(共28张PPT)
UNIT
1
单元重点回顾
英
语
2021
主题语境
人与社会 社会服务与人际沟通
重点词汇
1.humour
n.幽默感
a
sense
of
humour幽默感
a
good/bad
humour心情好/坏
in
no
humour没心思?
out
of
humour情绪不好
humorous
adj.幽默的;滑稽的
2.occasionally
adv.偶尔;偶然
occasion
n.场合;时机
occasion有时,偶尔?
if
the
occasion
arises
(=if
the
occasion
should
arise)必要的时候
on
one
occasion曾经,有一次
on
several
occasions屡次,好几次
take/seize
the
occasion
to
do抓住……的时机,乘机……
occasional
adj.偶尔的
in
on
3.add
up
合计达,总计达
add
to使增强,使增加,使扩大?
add
把……加起来,相加;
合乎情理,有道理
add...to...把……加到……里?
add
that...补充说……
4.used
to过去经常,曾经
be/get/become
used
to适应,习惯于……
be/get
accnstomed
to习惯于
be
used
to
sth被用来做某事?
be
used
...被用作……?
to
up
do
as
5.practical
adj.实际的;实践的;切实可行的
for
all
practical
purposes实际上,事实上
practise
v.练习,训练
practice
v.练习,训练 n.练习;习惯,惯例;实践
impractical
adj.不切实际的;不实用的
6.for
the
first
time初次,第一次
time迟早;最后;及时?
on
time准时
all
the
time一直,始终
at
one
time曾经,一度
at
a
time每次,逐一
from
time
to
time有时,偶尔
in
no
time立刻,马上
at
times有时
in
7.pour
v.灌,注,倒
pour
向下倾注;流下?
pour
in大量地涌进来;倒入,使涌入
pour
into不断地或大量地流进或涌进
pour
out倒出;倾诉;倾吐
8.lack
v.缺乏,不足
lack
for
sth需要某物
lack
for
nothing一无所缺
be
lacking
缺乏(品质、特点等)?
for
lack
因缺乏
have
no
lack
of不缺乏?
be
short
of缺少
down
in
of
9.drag
vt.拖,拉
drag
down把……向下拖,使衰弱
drag
in插入讨论中
drag
on拖延
drag
one’s
feet拖着脚走,迟缓误事,拖拉,不合作
drag
out使拖延,延长
drag
up把……拉扯大;重新提起;翻……的旧账
10.access
n.进入;接触的机会
be
easy/hard/difficult
of
access容易/难接近
give
access
接见;
准许进入
have/gain/get/obtain
access
to...有/获得……?
accessible
adj.可接近的;可进入的;可使用的
be
accessible
to
sb某人可接近/可进入/可使用
to
11.worthwhile
adj.值得做的;重要的;有益的
it
is
worthwhile
to
do/doing
sth值得做某事
worth
adj.值得的
be
worth
sth值得做某事?
worthy
adj.值得的
be
worthy
sth值得……的?
be
worthy
to
be
done/of
being
done值得被做
12.preference
n.偏爱,偏好
have
a
preference
for偏爱……
give
preference
...给予……优惠/优待
in
preference
to而不是?
prefer
v.更喜欢,偏爱
prefer
A
to
B与B相比,更喜欢A
prefer
to
do...rather
than
do...宁愿做……,而不愿做……
doing
of
to
13.ashamed
adj.羞愧的;内疚的;惭愧的
be/feel
ashamed
of
(doing)
sth对(做)某事感到羞耻
be/feel
ashamed
of
oneself
for
doing
sth因为做某事而感到羞耻/羞愧
be
ashamed
to
do
sth以做某事为耻;羞于做某事
shame
n.羞耻;羞愧;惭愧;令人惋惜的事;让人遗憾的事(=pity)
shame羞愧地
one’s
shame使某人惭愧的是?
it’s
a
shame
(that)...令人遗憾的是……
what
a
shame真遗憾/真可惜/真可耻
shameful
adj.可耻的,丢脸的
in
to
14.intention
n.意图,目的;打算
with
the
intention
of
(doing)
sth带着(做)某事的目的
intend
vt.想要,打算;为特殊目的而设计
intend
to
do
sth/intend
doing
sth打算做某事
intend
to
have
done
sth/had
intended
to
do
sth原本想做某事
intend
sb
to
do
sth打算要某人做某事
be
intended
...为……打算/设计?
for
15.demanding
adj.要求严格的;费力的
demand
n.要求,请求 v.要求,请求
demand
sth
from/of
sb向某人要求某物
demand
that...要求……,请求……(虚拟语气)
demand
to
do
sth要求做某事
sth
demand
doing=sth
demand
to
be
done某事(物)需要被……
great
demand非常需要的
meet/satisfy
the
demand
of...满足……的要求?
in
16.manner
n.方式,方法
in
the
manner
of...用……的方式
in
a...manner以……的方式
good
manners有礼貌
bad
manners没礼貌
it’s
good/bad
manners
to
do
sth做某事是有/无礼貌的
17.sensitive
adj.敏感的;善解人意的
sense
vt.感觉到;检测 n.感觉,功能;观念
make
sense有道理,合乎情理,明智
make
sense
of
sth理解或弄懂某事
there
is
no/little
sense/point
(in)
doing
sth做某事没有意义/没有多大意义
come
to
one’s
senses醒过来
lose
one’s
senses失去理智;
糊涂了;
发疯
a
sense在某种意义上
in
every
sense在各种意义上?
in
no
sense决不
a/the
sense
of
direction/humour/duty/responsibility方向感/幽默感/职责感/责任感
in
broad/narrow
sense广义上/狭义上
senseless
adj.毫无意义的
sensible
adj.明智的;可感觉到的
in
18.flow
n.流动 vi.流,流动
flow
away流走
flow
from从……流走
flow
in流入
flow
out流出
flow
over溢出;横流
flow
to流向
flow
with被……淹过;富有……
19.associate
vt.与某人交往
associate
with与某人交往
associate
A
with
B
将A
与B
联系起来
be
associated
...与……有关联?
business
associate生意伙伴
association
n.联想,联合,社团
in
association
with...与……有关联
with
20.reserved
adj.含蓄的;内敛的
reserve
vt.&
n.预订,预约;保留;储备;(动植物)保护区
reserve
sth(for
sb/sth)为(某人/某物)预订/预约(座位、房间等)
reserve
the
right拥有权力
reserve储备;备用?
reservation
n.保留意见;疑惑;(旅馆、房间等的)预订,预约
express
reservations
持保留意见
make
reservations/a
reservation预定,预约
without
reservation毫无保留地
in
21.reality
n.现实;真实
in
reality事实上,实际上
come
into
reality实现
real
adj.真实的,现实的
really
adv.真实地,现实地
realistic
adj.现实的;现实主义的
realize
vt.实现;意识到,了解
22.desperate
adj.拼命的;绝望的;不顾一切的;很渴望的
be
desperate
to
do
sth很想做某事
be
desperate
sth渴望某物
desperately
adv.绝望地;极度地?
desperation
n.不顾一切;绝望
for
23.depressed
adj.沮丧的,忧愁的
depress
vt.使沮丧;压下;使萧条;降低;压抑
depressing
adj.令人沮丧的
depressive
adj.抑郁的 depression
n.沮丧;萧条
24.delay
vi.&vt.推迟;延期;延误
delay
sth耽误做某事?
be
delayed
by...因……而延误
without
delay赶快,立刻
25.bend
vi.&
vt.弯腰;俯身;向下弯
bend
弯腰,俯身?
be
bent
on
doing
sth一心想要做某事;决心要做某事
bend
one’s
mind
to
sth专心于某事
bend
(sb)
to
sth(迫使某人)屈服,顺从
doing
over
plain
vi.&vt.抱怨;不满;发牢骚
complain
(to
sb)
about/of
/that...(向某人)抱怨……
complain
of
sth诉说(病痛等)
complaint
n.抱怨;投诉
make
a
complaint
against/about...对……进行投诉
27.appointment
n.约定;约会
have
an
appointment
with
sb与某人有个约定
by
appointment通过预约
take
up
an
appointment就职;上任
appoint
vt.任命,委任;指定(时间、地点)
the
appointed
time指定的/约定的时间
appoint
sb
as/to
be+职位 任命某人担任某职位(职位前不用冠词)
28.organise
vt.组织,筹划
organise
sb/sth
into
sth把……组成
organised
adj.有组织的,系统的
organiser
n.组织者,安排者
organisation
n.组织;机构
petitor
n.选手,参赛者
compete
vi.比赛,竞争
compete
in参加……比赛
compete
为争取……而竞争?
compete
with/against
sb同某人竞争
competition
n.竞争
competitive
adj.竞争的,有竞争力的
for
30.progression
n.变化,发展
progress
n.进步;发展;前进 v.进步;发展;缓速前进;促进
progress进行中
progress
in/with在……方面取得进展?
progress
to进入……
31.engagement
n.参与
engagement
for
……的约会
engagement
with
sb与某人的约会
engage
v.雇佣;与……交战;答应;订婚;预定;参加;从事
engaged
adj.忙碌的;已订婚的
engage
参加;从事;忙于?
be
engaged
订婚?
in
in
to
32.take
占据
take
over夺取;接管?
take
over
to移交;遗留给
take
along随身带着
take
away带走,使离去
take
接纳;收容;消化;吸收;理解;欺骗?
take
off脱;去掉;起飞;(事业)蓬勃发展
take
out拿出,取出
take
after与……相像
take
on呈现;具有;担任(工作);承担(责任);雇用
take
back退回;收回;接回
take
to爱;喜欢;沉迷于
up
in
33.approval
n.赞许;认可
approve
v.批准;赞成;同意;称许
approve
赞成,赞许;认可
disapprove
v.不赞成;不同意;不批准?
34.defend
vi.&vt.保护,保卫
defend...from/against...保护……使不受……,为……辩护
defend
oneself自卫
defence
n.防御;辩护;防务
in
defence
为……辩护;防卫
in
one’s
defence为某人辩护
of
of
重点句型
1.Sometimes
I
think, I
could
call
him
and
ask
for
his
opinion!有时我想,要是我能打电话问问他的意见就好了!(P8)?
2.Then
we
could
make
sure
that
we
find
the
path
success,both
at
school
and
in
later
life,for
all
of
them.然后我们可以确保我们找到了成功的道路,无论是在学校还是在以后的生活中,为他们所有人。(P9)?
if
only
to
3.According
to
research,over
of
young
people
find
it
easier
to
make
friends
online
than
it
is
“in
real
life”.根据一项调查,超过三分之二的年轻人发现在网上交友比在“现实生活”中更容易。(P14-15)?
4.
funny
that
my
friends
and
I
chatter
away
online
so
much,but
we
end
up
having
nothing
to
say
when
we
meet.有趣的是,我和我的朋友经常在网上畅聊,但我们见面时却无话可说。(P15)?
two-thirds
It’s
5.Peer
pressure
can
happen
when
we
are
influenced
to
do
something
we
would
not
usually
do
because
we
want
to
be
accepted
by
our
peers.当我们被影响去做一些我们通常不会做的事情时,因为我们想要被我们的同伴接受,同辈压力就会发生。(P21)?
