2021年英语中考阅读理解精读精析（无答案）

By
Hedy
Xu
中考阅读理解精读精析
【第1篇】
People
often
think
of
the
North
Pole
and
the
South
Pole
as
similar
frozen
(冰凉）wastelands.
They
are
both
places
with
very
cold
temperatures
and
few
people
live
there.
However,
the
North
and
South
Poles
are
not
much
alike
as
people
may
imagine.
The
North
Pole
has
no
land,
only
thick
ice.
Temperatures
seldom
go
above
32
F,
at
which
water
turns
into
ice.
Most
of
the
time,
it
stays
below
zero.
In
winter
temperatures
are
usually
as
low
as
-30
F.
Although
conditions
were
very
poor,
people
tried
for
many
centuries
to
reach
the
North
Pole.
About
100
years
ago,
two
men,
Robert
Peary
and
Mathew
Henson,
were
able
to
get
to
this
environment
full
of
troubles
and
difficulties.
They
reached
the
North
Pole
on
March
8th,1909.It
was
really
a
hard
trip
for
them.
There
are
few
things
more
dangerous
than
crossing
the
Arctic(北极圈）on
foot.
People
who
stayed
there
may
face
many
problems:
very
cold
temperatures,
sudden
storms,
and
even
hunger.
Most
of
the
area
is
uninhabited.
Few
people
can
live
in
such
a
difficult
place.
People
might
think
that
with
such
low
temperatures
for
most
of
the
year,
the
ice
would
be
thick
and
hard.
However,
this
is
not
true
in
the
Arctic.
The
movement
of
the
ocean
water
under
the
ice
may
often
cause
many
different
changes
on
the
surface.
Sometimes
the
ice
breaks
into
two
opening
lanes
of
water
called
“leads”.
Anyone
who
falls
into
a
lead
can
be
frozen
to
death
in
a
few
minutes.
【词汇点拨】
核心词汇
similar
用作形容词，
意为“相似的，类似的”
be
similar
to
意为“与…相似”
temperature
用作名词（不可数），意为“气温，温度，体温”
take
one’s
temperature
意为“给某人量体温”
imagine
用作及物动词，意为“想象；认为”，后接名词、代词、动名词或从句作宾语
seldom
用作否定副词
常用否定副词有never/hardly/seldom/rarely
above
用作方位介词
意为“在…之上”
，既无接触，也不在正上方。
below
用作方位介词
意为“在…之下”，与above
相对，后常接数据（海拔、气温等）。
condition
用作名词（可数），意为“条件，状况”
environment
用作名词（不可数），意为“环境”
trouble
用作名词（可数），意为“麻烦，问题，困难”
in
trouble
意为“处于困境中”
have
trouble
(in)
doing
sth.
/
with
sth.
意为“做某事有困难”
What’s
the
trouble
with
sb.？
用于询问某人情况或表示关心
difficulty
用作名词（可数），意为“麻烦，问题，困难”
have
difficulties
(in)
doing
sth.
/
with
sth.
意为“做某事有困难”
reach
用作及物动词，意为“到达，抵达”
，后接地点名词作宾语，即“reach+地点”
hard
用作副词，意为“努力地”，如：work
/
study
hard
;
用作形容词，意为“困难的”，相当于difficult
句型It’s
hard
to
do
sth.
意为“做某事有困难”
dangerous
用作形容词，意为“危险的”
problem
用作名词（可数）
，意为“问题（待解决）”
have
problems
(in)
doing
sth./with
sth.
意为“做某事有问题（困难）”
No
problem
.
