Unit
1 Science
Fiction
人工智能是一门基于计算机科学、生物学、心理学、神经科学、数学和哲学等学科的技术科学。人工智能只是一种技术，就像任何技术一样，可以用来造福人类，也可能会为人类带来危害。我们需要以负责和道德的方式使用人工智能，国际社会也需要应对人工智能带来的挑战。
In
the
years
ahead,
AI
will
raise
three
big
questions
for
bosses
and
governments.
One
is
the
effect
on
jobs.
Although
bosses
publicly
praise
the
broad
benefits
AI
will
bring
very
much,
their
main
interest
lies
in
cutting
costs.
One
European
bank
asked
a
technology
company
to
find
a
way
of
reducing
the
staff
in
its
operations
department
from
50,000
to
500.
A
special
report
has
shown
that
AI?enhanced①
tools
can
help
reduce
staff
in
departments
such
as
customer
service
and
human
resources
by
a
large
amount.
The
McKinsey
Global
Institute
finds
that
by
2030
up
to
375
million
people,
or
14%
of
the
global
workers
in
companies
or
countries,
could
have
their
jobs
automated②
away.
Bosses
will
need
to
decide
whether
they
are
prepared
to
offer
and
pay
for
retraining,
and
whether
they
will
give
workers
time
off
for
it.
Many
companies
say
they
are
all
for
workers
developing
new
skills,
but
not
at
employers'
expense.
A
second
important
question
is
how
to
protect
privacy③
as
AI
spreads.
The
Internet
has
already
made
it
possible
to
track
people's
digital
behaviour
in
extremely
small
detail.
AI
will
provide
even
better
tools
for
businesses
to
monitor
consumers
and
workers,
both
online
and
in
the
physical
world.
Consumers
are
sometimes
happy
to
go
along
with
this
if
it
results
in
personalised④
services.
But
AI
probably
brings
privacy
violations⑤
that
are
seen
as
shocking
and
morally
unacceptable.
In
the
wrong
hands,
useful
technology
could
be
against
fair
and
equal
treatment.
The
police
around
the
world
will
use
AI
to
spot
criminals,
but
may
also
look
on
ordinary
citizens
secretly,
in
order
to
discover
things
or
find
out
information
about
them.
New
rules
will
be
needed
to
ensure
agreement
on
what
degree
of
monitoring
is
acceptable.
The
third
question
is
about
the
effect
of
AI
on
competition
in
business.
Today
many
firms
are
competing
to
provide
AI－enhanced
tools
for
companies.
But
a
technology
company
that
achieves
artificial
intelligence
could
be
ahead
of
its
competitors,
put
others
out
of
business
and
lessen
competition.
This
is
unlikely
to
happen
in
the
near
future,
but
if
it
did,
it
would
be
of
great
concern.
【注】
①AI?enhanced
adj.人工智能增强的
②automate
vt.使自动化
③privacy
n．隐私
④personalise
vt.使个性化；使个人化
⑤violation
n．侵犯；违背；妨碍
Section
Ⅰ Reading,
Listening
and
Thinking
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．________
n.
小说，虚构的事
2．________
n.
意外收获，奖金，红利
3．________
n.
诚实正直，完整，完好
4．________
n.
庄重，庄严，尊严
5．________
n.
薪水；薪金
6．________
n.
指甲；趾甲；钉子
vt.
(用钉子)钉牢，固定
7．________
vt.
让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除
8．________
vt.
表明；宣称；公布
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________
n．预约；约会；委任→________
v．任命；委任；安排
2．________
adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→________
n．内疚；悔恨；有罪
3．________
vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓→________
n．悬挂，暂停，中止
Ⅲ.阅读词汇
1．ridiculous
adj.
______________
2．absurd
adj.
________________
3．ladder
n.
________________
4．whereas
conj.
________________
Ⅳ.重点短语
1．________________
检验；测试
2．________________
更像是；更接近
3．________________
以……做试验
4．________________
(或者)说得更正确点
5．________________
预约；有一个约会
6．________________
转动；转身
7．________________
毕竟
8．________________
及时
9．________________
比……更；超出；不仅仅
Ⅴ.重点句型
1．作为报答，托尼答应帮助克莱尔使她自己更漂亮，使她的家更优美。
As
a
favour,
Tony
promised
to
help
Claire
________________________________.
2．克莱尔感谢了托尼，并称呼他“亲爱的”。
Claire
thanked
Tony,
________________
him
that
he
was
a
“dear”．
3．当她转过身时，发现格拉迪丝·克拉芬就在身后。
As
she
turned
around,
________________
Gladays
Claffern.
根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．Larry
brought
a
robot
home
to
________.
A．make
his
wife
happy
B．test
out
the
robot
C．send
his
wife
a
gift
D．free
his
wife
from
work
2．Why
did
Claire
feel
alarmed
when
she
saw
the
robot?
A．Because
the
robot
was
in
fact
not
a
machine.
B．Because
she
didn't
like
him.
C．Because
she
had
seen
the
robot
before.
D．Because
the
robot
was
more
like
a
human
being
than
a
machine.
3．Who
did
Claire
turn
to
for
help
when
the
clerk
at
the
counter
was
rude
to
her?
A．Her
husband.
B．Gladys
Claffern.
C．Tony,
the
robot.
D．The
manager
of
the
shop.
4．Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
Tony's
characteristic?
A．Clumsy.
B．Handsome.
C．Helpful.
D．Smart.
5．The
robot
Tony
helped
Claire
to
realize
her
dream
by
________.
A．making
her
home
elegant
B．giving
her
a
new
haircut
and
changing
the
makeup
she
wore
C．giving
her
advice
on
her
dresses
D．all
the
above
6．Why
did
Claire
buy
the
items
from
the
shop?
A．Because
her
husband
was
to
return.
B．Because
Tony
was
to
leave.
C．Because
Tony
wanted
the
house
transformed.
D．Because
she
thought
she
needed
them.
?第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1.appointment
n．预约；约会；委任
(1)make/have/fix
an
appointment
with
sb.
与某人约会/预约/约定(时间)
keep/break
an
appointment
守/失约
(2)appoint
vt.
任命，委派；约定；指定
appoint
sb.
(as/to
be)．..
指定/任命某人为……
appoint
sb.
to
do
sth.
委派/任命某人去做某事
?We
made/had/fixed
an
appointment
that
we
will
go
there
together
again.
我们约定我们会再一次一起去那儿。
?A
punctual
person
is
in
the
habit
of
doing
a
thing
at
the
proper
time
and
never
breaks
an
appointment.
一个守时的人有在适当的时候做一件事的习惯，并且从不违约。
?We
appointed
him
(as/to
be)
chairman.我们指定他为主席。
?I
was
appointed
to
take
charge
of
arranging
all
the
activities
on
that
day.
我被任命负责安排那天所有的活动。
高考助记：
①I
have
an
appointment
with
my
dentist
at
11：30.
我约好11点半去看牙医。
②Sam
has
been
appointed
manager
of
the
engineering
department
to
take
the
place
of
George.
山姆被任命为工程部经理，接替乔治。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I
________
(appoint)
as
head
of
the
Hawaiian
Volcano
Observatory
(HVO)
20
years
ago.
②I
hope
I
shall
get
a
teaching
________
(appoint)
at
the
new
school.
③They
appointed
him
________
chairman.
④They
appointed
him
________
(catch)
all
the
rats.
⑤Do
you
have
an
appointment
________
the
dentist?
⑥We've
made
________
appointment
with
them
to
meet
at
the
gate
of
the
museum.
2.guilty
adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
(1)feel
guilty
about/at...
对……感到内疚
(2)be
guilty
of...
犯……罪
(3)guilt
n.
内疚；自责；犯罪
?I
feel
really
guilty
at
forgetting
her
birthday.
我忘记了她的生日，感到非常内疚。
?I
felt
guilty
about
not
visiting
my
parents
more
often.
我因没有常去看望父母而感到内疚。
?They
were
found
guilty
of
murder.他们被判谋杀罪成立。
?Don't
you
have
any
feelings
of
guilt
about
leaving
David?
你离开戴维难道就没有一点内疚吗？
语境助记：
He
was
guilty
of
serious
misconduct
and
he
was
guilty
about
it.
他犯有严重失职罪并且他对此感到很内疚。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①当他回忆过去时，他感到非常惭愧。
He
________________________
when
looking
back
on
the
past.