6.When
bad
or
stressed,introverts
look
inside
themselves
for
energy
and
motivation.感觉不好或有压力时,内向的人会从内心寻找能量和动力。(P22-23)?
that
feeling
重点语法
过去完成时
1.表示某一动作在过去某一时刻之前已完成。
He
had
gone
to
bed
by
10:00
last
night.
昨夜十点钟之前他已上床睡觉了。
2.与一般过去时搭配,表达某一动作在过去的动作发生时已完成。
The
train
had
started
when
I
got
to
the
station.
当我到达车站时火车已开走了。
3.表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for
(后跟时间段)或since
(后跟时间点/一般过去时从句)等连用。
She
had
worked
in
this
school
since
it
opened
25
years
ago.
自从二十五年前这所学校开办以来,她一直在这里工作。
本课结束(共116张PPT)
UNIT
1
Section
B LESSON
2
&
LESSON
3
英
语
2021
内容索引
课前篇
自主预习
课堂篇
互动探究
课前篇
自主预习
Ⅰ.知识体系图解
重点词汇
1.feedback
n. ?
2.highlight
vt.
?
3.tense
n.
?
4.social
networking
?
5.socialise
vi.
?
6.laptop
n.
?
7.app
n.
?
反馈意见
标出;突出显示
时态
社交网络
交友;交际;交往
笔记本电脑,便携式电脑
应用程序
8.dorm
n.
?
9.wired
adj.
?
10.distracted
adj.
?
11.million
n.
?
12.obsess
vt.
?
13.mate
n.
?
14.dominate
vi.&
vt.
?
15.deadline
n.
?
16.scroll
vi.
?
寝室,学生宿舍
联网的;极其兴奋的
心神不定的,精神无法集中的
百万
使迷恋
朋友,伙伴
主宰,支配,控制
截止日期,最后期限
上下滚动
17.inch
n.
?
18.stimulation
n.
?
19.intense
adj.
?
20.extraordinary
adj.
?
21.alcoholic
n.
?
adj.
?
22.booze
n.
?
23.hard-wired
adj.
?
英寸
刺激
紧张的,激烈的;剧烈的
令人惊奇的,异乎寻常的
酗酒者,嗜酒成瘾者
(含)酒精的
酒
硬件控制的;天生的
24.
vt.处理(难题);应付(局面)?
25.
n.偏爱,偏好?
26.
vt.使生气,使心烦意乱?
adj.烦恼的,心烦意乱的
27.
adj.羞愧的;内疚的;惭愧的?
28.
n.意图,目的;打算?
29.
adj.要求严格的;费力的?
30.
adj.有效的?
31.
vt.提出,提起?
handle
preference
upset
ashamed
intention
demanding
effective
raise
32.
n.方式,方法?
33.
adj.敏感的;善解人意的?
34.
adv.持续不断地?
35.
n.流动 vi.流,流动?
36.
vt.与某人交往?
37.
adv.几乎不?
38.
adj.含蓄的;内敛的?
39.
n.现实;真实?
40.
vi.&
vt.努力赢得?
n.追逐,追赶
manner
sensitive
constantly
flow
associate
barely
reserved
reality
chase
41.
adj.拼命的;绝望的?
42.
adj.沮丧的,忧愁的?
43.
vi.&
vt.推迟,延期?
44.
vi.唠叨,喋喋不休?
45.
vi.&
vt.弯腰;俯身?
46.
adj.无礼的?
47.
vi.&
vt.抱怨;不满;发牢骚?
48.
n.约定;约会?
desperate
depressed
delay
chatter
bend
rude
complain
appointment
重点短语
1.obsess
over ?
2.chatter
away
?
3.way
beyond
?
4.go
cold
turkey
?
5. ?
事实上
6. ?
追逐
7. ?
与某人交往
对……担心
喋喋不休
远远超过
突然戒掉烟、酒、网瘾
in
reality
chase
after
associate
with
重点句式
1.According
to
research,over
two-thirds
of
young
people
find
it
easier
to
make
friends
online
than
it
is
“in
real
life”.
2.It’s
funny
that
my
friends
and
I
chatter
away
online
so
much,but
we
end
up
having
nothing
to
say
when
we
meet.
Ⅱ.阅读导学
A.阅读P14-15文章,判断正(T)误(F)。
1.The
author
is
a
student
of
a
university.
2.The
author
never
feels
lonely
because
he
has
made
lots
of
friends
and
has
many
followers.
3.The
author
likes
downloading
videos
and
enjoys
them
from
beginning
to
end.
4.When
outing,the
author’s
sister
would
be
addicted
to
her
phone
without
looking
out
of
the
window.
5.The
author
hopes
to
give
up
his
phone,but
in
vain.
答案1~5
TFFTT
B.阅读P14-15文章,选出最佳选项。
1.When
does
the
author
live
without
checking
through
his
social
networking
apps?
A.In
a
shower.
B.On
the
way
to
school.
C.Having
a
coffee.
D.Having
a
sound
sleep.
答案
D
2.What
can
we
know
about
the
author?
A.He
has
lots
of
friends
online.
B.He
is
a
reserved
person.
C.He
never
attends
parties.
D.He
never
feels
lonely.
3.What
does
the
author
spend
most
of
his
spare
time
doing?
A.Doing
homework.
B.Playing
sports.
C.Going
online.
D.Watching
TV.
答案
A
答案
C
4.What
is
polite
when
having
a
get-together
dinner
according
to
the
author?
A.Taking
a
call
too
long.
B.Bending
over
phones.
C.Having
a
face-to-face
talk.
D.Looking
out
of
the
window.
答案
C
课堂篇
互动探究
重点词汇
1to
depend
on
personal
preference取决于个人喜好(P12)
【词汇精讲】preference用作名词,意为“偏爱,偏好”。还可以译为“喜爱物;优惠”。
It’s
entirely
a
matter
of
preference.
这完全是个见仁见智的问题。
Which
is
your
preference,tea
or
coffee?
茶和咖啡,你更喜欢哪一样?
【词汇拓展】
have
a
preference
for 偏爱……
give
preference
to...
给予……优惠/优待
show
preference
for
显示偏好
in
preference
to
而不是
prefer
v.
更喜欢,偏爱
prefer
A
to
B
与B相比,更喜欢A
prefer
to
do...rather
than
do...
宁愿做……,而不愿做……
We’ll
give
preference
to
children
and
the
aged.
我们将给儿童和老人优待。
Parents
should
not
show
preference
for
any
one
of
their
children.
父母不应流露出对任何一个孩子的偏心。
【微写作】
When
talking
about
my
reading
preference,I
think
I
prefer
science
books.
说到我的阅读偏好,我想我更喜欢科学类图书。
【迁移应用】
完成句子
(1)他表示更希望出国留学。
He
expressed
his going
abroad
for
further
education.?
(2)对于求职者,我们优先考虑有一定经验的人。
In
considering
people
for
jobs,we those
with
some
experience.?
(3)即使在假日,王先生也喜欢读书而不愿闲着。
Even
on
holidays
Mr
Wang
reading
doing
nothing.?
preference
for
give
preference
to
prefers
to
(4)我们宁愿晚上加班,也不愿把工作留到下一个星期。
We
to
work
extra
hours
at
night
leave
the
work
until
next
week.?
(5)我更喜欢住在乡下的一个原因是那儿没有空气污染和交通堵塞。
One
reason
for
my
for
living
in
the
countryside
is
that
it
has
no
air
pollution
or
traffic
jams.?
prefer
rather
than
preference
2to
get
upset感到心烦(P12)
【词汇精讲】upset用作形容词,意为“烦恼的,心烦意乱的”。后面可以跟about,表示“对……难过/失望”。还可以用作动词,意为“使生气,使心烦意乱”。也可以用作名词,意为“倾覆,难过,心烦意乱,(肠胃)不舒服”。
(1)upset用作及物动词,表示“打翻,使难过,使不舒服,打乱,搅乱”。如:
Do
you
know
what
upset
him
so
much?
你知道是什么让他如此难过吗?
By
avoiding
things
likely
to
upset
your
neighbours,you
can
enjoy
a
friendly
relationship
with
them.
通过避免做可能让邻居难受的事情,你可以和邻居友好相处。
(2)upset用作形容词,表示“翻倒的,难过的,不高兴的,(肠胃)不舒服的”。如:
(2020全国卷Ⅲ)I
do
know
how
upset
the
shop
staff
can
get,but
I
try
to
persuade
them
to
keep
smiling.
我知道店员会有多生气,但我试着说服他们保持微笑。
I
didn’t
have
a
good
sleep
last
night
with
an
upset
stomach.
我的肠胃不舒服,昨晚没睡好。
(3)upset用作名词,意为“倾覆,难过,心烦意乱,(肠胃)不舒服”。如:
The
evening
walk
was
a
time
to
shake
off
the
day’s
upsets.
傍晚的散步是去除一天的不安的一段时光。
The
way
her
father
treated
her
gave
her
quite
an
upset.
她的父亲对待她的方式使她大为难过。
It
wasn’t
anything
serious.A
mild
stomach
upset.That’s
all.
没什么严重的,只是轻微的肠胃不适而已。
【迁移应用】
完成句子
(1)突如其来的暴风雨打乱了我们的野餐计划。
The
unexpected
storm .?
(2)何必因为得的分数低就想不开?
Why just
because
you
got
a
bad
mark??
(3)——我昨天本不该对你大吼大叫,莉莉。
——哎呀,别难过了。让我们忘了它吧。
—I
shouldn’t
have
shouted
at
you
yesterday,Lily.
—Well,don’t
be it.Let’s
just
forget
it.?
upset
our
plans
for
a
picnic
get
upset
upset
about
3to
feel
hurt/ashamed/discouraged觉得受伤/惭愧/气馁(P12)
【词汇精讲】ashamed用作形容词,意为“羞愧的;内疚的;惭愧的”。
He
is
ashamed
of
his
former
dishonourable
action.
他对他以前不光彩的行为感到羞愧。
He
was
ashamed
that
he
had
lied.
他很惭愧他说了谎。
She
seemed
ashamed,and
turned
away
as
we
went
by.
她似乎很羞愧,所以在我们走过的时候,她把头扭过去了。
【词汇拓展】
be/feel
ashamed
of
(doing)
sth
对(做)某事感到羞耻
be/feel
ashamed
of
oneself
for
doing
sth
因为做某事而感到羞耻/羞愧
be
ashamed
to
do
sth
以做某事为耻;羞于做某事
shame
n.
羞耻;羞愧;惭愧;令人惋惜的事;让人遗憾的事(=pity)
in
shame
羞愧地
to
one’s
shame
使某人惭愧的是
it’s
a
shame
(that)...
令人遗憾的是……
what
a
shame
真遗憾/真可惜/真可耻
shameful
adj.
可耻的,丢脸的
(2020全国卷Ⅰ)We
are
often
ashamed
of
our
shortcomings,our
mistakes
and
our
failures.
我们常常为自己的缺点、错误和失败而感到羞愧。
【迁移应用】
完成句子
(1)我羞于告诉他我考试不及格。
I that
I
had
failed
in
the
exam.?
