Unit
3 Sea
Exploration
无法抗拒之“暖”——与海洋酸化相比，日益上升的气温是对珊瑚更为直接的威胁。珊瑚，尤其是热带珊瑚，适应气候的能力较弱，极易受到海水表面高温的伤害。当海水温度升高时，与珊瑚共生的藻类就会大量离开，成片的彩色珊瑚因此会变得像骨头一样惨白，而后很快死去，这种现象被称为珊瑚白化或“白色瘟疫”。
Coral
Reefs:
the
First
Indicator
of
Climate
Change
Here
in
the
northern
Red
Sea
in
the
Bay
of
Aqaba,
Israeli
scientists
have
discovered
something
extraordinary.
Despite
higher
water
temperatures,
these
corals
are
healthy
and
even
thriving.
We
found
that
corals
are
not
bleaching①.
We've
never
witnessed
any
bleaching
event
which
is
so
common
elsewhere.
To
find
out
why,
small
corals
were
subjected
to②
bleaching
conditions
in
the
laboratory.
Their
ruddy③
colour
is
a
sign
of
good
health.
Bleaching
conditions
are
usually
considered
as
1
to
2
degrees
above
the
summer
maximum
and
there
was
no
bleaching.
We
elevated
the
temperature
furthermore
and
only
at
5
and
6
degrees
above
some
maximum,
they
showed
signs
of
stress
and
bleaching.
But
how
can
the
corals
here
withstand④
such
high
temperatures
when
mass
coral
bleaching
is
occurring
elsewhere?
The
answer
may
be
found
18,000
years
ago
when
the
Red
Sea
was
much
hotter.
In
order
to
survive
conditions,
very
hot
conditions
in
the
southern
Red
Sea,
they
had
to
be
or
undergo
selection
towards
thermally
resilient
(适应力强的)
corals.
Those
that
suffer
from
the
hot,
the
very
hot
conditions
down
there
didn't
survive,
and
so
corals
that
we
see
here
nowadays
are
the
ones
that
are
descendants
of
the
ones
that
survived.
The
study
also
indicates
that
future
generations
of
coral
in
the
Bay
of
Aqaba
will
also
be
immune
to⑤
bleaching.
And
while
we're
aware
that
temperatures
are
rising
in
the
Gulf
of
Aqaba,
perhaps
at
a
faster
rate
than
the
global
average,
still
we
have
about
a
hundred
years
before
these
corals
will
experience
bleaching
conditions
or
cross
the
bleaching
threshold⑥.
Coral
reefs
are
often
the
first
indicator
of
climate
change.
Their
loss
would
raise
the
risk
of
extinction
of
thousands
of
fish
species
and
other
marine
life.
【注】
①bleach
vt.(使)变白；漂白；晒白；褪色
②be
subjected
to经受；承受；遭受；经历
③ruddy
adj.红的；红润的
④withstand
vt.承受；经受住
⑤be
immune
to对……有免疫力；不受……的影响
⑥threshold
n．阈值；临界值
Section
Ⅰ Reading,
Listening
and
Thinking
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．________
n.
故事；叙述
2．________
n.
等级；水平；联合会；联赛
3．________
vi.
&
vt.
(使)撤回；撤离
4．________
n.
航道；海峡；频道
5．________
n.
纽带；关系
vt.
&
vi.
增强信任关系；使牢固结合
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________
vt.扩展；使伸长；延长→________
n．扩大；延长
2．________
vt.商定；达成(协议)
vi.谈判；磋商；协商→________
n．谈判；磋商；协商
3．________
adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的→________
n．王室成员；版税
Ⅲ.阅读词汇
1．________________
n.
商人；批发商
adj.
海上货运的
2．fleet
n.
________________
3．spice
n.
________________
4．maritime
adj.
________________
Ⅳ.重点短语
1．________
sb.
to
do
sth.
激励某人做某事
2．search
________
寻找
3．________
sail
起航；开航
4．lead
________
导致；通向
5．________
a
league
of
one's
own
独领风骚
6．________
the
command
of...
在……的指挥下
7．in
return
________
作为……的报答
8．withdraw
________
退出；撤回
9．continue
________
sth.
继续做某事
10．for
the
benefit
________
为……的利益
11．________
a
scientific
point
of
view从科学的角度看
12．________
hand
在手头；可供使用
Ⅴ.重点句型
1．在古代，中国的丝绸通过陆路运达印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。
In
ancient
times,
silk
from
China
found
its
way
overland
to
India,
the
Middle
East,
and
Rome,
along
________
became
known
as
the
Silk
Road.
2．几个世纪以来，随着贸易的发展，中国西部地区得到了更多的探索，正如8世纪时，杜环在《经行记》中所记载的那样。
Over
the
centuries,
further
trading
allowed
more
exploration
of
the
regions
to
the
west
of
China,
________
recorded
in
Du
Huan's
Record
of
My
Travels
in
the
eighth
century.
3．数百年过去了，在掌握了最新技术的情况下，贸易需求和加强关系的愿望将推动中国向遥远的未来跨越海洋。
Hundreds
of
years
on,
and
________
the
latest
technology
________________
,
the
need
to
trade
and
the
desire
to
enhance
relationships
will
drive
China
to
reach
out
across
the
sea
far
into
the
future.
根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．Who
was
(were)
the
earliest
explorer(s)
of
the
Western
Ocean?
A．Marco
Polo.
B．Christopher
Columbus.
C．European
explorers.
D．Brave
merchants.
2．African
royal
families
sent
gifts
such
as
giraffes
to
China
in
order
to
________.
A．make
money
B．stop
the
war
C．show
their
friendship
D．award
the
Ambassador
3．In
Du
Huan's
book
Record
of
My
Travels
you
can
learn
about
________.
A．Marco
Polo
B．many
foreign
countries
C．Christopher
Columbus
D．ways
to
make
silk
4．Which
of
the
following
can
be
inferred
from
the
text?
A．Columbus
exploration
was
stopped
for
economic
reasons.
B．No
accurate
maps
of
the
countries
around
the
Indian
Ocean
existed
before
Zheng
He.
C．China
will
have
more
expeditions
across
the
sea
far
into
the
future.
D．The
giraffe
was
an
animal
that
could
not
be
found
in
China
in
the
Ming
Dynasty.
?第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1.set
sail起航；开航(其后常用介词for)
含有set的其他常用搭配
set
up
建立；创立
set
about
(doing)
sth.
开始/着手(做)某事(尤指费时费力的事)
set
out
to
do
sth.
开始/着手做某事
set...aside
暂不考虑；对……置之不理；拨出，留出(钱、时间等)
set
down
写下；记下；制定，规定(准则、原则等)
set
off
(for)．..
动身(前往……)；引爆；激发(尤指意外事件)
be
set
in...
以……为背景
?In
1891,
at
the
age
of
17,
he
set
sail
for
Alexandria,
Egypt.
By
the
1920s,
he
had
become
an
explorer,
searching
for
the
tombs
of
the
Egyptian
kings.1891年，在17岁的时候，他扬帆远航到了埃及的亚历山大。到了20世纪20年代，他已成为一名寻找古埃及国王的陵墓的探险家。
?Zheng
He
set
sail
for
the
“Western
Ocean”
seven
times
between
1405
and
1433.郑和于1405至1433年间七次下“西洋”。
?Encouraged
by
the
advances
in
technology,
many
farmers
have
set
up
wind
farms
on
their
land.受技术进步的鼓舞，许多农民在他们的土地上建起了风力发电场。
?We
need
to
set
about
finding
a
solution.我们得着手找一个解决办法。
?The
government
has
set
out
to
make
many
needed
reforms.政府已经着手进行许多必要的改革。
?She
tries
to
set
aside
some
money
every
month.她每个月都尽量存点钱。
?Ralph
Waldo
Emerson
would
always
set
down
new
ideas
that
occurred
to
him.
拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生总是记下他突然想到的新想法。
?A
group
of
boys
were
setting
off
fireworks
in
the
street.一群男孩子正在街上放烟花。
?The
novel
is
set
in
London
in
the
1960s.这部小说以20世纪60年代的伦敦为背景。
特别提示：
set
sail
for
someplace中的for不能换成to。表示“到……地方去”时用介词for而不用to的短语还有：leave
for
(动身前往……)；head
for
(朝……去)；set
off
for
(动身去……)。
[即学即练] 用含set的短语完成句子
①Considering
his
health,
I
advise
him
to
________________
an
hour
or
two
each
day
to
work
out.