②他对于未给老妇人让座这件事感到内疚。
He
____________________________
not
giving
his
seat
to
the
old
lady.
3.dismiss
vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除；不受理(案子)
dismiss
sb.
from...
解雇
dismiss
sb.
for
sth.
因某事解雇某人
dismiss
fears/doubts
from
one's
mind
消除心中的恐惧/疑虑
近义词：fire解雇；开除
?The
class
was
dismissed
early
today.
今天这个班级提早放学。
?He
was
dismissed
from
his
job
for
incompetence.
他因为不称职而被解雇了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Last
month
the
case
________
(dismiss)
owing
to
lack
of
evidence.
②Employees
can
________
(dismiss)
for
causing
great
losses
to
the
company.
4.declare
vt.表明；宣称；公布
declare
for/against
(doing)
声明赞成/反对(做)……
declare
war
on...
向……宣战
declare
sb./sth.＋adj.
宣布某人/某物……
declare
sb./sth.
(to
be)．..
宣布某人/某物为……
declare
(that)．..
宣布/宣称……
?They
declared
against
building
a
new
bridge.
他们声明反对修建新桥。
?Germany
declared
war
on
France
on
3
August,
1914.
德国于1914年8月3日向法国宣战。
?I
now
declare
this
meeting
open.
我现在宣布会议开始。
?The
painting
was
declared
to
be
a
forgery.
这幅画被判定为赝品。
?He
declared
that
he
was
in
love
with
her.
他声称自己已爱上她。
辨析比较：
announce
指正式地“公开；发表；宣布”，侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻之类的消息
declare
指正式地、明确地向公众“宣布；宣告；声明”，侧重“当众发表”，多用于宣战、议和、宣判等
He
declared
his
loyalty
to
the
government.
他向政府宣誓效忠。
The
manager
announced
a
sale
on
the
samples
of
TV
this
morning.
今天早晨，经理公布了电视机样品的一个特价。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Jones
won
the
match
and
________
(declare)
the
winner.
②The
workers
declared
________
the
offer
of
increasing
pay
and
holidays.
③In
September
1939,
Britain
declared
war
________
Germany
after
Germany
invaded
Poland.
5.more
than超过；非常；不仅仅
more
than的用法：
(1)后接数词时，意为“多于，超过”，相当于over；
(2)后接名词时，意为“不只是，不仅仅”；
(3)后接形容词时，意为“非常，十分”；
(4)后接从句时，从句中常有情态动词can或could，意为“超过……所能”。
名师点津：
more
than
one意为“不止一个”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
So
far,
more
than
one
man
has
been
dismissed.
到目前为止，不止一人被解雇了。
?There
are
more
than
20
kinds
of
birds
on
the
small
island.在那个小岛上有超过20种鸟。
?He
is
more
than
a
father.
He
is
a
friend.他不仅仅是一位父亲，还是一位朋友。
?I'm
more
than
happy
to
take
you
there
in
my
car.我非常乐意用我的车带你去那儿。
?That
is
more
than
I
can
understand.那非我能理解的。
[即学即练] 写出下列句子中more
than的汉语意思/完成句子
①The
result
was
much
more
than
he
could
imagine.____________
②In
doing
scientific
experiments,
one
must
be
more
than
careful
with
the
instruments.____________
③She
wishes
to
be
treated
as
nothing
more
than
a
common
girl.____________
④The
test
takes
more
than
an
hour.____________
⑤已经不止一位农民歌手出现在春节联欢晚会的舞台上了。
____________________________________
on
the
stage
of
the
Spring
Festival
Gala.
?第二版块|重点句型解构
1.(教材P2)As
a
favour,
Tony
promised
to
help
Claire
make
herself
more
beautiful
and
her
home
more
elegant.作为报答，托尼答应帮助克莱尔使她自己更漂亮，使她的家更优美。
[句式分析] 该句中使用了“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、不定式等来充当。make是使役动词，意为“使……做某事，使……成为，使……怎么样”。
(1)“make＋宾语＋形容词(短语)”意为“使……处于某种状态”。
?The
Internet
makes
our
lives
easy
and
convenient.互联网使我们的生活变得容易、方便。
(2)“make＋宾语＋名词(短语)”意为“使或让……成为……；使……当……”。
?We
made
him
our
team
leader
last
week.上周我们推选他当我们的队长。
?Most
pop
singers
make
music
their
career.很多流行歌手把音乐当作他们的事业。
(3)“make＋宾语＋不带to的不定式”表示“迫使、强制某人做某事”，宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑上的主动关系。
?My
parents
often
make
me
do
some
extra
homework.
我的父母经常让我做一些额外的家庭作业。
在主动语态中，这种结构中的动词不定式不带to；而在被动语态中，这种结构中的动词不定式必须带上to。
?I
was
made
to
finish
the
work
before
nine.别人让我9点前完成工作。
(4)“make＋宾语＋过去分词”意为“使/让……被……”。宾补与宾语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。
?You
should
make
your
views
known.你应该让别人了解你的观点。
?His
actions
made
him
universally
respected.他的行为使他处处受到尊敬。
?I
speak
slowly
to
make
myself
understood.我说得很慢，以便大家都能听懂我的话。
(5)“make＋宾语＋介词短语”意为“使某人/某物(变得)……”。
?He
made
the
computer
in
good
condition
again.他又把计算机修好了。
⑩You
made
him
into
an
honest
one.你使他成为一个诚实的人。
特别提示：
当不定式短语或宾语从句作宾语时，为了使句子结构保持平衡，常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语放到宾补后面，即：make＋it＋宾补＋不定式短语/宾语从句。
They
want
to
make
it
clear
to
the
public
that
they
do
an
important
and
necessary
job.
他们要向公众表明，他们所做的工作不但重要，而且是必不可少的。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Can
you
make
yourself
________
(understand)
in
Russian?
②Nothing
will
make
me
________
(change)
my
mind.
③Tom
asked
the
candy
makers
if
they
could
make
the
chocolate
easier
________
(break)
into
small
pieces.
④我们任命他为我们足球队的队长。
We
________________
of
our
football
team.
⑤在车流的喧闹声中，他无法使别人听到他的声音。
He
couldn't
________________
above
the
noise
of
the
traffic.
2.(教材P2)Claire
thanked
Tony,
telling
him
that
he
was
a
“dear”．
克莱尔感谢托尼，告诉他他是“爱人”。
[句式分析] 现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示伴随情况，所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，且与句子的主语即逻辑主语是主谓关系。
(1)现在分词除在句中作状语时，还可以作表语、定语、宾语补足语等。
(2)现在分词作状语除了表示伴随以外，还可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果和方式等。
?As
the
light
turned
green,
I
stood
for
a
moment,
not
moving,
and
asked
myself
what
I
was
going
to
do.当信号灯变绿时，我站了一会儿，一动不动，自问将要做什么。
?Adding
them
all
up,
we
can
find
the
answer.
把它们全部加起来，我们就可以找到答案。
?Gathering
around
the
fire,
the
tourists
danced
with
the
local
people.
那些旅行者们聚集在篝火周围和当地人一起跳舞。
名师点津：
(1)现在分词作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、结果时，相当于一个状语从句；表示伴随情况时，相当于并列句。
(2)现在分词的一般式(v.?ing)表示该动作与句子的谓语动词动作同时发生或在其后发生。
(3)现在分词的完成式(having＋v.?ed)表示该动作在句子的谓语动词动作之前发生。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①When
I
was
little,
my
mother
used
to
sit
by
my
bed,
________
(tell)
me
stories
till
I
fell
asleep.
②________
(be)
too
old,
he
couldn't
walk
that
far.
③My
cousin
came
to
see
me
from
the
countryside,
________
(bring)
me
a
full
basket
of
fresh
fruits.
④Her
mother
died,
________
(leave)
her
with
four
younger
brothers.
⑤________
(not,
feel)
well,
he
went
to
see
the
doctor.
⑥While
I
was
walking
along
the
street,
I
met
her.
→________________
along
the
street,
I
met
her.
3.(教材P2)As
she
turned
around,
there
stood
Gladys
Claffern.