(2)你应该为考试作弊而羞愧。
You
should for
having
cheated
in
the
exam.?
(3)真遗憾,这场雨把我们的野餐给毁了。
the
rain
spoiled
our
picnic.?
was
ashamed
to
tell
him
be/feel
ashamed
of
yourself
It’s
a
shame
that
4But
I
do
understand
my
teacher’s
intention.但我确实理解老师的意图。(P105)
【词汇精讲】在本句中intention用作名词,意为“意图,目的;打算”。
I
held
back
not
knowing
his
real
intention.
我有点犹豫不定,不知道他的真正意图是什么。
(2020全国卷Ⅱ)Using
emojis
can
add
humour
and
feeling,keeping
intention
clear.
使用表情符号可以增加幽默和感觉,保持意图清晰。
【词汇拓展】
with
the
intention
of
(doing)
sth带着(做)某事的目的
intend
vt.
想要,打算;为特殊目的而设计
intend
to
do
sth/intend
doing
sth打算做某事
intend
to
have
done
sth/had
intended
to
do
sth原本想做某事
intend
sb
to
do
sth 打算要某人做某事
be
intended
for...
为……打算/设计
【微写作】
The
rich
man
went
abroad
with
the
intention
of
trying
his
fortune,while
the
poor
man
intended
to
learn
some
skills
of
earning
money.富人出国是想碰碰运气,而穷人则是想学点赚钱的本领。
【迁移应用】
完成句子
(1)这档节目是为五至七岁的儿童开设的。
The
programme children
aged
between
5
and
7.?
(2)他原本打算告诉她这个消息的,但被他的妈妈拦住了。
He to
tell
her
the
news,but
was
prevented
by
his
mother.?
(3)我开始读这本书时想读完它,可是我从来没把它读完过。
I
began
reading ? finishing
the
book,but
I
never
did.?
is
intended
for
had
intended
with
the
intention
of
(4)我们原打算在那个下雨的下午去远足,但被父母说服了,放弃了那个疯狂的计划。
We to
go
hiking
on
that
rainy
afternoon,but
were
talked
out
of
the
crazy
plan
by
our
parents.?
(5)让父母担心的是,他们的儿子虽然已经三十多岁了,却还丝毫没有结婚的打算。
What
worried
the
parents
was
that
their
son,though
already
in
his
thirties,had
not
the
slightest
of
marrying.?
had
intended
intention
【词汇精讲】在本句中demanding用作形容词,意为“要求严格的;
要求多的;费力的;吃力的”。
Teaching
is
a
demanding
profession.
教学是个要求很高的工作。
Certainly
I
agree
with
you
that
this
kind
of
work
is
both
dangerous
and
demanding.
我当然同意你的看法,这种工作既危险,要求又严格。
【词汇拓展】
demand
n.
要求,请求
v.
要求,请求
demand
sth
from/of
sb
向某人要求某物
demand
that...
要求……,请求……(虚拟语气)
demand
to
do
sth 要求做某事
sth
demand
doing=sth
demand
to
be
done
某事(物)需要被……
in
great
demand
非常需要的
meet/satisfy
the
demand
of...
满足……的要求
(1)demand
vt.需要,强烈要求。主要用法有:①demand
sth;②demand
to
do
sth;③demand+that从句。
The
workers
demanded
changes
of
the
rule.
工人们要求改变这项规章制度。
He
demanded
to
be
told
everything
about
the
accident.
他要求知道事故的所有情况。
(2)demand后跟that引导的宾语从句时,从句谓语用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”,should可省略。如:
The
students
demanded
that
the
library
(should)
be
open
at
weekends.
学生们要求图书馆周末开放。
【迁移应用】
完成句子
(1)我爷爷的唯一要求就是在他去世后把他埋在他的家乡。
My
grandfather’s
only
demand
is
that
he
in
his
hometown
after
his
death.?
(2)秘书要求将她的工资再涨20%,老板当然不同意。
The
secretary
demanded
that
her
salary
by
another
20%,which
of
course
met
with
the
boss’s
disapproval.?
should
be
buried
should
be
raised
(3)这所乡村小学需要很多老师。
Teachers
are
in
this
village
primary
school.?
(4)我发现满足他的所有要求几乎是不可能的。
I
find
it
almost
impossible
.?
in
great
demand
to
satisfy
all
his
demands
6It
also
gives
us
an
opportunity
to
raise
further
questions
about
anything
we
don’t
understand.
这也给我们提供了一个机会,对任何我们不理解的东西提出进一步的问题。(P105)
【词汇精讲】在本句中raise用作动词,意为“提出,提起”。还可以意为“提高;引起;升起;举起;饲养;筹集,募集;养育”。
(2020江苏卷)Best
of
all,humor
raises
your
energy,and
that
can
have
an
effect
on
everything
you
do
at
school,at
work,or
in
your
personal
life.
最重要的是,幽默能提升你的能量,这能对你在学校、工作或个人生活中的任何事情产生影响。
(2020浙江卷)Farming
produced
more
food
per
person
than
hunting
and
gathering,so
people
were
able
to
raise
more
children.
农业比狩猎和采集生产更多的食物,所以人们能够养育更多的孩子。
The
new
project
raised
angry
protests
from
local
residents.
新的工程引起了当地居民的愤怒抗议。
【词语辨析】
arise,raise与rise
(1)arise表示“出现,产生”,一般指不好的事情,比如危险出现、不好的后果产生等。注意:arise为不及物动词,不能用于被动语态。如:
A
new
difficulty
has
arisen.
出现了新的困难。
Emotional
or
mental
problems
can
arise
from
a
physical
cause.
生理原因可引起情绪或精神问题。
(2)raise为及物动词,意为“举起,提起,抬高,养育,饲养”等,强调主语发出的动作是要作用于其宾语的。常见的搭配有:raise
a
subject
提出一个问题;raise
one’s
voice
提高嗓门;raise
a
family
养家糊口;raise/collect
money
筹款;raise
chicken/fish
养鸡/养鱼。如:
They
raise
glasses
to
the
friendship
between
the
two
countries.
他们举杯为两国之间的友谊干杯。
Young
pigeons
have
been
raised
for
centuries
for
food.
饲养乳鸽作为食物已有几百年的历史。
(3)rise是不及物动词,表示“上升,升高”,其主语可以是抽象名词或具体名词,常用于日、月、星辰以及烟、云、水蒸气、气温、物价、水位等,说明主语自身移向较高的位置。注意:rise是不及物动词,不能跟宾语,也不能用于被动语态。如:
The
sun
was
rising
when
we
got
to
the
top
of
the
mountain.
太阳出来时我们来到了山顶。
Soon
steam
can
be
seen
rising
from
the
wet
clothes.
很快就看见水蒸气从湿衣服里冒出来。
【迁移应用】
写出下列句子中raise的汉语意思
(1)A
lot
of
money
has
been
raised
to
help
poor
children
to
finish
school. ?
(2)The
teacher
stopped
and
a
girl
at
the
back
of
the
class
raised
her
hand. ?
(3)We
must
raise
the
living
standard
of
the
people. ?
(4)I
wanted
to
raise
a
question
to
the
chairman
but
in
a
moment
I
lost
my
courage. ?
(5)He
had
to
raise
a
family. ?
筹集
举起
提高
提出
养活
完成句子
(6)你是如何轻易地举起这么重的箱子的?
How
can
you
such
a
heavy
box
so
easily??
(7)昨天太阳是在七点钟升起来的。
The
sun
at
seven
o’clock
yesterday.?
(8)我们还要积累新经验,还会遇到新问题,然后提出新办法。
We
shall
accumulate
new
experience
and
try
new
solutions
as
new
problems
.?
raise
rose
arise
7I
can
agree
with
you
about
that,but
to
be
more
helpful,if
we
need
to
give
negative
feedback,we
should
do
it
in
a
less
direct
manner,especially
to
those
who
are
shy
or
sensitive.我同意你的看法,但是为了更有帮助,如果我们需要给予负面的反馈,我们应该用一种不那么直接的方式,尤其是对那些害羞或敏感的人。(P106)
【词汇精讲1】在本句中manner用作名词,意为“方式,方法”。还可以意为“礼貌;态度”,manner当“礼貌”讲时,常用复数形式;当“方式,方法”讲时,常视作单数形式。
The
Swiss
follow
formal
table
manners.
瑞士人遵循正式的餐桌礼仪。
I
can’t
stand
you
speaking
to
your
mother
in
a
rude
manner.You
must
apologise
to
her
immediately.
我不能忍受你用粗鲁的方式跟你的母亲说话。你必须立刻向她道歉。
【词汇拓展1】
in
the
manner
of... 用……的方式
in
a...manner
以……的方式
good
manners
有礼貌
bad
manners
没礼貌
it’s
good/bad
manners
to
do
sth
做某事是有/无礼貌的
【迁移应用1】
完成句子
(1)你吃着东西的时候说话是不礼貌的。
It’s
to
talk
with
your
mouth
full
of
food.?
(2)排队等候是有礼貌的行为。
to
wait
in
line.?
(3)他待我们非常友好。
He
treats
us .?
bad
manners
It
is
good
manners
in
a
friendly
manner
【词汇精讲2】在本句中sensitive用作形容词,意为“敏感的;善解人意的”。
Don’t
be
so
sensitive
and
I
was
not
criticising
you.
别那么敏感,我不是在批评你。
I
have
a
helpful
and
sensitive
friend.
我有一位乐于助人、善解人意的朋友。
【词汇拓展2】
sense
vt.
感觉到;检测
n.
感觉,功能;观念
make
sense
有道理,合乎情理,明智
make
sense
of
sth
理解或弄懂某事
there
is
no/little
sense/point
(in)
doing
sth
做某事没有意义/没有多大意义
come
to
one’s
senses
醒过来
lose
one’s
senses 失去理智;
糊涂了;
发疯
in
a
sense
在某种意义上
in
every
sense
在各种意义上
in
no
sense
决不
a/the
sense
of
direction/humour/duty/responsibility
方向感/幽默感/职责感/责任感
in
broad/narrow
sense
广义上/狭义上
senseless
adj.
毫无意义的
sensible
adj.
明智的;可感觉到的
【微写作】
Only
if
you
put
the
sun
there
did
the
movements
of
the
other
planets
in
the
sky
make
sense.
只有当你把太阳放在那里,天空中其他行星的运动才有意义。
【迁移应用2】
完成句子
(1)她虽然什么也没说,但我已意识到她不喜欢这个主意。
Although
she
didn’t
say
anything,I
that
she
didn’t
like
the
idea.?
(2)因为演讲者的地方口音很重,汤姆一点都听不懂他所说的。
The
speaker
had
a
strong
accent,so
Tom
couldn’t
what
he
had
said.?
(3)我领会这种紧迫的感觉因为我自己就能体会到。
I
appreciate urgency
because
I
feel
it
myself.?
sensed
make
sense
of
the
sense
of
8I
have
a
never-ending
flow
of
messages
and
updates
from
all
the
people
I
associate
with
online.