②The
film
is
________________
a
remote
village
in
Western
China.
③As
he
was
getting
on
the
horse
ready
to
________________，
he
found
that
the
road
was
blocked.
④When
the
meeting
was
over,
he
________________
writing
a
report
about
it
immediately.
⑤He
was
asked
to
________________
the
facts
just
as
he
remembered.
⑥Many
websites
have
been
________________
to
help
people
study
foreign
languages.
⑦As
soon
as
the
crew
(船员)
were
attacked,
the
police
________________
to
look
into
the
matter.
2.negotiate
vt.商定；达成(协议) vi.谈判；磋商；协商
(1)negotiate
with
sb.
about/for
sth.＝negotiate
sth.
with
sb.
与某人协商/谈判某事
(2)negotiation
n.
协商；谈判
under
negotiation
(＝being
negotiated)
在协商/谈判中
in
negotiation
with
(＝be
negotiating
with)
和……协商/谈判中
(3)negotiator
n.
协商者；谈判代表
?Our
English
teacher
is
negotiating
with
the
headmaster
for
the
use
of
the
library.＝Our
English
teacher
is
negotiating
the
use
of
the
library
with
the
headmaster.
我们的英语老师正在同校长协商使用图书馆的事。
?The
exact
details
of
the
agreement
are
still
under
negotiation.协议的具体细节仍在协商中。
语境助记：
The
negotiators
are
negotiating
with
the
boss
for
more
pay
and
the
negotiation
goes
very
well.谈判代表正在和老板为增加工资进行协商，并且谈判进行得很顺利。
[即学即练] 用negotiate的正确形式填空/完成句子
①After
long
hours
of
________________，
the
two
parties
finally
reached
an
agreement.
②He
is
a
tough
________________.
③The
issue
under
________________
is
where
the
two
sides
disagree.
④我将与我们的教练就比赛日期进行协商。
→I'll
negotiate
________________
our
coach
________________
the
date
of
the
match.
→I'll
negotiate
the
date
of
the
match
________________
our
coach.
⑤目前正在就这项提案进行磋商。
→The
proposal
is
now
________________.
→The
proposal
is
now
________________.
3.a
sight
to
behold
壮观的景象
(1)sight
n.
[U]视力；看见；视野[C]看得见的事物；景象；[pl.]名胜
at
first
sight
乍一看；初次看到时
at
the
sight
of...
一看到……
catch
sight
of.../lose
sight
of...
看见……/看不见……
in
sight/out
of
sight
在视线内/不在视线内
in
the
sight
of...
在……眼中；在……看来
(2)short?sighted/near?sighted
近视的；无远见的
(3)far?sighted/long?sighted
远视的；有远见的
?The
sunrise
at
the
seaside
was
quite
a
sight
to
behold.海滨日出是个比较壮观的景象。
?She
lost
her
sight
in
an
accident.她在一场事故中失明了。
?It
was
my
first
sight
of
a
robot.这是我第一次看到机器人。
?Never
let
your
child
out
of
your
sight
for
a
moment.一刻都不能让你的孩子离开你的视线。
?The
sunrise
was
a
beautiful
sight.日出的景象很美。
?Delia
enjoyed
the
sights
of
London.迪莉娅很喜欢伦敦的名胜。
?At
first
sight,
there
is
nothing
special
about
the
watch,
but
in
fact
it
is
a
mobile
phone.
乍一看，那块表没什么特别之处，但实际上它是一部手机。
?Some
people
will
faint
at
the
sight
of
blood.有些人一见血就晕。
联想拓展：
a
joy/pleasure
to
behold
The
beauty
of
the
garden
was
a
pleasure/joy
to
behold.花园美景，赏心悦目。
[即学即练] 翻译短文，注意sight的不同用法
When
I
caught
sight
of
a
girl
wearing
a
white
dress
in
the
street,
in
the
sight
of
me,
she
was
just
like
a
goddess.
I
thought
this
was
love
at
first
sight.
But
soon
afterwards,
she
was
out
of
sight.
However,
she
was
not
out
of
my
mind.
She
came
into
my
sight
again
when
I
was
enjoying
beautiful
sights
of
the
city.
I
knew
I
couldn't
let
her
go.
I
was
near?sighted.
When
I
had
the
chance
to
look
at
her
closely,
I
was
astonished
at
the
sight
of
her
face.
She
looked
like
one
of
my
friends.
4.in
return
for作为……的报酬；作为……的回报
in
return 作为回报
?Liz
agreed
to
look
after
the
baby
in
return
for
a
free
room.
利兹同意照看婴儿，条件是要有一间免费房间。
?He
is
always
helping
people
without
expecting
anything
in
return.
他一直不求任何回报地帮助他人。
联想拓展：近义短语
in
reward
for...作为对……的报酬
She
got
very
little
in
reward
for
his
hard
work.她虽辛苦工作，得到的报酬却很少。
[即学即练] 完成句子/翻译句子
①我希望我能做点什么事情以报答她的好意。
I
wish
I
could
do
something
______________________________.
②We
offer
an
excellent
all?round
education
to
our
students.
In
return,
we
expect
students
to
work
hard.
________________________________________________________________________
5.in
hand在手头；可供使用
at
hand
可能很快发生的；在手边，在近处
by
hand
用手工；亲手递交的
give/lend
sb.
a
hand
帮助某人
go
hand
in
hand
密切关联
on
the
one
hand...on
the
other
hand...
一方面……另一方面……
?Recent
economic
performance
suggests
that
a
major
crisis
is
at
hand.
最近的经济状况预示着一场重大的危机可能即将到来。
?These
mooncakes
are
made
by
hand.这些月饼是手工制作的。
?Let
me
give
you
a
hand
with
those
bags.我来帮你拎那些包吧。
?Poverty
and
poor
health
often
go
hand
in
hand.贫困和身体不好常有密切关系。
?On
the
one
hand,
they'd
love
to
have
kids,
but
on
the
other
hand,
they
don't
want
to
give
up
their
freedom.
一方面，他们想要孩子，但另一方面，他们不愿意放弃自由。
高考助记：
①With
the
coming
of
new
technologies
like
a
computers
and
smartphones,
writing
by
hand
has
become
a
thing
of
the
past.随着诸如计算机和智能手机等新技术的出现，手写已成为过去的事。
②Several
former
teachers
were
on
hand
to
tell
stories
about
the
old
days.几位以前的教师在现场讲述过去的事情。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①If
you
apply
yourself
to
the
job
________
hand,
you'll
soon
finish
it.
②To
make
it
easier
to
get
in
touch
with
us,
you'd
better
keep
this
card
________
hand.
③On
one
hand,
shopping
online
makes
shopping
a
lot
easier
and
more
convenient;
________
the
other
hand,
paying
online
has
risks.
④They
entered
the
room,
hand
________
hand.
?第二版块|重点句型解构
1．(教材P26)In
ancient
times,
silk
from
China
found
its
way
overland
to
India,
the
Middle
East,
and
Rome,
along
what
became
known
as
the
Silk
Road.在古代，中国的丝绸通过陆路运达印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。
[句式分析] 本句中what引导的是名词性从句中的宾语从句
what引导名词性从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等，表示“……的……”，相当于“the＋n.＋that...”。
?What
I
care
is
your
attitude
towards
the
matter.
我关心的是你对这件事的态度。(what引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语)
?The
boy
dived
into
the
water
and
after
what
seemed
to
be
a
long
time,
he
came
up
again.男孩跳进水里，过了好像很久之后，他才又从水里出来。(what引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语)
?I
don't
know
what
he
needs.我不知道他需要什么。(what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语)
?In
1492,
Columbus
reached
what
is
now
called
America.1492年，哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲。(what引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语)
?A
ship
is
safe
in
harbour,
but
that's
not
what
ships
are
built
for.船在港口里是安全的，但那不是建造船的目的。(what引导表语从句，在从句中作介词宾语)
[即学即练] 完成句子
①这次大会超出了我的预期。
The
conference
was
beyond
________________________________.
②我无法想象昨天这里发生了什么。
I
can't
imagine
________________________.
③我想知道的是我能做什么来帮助你学习英语。
What
I
want
to
know
is
________________________
to
help
with
your
English.