当她转过身时，发现格拉迪丝·克拉芬就站在身后。
[句式分析] 该句使用了一个完全倒装句。
完全倒装是将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，把谓语移到主语前面。常见的有以下几种类型：
(1)地点副词(here,
there等)、时间副词(now,
then)以及方位副词(away,
down,
in,
off,
out,
back等)置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子要完全倒装。其谓语动词多为be,
go,
come等表示位置移动或状态的不及物动词。
?There
goes
the
bell.(＝The
bell
is
ringing.)铃响了。
?Down
came
Stout
Santa
in
a
single
bound.胖胖的圣诞老人轻轻一跳就下来了。(正常语序为：Stout
Santa
came
down
in
a
single
bound.)
(2)There
be句型(be动词还可以替换为appear,
exist,
lie,
stand,
remain,
live等表示“存在”含义的动词)。
?There
exists
an
ancient
temple
in
this
town,
which
attracts
many
visitors.
这个小镇上有一座古庙，吸引着许多游客。
(3)表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词，谓语动词是be,
lie,
stand,
sit等时，句子要完全倒装。
?Under
that
tree
stands
a
beautiful
girl
who
is
reading
a
book.
那棵树下站着一位美丽的姑娘，她正在读书。(正常语序为：A
beautiful
girl
who
is
reading
a
book
stands
under
that
tree.)
特别提示：
此类倒装句的主语只能是名词，若主语是代词，则不倒装。
Out
they
ran.他们跑出去了。
[即学即练] 用完全倒装改写下列句子
①A
castle
stands
on
the
hill.
________________________________________________________________________
②A
national
flag
hangs
on
the
front
wall
of
the
classroom.
________________________________________________________________________
③The
attractive
scenery
I
had
been
told
about
lay
below
me.
________________________________________________________________________
④我还没来得及说一个字，孩子们就跑开了。
________________________________________________________________________
⑤最后一班火车开走了。
________________________________________________________________________
⑥我的妈妈坐在窗边，手里端着一杯咖啡。
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．________
(小说)
takes
up
a
large
slice
of
the
publishing
market.
2．He
lost
his
balance
and
fell
from
the
________
(梯子)．
3．He
would
not
accept
this
job
for
such
a
small
________
(薪水)．
4．If
you
don't
concentrate
more
on
your
work,
you'll
be
________
(解雇)．
5．We
have
time
and
time
again
________
(宣布)
that
we
will
never
be
the
first
to
use
nuclear
weapons.
6．Isn't
it
________
(荒谬的)
to
plant
crops
and
not
weed
the
fields?
7．They
want
a
house,
________
(然而)
we
would
rather
live
in
a
flat.
8．It's
difficult
to
preserve
your
________
(尊严)
when
you
have
no
job
and
no
home.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I
have
an
________
(appoint)
with
the
manager
of
that
company
in
the
evening.
2．All
night
long
he
lay
awake,
________
(think)
of
the
problem.
3．I
feel
so
________
(guilt)
and
angry
about
the
whole
issue.
4．He
appointed
me
________
(meet)
his
friends
at
the
entrance
of
the
theatre.
5．Germany
declared
war
________
France
on
1
August
1914.
6．They
usually
have
the
medicine
________
(test)
out
before
putting
into
the
market
all
over
the
country.
7．Jane's
pale
face
suggested
that
she
________
(be)
ill,
and
her
parents
suggested
she
________
(have)
a
medical
examination.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．不止一个学生知道你的秘密。
____________________________
about
your
secret.
2．这样能使你以后再看笔记时更容易读些。
This
____________________________
when
you
look
at
them
later.
3．他们在欧洲开了一家唯一的商店，以检验一下市场情况。
They
opened
a
single
store
in
Europe
________________________________________.
4．他们在那儿站了半个小时，观察着天上的星星。
They
stood
there
for
half
an
hour,
________________________________________.
5．贾斯汀建议我和他一起去一个安静的地方，在那里我们可以单独待着。
Justin
suggested
that
____________________________
where
we
could
be
alone.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
The
company
for
which
Larry
worked
was
to
have
a
newly?made
robot
1.________
(call)
Tony,
which
was
going
to
be
tested
out
by
his
wife
Claire
at
home.
At
the
first
sight
of
Tony,
Claire
felt
2.________
(alarm).
She
thought
3.________
was
ridiculous
that
a
robot
should
look
so
much
like
human,
4.________
his
smooth
hair
and
a
deep
voice
although
his
facial
expression
never
changed.
On
the
second
morning,
Tony
wanted
to
help
her
to
dress,
which
made
Claire
5.________
(embarrass)
and
she
refused
him.
But
later
she
was
glad
that
Tony
could
make
her
home
6.________
(elegance),
give
her
a
new
hairstyle
and
improve
her
makeup.
To
decorate
her
home,
he
could
also
write
out
a
list
of
7.________
(item)
for
her
to
buy.
And
finally,
Tony
helped
Claire
to
finish
all
the
work.
Tony
suggested
Claire
that
she
8.________
(invite)
Gladys
and
her
friends
to
the
house
the
night
before
he
was
9.________
(leave)
and
Larry
was
to
return.
10.________
made
us
unbelievable
was
that
Tony
didn't
want
to
leave
Claire
in
the
end!
Unit
1 Science
Fiction
Section
Ⅰ Reading,
Listening
and
Thinking
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．fiction 2.bonus 3.integrity 4.dignity 5.salary 6.nail 7.dismiss 8.declare
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．appointment appoint 2.guilty guilt 3.suspend suspension
Ⅲ.阅读词汇
1．愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的 2.荒谬的；荒唐的 3.梯子，阶梯 4.然而；但是；尽管
Ⅳ.重点短语
1．test
out 2.more
like 3.experiment
with 4.or
rather 5.have
an
appointment 6.turn
around 7.after
all 8.in
time 9.more
than
Ⅴ.重点句型
1．make
herself
more
beautiful
and
her
home
more
elegant 2.telling 3.there
stood
文本研析·语篇理解
1．B 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C
核心突破·互动探究
?第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．①was
appointed ②appointment ③as ④to
catch ⑤with ⑥an
2．①feels
quite
guilty ②felt
guilty
about/at
3．①was
dismissed ②be
dismissed
4．①was
declared ②for ③on
5．①超出……所能 ②非常 ③不仅仅 ④多于，超过 ⑤More
than
one
farmer
singer
has
appeared
?第二版块|重点句型解构
1．①understood ②change ③to
break ④made
him
captain ⑤make
himself
heard
2．①telling ②Being ③bringing ④leaving ⑤Not
feeling ⑥While
walking
3．①On
the
hill
stands
a
castle.
②On
the
front
wall
of
the
classroom
hangs
a
national
flag.
③Below
me
lay
the
attractive
scenery
I
had
been
told
about.
④Away
ran
the
children
before
I
could
say
a
single
word.
⑤There
went
the
last
train.
⑥By
the
window
sat
my
mother
with
a
cup
of
coffee
in
her
hand.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Fiction 2.ladder 3.salary 4.dismissed 5.declared 6.absurd/ridiculous 7.whereas/while 8.dignity
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．appointment 2.thinking 3.guilty 4.to
meet 5.on 6.tested 7.was (should)
have
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．More
than
one
student
knows 2.makes
your
notes
easier
to
read 3.to
test
out
the
market 4.watching
the
stars
in
the
sky 5.I
(should)
go
with
him
to
a
quiet
place
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
1．called 2.alarmed 3.it 4.with 5.embarrassed 6.elegant 7.items 8.(should)
invite 9.to
leave 10.What
-
10
-Unit
1
Science
Fiction
Section
Ⅱ Learning
About
Language
Ⅰ.核心词汇及拓展
1．________
n.
谣言；传闻
2．________
vt.
&
vi.
假设；假定
3．________
n.
车费；船费；飞机票价
4．________
n.
克(重量单位)
5．________
n.
面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉
6．________
n.
活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)
7．________
n.
售货员；推销员
8．________
n.
外星人(生物)；外国人
adj.
陌生的；外星的；外国的
9．________
adj.每周的
n．周刊→________
adj.每天的→________
每月的→________
adj.每年的
10．________
vt.计算；核算；预测→________
n．计算，推测；算计→________
adj.工于心计的→________
n．计算器
11．________
n．女主席；女董事长；女委员长→________
n．主席；董事长；委员长
12．________________
根据；以……的方式(基准)
Ⅱ.核心词汇讲解
1．on
a．..basis根据；以……的方式(基准)
on
a
daily
basis
每天
on
a
weekly
basis
每周
on
a
regular
basis
定期的，有规律的
on
a
solid
basis
建立在牢固的基础之上
?He
had
the
patients
telling
him
on
a
daily
basis
the
horrors
they
saw
on
the
battlefield.