我总是不停地收到交往的网友发来的信息和最新消息。(P14)
【词汇精讲1】在本句中flow用作名词,意为“流动;涨潮;流;流量”。还可以用作不及物动词,意为“流动;涌出;飘动;流畅”。flow的基本意思是指如液体流动般地运动,可以是大量地,也可以是少量地,可以是缓慢地,也可以是急速地,强调持续不断。可用于液体、车流、电流、语流等。flow还可表示“垂”或“飘拂”。
The
government
is
trying
to
stop
the
increasing
flow
of
refugees
entering
the
country.
政府正在设法阻止越来越多的难民流入本国。
She
lost
control
and
the
tears
began
to
flow.
她忍不住泪如泉涌。
【词汇拓展1】
flow
away 流走
flow
from
从……流走
flow
in
流入
flow
out
流出
flow
over
溢出;横流
flow
to
流向
flow
with
富有……
【迁移应用1】
完成句子
(1)管子内有阻塞物,水无法流走。
There
was
a
block
in
the
pipe
and
the
water
couldn’t .?
(2)泰晤士河注入北海。
The
Thames
River the
North
Sea.?
(3)水溢出到了人行道上。
The
water the
sidewalks.?
flow
away
flows
in
flowed
over
(4)昨天,一长列汽车像水一样开往机场。
The
long
line
of
cars the
airport
yesterday.?
(5)我们国家自然资源非常丰富。
Our
motherland natural
resources.?
flowed
to
flows
with
【词汇精讲2】在本句中associate用作动词,意为“联想,联系”;还可以用作形容词,意为“非正式的,副职的”;用作名词时,意为“(尤指工作中的)伙伴”。associate
with
sb意为“与某人交往/合伙/结交”。
I
always
associate
him
with
fast
cars.
我总是由他想到高速汽车。
He
is
an
associate
editor
of
the
newspaper.
他是报纸的副主编。
【词汇拓展2】
associate
A
with
B
将A
与B
联系起来
be
associated
with...
与……有关联
business
associate
生意伙伴
association
n.
联想,联合,社团
in
association
with...
与……有关联
(2020全国卷Ⅱ)Bamboo
plants
are
associated
with
health,abundance
and
a
happy
home.
竹子与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。
Mr
Miller
is
a
business
associate
of
our
company.
米勒先生是我们公司的生意伙伴。
温馨提示:表示“有联系,结合”的常见表达还有:
combine
A
with
B将A与B
结合起来
bond
with
sb与某人建立关系
connect
A
to
B将A与B
连接起来
be
linked
to/with与……有关系
【迁移应用2】
完成句子
(1)我不想和他的计划有任何瓜葛。
I
don’t
want
to
his
plan.?
(2)人们一般把美国和高科技消费品联系在一起。
People
usually
high-tech
consumer
products.?
be
associated
with
associate
America
with
9I’m
way
beyond
a
shy
or
reserved
person,but
I’m
wired
up
every
day,like
most
of
my
friends.
我不是一个害羞或内向的人,但我每天都在网上,就像我的大多数朋友一样。(P15)
【词汇精讲】在本句中reserved用作形容词,意为“含蓄的;内敛的”,还可以意为“保留的;预订的”。
These
seats
are
reserved
for
special
guests.
这些座位是留给贵宾的。
She
is
not
usually
so
reserved.
她通常不这么含蓄。
【词汇拓展】
reserve
vt.&
n. 预订,预约;保留;储备;(动植物)保护区
reserve
sth
for
(sb/sth)
为(某人/某物)预订/预约(座位、房间等)
reserve
the
right
拥有权力
in
reserve
储备;备用
reservation
n.
保留意见;疑惑;(旅馆、房间等的)预订,预约
express
reservations 持保留意见
make
reservations/a
reservation
预定,预约
without
reservation
毫无保留地
【迁移应用】
完成句子
(1)你预订了我们的飞机座位没有?
Have
you on
the
plane??
(2)我们总是存一些钱备用。
We
always
keep
some
money .?
(3)委员会的一些成员对这项提议持保留态度。
Some
members
of
the
committee
about
the
proposal.?
reserved
our
seats
in
reserve
expressed
reservations
10They
say
that
phones
bring
people
closer
together
but
in
reality,my
mind
is
always
a
million
miles
away.
他们说手机拉近了人与人之间的距离,但实际上,我的思维总是在千里之外。(P15)
【词汇精讲】在本句中reality用作名词,意为“现实;真实”,还可以意为“事实,现实(的事物)”。
He
describes
the
scene
with
startling
reality.
他对那景象的描述逼真得令人惊讶。
I
try
to
convince
him
of
the
reality
of
the
danger.
我试图使他相信危险的确存在。
This
is
just
the
bitter
reality
of
wars
in
Iraq.
这就是伊拉克战争的惨痛现实。
【词汇拓展】
in
reality 事实上,实际上
come
into
reality
实现
real
adj.
真实的,现实的
really
adv.
真实地,现实地
realistic
adj.
现实的;现实主义的
realise
vt.
实现;意识到,了解
He
seems
self-confident,but
in
reality
he
is
very
shy.
他看上去很自信,但实际上他很腼腆。
I
didn’t
realise
how
late
it
was
when
we
were
playing.
我没有意识到当我们弹奏时天多么晚了。
【迁移应用】
单句语法填空
(1)I (real)
don’t
know
what
to
write
about.?
(2)This
is
not
imagination,but
(real).?
(3)Our
income
has
got
smaller,so
we
must
be
(real)
and
sell
our
car.?
(4) reality,my
grandfather
can
no
longer
walk.?
really
reality
realistic
In
11I
obsess
over
exactly
how
many
followers
I
have
on
my
account,but
I
can’t
remember
the
birthdays
of
some
of
my
oldest
mates.我很在意我的账户上到底有多少粉丝,但我不记得一些最年长的朋友的生日了。(P15)
【词汇精讲】在本句中obsess用作动词,意为“着迷;困扰”。obsess
over意为“对……在意/担心”。be
obsessed
with...意为“迷恋……”。
Entrepreneurs
must
know
their
competition,but
not
obsess
over
it.
企业家必须了解他们所面临的竞争情况,但是也不必对此担心。
The
fear
of
death
obsessed
her
throughout
her
old
age.
她晚年一直受死亡恐惧的困扰。
For
many
people,it’s
easy
to
obsess
over
minor
issues.
很多人很容易被细小的问题所困扰。
【迁移应用】
单句语法填空
(1)David
(obsess)
with
a
girl
he
had
just
met.?
(2)Let
them
obsess
how
to
get
rid
of
the
cars
later.?
was
obsessed
over
12My
friends
try
to
drag
me
away
from
my
phone,but
as
soon
as
I’m
alone
again,I’m
desperate
to
get
back
to
the
online
world
and
the
intense
activity
that
it
provides.我的朋友们试着把我从手机旁拽开,但只要我再次独自一人,我就迫不及待地想回到网络世界,回到手机所提供的紧张活动中去。(P15)
【词汇精讲】在本句中desperate用作形容词,意为“拼命的;绝望的;不顾一切的;很渴望的”。与hopeless相比,desperate的语气要轻些。
The
situation
was
desperate
but
not
hopeless.
这种情形令人绝望,但也不是全无希望。
【词汇拓展】
be
desperate
to
do
sth 很想做某事
be
desperate
for
sth
渴望某物
desperately
adv.
绝望地;极度地
desperation
n.
不顾一切;绝望
I
desperately
tried
to
determine
which
maths
problem
I
would
get.
我急切地想要确定我会回答哪道数学题。
【迁移应用】
完成句子
(1)他现在极其渴望通过入学考试。
He the
entrance
exam
now.?
(2)就在我的房间上面,我听到了绝望挣扎的声音。
I
heard
sounds
of
just
above
my
room.?
(3)培训结束后,我被派遣到那个迫切需要适当改善住房的小村子。
After
completing
my
training,I
was
sent
to
the
village
that
was
small
and
in
need
of
proper
accommodation.?
is
desperate
to
pass
a
desperate
struggle
desperately
13I
constantly
feel
depressed,dissatisfied
and
alone.我经常感到沮丧、不满和孤独。(P15)
【词汇精讲】在本句中depressed用作形容词,意为“沮丧的,忧愁的”,还可以意为“降低的;不景气的;萧条的”。
We
were
all
depressed
by
the
dismal
weather.
阴沉的天气让我们都感到压抑。
The
market
is
rather
depressed
at
the
moment.
目前的市场相当萧条。
【词汇拓展】
depress
vt. 使沮丧;压下;使萧条;降低;压抑
depressing
adj.
令人沮丧的
depressive
adj.
抑郁的
depression
n.
沮丧;萧条
The
thought
of
having
to
take
the
exam
again
depressed
me.
想到还需重新考试,我就感到沮丧。
(2020天津卷)Loneliness
is
a
serious
social
problem
that
can
contribute
to
depression
and
even
crimes.
孤独是一个严重的社会问题,会导致抑郁甚至犯罪。
【迁移应用】
完成句子
(1)大体说来,我认为我们正走向萧条。
Roughly
speaking,I
think
we
are
heading
for
the
.?
(2)他所描写的平静安宁的生活与压抑的宫廷生活形成了鲜明的对比。
The
calm
and
peaceful
life
he
wrote
about
is
in
contrast
to
the
court
life.?
(3)这完全是个令人沮丧的主意。
It’s
a
totally
.?
(4)她情绪低落,开始听之任之。
She
and
began
to
let
things
slide.?
depression
depressive
depressing
idea
was/got
depressed
14Since
I
spend
so
much
time
socialising
online,I
keep
delaying
things
that
are
important
in
my
real
life:homework,tasks,connecting
with
my
friends
and
family
members
in
a
meaningful
way.因为我花了太多的时间在网上社交,我总是推迟那些在我的现实生活中很重要的事情:家庭作业,任务,用一种有意义的方式与我的朋友和家人联系。(P15)
【词汇精讲】在本句中delay用作动词,后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语;还可作名词,意为“推迟;延期;延误”。
We
decided
to
delay
our
holiday
until
next
month.
我们决定将休假延至下个月。
The
weather
is
responsible
for
the
delay.
由于天气关系耽搁了。
It
was
considerate
of
Michael
to
inform
us
of
his
delay
in
case
we
got
worried.
迈克尔通知我们他要晚点到,以免我们担心,真是考虑周到。
【词汇拓展】
delay
doing
sth
耽误做某事
be
delayed
by...
因……而延误
without
delay
赶快,立刻
I’m
terribly
sorry
for
having
delayed
answering
your
letter.
非常抱歉,你的来信我回复迟了。
【迁移应用】
完成句子
(1)本来我可以更早点儿到,但是公交车因为交通堵塞而延误了。
I
could
have
arrived
earlier,but
the
bus by
the
heavy
traffic.?
(2)我想我们应该明年再做这个决定。
I
think
we
should
delay about
this
until
next
year.?
(3)伤者应该被立即送到附近的医院。
The
injured
should
be
sent
to
the
nearby
hospital .?
was
delayed
making
a
decision
without
delay
15It’s
funny
that
my
friends
and
I
chatter
away
online
so
much,but
we
end
up
having
nothing
to
say
when
we
meet.