意为“没问题”
true
用作形容词，意为“真实的”，
come
true
意为“实现”
句型It
is
true
that…意为“…是真实的”
movement
用作名词，意为“运动，移动，活动”
cause
用作及物动词，意为“引起，导致”，相当于lead
to
different
用作形容词，意为“差异的，不同的”
be
different
from
意为“与…不同”
change
用作名词或动词，意为“变化，改变”
句型“Great
changes
have
taken
place…”意为“某时某地发生巨大变化”
sometimes
用作频度副词
，意为“有时，偶尔”，常用频度副词：always
/usually/often/never
at
times/from
time
to
time
也表示“有时，偶尔”
搭配
think
of
A
as
B
意为“认为A是B”或“把A视作B”
turn
into
意为“变成”
be
able
to
意为“有能力/能够做…”
get
to
意为“到达，抵达”，相当于arrive
in(at)
/
reach
be
full
of
意为“充满…”,相当于“be
filled
with”
on
foot
意为“走路，步行”，用作方式状语
on
the
face
意为“在表面”
break
into
意为“裂成”
fall
into
意为“掉入（进）”
同近义词
trouble
/
difficulty
困难
get
to
/
reach
到达，抵达
hard
/
difficult
困难的
反义词
above（在…之上）
below
（在…之下）
on（在…之上）
under（在…之下）
similar(相似的)
different(不同的)
【第2篇】
When
people
talk
to
each
other,
write
letters
or
make
phone
calls,
words
of
the
spoken
form
or
the
written
form
can
send
any
message
they
want
to
pass
on.
But
besides
words,
do
you
know
any
other
ways
you
can
use
to
communicate
with
people?
Rich
expressions
on
your
face
can
be
one
of
them.
A
smile
on
your
face
shows
that
you
are
happy.
Tears
in
your
eyes
tell
others
that
you
are
sad
or
excited.
Body
languages
can
do
the
same
job.
When
you
put
your
hand
up
in
class，the
teacher
knows
that
you
want
to
say
something
or
you
may
have
some
questions
to
ask.
You
shake
your
head
from
side
to
side
and
people
know
you
are
saying
"no"
or
refuse
others'
requirements.
When
you
nod,
people
will
understand
that
you
are
saying
"yes"
or
agree
to
others'
opinions
or
suggestions.
Other
forms
can
also
carry
different
message.
For
example,
a
sign
at
the
bus
stop
gives
passengers
instructions
on
which
bus
to
take.
The
flag
language
made
by
soldiers
can
pass
different
orders.
Sound
from
the
school
bell
tells
the
students
and
the
teachers
when
to
begin
or
end
a
class.
A
photographer
can
use
the
photos
he
has
taken
to
tell
others
about
what
he
thinks
of
the
world
around
him.
Music
and
films
also
convey
the
feelings
and
ideas
of
the
musicians
and
the
directors.
So
next
time
when
you
see
a
piece
of
art
or
listen
to
some
music,
take
it
as
communication
with
its
creator
and
try
to
get
the
meaning
behind
it.
【词汇点拨】
核心词汇
message
用作名词，
意为“信息；启示；预言；广告词”
用作动词，
意为“通知；报信；报告”
form
用作名词，
意为“形式；形态；外形；表格”
用作动词，
意为“构成；组成；形成；产生”
besides
用作副词，
意为“此外；而且”
用作介词，
意为“除……之外（包括在内）”
communicate
用作动词，
意为“通讯；传达；交流”
名词：
communication
communicate
with
sb.
“和某人交流”
expression
用作名词，
意为“表现；表示；表情；表达；态度；措辞”
language
用作名词，
意为“语言；语言文字；表达能力”
body
language
肢体语言
word
language
文字语言
refuse
用作名词，
意为“垃圾；废物”
；用作动词，
意为“拒绝；抵制”
refuse
sth./to
do
sth.
“拒绝某物、做某事”
requirement
用作名词，
意为“要求；需求；必要条件；必需品”
nod
用作名词或动词，
意为“点头；打盹”
nod
to
sb.
“向某人点头”
understand
用作动词，
意为“明白；理解”
shake
用作动词，
意为“动摇；摇动；握手”
shake
hands
with
sb.
和某人握手
opinion
用作名词，
意为“意见；主张；观点”
in
one’s
opinion
“在某人看来”
carry
用作动词，
意为“携带；搬运；支持”
suggestion
用作名词，
意为“意见；建议”
动词：suggest
suggest
doing
sth.