每天他都会从病人那里听到他们在战场上所见过的可怕情形。
?The
group
meets
on
a
regular
basis,
usually
weekly
or
biweekly.
这个小组定期会面，通常是每周或每两周一次。
[相关用法] be
based
on/upon以……为基础，以……为根据
Although
it
is
a
fiction,
it
is
based
on
the
fact.
虽然它是虚构的事，但它是以事实为基础的。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/翻译句子
①Their
marketing
strategy
________
(base)
on
a
study
of
consumer
spending.
②The
film
is
based
________
a
novel
by
D．H.
Lawrence.
③我们的政策应建立在自力更生(self?reliance)的基础上。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
④我们将定期在那里会面。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[名师点津] basis
n．基础；根据，多用于抽象。base
n．基础；底部；底座；基地；总部，多用于具体。
2．calculate
vt.计算；核算；预测 calculation
n．计算，推测；算计 calculator
n．计算器 calculating
adj.工于心计的
calculate
on
sth.
指望，期望某物
calculate
on
sb./sth.
doing
sth.
指望某人/某物做某事
be
calculated
to
do
sth.
旨在做某事，用意在于做某事
calculate
that...
计算……；预测……
It
is
calculated
that...
据估算……
?This
might
seem
like
an
easy
figure
to
calculate.
这个数字可能看上去很容易计算。
?This
advertisement
is
calculated
to
appeal
to
children.
这个广告旨在吸引儿童。
?Having
created
nine
such
ice
reserves,
Norphel
calculates
that
he
has
stored
about
200,000
m3
of
water.
建好了9个这样的冰窖后，诺菲尔预测他已经储存了大约20万立方米的水。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She
lied
with
cold
________
(calculate)．
②Thomas
was
a
cold
and
________
(calculate)
guy.
③She
carries
a
pocket
________
(calculate)
everywhere.
④We
calculated
________
an
early
start.
[词块积累] depend
on依靠，指望；reply
on依靠，指望
Discover
Useful
Structures
Grammar——复习被动语态及不定式的被动式
[新知导引]
诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性
1．Some
trees
were
planted
by
the
river.
2．The
task
will
be
finished
next
year.
3．Tow
is
considered
as
a
good
student.
4．He
was
heard
singing.
5．The
boy
has
been
taken
to
Beijing.
6．The
house
is
said
to
have
been
built
last
century.
7．The
injured
were
taken
to
hospital.
8．Did
it
need
to
be
done
so
soon?
9．There
was
business
to
be
taken
care
of.
10．I'm
pleased
to
have
been
given
this
opportunity.
[共性呈现]
1．所有画线部分都含有被动意义
2．句1,2,3,4,5,7为被动语态；句6,8,9,10为不定式的被动式
[语法精释]
1．复习被动语态
语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态：主动语态(active
voice)和被动语态(passive
voice)。当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语用主动语态；当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。
请仔细看下面两个例句，体会主动语态与被动语态的区别。
The
lady
in
red
attracted
Tom.穿红色衣服的那位女士吸引了汤姆(该句为主动语态，主语The
lady是动作attract的执行者。)
Tom
was
attracted
by
the
lady
in
red.汤姆被那位穿红色衣服的女士吸引了。(该句为被动语态，主语Tom是动作attract的承受者。)
(1)被动语态的构成
被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be动词随主语的人称、数、时态和语气而变化。
常用时态
被动形式
一般现在时
am/is/are
done
一般过去时
was/were
done
一般将来时
shall/will
be
done
现在进行时
am/is/are
being
done
过去进行时
was/were
being
done
现在完成时
have/has
been
done
过去完成时
had
been
done
?English
is
spoken
by
many
people.
很多人都说英语。
?The
foreign
guests
were
given
a
warm
welcome
by
the
children.
外国来宾受到了孩子们的热烈欢迎。
?Several
big
modern
power
plants
will
be
built
in
our
city.
我市将建造几座大型现代化发电厂。
?The
main
building
of
Shanghai
Jiao
Tong
University
is
being
repaired
by
the
workers.
工人们正在维修上海交通大学的主楼。
?My
car
was
being
fixed
by
him
at
six
yesterday.
昨天六点钟他正在修理我的汽车。
?English
has
been
studied
by
us
for
three
years
at
school.
我们已经在学校学习了三年英语。
?100
tractors
had
been
produced
by
the
end
of
last
year.
截至去年年底，我们已经生产了100辆拖拉机。
[特别注意] ①含情态动词的被动结构为：情态动词＋be
done。②被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词后加not。
?The
project
hasn't
been
finished
yet.
这项工程还没有完成。
?Measures
will
not
be
taken
to
prevent
corrosion.
(我们)将不再采取措施来防止腐蚀。
(2)被动语态的基本用法
①说话人所要表达的语义重心是动作的承受者且没有必要提到执行者时，常用被动语态。
⑩English
lessons
are
being
broadcast
on
the
radio
now.
现在收音机上正在播英语课。
This
product
can't
be
on
sale
unless
it
has
been
tested
out.
除非经过测试，否则这个产品是不可以销售的。
In
l976
King
Kongs
unfortunate
story
was
retold
with
a
man
in
a
suit
with
makeup
and
a
robot.
1976年金刚令人惋惜的故事再次被搬上银幕，由真人穿上猩猩装，外加化妆技术并一起和机器模型来呈现。
②不太清楚动作的执行者是谁，或者不便道出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态。
This
bridge
was
built
in
the
18th
century.
这座桥建于18世纪。
The
reporters
were
told
not
to
enter
that
area.
记者被告知不要进入那片区域。
[知识拓展] 使用被动语态时也可以说出动作的执行者，用“by＋动作执行者”表示。
My
sister
and
I
were
recommended
to
sell
books
as
a
summer
job
by
a
friend.我和姐姐被一个朋友建议去参加卖书的暑期工作。
(3)常见的被动语态句式结构
①主语＋被动语态的谓语动词＋其他成分
Customers
are
asked
to
make
sure
that
they
have
been
given
the
right
change
before
leaving
the
shop.顾客们被要求在离开商店之前确认收银员找对了零钱。
The
construction
of
the
two
new
railway
lines
has
been
completed.
这两条新铁路线的建设已经完成了。
[特别注意] 如果主语后面加了短语动词的被动语态，一定要保证短语动词的整体性，不能漏掉搭配中的介词或副词。
Look!
The
children
are
being
taken
care
of
by
their
aunt.
看！这些孩子们正被他们的阿姨照顾着。(of不可省略)
Other
solutions
were
talked
about
in
the
meeting.
其他解决方案在会上被讨论了。(about不可省略)
②主语＋被动语态的谓语动词＋主语补足语
当“动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，原来的宾语变成了被动结构中的主语，原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。
We
elected
James
(as)
chairman.我们选了詹姆斯当主席。(主动语态)
James
was
elected
(as)
chairman
by
us.詹姆斯被我们选为主席。(被动语态)
[特别注意] 主动句中的宾补如果是省略to的动词不定式，变成被动句后，to必须还原，不能省略。
Someone
saw
a
stranger
walk
into
the
building.
有人看见一个陌生人走进了大楼。(主动语态)
A
stranger
was
seen
to
walk
into
the
building.
一个陌生人被看到走进了大楼。(被动语态)
③It＋被动语态的谓语动词＋主语从句
常见的结构有：It
is
suggested
that...,
It
is
said
that...,
It
is
reported
that...,
It
is
known
to
us
that...,
It
is
believed
that...,
It
must
be
pointed
out
that...,
It
is
acknowledged
that...等。
It
is
believed
that
he
will
pass
the
examination.
人们相信他会通过考试。(该句话还可以换成：He
is
believed
to
pass
the
examination.)
It
must
be
pointed
out
that
mistakes
of
this
kind
should
not
be
repeated.必须指出，这样的错误不应该再犯。
[即学即练1] 同义句转换/单句语法填空
①The
country
has
to
pass
laws
to
protect
children
from
being
abused.
→Laws
____________________________
to
protect
children
from
being
abused.
②Flashing
lights
and
the
sea
of
faces
surrounded
two
pairs
of
dancers
on
a
round
stage.