④让我印象最深刻的是我的家乡变化很大。
________________________
is
that
my
hometown
has
changed
a
lot.
2.(教材P26)Over
the
centuries，further
trading
allowed
more
exploration
of
the
regions
to
the
west
of
China,
as
recorded
in
Du
Huan's
Record
of
My
Travels
in
the
eighth
century.几个世纪以来，随着贸易的进一步发展，中国西部地区得到了更多的开发，这一点在8世纪杜环的《经行记》中有所记载。
[句式分析] as引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为一句话，as指代前面句子的内容。
关系代词as引导定语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句，有“正如”之意，可放在主句前、中或后，但常放于主句之前。
(2)as引导的限制性定语从句，先行词常被the
same、such、as、so等修饰。
?As
the
old
saying
goes,
“Do
as
the
Romans
do.”(谚)常言道，入乡随俗。
?As
is
known
to
everyone,
Mark
Twain
is
a
great
American
writer.
众所周知，马克·吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。
?As
is
often
the
case
with
children,
Amy
was
better
by
the
time
the
doctor
arrived.
正如孩子们常有的情况一样，医生到的时候Amy就好些了。
?He
is
not
such
a
fool
as
he
looks.他不像看起来那么傻。
?The
T?shirt
I
received
is
not
the
same
as
is
shown
online.
我收到的T恤和网上展示的不一样。
名师点津：as,
which的区别
①as引导的定语从句可置于主句前，而which引导的不可以。
②as引导定语从句时，常有“正如”之意，而which没有。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①Her
manner
and
attitudes
towards
him
were
quite
the
same
________
they
had
always
been.
②There
is
no
simple
answer,
________
is
often
the
case
in
science.
③This
is
such
a
difficult
question
________
nobody
can
work
out.
→This
is
such
a
difficult
question
________
nobody
can
work
it
out.
④________
is
reported
that
the
number
of
smokers
has
dropped
by
17
percent
in
just
one
year.
→The
number
of
smokers,
________
is
reported,
has
dropped
by
17
percent
in
just
one
year.
3.(教材P27)Hundreds
of
years
on,
and
with
the
latest
technology
in
hand,
the
need
to
trade
and
the
desire
to
enhance
relationships
will
drive
China
to
reach
out
across
the
sea
far
into
the
future.数百年过去了，在掌握了最新技术的情况下，贸易需求和加强关系的愿望将推动中国跨越海洋奔向未来。
[句式分析] “with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”称为with的复合结构，此结构在句中常作状语，可位于句首或句尾，常作时间、原因、方式、伴随状语，亦可作后置定语，可以使句子变得简洁。结构如下：
with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj.(adj.表示状态)/adv.(adv.表示状态)/done(done表示完成或被动)/doing(doing表示主动或正在进行)/to
do
(to
do表示将来，有时用主动形式表示被动意义)
?Without
anyone
noticing,
I
entered
the
room.没有人注意，我进入了房间。
?In
summer,
she
usually
sleeps
with
the
windows
open.夏天，她通常开着窗子睡觉。
?With
much
homework
to
do,
I
can't
go
skating
with
you.
因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰了。
?They
sat
together
around
the
table,
with
the
door
shut.他们关着门围桌而坐。
名师指津：
(1)注意作补足语的三种非谓语动词形式to
do、doing、done之间的区别，把握动作是主动、被动还是进行。
(2)具体分析作宾语补足语的动词与逻辑主语即句子宾语之间的逻辑关系，再结合动作发生的时间(未发生、正在发生或已经发生)来选择合适的形式。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句式升级
①Moreover,
wider
and
better
social
benefits
can
be
reached
with
the
positive
social
images
________
(build)．
②The
old
couple
often
take
a
walk
after
supper
in
the
park
with
their
pet
dog
________
(follow)
them.
③With
many
books
________
(buy),
our
teacher
went
to
the
biggest
bookstore.
④All
the
lights
are
on,
and
the
square
looks
more
beautiful.
→________________________，
the
square
looks
more
beautiful.
⑤After
most
of
the
problems
were
solved,
I
felt
a
great
weight
taken
off
my
mind.
→________________________，
I
felt
a
great
weight
taken
off
my
mind.
⑥Because
my
teacher
helps
me,
my
English
has
greatly
improved.
→________________________，
my
English
has
greatly
improved.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．There
are
plans
to
________
(扩大)
the
no?smoking
area.
2．They
should
________
(协商)
with
the
other
players
to
get
the
best
rate
possible.
3．Both
powers
________
(撤离)
their
forces
from
the
region.
4．The
________
(航道)
had
chocked
up
with
sand
so
that
boats
couldn't
use
it.
5．In
some
cultures
friendship
means
a
strong
lifelong
________
(关系)
between
two
people.
6．We
were
treated
to
a
________
(皇家的，王室的)
feast.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Two
hours
later,
the
ship
will
set
sail
________
Japan.
2．A
contract
is
prepared
in
negotiation
________
our
clients.
3．With
a
lot
of
difficult
problems
________
(settle),
the
newly
elected
president
is
having
a
hard
time.
4．At
first,
I
thought
Mr.
Li
was
kind
of
odd,
because
he
was
always
asking
such
questions
________
no
one
could
answer.
5．I
found
an
old
man
lying
on
the
ground
and
I
took
him
to
hospital
in
a
taxi
immediately,
________
was
why
I
was
late
that
morning.
6．With
the
little
boy
________
(lead)
the
way,
we
had
no
difficulty
finding
the
village.
7．I
gave
her
some
roses
in
return
________
the
kindness
I
had
received
from
him.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．手头有足够的资料，我们可以开始工作了。
________________________，
we
can
set
to
work.
2．担心考试，我睡得一点也不好。
________________________，
I
couldn't
have
a
sound
sleep.
3．正如我们所知道的一样，台湾属于中国。
________________________，
Taiwan
belongs
to
China.
4．他不是这样一个把今天能做的事拖到明天做的人。
He
isn't
________________________
puts
off
what
he
can
do
today
till
tomorrow.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Trade
and
curiosity
have
often
contributed
to
mankind's
greatest
1.________
(achieve).
In
ancient
times,
silk
from
China
got
to
India,
the
Middle
East,
and
Rome,
along
the
road
2.________
became
known
as
the
Silk
Road.
A
trading
route
across
the
sea
3.________
(extend)
along
the
coasts
of
the
Indian
Ocean,
where
merchants
from
China
and
many
other
places
met
4.________
(negotiate)
trade
deals.
Over
the
centuries,
further
trading
allowed
more
exploration
of
the
regions
to
the
west
of
China,
as
5.________
(record)
in
Du
Huan's
Record
of
My
Travels.
Between
1405
6.________
1433,
seven
large
fleets
under
the
command
of
Zheng
He
sailed
west
on
voyages
of
trade
and
exploration.
African
royal
families
sent
gifts
such
as
giraffes
as
gestures
of
friendship
7.________
return
for
gold,
silk,
and
spices.
To
reach
out
across
the
sea
remains
8.________
strong
desire
today.
Trading
has
grown
9.________
(great)
in
recent
years.
China
has
also
joined
10.________
(it)
friends
across
the
sea
on
other
important
projects.
China
will
have
more
expeditions
across
the
sea
far
into
the
future.