建议做某事
different
用作形容词，
意为“不同的；个别的”
名词：difference
动词：differ
be
different
from=differ
from
与……不同
passenger
用作名词，
意为“乘客；旅客”
instruction
用作名词，
意为“指示；指令；命令；用法说明”
sound
用作名词，
意为“声音；语音”
用作动词，
意为“听；听起来；试探；宣告”
用作形容词，
意为“健全的；健康的；合理的；可靠的”
用作副词，
意为“彻底地；充分地”
photographer
用作名词，
意为“摄影师；照相师”
photograph=photo
照片
photography
摄影；摄影术
convey
用作动词，
意为“传达；运输；表达”
feeling
用作名词，
意为“感觉；感情；情绪”
musician
用作名词，
意为“音乐家”
;
music
音乐
director
用作名词，
意为“主管；导演；主任；”
creator
用作名词，
意为“创造者；创建者”
meaning
用作名词，
意为“意义；含义；意图”
用作形容词，
意为“意味深长的”
搭配
talk
to
each
other
意为“相互交谈”
want
to
do
sth.
意为“想要做某事”
pass
on
意为“传递；继续；去世”
any
other
意为“任何其他的；其余任何一个”
on
your
face
意为“在你的脸上”
in
your
eyes
意为“在你的眼里”
put
your
hand
up
意为“举起你的手”
from
side
to
side
意为“左右；从一边到另一边”
think
of
意为“想起”
one
of
意为“其中之一”
agree
to
意为“同意；接受；允诺”
agree
to
do
同意去做
agree
with
sb.
同意某人的观点、看法
agree
on
在某方面取得一致意见；达成共识
for
example
意为“例如”
（=for
instance）
next
time
意为“下一次”
last
time
“上一次”
a
piece
of
意为“一条/张/片/则……”
listen
to
意为“听……”
take
…
as
意为“把……当作”（=regard…as）
try
to
do
意为“尽力做；努力做”try
doing
“尝试着做”
get
the
meaning
意为“理解意思”
同近义词
opinion
/
idea
观点；看法
know
/understand/get
了解;理解
pass
on
/convey
传递；传达
send/carry
发送/携带
反义词
happy（开心）
sad（伤心）
smile（笑容）
tear（眼泪）
begin（开始）
end
（结束）
the
same
（一样的）
different（不同的）
【第3篇】
It
is
reported
that
some
developed
countries
have
shipped
broken
parts
of
computers
to
China.
Such
a
thing
can
be
founded
every
day
although
it
is
against
international
laws.
Last
month
Hong
Kong
officers
found
131,000
kilograms
of
broken
computers,
TVs
and
phones
send
from
Japan.
Things
like
these
are
called
electronic
waste,
or
e-waste.
Dealing
with
is
not
an
easy
job
because
dangerous
poison
like
mercury(汞)and
lead
(铅)can
be
found
in
them.
Every
time
an
old
computer
breaks
down,
it
needs
to
be
dealt
with
safety.
But
at
present,
broken
computer
parts
are
usually
buried.
It
may
be
hundreds
of
years
before
they
are
really
goes
in
the
earth.
Many
places
in
China
are
polluted
by
e-waste.
Guiyu
in
Guangdong
province
is
one
of
them.
This
town
is
named
as
“the
e-waste
capital
of
the
world”.
It
has
to
deal
with
1.5mllion
kilograms
of
e-waste
each
year,
from
which
it
makes
75
million
years.
But
it
comes
at
a
cost.
Many
of
the
poison
in
e-waste
find
their
way
into
the
environment.
Plastic
is
burned
outdoors
and
chemical
water
is
poured
into
rivers,
Greenpeace,
an
environmental
group,
has
found
the
air,
the
earth
and
the
rivers
in
Guiyu
badly
polluted.
The
Chinese
government
wants
the
country
to
develop,
but
in
a
way
that
doesn’t
do
harm
to
the
environment
and
people’s
life.
This
year,
China
presents
a
new
protection
law,
the
strictest
one
we
have
ever
had.
Computer
companies
like
Lenovo
and
Dell
will
be
asked
to
take
back
their
old
computers.
This
is
because
the
companies
that
make
computers
know
best
to
deal
with
them
safely.
Hopefully,
the
problem
with
e-waste
will
be
solved
in
near
future.
【词汇点拨】
核心词汇
report
用作名词或动词，意为“报告，汇报”
，
give
a
report
作报告
report
sth
to
sb.