有趣的是,我和我的朋友经常在网上畅聊,但我们见面时却无话可说。(P15)
【词汇精讲】在本句中chatter用作不及物动词,意为“唠叨,喋喋不休”;还可以用作不可数名词,意为“鸣叫声;吱吱声,吱吱叫声”;chatter
away意为“喋喋不休”。
Do
stop
chattering
on
about
the
weather
when
I’m
trying
to
read.
别再没完没了地唠叨天气了,我要看书了。
The
chatter
of
sparrows
annoyed
her.
麻雀的啾啾声使她厌烦。
【迁移应用】
完成句子
(1)简无休止的唠叨开始使他心烦。
Jane’s
was
beginning
to
annoy
him.?
(2)他们高兴地闲扯了一会儿。
They
happily
for
a
while.?
constant
chatter
chattered
away
16Some
spent
the
dinner
bending
over
their
phones,texting
friends
online
but
ignoring
the
ones
who
sat
right
in
front
of
them.一些人在晚餐时弯着腰玩手机,给网上的朋友发短信,却忽略了坐在他们正前方的人。(P15)
【词汇精讲】在本句中bend为动词,意为“弯腰;俯身;向下弯”。
He
bent
forward
to
listen
to
the
child.
他俯下身来听那孩子说话。
The
trees
were
all
bent
and
twisted
from
the
wind.
那些树全都被风吹得东倒西歪的。
The
branch
bent
but
didn’t
break
when
the
boy
climbed
along
it.
那男孩爬上树枝时,树枝弯曲了,但是没有折断。
【词汇拓展】
bend
over 弯腰,俯身
be
bent
on
doing
sth
一心想要做某事;决心要做某事
bend
one’s
mind
to
sth
专心于某事
bend
(sb)
to
sth
(迫使某人)屈服,顺从
决定/决心做某事的表达还有:decide
to
do
sth;make
a
decision
to
do
sth;make
one’s
mind
to
do
sth;determine
to
do
sth;be
determined
to
do
sth。
He
bent
over
and
picked
up
a
silver
coin.
他弯腰拾起一枚银币。
Pip
is
bent
on
becoming
a
gentleman
and
winning
Estella’s
love.
皮普一心要成为一位绅士,赢得埃斯特拉的芳心。
【迁移应用】
单句语法填空
(1)Jim
seems
to
be
(bend)
on
becoming
a
musician.?
(2)John
is
bent
on
(make)
progress
in
English.?
(3)He
decided
(take)
part
in
the
dancing
contest
to
be
held
next
month.?
(4)I’m
(determine)
to
go
to
Beijing
for
further
study.?
(5)She
bent
(she)
mind
to
do
the
new
work.?
bent
making
to
take
determined
her
17On
a
family
holiday
last
summer,my
sister
spent
all
her
time
complaining
that
she
needed
to
charge
her
phone.
去年夏天的一次家庭度假中,我姐姐一直在抱怨她需要给手机充电。(P15)
【词汇精讲】在本句中complain用作动词,意为“抱怨;不满;发牢骚”。
The
tourist
complained
that
the
room
was
too
dirty.
游客抱怨说房间太脏了。
【词汇拓展】
complain
(to
sb)
about/of
that...
(向某人)抱怨……
complain
of
sth
诉说(病痛等)
complaint
n.
抱怨;投诉
make
a
complaint
against/about...
对……进行投诉
She
complained
to
me
about
his
rudeness.
她向我抱怨他的粗鲁。
(2020江苏卷)Funny
complaints
can
wear
people
out.
有趣的抱怨会使人疲惫不堪。
【迁移应用】
完成句子
(1)去年由于浓雾,市民抱怨不能呼吸新鲜空气。
The
citizens not
being
able
to
breathe
fresh
air
because
of
the
thick
fog
last
year.?
(2)我写信来投诉你们糟糕的快递服务。
I
am
writing
to your
bad
delivery
service.?
complained
of
make
a
complaint
against/about
18I
can’t
even
imagine
going
without
social
networking
for
a
week—think
of
all
the
important
appointments,invitations
and
news
updates
you
would
miss!我甚至不能想象一周没有社交网络会怎样——想到你会错过所有重要的约会、邀请和新闻更新!(P15)
【词汇精讲】在本句中appointment用作名词,意为“约定;约会;任命;委任”。
He
wants
to
change
his
appointment
from
Monday
to
Wednesday.
他想把他的约会从星期一改到星期三。
【词汇拓展】
have
an
appointment
with
sb 与某人有个约会
by
appointment
通过预约
take
up
an
appointment
就职;上任
appoint
vt. 任命,委任;指定(时间、地点)
the
appointed
time
指定的/约定的时间
appoint
sb
as
/to
be+职位
任命某人担任某职位(职位前不用冠词)
The
president
has
appointed
a
civilian
as
defence
secretary.
总统任命了一位平民做国防部长。
【微写作】
He
has
just
been
appointed
as
Export
Manager
for
the
company.He
will
have
an
appointment
with
his
first
foreign
customers
tonight.他刚被任命为公司的出口经理。他今晚将和他的第一批外国顾客有个约会。
【迁移应用】
用appoint的适当形式填空
(1)Mr
Davie
was
as
Acting
Director-General
on
Saturday.?
(2)In
August,2019
he
returned
to
the
government
after
as
Deputy
Minister
of
Justice.?
(3)Mr
Fay
is
to
take
up
an
as
a
researcher.?
appointed
being
appointed
appointment
重点句式
1According
to
research,over
two-thirds
of
young
people
find
it
easier
to
make
friends
online
than
it
is
“in
real
life”.
根据一项调查,超过三分之二的年轻人发现在网上交友比在“现实生活”中更容易。(P14-15)
【句式剖析】句中over
two-thirds
of
young
people作主语。
About
one-third
of
the
books
are
well
worth
reading.
大约三分之一的书很值得一读。
【句式拓展】
(1)分子基数词,分母序数词;分子大于1,分母加“s”,分母若是2和4,half,quarter可代替。
Only
one-fifth
of
air
consists
of
oxygen.
氧气只占空气的五分之一。
(2)分数还可用“...out
of...”或“...in...”来表示。
About
two
out
of
three
students
attended
the
meeting.
大约三分之二的学生参加了会议。
(3)在口语中,a
third
/a
half
/a
quarter
/a
fourth比one-third
/one
half
/one
quarter
/one
fourth常见。
However,the
number
of
boys
will
be
a
third
or
less
than
that
of
the
girls
in
the
class.
但是,班里男生的人数将比女生少三分之一或更少。
(4)分数/百分数+of,谓语动词常与of后的名词在数上保持一致。
About
seven-tenths
of
the
earth
is
covered
by
the
ocean.
地球约十分之七被海洋覆盖。
【迁移应用】
完成句子
(1)根据一项调查,五分之四的女性在家做家务。
According
to
a
survey,four
women
do
housework
at
home.?
(2)昨天五分之二的学生上学迟到。
of
the
students
were
late
for
school
yesterday.?
(3)一半的听众对冗长的演讲感到厌烦。
Half
of
the
audience
tired
of
the
long
lecture.?
out
of
five
Two-fifths
were
2It’s
funny
that
my
friends
and
I
chatter
away
online
so
much,but
we
end
up
having
nothing
to
say
when
we
meet.
有趣的是,我和我的朋友经常在网上畅聊,但我们见面时却无话可说。(P15)
【句式剖析】句子中用it作形式主语,将that引导的真正的主语从句置于后面,构成句型:It+be+adj.+that从句。
It
is
obvious
that
she
doesn’t
like
the
play.
很明显,她不喜欢这出戏。
【句式拓展】
(1)It+be+形容词+that从句
常用于该句型的形容词有funny,true,clear,obvious,remarkable(值得注意的),probable,possible,interesting,certain,(un)likely,astonishing,doubtful,essential,necessary,important,better,surprising,desirable,impossible,strange,natural,advisable等。
It
is
certain
that
we
will
pass
the
exam.
我们一定会通过考试的。
注意:当形容词为essential,necessary,important,better,surprising,desirable,impossible,strange,natural,advisable等时,表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等,that从句要用虚拟语气,其谓语用“should+动词原形”,其中should可以省略。
It
is
necessary
that
we
(should)
clean
the
room
every
day.
我们每天打扫房间是有必要的。
(2)It+be+名词(短语)+that从句
常用于该句型的名词(短语)有duty,a
fact,a
good
thing,good
news,an
honour,no
surprise,a
pity,a
shame等。注意a
pity,a
shame后面的that从句有时要用虚拟语气,其谓语为“should+动词原形”,其中should可以省略,表示惊讶、遗憾等。
It
is
a
pity
that
you
(should)
be
so
careless.
你这么粗心,真可惜。
(3)It+be+过去分词+that从句
常用于该句型的过去分词有:一坚持(insist);二命令(order,command);四建议(suggest,advise,recommend,propose);五要求(demand,require,request,desire,ask)等。that从句要用虚拟语气,其谓语为“should+动词原形”,其中should可以省略,表示建议、命令等。
It
is
suggested
that
she
(should)
finish
her
homework
first.
有人建议她先完成家庭作业。
(4)It+不及物动词(短语)+从句
常用于该句型的不及物动词(短语)有seem,appear,happen,matter,turn
out等。
It
doesn’t
matter
which
of
the
questions
is
to
be
discussed
first.
先讨论哪一个问题并不重要。
【迁移应用】
完成句子
(1)昨晚他工作到深夜,所以今天他很可能会上班迟到。
He
worked
deep
into
night
last
night. he
will
be
late
for
work
today.?
(2)当你走近占地9平方千米的热海国家自然公园时,很显然你会喜欢某些特别的东西。
As
you
approach
Rehai
National
Natural
Park,covering
nine
square
kilometres,
that
you
are
into
something
special.?
It
is
likely
that
it
is/becomes
obvious
随堂练习
Ⅰ.用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式完成句子
extraordinary,chatter
away,depress,desperate,bend
over,chase
after,
delay,
obsess
over,
appoint,
rude
1.When
he
got
a
job,he
being
out
of
work
because
he
didn’t
have
a
passbook.?
答案obsessed
over
2.I
have
an
with
the
manager
of
that
company
in
the
evening.?
答案appointment
3.He
has
no
pride
if
he
lets
the
children
talk
to
him
so
.?
答案rudely
4.Seeing
such
a(n)
beauty,
I
think
every
cell
in
my
body
woke
up.?
答案extraordinary
5.They
were
friends,
and
they
gladly.It
was
a
quarter
past
twelve
when
they
remembered
the
time.?
答案chattered
away
6.Mother
had
to
to
pick
up
the
child.?
答案bend
over
7.Owing
to
the
bad
weather,this
morning’s
flight
will
be .?
答案delayed
8.It
made
people
laugh
at
a
time
when
they
felt
,
so
they
could
feel
more
content
with
their
lives.?
答案depressed
9.The
man
in
the
river tried
to
reach
the
side.?
答案desperately
10.The
police
had
Jack
for
three
days.?
答案chased
after
Ⅱ.选词填空
1.arise,
rise,
raise
This
is
a
problem
out
of
the
lack
of
communication.?
The
book
many
important
issues
for
our
consideration.?
The
river
by
several
metres
so
far.?
答案arising;raises;has
risen
2.in
a
sense,
in
no
sense
I
agree
with
you
,but
love
of
fame
is
universal.?
are
people
allowed
to
hunt
wild
animals
for
their
meat.?