→Two
pairs
of
dancers
on
a
round
stage
________________________
flashing
lights
and
the
sea
of
faces.
③Don't
be
anxious,
and
they
will
tell
you
where
to
go
later.
→Don't
be
anxious,
and
you
________________________
where
to
go
by
them
later.
④In
order
to
protect
the
environment,
the
government
has
taken
action.
→Action
______________________________
by
the
government
in
order
to
protect
the
environment.
⑤Generally
speaking,
cycling,
along
with
jogging
and
swimming,
________________
(regard)
as
one
of
the
best
all?round
forms
of
exercise.
⑥Steam
engines
________________
(use)
to
pull
the
carriages
and
it
must
have
been
fairly
unpleasant
for
the
passengers,
with
all
the
smoke
and
noise.
⑦More
efforts,
as
reported,
________________
(make)
in
the
years
ahead
to
accelerate
reform.
⑧They
are
living
with
their
friends
because
their
own
house
________________
(paint)．
⑨This
science
fiction
________________
(translate)
into
many
languages
so
far.
⑩In
the
1950s
in
the
USA,
most
families
had
just
one
phone
at
home,
and
wireless
phones
had
not
________________
(invent)
yet.
?It
________________
(report)
that
he
was
driving
carelessly
at
that
time.
?The
bad
weather
will
continue,
when
a
cold
front
________________
(expect)
to
arrive.
?Shakespeare's
play
Hamlet
________________
(make)
into
at
least
ten
different
films
over
the
past
years.
?It
is
said
that
the
early
European
playing
cards
________________
(design)
for
entertainment
and
education.
?Red,
orange
and
yellow
________________
(consider)
“warm”
colours
while
blue,
green
and
purple
are
“cool”．
?On
the
last
day
of
our
week?long
stay,
we
______________
(invite)
to
attend
a
private
concert
on
a
beautiful
farm
on
the
North
Shore
under
the
stars,
listening
to
musicians
and
meeting
interesting
locals.
2．不定式的被动式
当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形式根据其与谓语动词所表示的动作发生的先后顺序，有一般式和完成式两种形式。
(1)一般式to
be
done
?These
are
the
books
to
be
given
out
to
the
students.
这些是要发给学生的书。
?He
asked
to
be
sent
to
the
place
where
he
was
most
needed.
他要求被派往最需要他的地方。
(2)完成式to
have
been
done
to
have
been
done表示不定式的动作先于谓语动词的动作发生。
?The
novel
is
said
to
have
been
translated
into
many
languages.
据说这部小说已被译成多种语言。
?He
appeared
to
have
been
questioned
for
many
times.
看来他已经被询问过很多次了。
[即学即练2] 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
①She
didn't
want
________________
(treat)
like
a
child.
②It
is
an
honour
for
me
________________
(ask)
to
speak
here.
③I'd
like
________________
(inform)
of
the
process
of
your
dealing
with
my
complaint.
④He
hurried
to
the
airport,
only
________________
(find)
the
star
had
left.
⑤He
hurried
to
the
airport,
only
________________
(tell)
the
star
had
left.
⑥It
took
a
long
time
for
the
new
school
________________
(build)．
⑦It
took
the
workers
a
long
time
________________
(build)
the
new
school.
⑧It
is
said
that
another
TV
play
is
________________
(write)
next
month.
⑨The
telephone
is
considered
________________
(invent)
by
Alexander
Bell.
Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．When
they
got
home
they
found
that
their
house
________________
(break)
into
and
a
lot
of
valuable
things
stolen.
2．—Hi,
Li
Ping,
can
I
use
your
computer
for
a
while
this
afternoon?
—Sorry.
It
________________
(repair)．
3．I
don't
think
the
sentence
is
easy
________________
(understand)．
4．I
need
at
least
five
stamps
before
my
collection
________________
(complete)．
5．It
is
the
first
time
that
he
________________
(bite)
by
a
dog.
6．The
flowers
were
so
lovely
that
they
________________
(sell)
in
no
time.
7．My
money
________________
(run)
out.
I
must
go
to
the
bank
to
draw
some
of
my
savings
out
before
I've
none
in
hand.
8．Which
driver
was
________________
(blame)
for
the
accident?
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．现在这本书已经被全世界的使用者下载。
The
book
________________________________
by
users
from
around
the
globe.
2．有人看见一个人走进屋子，并且听到他发布命令。
A
man
________________________
the
house,
and
he
________________________
some
orders.
3．那位教授来到我校并受到师生们的热烈欢迎。
The
professor
came
to
our
school
and
________________________________.
4．你给我拿条长凳来坐好吗？
Would
you
bring
me
a
bench
________________________？
5．在没有许可的情况下，我儿子不能使用这台电脑。
My
son
________________________________
the
computer
without
permission.
6．你的故事同听说的一样。
Your
story
agrees
with
what
________________________.
Section
Ⅱ Learning
About
Language
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇及拓展
1．rumour 2.presume 3.fare 4.gramme
(gram) 5.flour 6.venue 7.salesman 8.alien 9.weekly daily monthly yearly/annual 10.calculate calculation calculating calculator 11.chairwoman chairman 12.on
a．..basis
Ⅱ.核心词汇讲解
1．①is
based ②on/upon ③Our
policy
should
be
based
on
self?reliance./Our
policy
should
be
established
on
the
basis
of
self?reliance. ④We're
going
to/will
meet
there
on
a
regular
basis.
2．①calculation ②calculating ③calculator ④on
Discover
Useful
Structures
Grammar——复习被动语态及不定式的被动式
语法精讲·难点透析
1．①have
to
be
passed ②were
surrounded
by ③will
be
told ④has
been
taken ⑤is
regarded ⑥were
used ⑦will
be
made ⑧is
being
painted ⑨has
been
translated ⑩been
invented ?is
reported ?is
expected ?has
been
made ?were
designed ?are
considered ?were
invited
2．①to
be
treated ②to
be
asked ③to
be
informed ④to
find ⑤to
be
told ⑥to
be
built ⑦to
build ⑧to
be
written ⑨to
have
been
invented
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．had
been
broken 2.is
being
repaired 3.to
understand 4.is
completed 5.has
been
bitten 6.were
sold 7.is
running 8.to
blame
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．has
been
downloaded 2.was
seen
to
enter was
heard
to
give 3.was
welcomed
by
the
teachers
and
students 4.to
sit
on 5.is
not
allowed
to
use 6.had
already
been
heard
-
6
-Unit
1
Science
Fiction
Section
Ⅳ Writing——写科幻短故事
[技法指导]
1．文体介绍
科幻短故事类作文多是作者根据已有的生活经验和知识，发挥想象力，构思出从未经历过的故事情节或描绘从未见过的生活图景，进而创作出富有想象力的科幻故事。文章中多使用修辞手法来展开故事情节，描写人物心情。此类作文要求学生不但有较强的语言能力，而且要有广阔的思维空间。
2．写作指导
(1)文章的要素
故事类文章的要素有时间、地点、人物、事件，事件又包括它的起因、经过和结果。从英语角度来说，我们通常用五个“W”(what，who，when，where，why)和一个“H”(how)来表示。
(2)文章的结构
故事类文章和记叙文一样，通常由三部分组成：第一部分为开头，要把时间、地点、人物等因素交代清楚；第二部分为主体，主要描述事件的发生、发展、高潮；第三部分为结尾，阐述事件的结局、人物命运或作者对此事的感受或看法等。文章的写作应当目的明确、条理清楚、层次分明、详略得当、语言简练、形象生动并具有一定的感彩。
(3)人称
一个故事可用第一人称来叙述，也可用第三人称。用第一人称会令文章生动、形象，给读者以身临其境的感觉。
(4)叙述的顺序
故事性文章应以叙事为主，即以事件发生、发展的过程来写，使整个文章串联起来。叙事的顺序一般有以下两种：顺叙和倒叙。顺叙多是按照事件发生、发展的先后顺序进行叙述，一般以时间推移为线索，在文章的开头就交代出事件发生的时间、地点和人物。而倒叙多以事件的结局作为文章的开端，然后再按事件发生、发展的先后顺序进行叙述。写作过程中还要注意选择正确的时态，语言简练明晰且紧密围绕主题。
3．常用表达
在编写故事时可以使用修辞手法，使语言更加生动形象。
(1)simile(明喻)
My
love
is
like
a
red,
red
rose.—Robert
Burns
我的爱人像朵红红的玫瑰。——罗伯特·彭斯
(2)metaphor(暗喻)
①Hope
is
a
good
breakfast,
but
it
is
a
bad
supper.