向...作报告
It
is
reported
that
...
据报道...
develop
用作动词，
意为“研制，制定”
find
用作动词，
意为“用作，找到”
，
find
out
意为“查明”
against
用作介词，
意为“反对，违反；靠；”
用作形容词
，意为“不利的；对立的”
be
against
意为“反对
;
违背”
send
用作动词，
意为“发送，派遣；寄”；
send
out
意为“发货
;
发出”
;
send
for
意为“召唤，派人去叫”；
send
a
message
意为“发信息”
call
用作动词，
意为“呼叫”；用作名词，意为“电话；
dangerous
用作形容词，
意为“危险的”
need
用作名词，
意为“需要，要求；缺乏；必要之物”
用作动词，
意为“需要”
need
to
do
意为“需要做…”
deal
用作动词，
意为“处理”
deal
with
意为“处理；涉及；做生意”
a
great
deal
of
意为“大量”
bury
用作动词，
意为“
埋葬；隐藏”
earth
用作名词，
意为“地球；地表，
陆地”
on
the
earth
意为“在世上；在地球上”
pollute
用作动词，
意为“污染；玷污；”
pollute
environment
意为“污染环境”
capital
用作名词，
意为“
首都，省会；”
make
用作动词，
意为“
使得
制造；”
make
sure
意为“确保
;
查明
;
确信
;
务必”
make
money
意为“赚钱
;
挣钱
;
发财致富
;
赢利
”
make
friends
with
意为“与…交友
”
make
up
意为“弥补；组成；化妆；整理
”
way
用作名词，
意为“
方法；道路；方向；”
way
of
意为“...的方式”
in
this
way
意为“这样；用这种方法”
best
way
意为“最佳方法
”
by
the
way
意为“顺便说说，顺便问一下；在途中
”
on
the
way
意为“在……途中
”
environment
用作名词，
意为“
环境；”
Natural
Environment
意为“自然环境
”
burn
用作动词，
意为“
燃烧；烧毁，灼伤”
burn
out
意为“
烧坏；烧尽”
strict
用作形容词，
意为“
严格的”
strict
with
意为“
对…要求严格”
be
strict
in
意为“
对...方面要求严格”
take
用作动词，
意为“
拿，取；采取；接受”
take
turns
意为“
轮流
;
依次
;
轮流换班
;
轮流按顺序
”
take
photos
意为“
拍照
;
照相
;
拍照片
;
摄影
”
take
part
in
意为“
参加，参与”
take
care
of
oneself
意为“照顾自己”
It
takes
sb.
sometime
to
do
意为“花费（时间）”
take
sb.
to
someplace.
意为“带某人去某地”
problem
用作名词，意为“难题；引起麻烦的人”
difficult
problem
意为“难题；难问题
”
no
problem
意为“没问题”
problem
solving
意为“解决问题”
solve
用作动词，意为“解决；解答”
future
用作名词，意为“未来；前途”
用作形容词，意为“将来的”
in
the
future
意为“在将来”
in
future
意为“从今以后，往后”
搭配
ship
…
to
…
意为“装运至
;
运往”
be
against
…
意为“反对
;
违背
;
违反
;
阻挡
”
send
from
意为“从发送
;
发送”
break
down
意为“打破
毁掉”
deal
with
意为“处理
;
对付”
be
named
as
意为“被命名为”
find
one’s
way
to
意为“找到…的去路；找到解决办法”
pour
into
意为“流进…里；把…注入…中；倒入；射入”
in
a
way
意为“在某种程度上；有点儿”
do
harm
to
意为“损害；伤害；对…有害”
present
a+限定词+law
意为“颁布某项法律”
take
back
意为“拿回；撤消”
in
the
near
future
意为“在不久的将来”
同近义词
name/call
命名
solve/deal/with
处理
反义词
dangerous（危险的）
safe（安全的）
new（新的）
old（旧的）
【第4篇】
To
us,
it
seems
so
natural
to
put
up
an
umbrella
to
keep
the
water
off
when
it
rains.
But
in
fact
the
umbrella
was
not
invented
as
protection
against
the
rain.