答案in
a
sense;In
no
sense
3.flow
out,
flow
to
All
rivers
the
sea.?
Blood
suddenly
started .?
答案flow
to;flowing
out/to
flow
out
4.in
reserve,
without
reservation
It
is
advisable
to
keep
a
little
food
in
case
of
emergency.?
They
accepted
the
plan .?
答案in
reserve;without
reservation
5.in
shame,
to
one’s
shame
,
I
forgot
his
birthday.?
I
bow
my
head
when
I
think
of
how
I
treated
her.?
答案To
my
shame;in
shame
本课结束(共118张PPT)
UNIT
1
Section
A TOPIC
TALK
&
LESSON
1
英
语
2021
内容索引
课前篇
自主预习
课堂篇
互动探究
晨读晚诵
素养导航
晨读晚诵
The
Importance
of
Teacher-Student
Relationships
The
relationship
between
a
teacher
and
his
students
is
one
of
the
most
influential①
factors
in
a
learning
environment.This
is
a
key
element
affecting
students’
progress,engagement
of
school
and
academic
motivation.
Interactions②
between
the
teacher
and
his
students
are
not
only
affected
by
many
factors
but
in
turn③,also
affect
behaviour
and
academic
outcomes
of
students.Positive
and
supportive
relationships
between
students
and
their
teacher
greatly
increase
an
intelligence
of
belonging
and
motivate
students
to
willingly
take
part
in
different
classroom
activities.It
is
very
important
that
the
interaction
between
the
teacher
and
his
students
should
be
supportive
of
the
learning
environment.The
relationship
between
the
teacher
and
his
students
has
been
found
to
have
great
effects
on④
learning
and
schooling
experience
of
the
students.
Educators
should
plan
to
enhance⑤
their
communication
with
students
to
allow
for⑥
the
quality
of
learning.If
the
relationship
between
the
teacher
and
students
is
positive,it
has
several
benefits
at
all
levels
of
an
educational
establishment,inside
the
classroom
and
across
the
whole
school
environment.
There
are
a
number
of
advantages
from
increased
engagement
to
the
self-esteem
of
establishing
a
positive
teacher-student
relationship
between
instructors
and
pupils
of
all
age
groups.The
presence
of
positive
student-teacher
interactions
alone
does
not
change
academic
success,but
learners
that
create
a
strong
bond⑦
with
their
teachers
perform
better
than
those
learners
who
have
some
conflict⑧
with
their
teachers.Teachers
can
help
in
improving
the
academic
success
of
the
students
by
expressing
confident
expectations
for
every
student,giving
students
similar
opportunities
to
take
part
in
class
discussion.?
A
healthy
and
positive
relationship
between
students
and
teachers
can
be
enormously
favourable
at
all
stages
of
an
educational
institution,inside
the
classroom
and
across
the
whole
school
environment.
词海拾贝
①influential
adj.有影响的
②interaction
n.互动
③in
turn反过来
④have
great
effects
on对……有巨大的影响
⑤enhance
v.增强,改善
⑥allow
for顾及,考虑到
⑦bond
n.纽带
⑧conflict
n.冲突
典句欣赏
The
presence
of
positive
student-teacher
interactions
alone
does
not
change
academic
success,but
learners
that
create
a
strong
bond
with
their
teachers
perform
better
than
those
learners
who
have
some
conflict
with
their
teachers.
译文:积极的师生互动本身并不会改变学生在学业上的成功,但是那些与老师建立了牢固联系的学生,会比那些与老师有冲突的学生表现得更好。
分析:这是一个并列复合句。句中but连接两个并列分句,第一个分句是一个简单句。第二个分句中that引导第一个定语从句,先行词是learners;who引导第二个定语从句,先行词为those
learners。
理解诱思
How
can
a
teacher
help
improve
students’
academic
success?
答案By
expressing
confident
expectations
and
giving
them
similar
opportunities.
课前篇
自主预习
Ⅰ.知识体系图解
重点词汇
1.trait
n. ?
2.niece
n.
?
3.nephew
n.
?
4.secondary
adj.
?
5.flu
n.
?
6.angle
n.
?
7.triangle
n.
?
特性,品质
侄女,外甥女
侄子,外甥
中等教育;中级的;次要的
流行性感冒,流感
角
三角形
8.hydrogen
n.
?
9.rocket
n.
?
10.fuel
n.
?
11.presentation
n.
?
12.acid
n.
?
13.onion
n.
?
14.educationalist
n.
?
氢
火箭
燃料
报告;陈述,说明
酸
洋葱
教育(学)家
15. n.幽默感?
16. ?
adj.热爱的,酷爱的;具有强烈信念的
17.
adj.外向的,好交际的?
18. ?
vt.主办;做……的东道主
n.主人;主持人
19.
adj.极好的;难以置信的?
20.
adv.偶尔;偶然?
21.
adj.情感上的;情绪上的?
22.
adv.极度,极其?
humour
passionate
outgoing
host
incredible
occasionally
emotional
extremely
23.
adj.感激的,感谢的?
24.
adj.实际的;实践的;切实可行的?
25.
vt.灌,注,倒?
26.
vt.缺乏?
27.
n.行为,举止?
28.
vt.拖,拉?
29.
n.进入;接触的机会?
30.
adj.值得做的;重要的;有益的?
grateful
practical
pour
lack
behaviour
drag
access
worthwhile
重点短语
1.for
the
first
time ?
2.pour
into
?
3.a
couple
of
?
4. ?
过去经常,曾经
5. ?
总计;达到
6. ?
点燃
7. ?
建立
8. ?
准许进入
初次,第一次
投入(倒)……于某物
一些,几个;一双,一对
used
to
add
up
to
set
off
set
up
have
access
to
重点句式
1.Sometimes
I
think,if
only
I
could
call
him
and
ask
for
his
opinion!
2.Then
we
could
make
sure
that
we
find
the
path
to
success,both
at
school
and
in
later
life,for
all
of
them.
重点语法
过去完成时
Ⅱ.阅读导学
A.阅读P8-9文章,判断正(T)误(F)。
1.I
did
well
in
maths
before
I
met
Mr
Jenkins.
2.Mr
Jenkins
began
to
teach
me
science
when
I
was
15.
3.Mr
Jenkins
tried
his
best
to
make
his
class
interesting
and
alive.
4.Mr
Jenkins
helped
me
to
build
my
confidence.
5.With
the
help
of
Mr
Jenkins,I
gave
presentations
to
the
class
everywhere
again
and
again.
答案1~5 FTTTF
B.阅读P8-9文章,选出最佳选项。
1.What
can
we
know
about
Mr
Jenkins?
A.He
was
an
excellent
English
teacher.
B.He
was
a
bad
teacher
with
a
bit
lazy.
C.He
would
explain
hard
things
with
practical
examples.
D.He
would
force
students
to
give
presentations
to
the
class.
答案
C
2.What
did
Mr
Jenkins
think
of
Graham
when
they
met
for
the
first
time?
A.Bored. B.Brave.
C.Lazy.
D.Bright.
3.What
did
Mr
Jenkins
regret
by
the
example
of
Graham?
A.He
didn’t
create
a
strong
bond
with
all
students.
B.He
didn’t
give
equal
opportunities
to
each
student.
C.He
didn’t
motivate
his
students
to
discuss
in
class
freely.
D.He
didn’t
encourage
his
students
to
build
their
confidence.
答案
A
答案
B
4.What
can
we
infer
from
the
last
paragraph?
A.Teaching
is
a
job
with
challenges
and
stress.
B.Teaching
is
to
prepare
students
for
their
future
life.
C.Teachers
should
have
great
effects
on
their
students.
D.Teachers
should
strengthen
their
communication
with
students.
答案
A
Ⅲ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.He
asked
me
where
I
(be)
during
the
summer
holidays.?
2.What
Jane
(do)
by
the
time
she
was
seven??
3.I
(learn)
900
English
words
by
the
time
I
was
ten.?
4.She
(live)
here
for
a
few
years
before
she
moved
to
Beijing.?
5.By
the
time
my
parents
reached
home
yesterday,I
(cook)
the
dinner
already.?
had
been
had
done
had
learned
had
lived
had
cooked
6.She
said
she
(see)
the
principle
already.?
7.She
said
her
family
(hide)
themselves
from
the
army
during
the
war.?
8.By
the
time
he
was
20
years
old,he
(complete)
the
university.?
9.She
(write)
a
number
of
books
by
the
end
of
last
year.?
10.He
(learn)
to
play
the
piano
before
he
was
11
years
old.?
had
seen
had
hidden
had
completed
had
written
had
learned
课堂篇
互动探究
重点词汇
1has
a
similar
personality/the
same
sense
of
humour
with
me和我有相似的性格/相同的幽默感(P6)
【词汇精讲】humour用作名词,意为“幽默感”,还可以表示“幽默;诙谐;脾气;情绪”。humour在美式英语中写为humor。
Her
humour
adds
salt
to
her
conversation.
她很幽默,谈起话来妙趣横生。
Every
man
has
his
humour.
各人有各人的幽默。
【词汇拓展】
a
sense
of
humour 幽默感
in
a
good/bad
humour
心情好/坏
in
no
humour
没心思
out
of
humour
情绪不好
humorous
adj.
幽默的;滑稽的
(2020江苏卷)Studies
show
that
a
good
sense
of
humour
even
makes
you
seem
smarter.
研究表明,良好的幽默感甚至会让你看起来更聪明。
He
is
in
no
humour
for
supper.
他没心思吃晚饭。
Dad
is
always
in
a
good
humour
for
gardening.
爸爸干园艺活时,心情总是很好。
【微写作】
The
humour
was
so
humorous
that
the
audience
laughed
all
the
way
through
it.这个幽默真的很幽默,观众自始至终都在笑。
【迁移应用】
完成句子
(1)我情绪不大好。
I
was
a
little .?
(2)我今天没心情做家务。
I’m to
do
the
housework
today.?
(3)他很有幽默感。
He
has .?
out
of
humour
in
no
humour
a
good
sense
of
humour
2outgoing
外向的,好交际的(P6)
【词汇精讲】outgoing用作形容词,意为“外向的,好交际的”,还可以表示“即将离职的;出发的”。
He
is
an
outgoing
and
lively
person.
他是个性格开朗而又活泼的人。
She
is
the
outgoing
head
of
a
large
corporation.
她是一家大公司即将离职的负责人。
Any
outgoing
ray
path
must
be
coincident
with
that
of
the
returning
ray.
任何发出的射线与返回的射线路径必须完全相同。
【迁移应用】
完成句子
(1)我的双胞胎弟弟比我更外向。
My
twin
brother
is than
me.?
(2)他就是那位即将离职的主席。
He
is chairperson.?
(3)机场取消了所有飞往外地的航班。
Airports
were
closed
to
all
the .?
more
outgoing
he
outgoing
outgoing
flights
3My
mother
took
care
of
me
and
then
when
I
was
feeling
better
the
next
week,she
hosted
another
Christmas
dinner
just
so
I
could
enjoy
what
I
missed.