Unit
3 Sea
Exploration
Section
Ⅰ Reading,
Listening
and
Thinking
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．tale 2.league 3.withdraw 4.channel 5.bond
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．extend extension 2.negotiate negotiation 3.royal royalty
Ⅲ.阅读词汇
1．merchant 2.舰队；机群；车队 3.(调味)香料 4.海的；海运的；海事的
Ⅳ.重点短语
1．inspire 2.for 3.set 4.to 5.in 6.under 7.for 8.from 9.to
do 10.of 11.from 12.in
Ⅴ.重点句型
1．what 2.as 3.with in
hand
文本研析·语篇理解
1．D 2.C 3.B 4.C
核心突破·互动探究
?第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．①set
aside ②set
in ③set
off ④set
about ⑤set
down ⑥set
up ⑦set
out
2．①negotiation ②negotiator ③negotiation ④with about/for with ⑤under
negotiation being
negotiated
3．当我在街上看到一位穿着白色连衣裙的女孩时，在我眼中，她就宛如一位女神。我想这就是一见钟情吧。但不久之后，她就不见了。但我对她却念念不忘。当我在欣赏城市的美景时，我再次见到了她。我知道我不能让她离开。我是个近视眼。当我有机会好好看看她时，一看到她的面庞，我感到很吃惊。她长得像我的一个朋友。
4．①in
return
for
her
kindness ②我们为学生提供优质全面的教育。作为回报，我们希望学生能努力学习。
5．①in ②at ③on ④in
?第二版块|重点句型解构
1．①what
I
had
expected ②what
happened
here
yesterday ③what
I
can
do ④What
impressed
me
most
2．①as ②as ③as that ④It as
3．①built ②following ③to
buy ④With
all
the
lights
on ⑤With
most
of
the
problems
solved ⑥With
my
teacher
helping
me
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．extend 2.negotiate 3.withdrew 4.channel 5.bond 6.royal
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．for 2.with 3.to
settle 4.as 5.which 6.leading 7.for
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Having
enough
data
in
hand 2.With
the
exam
to
worry
about 3.As
is
known
to
us
all 4.such
a
man
as
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
1．achievements 2.which/that 3.was
extended 4.to
negotiate 5.recorded 6.and 7.in 8.a 9.greatly 10.its
-
2
-Unit
3
Sea
Exploration
Section
Ⅱ Learning
About
Language
Ⅰ.核心词汇及拓展
1．________
n.
锦标赛；联赛
2．________
n.
笔记本电脑；便携式电脑
3．________
vt.
对……征税，使纳税
n.
税；税款
4．________
adj.
有人控制的；需人操纵的
5．________
n.
潜水器；可潜船
6．________
adv.
在水下
adj.
水下的
7．________
n.
珊瑚
8．________
n．政治；政治观点→________
adj.政治的→________
n．政治家；善于玩弄权术者
9．________
n．职业；行业→________
adj.职业的；专业的→________
n．教授
10．________
n．混合；结合体；混合物→________
vi.
&
vt.(使)混合；(使)融合
11．________
n．新闻报道；覆盖范围→________
vt.报道；遮盖
12．________
vt.
&
vi.
鼓掌
vt.称赞；赞赏→________
n．鼓掌；喝彩
13．________________
记者招待会；新闻发布会
Ⅱ.核心词汇讲解
1．mixture
n．混合；结合体；混合体
mix
vi.
&
vt.
(使)混合；(使)融合
mix...with...
把……和……混合
mix
up
混合；混淆；弄乱
?The
story
is
a
magical
mixture
of
fantasy
and
reality.
这个故事是幻想与现实的奇妙结合。
?Oil
and
water
don't
mix.油和水不相融。
?Dashan,
who
has
been
learning
crosstalk,
the
Chinese
comedic
tradition,
for
decades,
wants
to
mix
it
up
with
the
Western
stand?up
tradition.相声是中国的传统喜剧形式，大山已经在中国学习了几十年的相声，他想把西方传统的脱口秀和相声融合到一起。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Many
races
are
________
(mix)
together
in
Brazil.
②Don't
try
to
mix
business
________
pleasure.
③You're
always
mixing
me
________
with
my
twin
sister!
④The
city
was
a
________
(mix)
of
old
and
new
buildings.
⑤I
came
home
from
the
meeting
with
________
(mix)
feelings.
[词义拓展] mixed可作形容词“(感情)矛盾的，复杂的”
2．coverage
n．新闻报道；覆盖范围
(1)media
coverage
媒体报道
(2)cover
vt.
遮盖，覆盖；包含，走完；占地；报道，足以支付
?The
clouds
had
spread
and
covered
the
entire
sky.
乌云铺开，遮蔽了整个天空。
?Believe
it
or
not,
the
young
man,
though
disabled,
managed
to
cover
a
distance
of
3
miles
within
30
minutes.信不信由你，尽管这位年轻人是残疾人，但他在30分钟内跑完了3英里的路程。
?Grasslands
in
China
cover
an
area
of
about
400
million
hectares,
stretching
more
than
3,000
km
from
the
northeast
to
the
southwest.中国的草原占地约4亿公顷，从东北到西南绵延3
000多千米。
?“Journalists
are
not
going
to
the
field
to
cover
the
news
because
of
safety
reasons，”
Faruk
explained.法鲁克解释说：“出于安全原因，记者不会去实地报道新闻。”
?And
then
students
get
a
maintenance
loan
which
helps,
like
covering
the
cost
of
living.然后，学生会得到一笔生活费用贷款，用来帮助他们支付生活费之类的费用。
[即学即练] 翻译句子
①Much
of
the
country
is
covered
by
snow.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
②They
were
hoping
to
cover
40
miles
yesterday.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
③I'd
just
returned
from
covering
a
war.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
④The
award
should
be
enough
to
cover
her
tuition
fees.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
⑤The
city
covers
25
square
miles.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．applaud
vt.
&
vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞；赞赏
applaud
sb.
for
sth.
因某事而赞扬某人
applaud
the
decision
赞成某个决定
applause
n.
鼓掌；喝彩
?The
audience
warmly
applauded
the
excellent
performance.
观众们对精彩演出报以热烈的掌声。
?I
applaud
the
decision
to
install
more
security
cameras.
我赞成要装更多监控摄像机的决定。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She
should
be
applauded
________
her
honesty.
②A
crowd
of
300
supporters
warmly
________
(applaud)
her
speech,
which
was
about
civil
rights.
③The
candidate's
promise
to
improve
public
schools
was
greeted
with
a
loud
round
of
________
(applaud)．
④Everyone
________
(applaud)
when
the
play
ended.
[语境串记] His
applause
showed
he
applauded
the
decision.他的掌声表明他赞成这个决定。
Discover
Useful
Structures
Grammar——复习动词不定式
[新知导引]
诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性
1．It's
wrong
to
play
tricks
on
other
people.
2．She
wants
to
be
a
doctor.
3．I
tell
him
not
to
go
there
by
bus.
4．I
have
a
lot
of
work
to
do.
5．His
wish
is
to
become
a
scientist.
6．He
runs
fast
to
get
there
in
time.
7．The
doctor
said
he
could
do
nothing
to
help
the
girl.
8．The
first
important
thing
is
to
save
the
soldiers'
lives.
9．Edison's
mother
taught
him
to
read
and
write.
10．I
don't
like
to
swim
now.
11．To
see
is
to
believe.
12．I
forgot
to
lock
the
door.
13．He
studies
hard
to
make
money.
[共性呈现]
1．所有划线部分均为动词不定式，由to＋动词原形构成；
2．动词不定式除不能作谓语外，其余句子成分都可充当。句1、11中，划线部分充当主语；句2、10、12中充当宾语；句3、9中充当宾补；句5、8中，充当表语；在句4、7中充当定语；在句6、13中充当目的状语。
[语法精释]
动词不定式(to＋动词原形)是非谓语动词的一种形式，在句中不能单独作谓语。不定式不受主语人称和谓语动词时态变化的影响。不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。
1．动词不定式的形式变化
时态变化
主动语态
被动语态
不定式的一般式
to
do
to
be
done
不定式的进行式
to
be
doing
/
不定式的完成式
to
have
done
to
have
been
done
不定式的完成进行式
to
have
been
doing
/
2.动词不定式的否定式：not＋to
do
?She
persuaded
me
not
to
go
to
the
dangerous
area.
她说服我不要去那个危险的地方。
3．动词不定式的句法功能
(1)动词不定式作主语
动词不定式(短语)作主语，谓语动词常用单数。
?To
see
is
to
believe.眼见为实。
?To
climb
up
the
mountain
road
is
easy
while
to
go
down
the
hills
is
hard.上山容易下山难。
[特别注意] 有时为了避免头重脚轻，习惯上将不定式移到后面，主语由it代替，it叫作形式主语。
?It
is
not
easy
to
find
your
way
around
the
town.