Its
first
use
was
as
a
shade(遮蔽)
against
the
sun.
Nobody
knows
who
first
invented
it,
but
the
umbrella
was
used
in
very
ancient
times.
Probably
the
first
to
use
it
were
the
Chinese,
back
in
the
eleventh
century
BC.
We
know
that
the
umbrella
was
used
in
ancient
Egypt
and
Babylon
as
a
sunshade.
And
there
was
a
strange
thing
connected
with
its
use
:
it
became
a
symbol
of
honor
and
power(权力).
In
the
Far
East
in
ancient
times,
the
umbrella
was
allowed
to
be
used
only
by
those
in
high
office
or
by
royal
people
such
as
the
kings
or
queens.
In
Europe,
the
Greeks
were
the
first
to
use
the
umbrella
as
a
sunshade.
The
umbrella
was
in
common
use
in
ancient
Greece,
but
it
is
believed
that
the
first
people
in
Europe
to
use
the
umbrella
as
protection
against
the
rain
were
the
ancient
Romans.
During
the
middle
ages
in
Europe,
the
use
of
the
umbrella
almost
disappeared.
Then
it
appeared
again
in
Italy
in
the
late
sixteenth
century.
And
again
it
became
a
symbol
of
power.
Umbrellas
have
not
changed
much
in
style
during
all
this
time,
though
they
have
become
much
lighter
in
weight.
It
wasn't
until
the
twentieth
century
that
the
umbrellas
for
women
began
to
be
made
in
all
kinds
of
colors.
【词汇点拨】
核心词汇
natural
形容词
自然的
invent
动词：发明，创造
inventor
发明家
invention
名词：发明
protection
名词:保护
protect
动词：保护
protect......from....
保护....不受........
ancient
形容词：古代的
strange
形容词：奇怪的
stranger
名词：陌生人
symbol
名词：象征，标志，符号
a
symbol
of....
....的象征
symbolize
动词：象征，标志
allow
动词：允许
allow
sb.
to
do
sth.
允许某人做某事。
common
形容词：共同的
common
sense
共识，常识
dissappear
动词：消失
disappearance
名词：消失
appear
动词：出现
appearance
名词：外貌
We
can’t
judge
one
person
by
his
appearance
我们不能以貌取人。
connect
动词:
连接
connection
名词：连接
connect
A
with
B
把A和B相连
BC:
before
century
公元前
Europe
欧洲
weight
名词：重量
height
名词：高度
length
名词：长度
width
名词：宽度
搭配
put
up
举起，张贴
in
fact
事实上，实际上
in
ancient
times
在远古时代
in
ancient
Egypt
在古埃及
the
middle
ages
in
Europe
欧洲中世纪
a
symbol
of
power
权利的象征
同近义词
in
fact
/as
a
matter
of
fact
事实上…
It
is
believed
that/
it
is
said
that
据说…
反义词
Natural（自然的）
unnatural（不自然的，反正常的）
Protect（保护）
destroy,injure,harm（破坏，伤害）
Ancient（古代的）
modern（当代的）
BC(公元前)
AD（公元后）
Common（共同的）
uncommon（不寻常的，罕见的）
Allow（允许）
forbid，ban，prevent(禁止)
Royal
people（贵族，皇家）
ordinary
people（平民，老百姓）
【第5篇】
In
nature,
you
may
see
many
insects
(昆虫）and
animals
of
different
colors.
Have
you
ever
wondered
why?
Locusts
are
super
delicious
food
for
birds,
but
it
is
not
always
an
easy
job
for
birds
to
catch
them.
It
is
neither
because
locusts
are
good
jumpers
or
runners
nor
because
they
are
smarter
than
their
enemies.
The
reason
is
that
the
colors
of
locusts
change
with
the
colors
of
crops(庄稼).
When
crops
are
young,
locusts
look
green.
But
when
autumn
comes,
locusts
change
to
the
yellow
and
brown
color
as
crops
do.
Brown
bears,
tigers
and
other
animals
move
quietly
through
forests.
They
can’t
be
seen
easily
by
their
enemies.
This
is
because
they
have
colors
similar
to
the
trees.