我妈妈照顾我,然后当我下周感觉好点的时候,她又举办了一次圣诞晚餐,这样我就可以享受我错过的东西。(P104)
【词汇精讲】
在本句中host用作动词,意为“主办;做……的东道主”。host还可以用作名词,意为“主人;主持人”。host作“东道主,主人”解时,与其相对的阴性名词是hostess。
Mr
Marce
will
host
the
reception
tonight.
马斯先生将主持今晚的招待会。
At
the
end
of
the
party,we
thanked
our
host
and
went
back
home.
宴会结束时,我们感谢了主人后便回家去了。
【微写作】(2020全国卷Ⅲ)The
host
or
hostess
of
the
party
will,however,probably
give
all
the
guests
a
tour
of
their
new
home.
然而,聚会的主人或女主人很可能会带领所有的客人参观一下他们的新家。
【迁移应用】
完成句子
(1)哪个国家是下届奥运会的主办国?
Which
country
will
be
for
the
next
Olympic
Games??
(2)谁会是今晚的节目主持人?
Who
will
be for
tonight’s
programme??
(3)这个艺术中心今年夏天要举办一个民间节日。
The
Arts
Centre
is
this
summer.?
the
host
country
the
host
hosting
a
folk
festival
4It’s
good
that
we
take
some
time
occasionally
to
remember
some
of
the
positive
things
in
life,don’t
you
agree?
我们偶尔花些时间来记住生活中一些积极的事情,这很好,你同意吗?(P104)
【词汇精讲】
在本句中occasionally用作副词,意为“偶尔;偶然”。
Husband
and
wife
should
switch
roles
with
each
other
occasionally.
夫妻应该偶尔互换角色。
【词汇拓展】
occasion
n. 场合;时机
on
occasion
有时,偶尔
if
the
occasion
arises
(=if
the
occasion
should
arise)
必要的时候
on
one
occasion
曾经,有一次
on
several
occasions
屡次,好几次
take/seize
the
occasion
to
do 抓住时机做……,乘机做……
occasional
adj.
偶尔的
Sharing
bread,whether
during
a
special
occasion
or
at
the
family
dinner
table,is
a
common
symbol
of
reunion.
无论是在特殊的场合还是在家庭宴会的餐桌上,分享面包都是通用的团聚符号。
He
seized
the
occasion
to
invite
her
home
for
dinner.
他抓住机会邀请她到家里吃晚饭。
On
occasion
he
went
to
London
to
spend
the
weekend.
有时他去伦敦过周末。
【词语辨析】
occasion,situation,condition与case
(1)occasion指特定的“时机,场合”;situation往往指“情况,形势”;condition指某时某处事情发展、存在的状况、状态或条件;case常指事物的特定情况、事情的真相和始末,如“病例,案件”等。如:
All
the
people
involved
in
this
case
must
be
present.
所有与这起案件相关的人都必须到场。
The
current
international
situation
is
not
optimistic.
目前的国际形势不容乐观。
Living
conditions
have
improved
here
over
the
past
few
years.
这里的生活条件在过去几年已得到改善。
It
is
not
very
suitable
to
sing
such
a
song
on
this
formal
occasion.
在这种正式场合唱这样一首歌是不太合适的。
(2)occasion后面的定语从句多由when或on
which引导;situation、case后面的定语从句多由where或in
which引导。如:
There
are
occasions
when/on
which
one
must
give
in.
任何人都有不得不让步的时候。
Sometimes
you
are
in
a
situation
where
everything
goes
against
your
favour.
有时你会遇到什么都不顺的情况。
【迁移应用】
单句语法填空
(1)Don’t
worry.There
is
no
harm
in
your
staying
up
late
(occasion).?
(2)Occasions
are
quite
rare
I
have
the
time
to
spend
a
day
with
my
kids.?
(3)A
good
many
cases
are
mentioned
in
the
book
good
communication
skills
contribute
to
one’s
chances
of
success.?
(4)It’s
helpful
to
put
children
in
a
situation
they
can
see
themselves
differently.?
occasionally
when
where
where
5The
only
thing
I
can
remember
from
school
maths
is
that
the
angles
of
a
triangle
add
up
to
180
degrees!
我唯一记得学校数学课的内容就是三角形的内角和是180度!(P8)
【词汇精讲】
在本句中add
up
to意为“合计达,总计达”。
How
much
does
the
bill
add
up
to?
账单加起来一共是多少?
【词汇拓展】
add
to 使增强,使增加,使扩大
add
up
把……加起来,相加;
合乎情理,有道理
add...to...
把……加到……里
add
that...
补充说……
This
lesson
adds
to
the
value
of
the
book.
这一课增加了这本书的价值。
He
wrote
down
the
weight
of
each
stone
and
then
added
up
all
the
weight.
他记下了每块石头的重量,然后再把这些重量加起来。
【迁移应用】
完成句子
(1)这栋楼房已经经历过多次扩建。
The
building time
after
time.?
(2)她在牛奶里加了糖。
She
sugar
her
milk.?
(3)如果我们把这些费用加起来,总数超过了500英镑。
If
we
these
expenses
,the
total
comes
to
over
￡500.?
has
been
added
to
added
to
add
up
(4)这次旅行的费用总计达5
000元。
The
travelling
cost
of
this
time 5,000
yuan.?
(5)我想补充一句,我们对结果感到满意。
I
that
we
are
pleased
with
the
result.?
added
up
to
would
like
to
add
6But
when
I
was
15
and
went
into
Mr
Jenkins’
class,I
really
became
interested
in
a
subject
for
the
first
time.
但当我15岁进入詹金斯先生的课堂时,我第一次真正对一门学科产生了兴趣。(P8)
【词汇精讲】在本句中for
the
first
time意为“第一次”。
sb
do/does
sth
for
the
first
time某人第一次做某事
=It
is
the
first
time
for
sb
to
do
sth
=It/This/That
is
the
first
time
that
sb
have/has
done
sth
He
has
got
full
marks
in
the
English
exam
for
the
first
time.
他第一次在英语考试中得满分。
【词汇拓展】
in
time 迟早;最后;及时
on
time
准时
all
the
time
一直,始终
at
one
time
曾经,一度
at
a
time
每次,逐一
from
time
to
time
有时,偶尔
in
no
time
立刻,马上
at
times
有时
The
car
came
to
a
stop
just
in
time
to
prevent
an
accident.
汽车及时停了下来,避免了一场事故。
We’ll
have
had
the
leak
fixed
in
no
time.
我们很快就会把漏洞修好的。
技巧点拨:in
time后可接for
sth/to
do
sth
的形式,意为“及时/来得及做某事”。
【迁移应用】
一句多译
他第二次在物理考试中得满分。
(1) that
he
full
marks
in
the
physics
exam.?
(2)It
is
the
second
time
him
full
marks
in
the
physics
exam.?
(3)He
has
got
full
marks
in
the
physics
exam
.?
It/This/That
is
the
second
time
has
got
for
to
get
for
the
second
time
用time的相关短语填空
(4)If
you
keep
on,you’ll
succeed
(迟早).?
(5) (曾经),half
the
land
on
the
earth’s
surface
was
covered
by
the
forest.?
(6) (首次),I
failed
in
an
English
exam,though
English
had
been
my
favourite.?
in
time
At
one
time
For
the
first
time
7He
used
to
explain
things
which
seemed
difficult
with
lots
of
practical
examples
and
in
simple
language.
他过去常常用大量的实例和简单的语言来解释那些似乎很难的事情。(P8)
【词汇精讲1】在本句中used
to意为“过去经常,曾经”。
When
I
was
a
kid,my
siblings
and
I
used
to
have
ice
cream
for
dessert.
在我孩提时,我和我的兄弟姐妹经常吃冰激凌当甜点。
【词汇拓展1】
be/get/become
used
to 习惯于……
be/get
accustomed
to
习惯于
be
used
to
do
sth
被用来做某事
be
used
as...
被用作……
【词语辨析】used
to,be/get/become
used
to,be/get
accustomed
to,be
used
to
do
sth
(1)used
to“过去常常”,指的是过去的习惯性动作,目的在于与现在形成对照。其中to是不定式符号,后面跟动词原形。如:
I
used
to
go
fishing
every
Sunday.
我过去每周日都去钓鱼。
(2)be/get/become
used
to“习惯于”,to是介词,后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。be
used
to表示状态,而get/become
used
to则表示由“不习惯”到“习惯于”的过程,意思是“(变得)习惯于,开始习惯于”。如:
Some
people
are
really
not
used
to
using
credit
cards.
有些人确实不习惯使用信用卡。
At
first
I
didn’t
know
how
to
do
it.By
and
by
I
have
got
used
to
it.
起初我不知道怎样做,但渐渐地我就习惯了。
(3)短语be/get
accustomed
to也可表示“习惯于”,其中to是介词,后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式等作宾语。如:
This
is
not
the
kind
of
treatment
I
am
accustomed
to.
这不是我习惯受到的那种待遇。
(4)be
used
to
do
sth“被用来做某事”,实际上是动词use的被动语态,to是不定式符号。如:
A
metal
bar
was
used
to
force
the
door
open.
用金属棒把门撬开了。
【迁移应用1】
完成句子
(1)他过去常常在网上玩游戏,但是他已经戒掉了这个习惯,全身心地投入到学习中去了。
He games
on
the
Internet,but
he
has
given
up
the
addiction
and
put
his
heart
into
studies.?
(2)我已经变得习惯于在喧闹而刺激的房间里工作。
I’ve working
in
the
room
of
noise
and
excitement.?
used
to
play
got/become
used
to
(3)互联网应是用来获取有用信息的。
The
Internet useful
information.?
(4)——过去在这条街的尽头有一家书店,是吧?
——是的。几年前它被拆掉了。
—There
used
to
be
a
bookstore
at
the
end
of
the
street, ??
—Yes.It
was
pulled
down
several
years
ago.
should
be
used
to
get
didn’t
there
【词汇精讲2】在本句中practical用作形容词,意为“实际的;实践的;切实可行的”,也可指事物具有实用性,用来形容事物。当用来形容人时,则意为“注重实际的,具有实际工作能力的”。当表示“有实际经验的”时,无比较级和最高级形式。
It’s
an
interesting
idea,but
there
are
many
practical
difficulties.
这是一个很有意思的想法,然而却存在着许多实际困难。
The
owner’s
brother
has
been
in
practical
control
of
the
firm
for
years.
该店主的弟弟实际控制该商行已有多年。
【词汇拓展2】
for
(all)
practical
purposes 实际上,事实上
practise
v.
练习,训练
practice
v.
练习,训练
n.
练习,习惯,惯例;实践
practise/practice
doing
sth
练习做某事
impractical
adj.
不切实际的;不实用的
【微写作】
It
was
a
practical
tradition.During
the
summer
vacation,I
practiced
hard
with
others
regardless
of
the
hot
weather.
这是一个实用的传统。暑假期间,不管天气多热,我都和大家一起努力练习。
【迁移应用2】
单句语法填空
(1)The
sale
was
supposed
to
last
for
a
week,but
all
practical
purposes
it’s
over.?
(2)To
be
a
good
football
player,you
need
to
practise
(play)
football
every
day.?
(3)It’s
common
practice
to
exchange
gifts
with
friends
and
relatives
at
Christmas.?