在这个小镇要找到路很不容易。
(2)动词不定式作表语
动词不定式作表语，通常用来说明主语的具体内容或者性质。常见的用来作主语的名词有aim，duty，dream，hope，idea，plan,
ambition,
purpose,
work,
job等。
?A
college
counselor's
job
is
to
help
students
adjust
to
college
life.大学辅导员的工作是帮助学生们适应大学生活。
?His
ambition
is
to
become
an
actor.
他的理想是成为一名演员。
有些时候，系动词会是appear，seem，prove，turn
out，remain等。
?Our
English
teacher
seems
to
have
known
the
secret.
我们的英语老师好像已经知道了这个秘密。
?Whether
we
will
succeed
or
not
remains
to
be
seen.
我们能否成功仍有待观察。
[特别注意] 当主语部分有动词do或do的某种形式时，不定式作表语时通常省略to。
?All
I
could
do
now
is
keep
silent.
我现在所能做的就是保持沉默。
(3)动词不定式作宾语
有些动词后面常跟动词不定式作宾语，常见的这类词有：hope,
wish,
expect,
agree,
promise,
undertake(答应),
intend,
want,
aim,
plan,
desire,
arrange,
manage,
decide,
determine,
pretend,
choose,
offer,
demand,
refuse,
threaten,
prepare,
fail等。
China
hopes
to
promote
ties
with
Angola
to
a
new
stage.
中国希望把与安哥拉的关系推进到一个新的阶段。
David
threatened
to
report
his
neighbour
to
the
police
if
the
damages
were
not
paid.如果这些损失得不到赔偿的话，戴维威胁邻居说要报警。
[知识拓展] ①当不定式作宾语，且后面有自己的宾语补足语时，常常用it作形式宾语，将不定式放于宾语补足语之后。常见的有这种用法的动词有：consider,
feel,
find,
make,
think等。构成的结构为：谓语动词＋it＋宾补＋to
do。
They
all
feel
it
very
hard
to
learn
German.
他们都认为学习德语很困难。
The
rough
road
makes
it
difficult
to
get
to
the
destination.
崎岖不平的路使得到达目的地变得很困难。
②动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但是个别介词(如but,
except)可以接不定式。常用的结构为：have
no
choice
but
to
do
sth.,
have
nothing
to
do
but/except
do
sth.。此类结构遵循“前有实义动词do后无to”的原则。
This
girl
had
no
choice
but
to
wait.
这个女孩别无选择，只能等待。
She
has
nothing
to
do
but
watch
TV.
她无事可干，只能看电视。
(4)动词不定式作宾语补足语
动词不定式可以在某些动词后充当宾语补足语，常见的此类动词有：ask,
cause,
advise,
allow,
forbid,
permit,
force,
instruct,
want,
order,
encourage,
persuade,
remind,
request,
teach,
tell,
urge,
invite,
warn,
command，enable等。
以ask为例子，表达肯定意思的结构为ask
sb.
to
do
sth.，表达否定意思的结构为ask
sb.
not
to
do
sth.。
He
asked
me
to
give
a
presentation
to
the
class.
他让我给同学们做个演讲。
The
doctor
advised
him
to
stop
smoking.
医生建议他戒烟。
[特别注意] ①有些词不能用于这个结构中，如hope，suggest，demand,
agree，decide等。
②有些感官动词和使役动词后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，to经常被省略。这些词有：五看(see，watch，notice,
observe，look
at)；二听(hear,
listen
to)；一感觉(feel)；三使役(make,
have,
let)。需要注意的是，当上述动词用于被动语态时，to应还原。
The
teacher
made
me
wait
while
she
talked
to
other
students.
这个老师在和其他学生谈话，让我等着。
Tom
is
always
working
hard,
so
he
doesn't
have
to
be
made
to
study
hard.汤姆学习一直很刻苦，所以他不必让别人强迫他努力学习。
(5)动词不定式作定语
不定式作定语一般情况下会置于被修饰词的后面，并且与被修饰词构成一定的逻辑关系。
①主动关系：被修饰词是不定式的发出者。此时被修饰词通常被only,
first,
next，序数词或者形容词的最高级修饰。
He's
always
the
first
person
of
the
team
to
put
forward
a
solution
to
a
problem.他总是团队里第一个提出问题解决方案的人。
②被动关系：被修饰词是动词不定式的承受者。此时需要注意，如果动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后需要增加必要的介词。
There
are
many
interesting
things
to
see.
有许多有趣的东西可以看。
You
might
think
that
with
all
these
dangerous
animals
Australia
is
an
unsafe
place
to
live
in
or
visit.澳大利亚有这么多危险的动物，你也许会认为在这里居住或到这里旅游很不安全。
③修饰关系：动词不定式对所修饰的词起到补充说明的作用。这些被修饰词一般为：wish，way，chance，ability，decision，attempt，reason等。
You
should
grasp
the
ability
to
solve
the
complex
problems.
你应该掌握解决复杂问题的能力。
There
are
varieties
of
ways
to
make
others
laugh.
有很多种方法逗别人笑。
④动词不定式作定语有时也表示一种将来的动作。
We
are
invited
to
a
party
to
be
held
in
our
club
next
Friday.
我们受邀参加下周五在我们俱乐部举办的派对。
(6)动词不定式作状语
①动词不定式作目的状语
动词不定式作目的状语，有时为了强调可以加上in
order或so
as，其中in
order
to
do可以放于句首，但是so
as
to
do不可以放于句首。
注意，当不定式置于句末表示目的的时候，不可用逗号隔开；置于句首时，一般用逗号隔开。
I
write
down
these
numbers
in
order
not
to/so
as
not
to
forget
them.＝In
order
not
to
forget
these
numbers,
I
write
them
down.我写下这些数字，为了不忘记它们。
②动词不定式作结果状语
动词不定式作结果状语常用于以下结构：
only
to
do结果却做……(表示出乎意料的结果)
too...to
do太……以至于不能做……
so/such...as
to
do太……以至于做……
adj./adv.＋enough
to
do足够……做……
He
hurried
to
the
train
station
only
to
find
that
the
train
had
left.
他匆忙赶往火车站，结果却发现火车已经离开了。
The
box
is
too
small
to
hold
all
these
things.
这个箱子太小，不能装下所有这些东西。
Would
you
be
so
kind
as
to
do
me
a
favour?
劳烦您帮我个忙好吗？
The
girl
was
lucky
enough
to
get
a
train
ticket.
这个女孩足够幸运地得到了一张火车票。
③动词不定式作原因状语
动词不定式作原因状语通常表示一些情绪的原因，比如高兴、激动、遗憾、抱歉等。
I'm
sorry
to
hear
the
bad
news.听到这个坏消息，我很难过。
4．疑问词加动词不定式
疑问词加动词不定式通常可以扩展为一个名词性从句。
Where
to
go
hasn't
been
decided.＝Where
we
should
go
hasn't
been
decided.我们要到哪里去还没定下来。
[即学即练] 翻译句子/单句语法填空
1．①To
be
kind
to
the
enemy
is
to
be
cruel
to
the
people.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
②Our
purpose
is
not
to
do
it
for
you
but
teach
you
to
do
it
by
yourself.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
③The
magazines
are
not
allowed
to
be
taken
out
of
the
reading
room.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
④Do
let
your
mother
know
all
the
truth.
She
appears
to
have
been
told
everything.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
⑤I
was
watching
the
clock
all
through
the
meeting,
as
I
had
a
train
to
catch.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
⑥Many
airlines
now
allow
passengers
to
print
their
boarding
online
to
save
their
valuable
time.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
⑦Where
to
go
is
still
a
question.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．①________
(learn)
is
to
better
live.
②It
was
kind
of
you
________
(give)
me
a
helping
hand.
③To
do
that
would
be
________
(cut)
the
foot
to
fit
the
shoe.
④All
we
have
to
do
is
________
(push)
the
button.
⑤Once
his
message
was
delivered,
he
allowed
me
________
(stay)
and
watch.
⑥Fat
and
salt
are
very
important
parts
of
a
diet.
They
are
required
________
(process)
the
food
that
we
eat,
to
recover
from
injury
and
for
several
other
bodily
functions.