For
the
same
reason,
polar
bears
that
live
on
a
land
of
snow
and
ice
are
white.
Butterflies
and
bees
living
among
the
flowers
are
colorful
like
flowers.
Soil
insects
are
mostly
dark-colored
and
they
live
under
the
soil(土壤）in
a
dark
and
wet
environment.
However,
insects
with
colors
different
from
plants
can
easily
be
found
and
eaten
by
others.
So
in
order
to
survive,
they
have
to
hide
themselves
in
the
daytime
and
appear
only
at
night.
Have
you
ever
noticed
some
even
stranger
acts?
The
ink
fish
in
the
sea
can
send
out
some
very
black
ink
when
it
faces
danger.
As
the
ink
spreads
over
,
its
enemies
will
find
themselves
suddenly
in
a
dark
world.
At
the
same
time
the
ink
fish
immediately
swims
away.
That
is
how
it
keeps
itself
safe
though
it
is
not
strong
at
all.
【词汇点拨】
核心词汇
nature
用作名词，意为“自然，自然界，本性”
natural
用作形容词，意为“自然的，天生的”
different
用作形容词，意为“差异的，不同的”
be
different
from
意为“与…不同”
wonder
用作动词，意为“想知道，惊奇，怀疑”
用作名词，意为“奇观，奇迹”
用作形容词，意为“奇妙的，非凡的”（
如同：wonderful精彩的，极好的）。
delicious
用作形容词，意为“美味的，可口的”
because
用作连词，后接一个句子，表原因，意为“因为，由于”
Because
of
后接名词。
smart
用作形容词，意为“聪明的，敏捷的，厉害的”
smart
phone
手机
reason
用作名词，意为“原因”，一般与why
连用（the
reason
why……）。
change
用作名词或动词，意为“变化，改变”
句型“Great
changes
have
taken
place…”意为“某时某地发生巨大变化”
young
用作形容词，意为“年轻的，没经验的”
比较级younger，意为“年轻的”，与elder
“年长的”是反义词。
quietly
用作副词，意为“安静地，悄悄地，平静地”
quiet
用作形容词，名词，意为“安静的，平静的，安静，闲适”
through
用作介词，意为“透过，穿过，凭借”，指从内部穿透。
across
用作介词,
一般指从表面穿过。
enemy
用作名词，意为“敌人，危害物”
similar
用作形容词，
意为“相似的，类似的”
be
similar
to
意为“与…相似”
live
用作动词，
意为“生存，生活，居住”
live
on
意为“以……为生/食物，住在……上，继续生存”
living
用作形容词，
意为“活着的，生动的”
among
用作介词，
意为“在……之中”用于三者或三者以上
between……and……
意为“在……之中”用于两者之间
dark-colored
用作形容词，意为“深色的，暗色的”
environment
用作名词（不可数），意为“环境”
however
用作副词，表转折，意为“然而，可是，无论如何”
survive
用作动词，意为“幸存，生存，活下来”
survival
用作名词，意为“幸存者”
appear
用作动词，意为“出现，出场”
appearance
用作名词，意为“外貌，出现”
stranger
用作名词，意为“陌生人”
strange
用作形容词，意为“奇怪的，陌生的”
dangerous
用作形容词，意为“危险的”
spread
用作动词，意为“展开，伸开，传播”
spread
over
意为“分散，传开”；
spread
out意为“分散，伸展”
suddenly
用作副词，意为“意外地，突然地”，
sudden用作形容词，“意外的”
immediately
用作副词，意为“立刻，马上，紧接着”
safe
用作形容词，意为“安全的”
strong
用作形容词，意为“强壮的”
搭配
neither……nor
意为“既不……也不”
either……or
……
意为“或者……或者”
change
with
意为“随着……改变”
change
to
意为“变成……”
in
order
to
意为
“为了”，表目的
in
the
daytime
意为
“在白天”
at
night
意为
“在晚上”
send
out
意为
“发出，发送，散步”
at
the
same
time
意为
“与此同时”
not
……at
all
意为
“一点也不”
同近义词
same
相同的
similar相似的
live生活，生存
survive
幸存