希望是顿美好的早餐，但却是一顿糟糕的晚餐。
②Some
books
are
to
be
tasted,
others
to
be
swallowed,
and
some
few
to
be
chewed
and
digested.
一些书需要“浅尝辄止”地阅读，另一些需要“狼吞虎咽”般地阅读；很少一部分需要“细嚼慢咽”地阅读。
(3)overstatement(夸张)
①I
beg
a
thousand
pardons.我千百次地祈求宽恕。
②You
are
the
whole
world
to
me,
and
the
moon
and
the
stars.你对我而言如同全世界，如同明月，如同繁星。
③When
she
heard
the
bad
news，a
river
of
tears
poured
out.
当她听到这个噩耗时，眼泪像决了堤的河水般奔涌而出。
(4)
personification(拟人)
①The
night
gently
lays
her
hand
at
our
fevered
heads.夜晚温柔地平复着我们狂热的头脑。
②I
was
very
happy
and
could
hear
the
birds
singing
in
the
woods.我很开心，还听到鸟儿在树林中唱歌。
(5)pun(双关)
①An
ambassador
is
an
honest
man
who
lies
abroad
for
the
good
of
his
country.大使就是一个诚实的人，却为了自己国家的利益在国外撒谎。
②If
we
don't
hang
together,
we
shall
hang
separately.
如果我们不团结，就只能分别上吊去了。
[精品展示]
你校英语俱乐部将举办主题为“我的时光机器”的英语故事分享活动。请根据以下要点，发挥自己的想象力，用英语写一篇小故事。
要点如下：
1．时光机器的样子与功能；
2．你乘坐时光机去了哪里，发生了什么，感受如何？
注意：
1．词数150左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[审题谋篇]
第一步：明确要求
该写作属于科幻故事写作，主要描写有关“我的时光机器”的故事，以一般过去时为主
第二步：确定段落
第一段：介绍我的时光机器的外部形状以及作用
第二段：介绍时光机器和我的故事(内容多可分为两段)
第三段：对未来的展望
第三步：提炼要点
1．________________
看起来像
2．________________
通往
3．________________
发出
4．________________
经过，经历
5．________________
以快节奏
6．________________
随着高科技的发展
第四步：句式升级
1．当我睁开眼睛时，我来到了一个全新的漂浮城市里，它坐落在一个人造岛上，几乎完全被植被覆盖着。
(一般表达)When
I
opened
my
eyes,
I
arrived
in
a
brand?new
floating
city.
It
was
located
on
a
man?made
island
and
was
almost
entirely
covered
in
the
vegetation.
(高级表达)________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
2．在这个城市里，机器人随处可见，人们以一种快节奏忙碌地工作着。
(一般表达)In
this
city,
robots
were
easy
to
see
everywhere
and
people
were
working
busily
at
a
rapid
pace.
(高级表达)________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
[连句成篇]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Section
Ⅳ Writing——写科幻短故事
[审题谋篇]
第三步
1．look
like 2.lead
to 3.give
out 4.go
through 5.at
a
rapid
pace 6.with
high
technology
developing
第四步
1．When
I
opened
my
eyes,
I
arrived
in
a
brand?new
floating
city,
located
on
a
man?made
island,
which
was
almost
entirely
covered
in
the
vegetation.
2．In
this
city
where
robots
were
easy
to
see
everywhere,
people
were
working
busily
at
a
rapid
pace.
[连句成篇]
参考范文：
My
time
machine
looks
like
a
crystal
ball
with
two
buttons.
One
can
lead
to
the
prehistoric
period
and
the
other
one
can
lead
to
the
future.
One
day,
after
I
pressed
the
button
to
the
future,
the
time
machine
gave
out
colourful
rays,
and
carried
me
into
the
time
tunnel.
Overwhelmed
with
excitement
and
nervousness,
I
closed
my
eyes
tightly
and
held
my
hands
firmly.
I
wondered
what
the
future
city
would
look
like?
When
I
opened
my
eyes,
I
arrived
in
a
brand?new
floating
city,
located
on
a
man?made
island,
which
was
almost
entirely
covered
in
the
vegetation.
In
the
city,
many
strange
carriage—like
small
planes
were
floating
above
the
ground.
When
I
drove
one
to
visit
the
city,
I
felt
I
went
through
a
beautiful
garden.
There
was
a
huge
tower
in
the
city
centre
acting
both
as
work
place
and
housing
for
its
citizens.
The
city
used
solar,
wind
and
wave
power
to
keep
it
functioning
and
used
its
large
gardens
to
supply
food.
In
this
city
where
robots
were
easy
to
see
everywhere,
people
were
working
busily
at
a
rapid
pace
and
AI,
of
course,
became
helpful
assistants.
After
hanging
around
the
city
for
several
hours,
the
time
machine
transported
me
back
to
reality.
It
sounds
a
little
fancy
but
in
my
opinion,
with
high
technology
developing,
our
society
will
become
more
and
more
intelligent.
-
4
-Unit
1
Science
Fiction
Section
Ⅲ Using
Language
&
Assessing
Your
Progress
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．________
adj.
更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的
2．________
n.
劳动(者)；体力劳动
vi.
奋斗；努力工作
3．leather
n.
________________
[pl.]
________________
4．panel
n.
________________
5．inch
n.
________________
6．________
adv.
向后；倒着；往回
7．________
n.
侄女；外甥女
8．________
vt.
(去)拿来；(去)请来
9．handkerchief
n.
________________
10．________
n.
灯；台灯
11．________n.
速度；步伐；节奏
vt.
&
vi.
确定速度；调整节奏
12．________adj.
随机的；不可思议的
13．________vi.
&
vt.
爆炸；爆破
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________
n．无行动；不采取措施→________
n．行动；活动→________
n．反应；回应
2．________
n．分开；分隔；差异；除(法)→________
v．(使)分开，分散
3．________
adj.最大极限的
n．最大量；最大限度→________
adj.最低的；最小的
n．最小值
4．________
n．泥；泥浆→________
adj.泥泞的
5．________
n．强烈的欲望；冲动
vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→________
adj.紧急的；迫切的→________
n．紧急；催促；紧急的事
Ⅲ.阅读词汇
1．blurred
adj.
________________
2．lever
n.
________________
3．________
vt.
&
vi.
紧握；抓紧
4．hazy
adj.
________________
5．puff
n.
________________
6．jolt
n.
________________
vt.
&
vi.
________________
7．flip
vt.
&
vi.
________________
8．stun
vt.
________________
9．overstatement
n.
________________
Ⅳ.重点短语
1．superior
________
比……更好；更胜一筹
2．take
________
占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
3．conflict
________
与……冲突或抵触
4．turn
________
关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
5．fall
________
(逐渐)减少；消失
6．have
an
________
to
do
sth.
有强烈的欲望做某事
Ⅴ.重点句型
1．就在今天十点钟，第一台时光机器开始运行了。
________________
at
ten
o'clock
today
________
the
first
of
all
Time
Machines
began
its
career.
2．黑夜来临了，就好像一盏灯被熄灭了一样，又过了一会儿，白天来临了。
Night
came
________________
a
lamp
was
being
turned
out,
and
in
another
moment
came
the
day.
根据课文(P8～P9)内容判断正误(T/F)
1．He
gave
it
a
last
check,
and
sat
himself
in
the
leather
seat.( )
2．His
niece
came
in
to
fetch
something
and
saw
him.( )
3．It
is
hard
to
explain
the
strange
and
unpleasant
feeling
of
time
travelling.( )
4．As
his
pace
grew
faster,
the
walls
of
the
laboratory
fell
away,
and
he
was
left
in
the
open
air.( )
?第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1.superior
adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的
be
superior
to
比……优越(to为介词)
be
inferior
to
比……低级
be
senior
to
比……年长；比……地位高
be
junior
to
比……年轻；比……地位低
?He
works
in
a
company
that
supplies
superior
wines
to
the
restaurant
trade.
他在一家为餐饮业提供上等葡萄酒的公司里工作。
?Tsinghua
University
and
Peking
University
are
clearly
superior
to
other
universities
in
China.