⑦He
didn't
like
his
intention
________
(laugh)
at.
⑧A
growing
trend
in
China
now
gives
customers
the
options
________
(pay)
the
bill
by
scanning
a
QR
code
or
in
cash.
⑨If
water
becomes
increasingly
scarce
in
decades
________
(come),
water
shortage
will
become
a
hot
issue
all
over
the
world.
⑩Jordan
was
the
second
player
________
(score)
more
than
3,000
points
in
a
season.
?The
meeting
________
(hold)
tomorrow
is
very
important.
?There
is
nothing
________
(worry)
about.
?You
don't
have
to
run
fast
or
for
long
________
(see)
the
benefit.
?Many
parents
don't
take
their
kids'
interests
and
ages
into
consideration,
only
________
(find)
“More
haste,
less
speed”—their
kids'
curiosity
is
being
killed.
?Tom
was
proud
________
(choose)
as
captain
of
our
school
football
team.
Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．It's
good
________
(help)
others
when
they
are
in
trouble.
2．The
man
downstairs
told
the
man
upstairs
not
________
(drop)
his
shoes
onto
the
floor
at
midnight
any
more.
3．The
goal
of
this
activity
is
________
(meet)
the
needs
of
common
people.
4．Let
me
________
(hear)
you
________
(play)
the
violin.
5．The
question
is
very
difficult
________
(answer)．
6．He
pretended
________
(read)
the
text
when
I
came
in.
7．The
snow
seemed
________
(blow)
from
the
top
of
the
mountain.
8．It
has
been
an
honor
for
me
________
(invite)
to
your
country.
9．I
worked
hard
________
(pass)
the
exam.
10．I
had
no
choice
but
________
(give)
up
the
chance
of
going
abroad.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．她总是第一个到校。
She
is
always
the
first
______________________________.
2．李教授告诉他加入英语角，但是他不听。
Professor
Li
told
him
______________________________，
but
he
wouldn't
listen.
3．我们去动物园看动物了，结果却被告知他们已经被运到另一个动物园了。
We
went
to
see
the
animals
in
the
park,
______________________________
that
they
had
been
moved
to
another
zoo.
4．如何才能停止对河流的污染是一个大问题。
______________________________
is
a
big
problem.
5．专家们认为在一周内完成任务是不可能的。
The
experts
think
it
impossible
________________________
in
a
week.
Section
Ⅱ Learning
About
Language
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇及拓展
1．tournament 2.laptop 3.tax 4.manned 5.submersible 6.underwater 7.coral 8.politics political politician 9.profession professional professor 10.mixture mix 11.coverage cover 12.applaud applause 13.press
conference
Ⅱ.核心词汇讲解
1．①mixed ②with ③up ④mixture ⑤mixed
2．①这个国家的大部分地区都被雪覆盖。 ②他们昨天打算走40英里。 ③我刚报道完一场战争回来。 ④这笔资金应该够她支付学费了。 ⑤这个城市占地25平方英里。
3．①for ②applauded ③applause ④applauded
Discover
Useful
Structures
Grammar——复习动词不定式
语法精讲·难点透析
1．①对敌人的仁慈就是对人民的残忍。 ②我们的目的不是替你做这件事，而是教会你自己来做。 ③这些杂志是不允许带出阅览室的。 ④一定要让你妈妈知道全部事实。看起来已经有人把一切都告诉她了。 ⑤开会期间我一直在看钟表，因为我要赶火车。 ⑥现在很多航空公司允许乘客在网上打印登机牌，以节约他们宝贵的时间。 ⑦到哪里去还是个问题。
2．①To
learn ②to
give ③to
cut ④push ⑤to
stay ⑥to
process ⑦to
be
laughed ⑧to
pay ⑨to
come ⑩to
score ?to
be
held ?to
worry ?to
see ?to
find ?to
be
chosen
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．to
help 2.to
drop 3.to
meet 4.hear；play 5.to
answer 6.to
be
reading 7.to
have
been
blown 8.to
have
been
invited 9.to
pass 10.to
give
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．to
come
to
school 2.to
join
in
the
English
Corner 3.only
to
be
told 4.How
to
stop
the
river
from
being
polluted 5.to
complete
the
task
-
4
-Unit
3
Sea
Exploration
Section
Ⅳ Writing——关于海洋探索的议论文
[技法指导]
1．篇章结构
表达观点类文章通常分为三段，首先提出某一现象或问题，然后描述这一现象或问题产生的原因及影响，最后提出自己的观点并给出解决办法。
2．常用表达
(1)提出问题
①As
society
develops,
people
are
attaching
much
importance
to...随着社会的发展，人们越来越重视……
②Recently
the
phenomenon
has
aroused
wide
concern.
Some
people
are
in
alarm
that...最近，这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注。有人担心…
③There
is
a
general
discussion
nowadays
on
the
problem
of....
Some
argue/hold
that...,
but
others
set
forth
a
totally
different
argument
about
the
issue.如今，……问题引起了广泛的讨论。有些人认为……但其他人则对此问题持完全相反的观点。
(2)分析利弊
④In
my
opinion,
both
sides
are
partly
right.
When
we...,
we
should
take
into
consideration
all
aspects
of
the
problem,
and
then
make
the
right
decision.在我看来，双方在某种程度上都是正确的。当我们……时，我们应该考虑问题的各个方面，然后作出正确的决定。
⑤It
is
difficult
to
say
whether...
is
good
or
not
in
general,
as
it
depends
very
much
on
the
situation
of...
However,
from
a
personal
point
of
view
I
find...通常很难说……是好还是不好，因为这在很大程度上取决于……然而，从我个人的角度来看，我认为……
(3)解决问题
⑥It
is
high
time
that...
Here
are
some
of
the
measures
that
might
be
taken
immediately.是时候……了。下面是一些可以立即采取的措施。
⑦The
most
effective
means
to
solve
this
problem
is
that...
In
that
case，...解决这个问题最有效的方法是……在那种情况下，……
⑧As
a
result,
we
should
take
some
effective
methods
to...因此，我们应该采取一些有效的方法来……
⑨In
a
word,
the
whole
society
should
pay
close
attention
to
the
problem
of...
Only
in
this
way
can...
in
the
future.总之，全社会都应该密切关注……的问题。只有这样未来才能……
⑩It
is
no
doubt
that
special
attention
must
be
paid
to
the
problem
of...毫无疑问，必须特别注意……的问题。
[精品展示]
近年来，由于海洋污染和过度捕捞，鱼的数量和种类在急剧减少。请就该现象写一篇英语短文，给学校英语广播站投稿。内容要点如下：
1．海洋渔业资源的现状；
2．分析现状出现的原因；
3．提出解决问题的方法。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
[审题谋篇]
第一步：明确要求
本题是写一篇关于海洋状况的广播稿，时态以一般现在时为主，人称以第三人称为主。
第二步：确定段落
第一段：描写海洋渔业资源的现状
第二段：分析出现此状况的原因
第三段：提出解决问题的方法
第三步：提炼要点
1．________________ 面临；面对
2．________________
应负责任，应受责备
3．________________
以……为生
4．________________
渔业资源
第四步：句式升级
1．为了处理这种情况，应该制定法律来惩罚那些触犯法律和造成污染的人。
(一般表达)To
handle
this
situation,
laws
should
be
made
to
punish
those
men,
because
they
violate
the
law
and
cause
pollution.
(高级表达)
________________________________________________.
2．只有采取这些措施，我们才能最终保护渔业资源。
(一般表达)We
can
eventually
preserve
fishing
resources
only
with
these
measures
taken.
(高级表达)
________________________________________________.
[连句成篇]
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
Section
Ⅳ Writing——关于海洋探索的议论文
[审题谋篇]
第三步
1．be
faced
with 2.be
to
blame 3.live
on 4.fishing
resources
第四步
1．To
handle
this
situation,
laws
should
be
made
to
punish
those
who
violate
the
law
and
cause
pollution
2．Only
with
these
measures
taken
can
we
eventually
preserve
fishing
resources
[连句成篇]
参考范文：
In
recent
years,
fishing
resources
in
the
ocean
have
been
faced
with
a
severe
situation
with
the
quantity
of
fish
and
their
species
dropping
sharply.
