句子翻译(英汉互译)
考点聚焦
1、命题特点
2、考查方式
3、常用词组
考点一 命题特点及题型特点
知识梳理
命题特点:
考查常见句型的结构及固定搭配;
考查常见短语的用法及表达方式;
考查重要的语法规则及其运用;
考查英汉两种语言文化在表达方面的异同。
题型特点:
在语篇中空出五个句子进行英汉互译;
给出五个单句进行英汉互译。
考点二 考查方式
知识梳理
1. 判断句子结构,搭好句型框架
一般来说,汉译英的句型可分为三大类:简单句;并列句;复合句。同时我们也要注意非谓语动词及其他一些特殊结构。
遇到困难的时候,我们需要的不是彼此埋怨,而是互相帮助。???_________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ ???【答案解析】本题考查了:复合句,when引导的状语从句;what引导的主语从句;not...?but结构; “彼此埋怨”的英文翻译。
When?we?have?difficulties,?what?we?need?is?not?to?blame?each?other?but?to?help?each?other.??
考点二 考查方式
知识梳理
2. 定位时态语态,注意前后呼应。????
时态一直是英语考试中的重点。在英语翻译中,每句一般都含有多个动词,因此,正确的思路应该是首先浏览全句中文,要能够根据句中的时间状语和提示来定位主句的动词时态,而其他动词必须与之呼应。
当我不在家时,吉姆总是帮助我照看我的宠物。????
Jim?always?________________?the?pets?for?me?while?I?____________.????
【答案解析】由语境逻辑和副词always,判断主句要用一般现在时态。从句动词必须与主句相呼应,所以从句也要用一般现在时态。?
takes care of/looks after
am?away/?stay?out/
?am?not?at?home
考点二 考查方式
知识梳理
3. 了解文化差异,避免汉语思维。????
作为中学生,在学习英语时,特别应该注重中英文表述不同之处,克服母语造成的潜在障碍,在做汉译英题时,切忌将两种语言对等地进行交换。
例如:????因为我起晚了,所以我上学迟到了。????_________________________________________________________________________________________????
【答案解析】汉语中“因为…所以…”常连用,但英语中Because和so不可同时使用,可相互转换。同样英语中although和but也是一样。
Because?I?got?up?late,?I?was?late?for?school./?I?got?up?late,?so?I?was?late?for?school.
考点三 常用词组
知识梳理
have been to have gone to
be interested in be busy doing=be busy with
take care of= look after hear from=get/receive a letter from
tell/ask sb. (not) to do sth. be good/ bad for
stop/ keep/prevent sb. from doing sth.
be proud of=take pride in too…to…
…enough to do sth. so…that…
not…until… It’s time to do sth./It’s time for sth.
考点三 常用词组
知识梳理
one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数 give up (doing) sth.
be surprised/amazed at make up one’s mind to do sth.
prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth. come true
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. put…away
so far=by now=up to now What’s the population of…?
It takes sb. some time to do sth thanks to
It’s+形容词+for/of sb. to do sth. It’s one’s duty to do sth.
put off (doing) sth.
典例剖析
(1)大连有多少人口?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)每天按时到校是一个好习惯
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(3)teachers often tell us to think more of others instead of caring only about ourselves.
______________________________________________________________
老师常常告诫我们要多为别人着想,而不是只要关心自己。
It’s a good habit to get to school on time every day.
Getting to school on time every day is a good habit.
How many people are there in Dalian?
What’s the population of Dalian?
中考链接
阅读下面短文,将文中划线部分译成汉语或者英语
My biggest problem is that (1)I’m too busy. When I was young, I used to have so much time, but these days(2)我早早起床 and stay in school all day. Then I go right home and eat dinner. Before I started high school, (3)I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends, but now I don’t have the time anymore. (4)我喜欢音乐, and my father used to take me to concerts. These days, I hardly ever have time for concerts。 I do my homework and go to bed. (5)I really miss the old days.
2. I get up early
3.我过去常花很多时间和朋友们玩游戏
4. I like music
5.我真想念以前的日子。
1. 我太忙了。
一、要通读全文,读懂短文的大意,整体把握短文;
二、要正确理解文中的关键词或短语;
三、结合语境,真实流畅地准确地把作者的思想和意思表达出来,可以直译也可以意译,但要符合语境和汉语的表达习惯;
四、认真细致地核对,力求符合作者的意图。
备考技法
思维导图
命题特点及题型特点
考查方式
句子翻译
(英汉互译)
考查常见句型的结构及固定搭配;
考查常见短语的用法及表达方式;
考查重要的语法规则及其运用;
考查英汉两种语言在表达方面的异同。
判断句子结构,搭好句型框架。
定位时态语态,注意前后呼应。
了解文化差异,避免汉语思维。
常用词组
have been to have gone to
be interested in be busy doing=be busy with
take care of= look after hear from=get/receive a letter from
tell/ask sb. (not) to do sth. be good/ bad for
stop/ keep/prevent sb. from doing sth.
be proud of=take pride in too…to…
…enough to do sth. so…that…
not…until… It’s time to do sth./It’s time for sth.
one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数 give up (doing) sth.
be surprised/amazed at make up one’s mind to do sth.
prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth. come true
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. put…away
so far=by now=up to now What’s the population of…?
It takes sb. some time to do sth thanks to
It’s+形容词+for/of sb. to do sth. It’s one’s duty to do sth.
put off (doing) sth.