初英考点精讲 同课异构 128 根据语境联系上下文分析推理【知识点微课课件】

根 据 语 境 联 系 上 下 文 分 析 推 理
一、激趣导入
同学们，请读例题，你能根据句子内容选出正确答案吗？
本课我们一起来学习完形填空中根据上下文分析推理解题的方法。
Outside a shop he saw a homeless old man who looked
very . Bill went to him and asked, “What’s wrong with
you?” The old man answered, “ I am hungry. I haven’t had any
food for two days.
A. afraid B. glad C. sick D. angry

C
二、考点剖析
1、命题思路
完形填空重在考查学生阅读理解及语言运用能力，它包括对语法、句型、惯用语的运用，对词汇、句子以及文章的理解。根据语境联系上下文推理题型的答案选择较多地受到短文大意的影响必须在选择答案之前通读短文，抓住其关键词并透彻理解上下文之间的联系，然后借助语境来选择最佳答案。有的时候，这种题型还需要用相关的常识进行推理判断。
例1.例题分析。
For more than sixty years, Aunt Marion didn’t and still don’t think of herself. ___ she is forced to come up to the front, my aunt will stand in the back in family photos, and she doesn’t think that her efforts have made much…
A. Unless B. Although C. Since D. Before
【解析】A 句意：如果不强迫她来到前面，在找全家福时她会站在后面。unless除非，如果不。although虽然，尽管。since自从，既然;
berore 在…之前。根据上下文可知考查表示假设条件的连词，故选A.
A
例2. The most amazing thing was that she taught me to read my_____ . I remember that I spent hours in front of the mirror and tried to repeat every' word that I said.
A. Eye B. face C. heart D. mouth
【解析】 根据文中的后文的I spent hours in front of the mirror and tried to repeat every‘ word that I said.可知，一定是用嘴 mouth 去said。故选择D mouth.本题考查根据上下文分析得出答案。
D
例3. All over the world people swim for fun. Swimming is enjoyed by people of ages, from the very young to the very old. There are many places for people to swim in swimming pools.
A. all B. none C. some D. both
A
解析：本题根据文中上下文可知指所有年龄段的人，故推理可知答案选A。
1. One day a rich woman lost her purse with a lot of money in it. So she made a , “ if anybody finds my purse and returns it to me, I’ll give half the money to him.”
A. face B. mistake C. promise D. conversation
C
2、练一练
练习一：根据句子内容，请选出正确的答案.
2. When we talked, I discovered（发现） some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little ____ than that in China. We usually have forty-five minutes in each class.
A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later
A
Early one morning, an old woman was carrying a big bag of cabbages on her head to the market. She hoped to _1_ them to the people from the town.
The mountain road was _2_ and the old woman was walking carefully, because she did not want to have _3_ and lose her cabbages.
Suddenly she _4_ a loud bell, and a bicycle came round the corner and passed her and went very fast _5_ the hill. The old woman had to jump to one side of the _6_ so quickly that the bag of cabbages nearly fell into the valley.
She looked up, and saw that a young boy was on the bicycle. He was _7_ on without even looking round to see _8_ the old woman was all right.
The old woman began to shout, “Come back, young man! You dropped something!”
When he heard this, the boy stopped the bicycle so suddenly that he _9_ fell off. Then he turned and began to _10_ the bicycle back up the hill. “What is it?” he asked, “What did I drop?” “Little boy,” the old woman answered, “You dropped your manners.”
练习二、读短文，给空白处选择正确答案。
（ ）1. A. send B. sell C. give D. take
（ ）2. A. narrow B. wide C. deep D. long
（ ）3. A. a match B. a rest C. an accident D. a lesson
（ ）4. A. hit B. found C. made D. heard
（ ）5. A. over B. up C. to D. down
（ ）6. A. road B. street C. town D. hill
（ ）7. A. driving B. riding C. running D. walking
（ ）8. A. how B. why C. whether D. when
（ ）9. A. usually B. hardly C. easily D. nearly
（ ）10. A. carry B. pull C. push D. return
C
D
B
A
D
C
C
D
A
B
答案:
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. C
解析：
1. 主要考查动词词意辨析。参照下文，老奶奶是去“卖”菜，故选B。
2. 主要考查对上下文的理解。根据上下文，路既非宽也非深、长，而是窄，故选A。
3. 主要考查对上下文的理解。根据上下文，老奶奶并不想比赛、休息、上课等，而是不想出现意外，故选C。
4. 主要考查动词词义辨析。根据句意声音只能是听到，排除A、B、C，故选D。
5. 主要考查推理知识。有文中句意可推断骑车下山才可能速度快，故选D。
6. 主要考查推理知识。老奶奶在山上所走的，既非城镇也非街道，而是路，故选A。
7. 主要考查动词辨析。自行车只能“骑”，故选B。
8. 主要考查连词。把how; why; when三个连词代入句中，句意均不通顺，因此排除A、B、D。故选C。意为“……是否怎样”。
9. 主要考查副词词义辨析。解题思路同上题，答案选D，意为“几乎”。
10. 主要考查推理知识。根据上下文可知让自行车往山上走，只能是推，故选C。
3、答题技巧
1. 要坚持语意第一的原则，语法应放于第二位。
2. 要认真注意细节，特别是环境和心理的描写。
3. 根据所给答案中的不同词类，从不同角度分别考虑选择。
4. 语境的融入，不要加入个人的感彩。
5. 文章的整体理解，上下文和上下句的理解。
三、思维导图