In
my
opinion,
it
is
human
behaviour
that
is
to
blame.
Industrial
and
agricultural
waste
such
as
chemicals
and
oil
is
poured
into
the
ocean.
What's
more,
overfishing
destroys
the
balance
of
life
in
the
ocean.
To
handle
this
situation,
laws
should
be
made
to
punish
those
who
violate
the
law
and
cause
pollution.
Besides,
some
fishermen
may
take
other
jobs
so
that
there
are
less
people
living
on
fishing.
Only
with
these
measures
taken
can
we
eventually
preserve
fishing
resources.
-
1
-Unit
3
Sea
Exploration
Section
Ⅲ Using
Language
&
Assessing
Your
Progress
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．________
n.
名录；电话号码簿；(计算机文件或程序的)目录
2．________
adv.
与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下
3．________
n.
反对者；对手；竞争者
4．________
vt.
把……载入正式记录；记录
n.
正式记录；日志；原木
5．________
n.
逮捕；拘留；中止
vt.
逮捕；拘留；阻止
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________
n．迁移；迁徙；移居→________
vt.
&
vi.迁移；迁徙；移居；(使)转移
2．________
vt.谋杀；凶杀；毁坏
n．谋杀；凶杀→________
n．杀人犯；杀人凶手
3．________
n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠→________
adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的
4．________
n．个人财产；拥有；控制→________
vt.有；拥有；支配；控制
Ⅲ.阅读词汇
1．exploit
vt.
________________
2．gallon
n.
________________(容积单位，1英制加仑约等于4.5升)
3．marine
adj.
________________
Ⅳ.重点短语
1．add...________... 增加；添加
2．tell
________
区分；分辨
3．take
a
picture
________
给……照相
4．mean
________
sth.
意味着做某事
5．be
home
________...
是……的家园
6．help
________
important
issues
帮助解决重要问题
7．take
________
采取行动
8．as
well
________
和；也
9．vast
amounts
________
大量的
Ⅴ.重点句型
1．随着技术的进步，我们有望拥有更多的选择，来实现这种平衡。
Hopefully,
________
technology
improves,
we
may
have
more
options
for
managing
this
balance.
2．这一天以各种方式举行纪念活动，包括发起新的运动和倡议，以及举行特别活动，所有这些都是为了促进海洋保护和海洋教育。
The
day
is
marked
in
a
variety
of
ways,
including
the
launching
of
new
campaigns
and
initiatives,
and
holding
special
events,
________________
to
advance
ocean
conservation
and
education.
根据课文(P32)内容判断正误(T/F)
1．Sea
exploration
has
caused
many
problems
but
will
stop
soon.( )
2．Plastic
pollution
is
also
a
killer
of
many
birds
and
fish.( )
3．Mining
for
resources
and
overfishing
are
very
damaging.( )
4．To
truly
protect
our
planet,
we
should
stop
sea
exploration.( )
5．As
technology
improves,
environmental
risks
have
been
balanced
with
economic
needs.( )
?第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1.mercy
n．仁慈；宽恕；怜悯；恩惠
(1)ask/beg
for
mercy
请求宽恕
怜悯/同情/可怜某人
at
the
mercy
of
任由……摆布
without
mercy
残忍地；毫不留情地
(2)merciful
adj.
宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的
(3)merciless
adj.
残忍的；无情的
?He
begs
for
mercy
and
forgiveness.他恳求怜悯和宽恕。
?They
had
no
mercy
on
the
poor.＝They
showed
no
mercy
to
the
poor.
他们对穷人毫不仁慈。
?I'm
not
going
to
put
myself
at
the
mercy
of
the
bank.
我不想任由银行摆布。
?He
attacked
their
values
without
mercy.他毫不留情地抨击他们的价值观。
?She
was
merciful
to
the
prisoners.她对犯人很仁慈。
语境助记：
God
showed
no
mercy
to
the
little
girl
and
took
her
arms
without
mercy
when
she
was
at
the
age
of
six
but
she
wasn't
at
the
mercy
of
fate
and
made
her
efforts
to
be
a
great
speaker.上帝对这个小女孩一点也不仁慈，在她6岁的时候无情地夺走了她的双臂，但她并没有接受命运的摆布，经过自己的努力成为了一位伟大的演说家。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Whether
the
secretary
will
be
fired
or
not
is
________
the
mercy
of
her
boss.
②The
husband
took
away
all
the
possessions
________
mercy
after
divorce.
③The
courts
are
expected
to
show
mercy
________
them
in
these
situations.＝The
courts
are
expected
to
have
mercy
________
them
in
these
situations.
④They
were
all
________
(mercy)
to
me,
and
I
lived.
2.possession
n．(尤作复数)个人财产；拥有；控制
(1)take
possession
of
占有，拥有；占领
in
possession
of
sth.
占有(或拥有)某物(表示主动)
in
the
possession
of
sb.
为某人所有(表示被动)
come
into
possession
of
占有某物
(2)possess
vt.
拥有；具有；支配
be
possessed
by
被……控制
be
possessed
of
具有(某种品质、能力等)
?Repairing
our
possessions
and
changing
our
spending
habits
may
be
the
best
way
to
reduce
the
amount
of
rubbish
and
take
care
of
our
environment.
修复我们的所有物并改变我们的消费习惯可能是减少垃圾、保护环境最好的办法。
?—Does
the
young
man
standing
there
take
possession
of
the
company?
—No.
The
company
is
in
the
possession
of
his
father.
——站在那边的那个年轻人拥有这家公司吗？
——不。他父亲拥有这家公司。
?My
friend,
Bob,
is
in
possession
of
most
of
the
company's
shares,
and
the
rest
are
in
the
possession
of
other
workers.
我的朋友Bob拥有这家公司的大部分股份，而剩下的则是其他工人所拥有。
?When
her
father
died,
she
possessed
a
large
fortune.父亲去世后，她继承了一大笔财产。
?He
is
possessed
of
great
self?confidence.他极有自信。
名师指津：
in
possession
of表示主动，意为“拥有……；占有……”，主语通常为表示人的词语；in
the
possession
of表示被动，意为“被……占有”，主语通常为表示物的词语。
有无the不一样的其他介词短语一览：
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He
was
then
arrested
and
charged
with
________
(possess)
a
gun.
②You
are
________
possession
of
supplies
that
we
vitally
need.
③When
can
I
take
possession
________
a
car
of
my
own?
④The
company
is
in
________
possession
of
Tom's
brother.
⑤People
lost
their
homes
and
all
their
________
(possess)
in
the
war.
3.opponent
n．反对者；对手；竞争者
(1)oppose
vt.
&
vi.
反对；抵制；使相对
oppose
(2)opposed
adj.
反对的；截然不同的
be
opposed
to
反对……；与……对立
?The
team's
opponents
are
unbeaten
so
far
this
season.该队的竞争对手本赛季尚无败绩。
?All
the
members
present
opposed
the
plan
bitterly.所有与会的成员都坚决反对这个计划。
?I
would
oppose
changing
the
plan.我反对改变这项计划。
?His
parents
are
opposed
to
the
marriage.他的父母反对这桩婚事。
名师指津：
(1)oppose后跟表示动作的词语作宾语时，后面要用动名词形式。be
opposed
to结构中，to是介词，其后的动词也要用动名词形式。
(2)表示反对的其他表达有disagree
with、object
to、be
against等。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He
opposed
________
(build)
a
new
hall.
②This
is
a
very
significant
shift
because
it
takes
the
wind
out
of
our
________
(opponent)．
③We
are
strongly
________
(oppose)
to
racial
discrimination.
4．arrest
n．[C，U]逮捕；拘留；中止 vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止；抑制；吸引(注意)
be
under
arrest
被捕；被拘留
arrest
sb.
for
sth.
因某事而逮捕某人
be
arrested
for
sth.
因某事而被捕
arrest
one's
attention
吸引某人的注意
?She
was
under
arrest
on
suspicion
of
murder.她因涉嫌谋杀而被逮捕。
?My
brother
was
arrested
for
drunk
driving.我哥哥因为酒驾被拘留。
?An
unusual
noise
arrested
his
attention.一阵不寻常的嘈杂声引起了他的注意。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I
got
arrested
________
careless
driving.
