语篇结构
考点聚焦
1、命题思路
2、题干表现形式
考点一 命题思路
知识梳理
篇章结构题的考查对象是整个篇章或其中的某个段落。考查同学们在理解全文的基础上对文章所描述事件的发展顺序、所说明事物的结构层次或在论述观点过程中使用的论证方法进行推测、归纳和总结的能力。在解答此类题目之前,有必要对全篇或被考查的段落进行通读以了解其大意。这是一种较为新颖的考查方式,已经成为一种独立的题型。
考点二 题干表现形式
知识梳理
1、The?passage?is?organized?in?order?of________.?
2、Which?of?the?following?shows?the?structure?of?the?passage??
3、What?is?most?likely?to?be?discussed?in?the?paragraph?that?follows??
4、How?does?the?passage?develop?
典例剖析
66.?How?does?the?passage?mainly?develop??
A.?By?providing?examples.?
B.?By?making?comparisons.?
C.?By?following?the?order?of?time.?
D.?By?following?the?order?of?importance.?
【原文】Getting?rid?of?dirt,in?the?opinion?of?most?people,is?a?good?thing.?However,there?is?nothing?fixed?about?attitudes?to?dirt.?
In?the?early?16th?century,…….?By?1538,the?French?king?had?closed?……England?in?1546. ……?since?the?18th?century.?……?since?World?War?Ⅱ.
中考链接
57.?The?author?develops?the?second?paragraph?mainly?________.?
A.?by?classification??????B.?by?comparison?
C.?by?example??????? D.?by?process?
【原文】Despite?what?it?promises,GM?technology?actually?has?not?increased?the?production?potential?(潜力)?of?any?crop.?In?fact,studies?show?that?the?most?widely?grown?GM?crop,GM?soybeans,has?suffered?reduced?productivity.?For?instance,a?report?that?analyzed?nearly?two?decades?of?research?on?major?GM?food?crops?shows?that?GM?engineering?has?failed?to?significantly?increase?US?crop?production.?
备考技法
作者为文,有脉可循。文章绝不是互不相干的句子杂乱无章的堆砌。理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。这就要求学生不但要理解文章的细节内容,还要把握文章的整体结构和行文脉络,即句与句,段与段之间的逻辑关系,切忌只注重词和句的理解而忽视对语篇结构的分析。?
合理分析,准确推断。由于题目提问方式较为单一,无非是文章或段落的发展方法,因此解题的关键在于找出文章或段落中表示层次发展的关键词如记叙文以人物为中心,以时间或空间为线索,按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事;论述文则包含论点、论据、论证三大要素,通过解释、举例来阐述观点。可根据文章的特点,详读细节,以动词、时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索,找出关键词语,在大脑中勾画出一幅清晰的文章主题和细节的认知图。
思维导图
题干表现形式
关键词
1、The?passage?is?organized?in?order?of________.?
2、Which?of?the?following?shows?the?structure?of?the?passage??
3、What?is?most?likely?to?be?discussed?in?the?paragraph?that?follows??
4、How?does?the?passage?develop?
记叙文以人物为中心,以时间或空间为线索,按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事。
论述文则包含论点、论据、论证三大要素,通过解释、举例来阐述观点。
语篇结构