很明显，在中国，清华大学和北京大学要优于其他大学。
?Modern
music
is
often
considered
to
be
inferior
to
that
of
the
past.
现代音乐常被认为不如过去的音乐。
?He
is
also
a
diplomat,
but
senior
to
me.他也是一名外交官，但资历比我深。
名师点津：
superior,
inferior和senior这几个词作形容词时，没有比较级和最高级；表示“比某人/某物……”时，通常与介词to搭配，而不与介词than搭配。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①我比他大三岁，而你比他小三岁。
I
am
three
years
________________
him
while
you
are
three
years
________________
him.
②这些桔子没我上星期买的好。
These
oranges
________________
I
bought
last
week.
2.take
over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
take
up
占去(时间/空间)；从事……；拿起；改短(衣服)
take
off
脱(衣服)；起飞；成名
take
in
吸收；领会；包含；收留(某人)
take
on
呈现；雇用
take
down
记下；取下；拆除
?Would
you
like
me
to
take
over
the
driving
for
a
while？我替你开会儿车怎么样？
?CBS
Records
was
taken
over
by
Sony.
哥伦比亚广播公司的唱片公司已被索尼公司收购。
?Helen
always
helps
her
mother
even
though
her
studies
take
up
most
of
her
day.
尽管学业占用了海伦一天中的大部分时间，她还总是帮助妈妈。
?She
took
off
my
wet
coat
and
made
me
sit
by
the
fire.
她脱下我的湿外套，让我在火炉旁坐下。
?Her
singing
career
took
off
after
her
TV
appearance.
她在电视上亮相后，歌唱事业迅速发展。
?Fish
take
in
oxygen
through
their
gills.鱼用鳃吸取氧气。
?Halfway
through
the
chapter
I
realized
I
hadn't
taken
anything
in.
这一章我读到一半才意识到我根本没有看懂。
?The
chameleon
can
take
on
the
colours
of
its
background.
变色龙可以变成周围环境的颜色。
?I
can't
take
on
any
extra
work.
我不能承担任何额外的工作。
高考助记：
①It
was
several
minutes
before
I
could
take
in
what
he
was
saying.
过了好几分钟，我才理解他说的是什么。
②Many
business
started
up
by
college
students
have
taken
off
thanks
to
the
comfortable
climate
for
business
creation.
由于良好的创业环境，大学生开办的许多公司已有起色。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We
tried
to
find
a
table
for
seven,
but
they
were
all
taken
________.
②Briggs
will
take
________
as
the
general
manager
when
Mitchell
retires.
③Shortly
after
suffering
from
a
massive
earthquake
and
being
reduced
to
ruins,
the
city
took
________
a
new
look.
④The
house
I
lived
in
when
I
was
small
has
been
taken
________
and
replaced
by
an
office
building.
3.conflict
vi.(思想、信仰、说法等)冲突，抵触 n．冲突；争执；争论；抵触；矛盾；不一致
conflict
with...
与……冲突，抵触
in
conflict
(with...)
(与……)有冲突，有抵触
come
into
conflict
with
和……冲突，与……有分歧
?These
results
conflict
with
earlier
findings.
这些结果与早期的发现相矛盾。
?Many
of
these
rules
appear
to
be
in
conflict
with
each
other.
这些规则中有许多看上去似乎是相互矛盾的。
?She
often
comes
into
conflict
with
her
mother?in?law.
她经常与婆婆发生争执。
语境助记：
Nowadays,
many
teenagers'
opinions
conflict
with
their
parents.
That's
why
they
are
often
in
conflict
with
each
other.
现今，许多青少年的观点与父母的观点不一致，这就是为什么他们总是有冲突的原因。
[即学即练] 选词填空(in
conflict
with,
conflict
with)/翻译句子
①Their
opinion
on
the
accident
________________
ours.
②She
found
herself
________________
her
parents
over
her
future
career.
③约翰经常和他的老板发生冲突。(come
into
conflict)
________________________________________________________________________
④你应避免与你的邻居们冲突。(conflict
with)
________________________________________________________________________
4.turn
out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是；制造，生产
turn
up
调大；出现
turn
down
调小；拒绝
turn
to
转向；求助于
turn
on
打开
turn
off
关掉
turn
in
上交；交还
?The
factory
turns
out
10,000
computers
per
week.
这家工厂每周生产10
000台电脑。
?It
turned
out
that
his
brother
died
of
a
heart
attack.
原来他的兄弟死于心脏病发作。
?He
promised
he
would
come,
but
he
hasn't
turned
up
yet.
他承诺会来，但他还没有露面。
?She
turned
down
the
job
offer
because
she
wanted
more
money.
她拒绝了那份工作，因为她想要更高的工资。
?Before
this
I
should
have
smiled
and
turned
her
down.
在这之前，我本该笑着拒绝她。
?I
don't
know
who
to
turn
to.
我不知道向谁求助。
?I
want
to
turn
on
the
television.
我想打开电视。
?The
light
is
a
bit
too
harsh.
You
can
turn
it
off.灯光有点太刺眼了。你可以把灯关掉。
?I
went
back
to
the
station?house
to
turn
in
my
badge
and
gun.
我回到警局，交还了我的警徽和佩枪。
特别提示：
turn
out当“结果是”讲时通常用于中
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You
must
turn
________
your
equipment
before
you
leave
the
army.
②I
can't
hear
the
radio
very
well.
Could
you
turn
it
________
a
bit?
③The
experiment
turned
________
to
be
a
great
success.
④He
tried
to
join
the
army
but
was
turned
________
because
of
poor
health.
⑤The
child
turned
________
his
mother
for
comfort.
⑥It's
getting
dark.
Please
turn
________
the
light.
5.pace
n．速度；步伐；节奏；步速；一步 vt.
&
vi.确定速度；调整节奏；来回踱步，走来走去
pace
of...
……的速度
keep
pace
with
sth./sb.
与某物/某人步伐一致，并驾齐驱
at
a/an...pace
以……的速度
?The
runners
have
noticeably
quickened
their
pace.
赛跑者明显加快了脚步。
?Traffic
jams
frequently
reduce
traffic
to
walking
pace.
交通阻塞经常把车流的速度降低得如同步行一样缓慢。
?We
have
adjusted
ourselves
to
the
pace
of
the
life.
我们已经使自己适应了生活的节奏。
?She
walks
so
fast
that
I
can't
keep
pace
with
her.她走得如此快，我跟不上她。
?As
they
waited,
Kravis
paced
the
room
nervously.
在他们等待的时候克拉维斯在屋里不安地踱来踱去。
?It
was
a
tough
race
and
I
had
to
pace
myself.
这是场艰苦的比赛，我不得不控制好自己的节奏。
名师点津：
近义词辨析：
①speed
n．速度，速率
普通用词，指交通工具等运动的速率或事情发生的速度。
The
train
went
by
at
high
speed.
火车疾驶而过。
②pace
n．步速，速度
指人步行的速度。
He
quickened
his
pace.
他加快了步伐。
③rate
n．速度，速率
常指某事在一段时间内发生的速度，可与speed换用。
His
money
was
running
out
at
an
alarming
rate/speed.
他的钱用的很快，速度惊人。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He'd
only
gone
a
few
________(pace)
before
he
stopped
again.
②Many
people
were
not
satisfied
with
the
pace
________
reform.
③Farmers
are
angry
because
the
price
rise
fails
to
keep
pace
________
inflation
(通货膨胀)．
④The
train
was
moving
now
________
a
snail's
pace.
6.urge
n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐
(1)
催促某人做某事
urge
that...(should)
do
sth.
极力主张；强调……
It
is
urged
that...(should)
do
sth.
坚决要求……
(2)urgent
adj.
紧急的；迫切的
(3)urgency
n.
紧迫；急事
?Our
teacher
urges
us
to
study
hard
with
the
College
Entrance
Examination
drawing
near.
随着高考的临近，老师敦促我们努力学习。
?It
is
strongly
urged
by
students
that
the
library
(should)
be
kept
open
during
the
weekend.
学生们极力主张图书馆周末也开放。
?It's
of
great
urgency
that
we
need
to
make
the
relative
laws
with
the
rapid
growth
of
online
shopping.
随着网上购物的迅速发展，我们急需制定相关的法律。
高考助记：
Having
enough
fat
and
salt
in
your
meals
will
reduce
the
urge
to
snack
between
meals.吃饭时摄入充足的脂肪和盐会减少两餐之间想吃零食的欲望。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①They
urged
that
the
Science
Museum
________
(keep)
open
during
the
vacation.