②Her
uncle
was
________
arrest,
but
nobody
knew
the
reason.
③Five
youths
________
(arrest)
in
connection
with
the
attack.
④Chandler,
I'm
going
to
have
you
________
(arrest)．
?第二版块|重点句型解构
1.(教材P32)Hopefully,
as
technology
improves,
we
may
have
more
options
for
managing
this
balance.希望随着技术的进步，我们可以有更多的选择来管理这种平衡。
[句式分析] as引导时间状语从句，常用来表示“一边……一边……；正当……的时候”；还可以用来表示时间的推移，意为“随着”。
as作为连词的用法主要有：
(1)“如同；按照”，引导方式状语从句。
(2)“当……的时候；一面……一面；随着”，引导时间状语从句。
(3)“因为；既然”，引导原因状语从句。
(4)“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，常用倒装语序，可与though互换。
(5)“和……一样”引导比较状语从句。
(6)“正如……”引导定语从句。
?They
sang
songs
as
they
were
doing
farm
work.他们一边干农活，一边唱歌。
?As
the
average
age
of
the
population
increases,
there
are
more
and
more
old
people
to
care
for.随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。
?When
in
Rome,
do
as
the
Romans
do.入乡随俗。
?As
he
wasn't
ready
in
time,
we
went
without
him.因为他没有及时准备好，我们没等他就走了。
?Child
as
he
is,
he
knows
a
lot.他虽然是个孩子，知道的却很多。
?The
result
was
as
good
as
I
had
expected.结果跟我预料的一样好。
?As
we
all
know,
success
comes
from
hard
work.众所周知，成功源于勤奋。
名师指津：
(1)as是连词，意为“随着”，引导时间状语从句。
(2)with是介词，意为“随着”，后接名词或代词等构成with短语或with复合结构。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译/句式升级
①________
technology
develops,
we
can
have
access
to
the
information
swiftly.
②In
brief,
do
________
the
Chinese
do
when
in
China.
③________
I
was
busy
preparing
for
my
final
exam,
I
didn't
reply
to
your
email
as
soon
as
I
received
it.
④I
got
close
enough
to
hear
them
speaking
Chinese,
and
I
said
“Ni
Hao”，
just
________
I
might
do
in
China.
随着时间的推移，我逐渐适应了学校生活。
⑤____________________，
I
gradually
adapted
myself
to
the
school
life.
(with)
⑥____________________，
I
gradually
adapted
myself
to
the
school
life.
(as)
⑦Although
they
were
tired,
they
stayed
up
preparing
the
report.
→____________________，
they
stayed
up
preparing
the
report.(倒装)
2.(教材P35)The
day
is
marked
in
a
variety
of
ways,
including
the
launching
of
new
campaigns
and
initiatives,
and
holding
special
events,
all
working
to
advance
ocean
conservation
and
education.这一天以各种方式举行纪念活动，包括发起新的运动和倡议，以及举行特别活动，所以这些都是为了促进海洋保护和海洋教育。
[句式分析] 本句中包含一个独立主格结构，在句中作状语。
独立主格结构是带有自己的逻辑主语的非谓语动词分句或无动词分句。由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语，其在结构上与主句无关系，因此称之为“独立主格结构”。其实，所谓“独立主格结构”并非真正独立，它还是一种从属分句，与主句紧密联系在一起，共同表达一个完整的意思，通常在句中作状语。独立主格结构可放在句首、句尾，用逗号和主句隔开。
独立主格结构可以分为两部分：一部分是名词或代词，起逻辑主语的作用；另一部分是非谓语动词(现在分词、过去分词、不定式)或名词、形容词、副词或介词短语，表示前面名词或代词的动作或状态。基本形式是“名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语”。
?So
many
students
being
absent,
the
meeting
had
to
be
put
off.
这么多学生缺席，会议不得不推迟。
?His
wallet
having
been
stolen,
he
didn't
know
what
to
do
next.
他的钱包被偷了，他不知道接下来该怎么办。
?These
are
the
first
two
books,
the
third
one
to
come
out
next
month.
这是头两本书，下个月出版第三本。
?I
heard
that
she
got
injured
in
the
accident,
my
heart
full
of
sorrow.
听说她在事故中受伤了，我心里十分悲伤。
?The
boy
lay
on
his
back,
his
hands
crossed
under
his
head.
男孩仰卧着，双手交叉放在头后。
名师指津：
在英语中，谓语只能是动词，不是谓语的动词全部改成非谓语动词。独立主格结构在句中作状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表原因、时间、条件、伴随、目的及状态等。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
weather
________
(be)
fine,
they
decided
to
go
out
for
a
walk.
②The
composition
given
by
the
teacher
________
(do)
well,
Alice
went
to
watch
TV.
③Everything
________
(take)
into
consideration,
his
work
is
well
done.
④All
his
work
________
(finish),
he
left
his
office
at
ease.
⑤The
power
station
was
built
on
the
river,
our
village
and
some
others
________
(supply)
with
electricity.
⑥There
________
(be)
nothing
else
to
do,
we
left.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．You
can
use
a
________
(目录)
service
to
search
for
people
on
the
Internet.
2．Policemen
have
authority
to
________
(逮捕)
lawbreakers.
3．No
minerals
have
yet
been
________
(开发)
in
Antarctica.
4．The
ring
is
one
of
her
most
treasured
________
(财产)．
5．They
killed
the
injured
animals
without
________
(仁慈)．
6．He
was
charged
with
________
(谋杀)
but
found
innocent
later.
7．The
boxer
outweighed
his
________
(对手)
by
15
pounds.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I
pray
you
to
show
mercy
________
the
child.
2．Tom
is
very
annoyed
because
his
brother
is
________
possession
of
all
the
business.
3．She
was
________
arrest
on
suspicion
of
murder.
4．He
denies
________
(murder)
his
wife's
lover.
5．The
government
insists
on
________
(exploit)
the
west
of
the
nation.
6．Tony
lent
me
the
money,
________
(hope)
that
I'd
do
as
much
for
him.
7．Time
________
(permit),
the
restoration
work
could
be
done
better.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．它一定是属于一位私人收藏家的。
It
must
have
been
________________________
a
private
collector.
2．我的生活很充实，没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。
I
have
a
very
busy
life
with
no
time
to
sit
around
________________________.
3．在合同签订后三周内，你才能合法拥有这份财产。
You
can't
legally
________________________
the
property
until
three
weeks
after
the
contract
is
signed.
4．这个消息震惊了公众，引起了对在校学生安全的极大担忧。
The
news
shocked
the
public,
________________________
about
students'
safety
at
school.
5．随着技术的发展和生活水平的提高，互联网已进入寻常百姓家。
________________________，
the
Internet
has
entered
the
ordinary
people's
homes.
Section
Ⅲ Using
Language
&
Assessing
Your
Progress新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．directory 2.meanwhile 3.opponent 4.log 5.arrest
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．migration migrate 2.murder murderer 3.mercy merciful 4.possession possess
Ⅲ.阅读词汇
1．开发；利用；剥削 2.加仑 3.海的；海产的；海生的
Ⅳ.重点短语
1．to 2.apart 3.of 4.doing 5.to 6.address 7.action 8.as 9.of
Ⅴ.重点句型
1．as 2.all
working
文本研析·语篇理解
1．F 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.F
核心突破·互动探究
?第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．①at ②without ③to on/upon ④merciful
2．①possessing ②in ③of ④the ⑤possessions
3．①building ②opponents ③opposed
4．①for ②under ③were
arrested ④arrested
?第二版块|重点句型解构
1．①As ②as ③As/Because ④as ⑤With
time
going
by ⑥As
time
went
by ⑦Tired
as/though
they
were
2．①being ②done ③taken ④finished ⑤supplied ⑥being
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．directory 2.arrest 3.exploited 4.possessions 5.mercy 6.murder 7.opponent
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．to 2.in 3.under 4.murdering 5.exploiting 6.hoping 7.permitting
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．in
the
possession
of 2.feeling
sorry
for
myself 3.take
possession
of 4.leading
to
great
concern 5.As
technology
develops
and
life
improves
-
2
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