②He
urged
me
________
(accept)
his
suggestion.
他要求我们立即采取行动。
③________________________________________________________________________
④________________________________________________________________________
⑤________________________________________________________________________
?第二版块|重点句型解构
1.(教材P8)It
was
at
ten
o'clock
today
that
the
first
of
all
Time
Machines
began
its
career.就在今天十点钟，第一台时光机器开始运行了。
[句式分析] 本句中用到了强调句式
为了突出句子中的某一部分，我们通常会使用强调句，英语中表示强调时有一个很重要的句型：It
is/was...that/who...，可以强调除谓语以外的句子成分，如主语、宾语、时间状语、地点状语等；强调人时，用who和that均可，其他情况用that。
?It
was
they
that/who
cleaned
the
classroom
yesterday.
昨天是他们打扫的教室。(强调主语)
?It
was
in
the
small
house
that
he
spent
his
childhood.
他就是在这所小房子里度过了他的童年时代。(强调地点状语)
特别提示：
①要判断一句话是否是强调句，只需要把It
is/was和that/who去掉，如果去掉后句子依然成立，即句子的结构和语义均完整，则该句就是强调句，反之就不是。
②It
is/was
not
until...that...是一种特殊的强调句型。
It
was
not
until
she
took
off
her
dark
glasses
that
I
realised
she
was
a
famous
film
star.直到她摘下墨镜，我才意识到她是一位著名的电影明星。
[即学即练] 翻译句子
①昨天我母亲就是在街上遇到了汤姆。
________________________________________________________________________
②正是闪电造成了去年那场森林火灾。
________________________________________________________________________
③直到我朋友告诉我，我才知道真相。
________________________________________________________________________
2.(教材P8)Night
came
as
if
a
lamp
was
being
turned
out,
and
in
another
moment
came
the
day.
夜幕降临，仿佛一盏灯熄灭了，转眼间，白昼降临了。
[句式分析] (1)as
if＝as
though意为“仿佛；好像”，引导表语从句。常放在be,
look,
seem,
sound,
smell,
feel等系动词之后。
(2)as
if引导状语从句。当说话人认为从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生(存在)的情况时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，结构如下：
与现在事实相反
从句谓语动词用过去时(be动词用were)
与过去事实相反
从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had
done)
与将来事实相反
从句谓语动词用would/could/might
do
?Hurry
up!
It
looks
as
if
the
train
is
going
to
move.
快点！看起来火车要开了。
?It
was
John
who
broke
the
window.
Why
are
you
talking
to
me
as
if
I
had
done
it?
打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的？
?A
young
couple
in
a
boat
were
eating,
talking
and
laughing
loudly
as
if
they
were
the
only
people
in
the
world.
一对年轻夫妇坐在船上吃着东西，说着话，大笑着，好像他们是这世界上仅有的人。
?He
opened
his
mouth
as
if
he
would
say
something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
特别提示：
(1)如果as
if/as
though从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句谓语动词含有be动词，则可省略从句的主语和be动词。
He
acted
as
though
(he
were)
a
fool.
他表现得像个傻瓜。
(2)as
if/as
though后还可直接跟现在分词、过去分词、不定式及其他短语，实际上也是从句省略形式。
如：①He
opened
his
mouth
as
if
to
say
something.
他张开嘴，好像要说什么。
②The
football
player
is
rolling
on
the
ground
as
if
hurt
badly
in
the
leg.
那位足球运动员在地上滚来滚去，好像是腿部受了重伤。
③The
boy
is
running
impatiently
here
and
there
as
if
searching
for
something
lost
on
the
sports
ground.
这个男孩急躁地跑来跑去，好像是在找丢在操场上的什么东西。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①She
loves
the
boy
as
though/as
if
she
________
(be)
his
mother.
②He
talked
about
the
moon
as
if/as
though
he
________
(be)
there.
③我童年的一切一下子都涌进了我的脑海，仿佛刚刚发生的一样。
Everything
in
my
childhood
crowded
upon
my
mind
________________________________________.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It
is
difficult
to
keep
up
with
the
rapid
________
(步伐)
of
change.
2．The
law
provides
for
a
________
(最大限度)
of
two
years
in
prison.
3．I
got
up,
went
to
________
(去拿来)
the
book
from
my
bedroom
and
handed
it
to
him.
4．As
she
stepped
________
(向后),
she
fell
onto
her
knees,
then
onto
her
face.
5．The
frightened
wife
________
(抓紧)
her
husband's
arm.
6．He
________
(力劝，催促)
me
to
go
there,
but
I
refused.
7．It
is
universally
acknowledged
that
girls
are
________
(优秀的)
to
boys
in
learning
foreign
languages.
8．The
bomb
must
________
(爆炸)
within
less
than
a
millionth
of
a
second.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．After
his
defeat,
many
of
his
supporters
fell
________.
2．Manette
stood
aside
with
the
lamp
in
his
hand
as
if
he
________
(be)
a
statue.
3．He
has
made
it
clear
that
he
won't
take
________
the
job.
4．Many
of
these
ideas
appear
to
be
in
conflict
________
each
other.
5．Tom
had
to
turn
________
the
invitation
to
the
party
last
weekend
because
he
was
too
busy.
6．The
________
(divide)
of
Europe
into
countries
is
the
result
of
its
complicated
history.
7．He
urged
us
________
(give)
advice
immediately
to
make
the
person
feel
better.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．这份报告呼吁教所有的儿童游泳。
The
report
urged
that
all
children
________________________________________.
2．他英语讲得就好像之前在英国学习过似的。
He
speaks
English
as
if
________________________
in
England
before.
3．他离开以后，他以前的助手接管了他的工作。
His
former
assistant
________________________
after
his
departure.
4．出乎意料，那天天气特别好。
Unexpectedly,
the
weather
________________________
that
day.
5．这两则报道相冲突，所以我不知道该相信哪一则。
The
two
reports
________________________，
so
I
didn't
know
which
to
believe.
Section
Ⅲ Using
Language
&
Assessing
Your
Progress新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．superior 2.labour 3.皮革 皮衣；皮外套 4.控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组 5.英寸(长度单位，等于2.54厘米) 6.backwards 7.niece 8.fetch 9.手帕；纸巾 10.lamp 11.pace 12.random 13.explode
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．inaction action reaction 2.division divide 3.maximum minimum 4.mud muddy 5.urge urgent urgency
Ⅲ.阅读词汇
1．模糊不清的；难以区分的 2.操纵杆；杠杆 3.grip 4.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的 5.(烟、气等的)一缕；少量；喘息 6.震动；摇晃；颠簸 (使)震动；摇晃 7.(使)快速翻转；(用手指)轻抛 8.使震惊；使昏迷 9.夸大；夸张
Ⅳ.重点短语
1．to 2.over 3.with 4.out 5.away 6.urge
Ⅴ.重点句型
1．It
was;
that 2.as
if
文本研析·语篇理解
1．T 2.F 3.T 4.F
核心突破·互动探究
?第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．①senior
to junior
to ②are
inferior
to
those
2．①up ②over ③on ④down
3．①conflicted
with ②in
conflict
with ③John
often
comes
into
conflict
with
his
boss. ④You
should
avoid
conflicting
with
your
neighbors.
4．①in ②up ③out ④down ⑤to ⑥on
5．①paces ②of ③with ④at
6．①(should)
be
kept ②to
accept ③He
urged
us
to
take
an
immediate
action. ④He
urged
us
into
taking
an
immediate
action. ⑤He
urged
that
we
(should)
take
an
immediate
action.
?第二版块|重点句型解构
1．①It
was
in
the
street
that
my
mother
met
Tom
yesterday. ②It
was
lighting
that
caused
the
forest
fire
last
year. ③It
was
not
until
my
friend
told
me
that
I
knew
the
truth.
2．①were ②had
been ③as
if/as
though
they
had
just
happened
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．pace 2.maximum 3.fetch 4.backwards 5.gripped 6.urged 7.superior 8.explode
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．away 2.were 3.over 4.with 5.down 6.division 7.to
give
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．(should)
be
taught
to
swim 2.he
had
studied
it 3.took
over
his
work 4.turned
out
(to
be)
pretty
nice 5.conflicted
with/came
into
conflict
with
each
other
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7
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