(4)Many
people
spoke
highly
of
the
plan
at
the
meeting,but
personally,I
don’t
think
it
is
of
much
(practice)
use.?
for
playing
a
practical
完成句子
(5)理论是以实践为基础的,反过来又为实践服务。
Theory
is
based
on
practice
and
.?
(6)摆脱过时且不实用的陈旧的传统观念对我们来说是很重要的。
It
is
important
for
us
to
break
away
from
the
old
traditional
ideas
which
are
out
of
date
.?
in
turn
serves
practice
and
impractical
8I
remember
that
he
let
me
pour
some
fuel
into
the
rocket,and
then
another
student
lit
a
match
to
set
it
off.
我记得他让我往火箭里倒了一些燃料,然后另一个学生划着了一根火柴把它点燃。(P8)
【词汇精讲】在本句中pour用作动词,意为“倒;倾泻”。还可以表示“不断流动;蜂拥而来”。
(2020全国卷Ⅰ)After
that
I
poured
oil
into
a
pan
and
turned
off
the
stove.
然后我把油倒进锅里,关掉炉子。
She
watched
the
rain
pouring
down
the
windows.
她注视着顺着窗户往下淌的大雨。
The
shops
and
offices
pour
millions
of
workers
into
the
street
at
this
time
every
day.
每天的这段时间有数以百万计的工作者从商店和办公场所涌向街头。
【词汇拓展】
pour
down 向下倾注;流下
pour
in
大量地涌进来;倒入,使涌入
pour
into
不断地或大量地流进或涌进
pour
out
倒出;倾诉;倾吐
That
summer
a
torrential
rain
poured
down
for
two
days
and
nights.
那年夏天,一场暴雨下了两天两夜。
The
chimney
was
pouring
out
black
smoke.
烟囱里正冒出滚滚黑烟。
【迁移应用】
单句语法填空
(1)We
listened
to
him
pour
his
troubles.?
(2)Letters
of
complaint
continue
to
pour
.?
(3)Thousands
of
people
poured
the
stadium
to
watch
the
football
match.?
out
in
into
完成句子
(4)他很着急,汗水沿着他的脸直淌下来。
He
was
so
worried
that
sweat
began
to
.?
(5)祝贺信从全国各地源源不断地涌来。
Letters
of
congratulations
? ?from
all
parts
of
the
country.?
(6)她慢慢地把水从壶里倒进瓶里。
She
slowly
the
bottle
from
the
kettle.?
(7)一到家,他喜欢先为自己倒点酒。
He
would
like
to
for
himself
the
moment
he
got
home.?
pour
down
his
face
poured
in
poured
water
into
pour
out
some
wine
9The
problem
was
that
I
lacked
confidence
in
myself.问题是我对自己缺乏信心。(P8)
【词汇精讲】在本句中lack用作动词,意为“缺乏,不足”。lack还可以作名词,表示“缺乏;无”。
(2020天津卷)
Lack
of
talent
and
time
is
no
reason
for
taking
no
action.
缺乏天赋和时间并不是不采取行动的理由。
They
lacked
a
clear
understanding
of
the
problem.
他们对这个问题缺乏清楚的认识。
【词汇拓展】
lack
for
sth 需要某物
lack
for
nothing
一无所缺
be
lacking
in 缺乏(品质、特点等)
for
lack
of
因缺乏
have
no
lack
of
不缺乏
be
short
of
缺少
(2020江苏卷)Later,he
worked
in
Africa,where
many
people
suffered
from
blindness
for
lack
of
proper
treatment.
后来,他在非洲工作,那里有许多人因缺乏合理的治疗而失明。
Hilary
went
to
the
bank
because
she
was
short
of
money.
希拉里去银行了,因为她缺钱用。
【迁移应用】
完成句子
(1)我们没有力气继续前行,于是就躺在地上睡一会儿。
As
we
the
strength
to
go
any
farther,we
lay
on
the
ground
to
have
a
sleep.?
(2)缺少雨水导致了严重的粮食短缺。
led
to
the
serious
lack
of
food.?
(3)工程因资金匮乏只得被放弃。
The
project
had
to
be
given
up
money.?
lacked
The
lack
of
rain
for
lack
of
(4)这姑娘好像完全没有勇气跟老板说不。
The
girl
seems
to
be
entirely
courage
to
say
no
to
the
boss.?
(5)毕业后他申请了一份又一份工作,但都因为缺乏相关经验而被拒绝。
He
applied
for
job
after
job
after
graduation,but
was
always
rejected
previous
experience.?
short
of/lacking
in
for
lack
of
10The
first
day
he
walked
into
my
class,he
was
dragging
his
schoolbag
behind
him
and
looking
bored,but
as
soon
as
I
set
up
an
experiment
to
show
how
the
human
stomach
works
using
acid
and
an
onion,he
gave
me
his
full
attention.第一天,他走进我的教室,身后拖着书包,看起来很无聊。但是,当我开始做一个实验,利用酸和洋葱来展示人类的胃是如何工作的时候,他就全神贯注地听我讲了。(P9)
【词汇精讲】在本句中drag用作动词,意为“拖,拉”。还可以用作名词,意为“
拖;拉;累赘;阻力”。
He
dragged
the
heavy
case
across
the
floor.
他在地板上拖着那个沉重的箱子。
The
cat
is
really
excited
by
the
drag
of
the
basket
on
the
floor.
在地板上拖着篮子玩可着实让那只猫兴奋了一回。
【词汇拓展】
drag
down 把……向下拖,使衰弱
drag
in
插入讨论中
drag
on
拖延
drag
one’s
feet
拖着脚走,迟缓误事,拖拉,不合作
drag
out
使拖延,延长
drag
up
把……拉扯大;重新提起;翻……的旧账
It’s
the
high
fever
that’s
been
dragging
him
down.
是这场高烧把他的身体拖垮的。
Let’s
not
drag
out
the
discussion—we
need
to
reach
a
decision.
别让这场讨论拖得太久,我们得作出决定。
【迁移应用】
完成句子
(1)看起来那像是个会拖延多年的大烂摊子。
That
seems
like
a
horrible
mess
that
will
.?
(2)用鼠标拖动图片,将其调整为新的尺寸。
Use
your
mouse
to
their
new
size.?
drag
on
for
years
drag
the
pictures
to
11The
thing
about
being
a
teacher
is
that
you
have
access
to
children’s
minds
when
they
are
open
and
eager
to
learn.
作为一名教师,你可以在孩子们敞开心扉、渴望学习时接触到他们的思想。(P9)
【词汇精讲】在本句中access用作名词,意为“进入;接触的机会,通道”;也可以用作动词,意为“进入”。access引申可指“接近或取得……的方法、手段、权利等”;access常与介词to连用。
This
is
the
only
means
of
access
to
the
building.
这是进入这栋楼的唯一方式。
People
in
that
mountain
area
had
no
access
to
education.
那个山区的人们过去没有受教育的机会。
An
error
occurred
when
we
tried
to
access
the
inventory
database.
当我们试图进入编目清单数据库时,出现了错误。
【词汇拓展】
be
easy/hard/difficult
of
access 容易/难接近
give
access
to
接见;
准许进入
have/gain/get/obtain
access
to...
有/获得……方法
accessible
adj. 可接近的;可进入的;可使用的
be
accessible
to
sb
某人可接近/可进入/可使用
技巧点拨:sb
have/has
access
to
sth与sth
be
accessible
to
sb常可互换。如:
Books
in
our
school
library
are
accessible
to
students
as
well
as
teachers.
=Students
as
well
as
teachers
have
access
to
books
in
our
school
library.
老师和学生都有权使用我们学校图书馆里的书籍。
The
full
facts
of
the
case
are
accessible
to
only
a
few
people.
=Only
a
few
people
have
access
to
the
full
facts
of
the
case.
只有少数几个人能看到有关该案全部事实的材料。
【迁移应用】
完成句子
(1)药品不应放在儿童容易拿到的地方。
Medicine
should
not
be
kept
where
it
children.?
(2)由于下雪,乡下的许多地方我们都去不了。
Because
of
the
snow,many
parts
of
the
countryside
are
no
longer
us.?
(3)只有沿着那条狭窄的路走才能到达他们的房子。
their
house
is
along
that
narrow
road.?
is
accessible
to
accessible
to
The
only
access
to
(4)通向成功的方法是好好利用受教育的机会。
The
access is
to
make
good
use
of
the
access
to
education.?
(5)最近开发了一种新的软件,能让盲人使用因特网。
A
new
piece
of
software
has
recently
been
developed,making
the
Internet
? ?the
blind.?
to
success
accessible
to
12If
what
I
do
as
a
teacher
can
help
turn
a
child
like
Graham
into
such
a
successful
adult,then
I
know
what
I’m
doing
is
worthwhile.如果我作为一名教师所做的可以帮助像格雷厄姆这样的孩子成为一个成功的成年人,那么我知道我所做的是值得的。(P9)
【词汇精讲】在本句中worthwhile用作形容词,意为“值得做的;重要的;有益的”。worthwhile也可拼作worth
while(即分为两个单词),两者意思相同,有时还可拼作worth-while,后一种形式只用作定语。表示“很值得……”,要用well
worth/worthwhile。
Thank
you
for
making
my
visit
so
worthwhile.
感谢你们使我的访问如此有价值。
【词汇拓展】
it
is
worthwhile
to
do/doing
sth 值得做某事
worth
adj.
值得的
be
worth
doing
sth
值得做某事
worthy
adj.
值得的
be
worthy
of
sth
值得……的
be
worthy
to
be
done/of
being
done
值得被做
It
is
really
worthwhile
to
study
the
animals
in
Corbett.
在科比特研究动物真的很值得。
【词语辨析】
worthwhile,worth与worthy
(1)worthwhile值得的;值得做的。基本句式是it
is
worthwhile
doing/to
do
sth。如:
It
is
worthwhile
searching
for
his
roots.
有必要查查他的底细。
Don’t
you
think
it
is
worthwhile
continuing
with
the
project?
难道你不认为这项工程值得继续做吗?
(2)worth强调“某事值得做或表示物品的价值”,基本句式是sth
be
worth
sth或sth
be
worth
doing。如:
The
necklace
is
worth
500
francs
at
most.
这条项链最多值500法郎。
The
novel
is
worth
reading
a
second
time.
这部小说值得再看一遍。
(3)worthy强调“应该得到(尊重、信任、表彰等)”,不表示价值。基本句式是be
worthy
of
sth,be
worthy
to
be
done或be
worthy
of
being
done。如:
His
courage
is
worthy
of
high
praise.
他的勇气值得高度赞扬。
Their
efforts
are
worthy
of
being
supported
by
you.
=Their
efforts
are
worthy
to
be
supported
by
you.
他们的努力应得到你的支持。
(4)有时,相同的意思可以用以上三个词组成不同的表达。如:
The
place
of
interest
is
worth
a
visit.
=The
place
of
interest
is
worth
visiting.
=The
place
of
interest
is
worthy
to
be
visited.
=The
place
of
interest
is
worthy
of
a
visit.
=The
place
of
interest
is
worthy
of
being
visited.
=It
is
worthwhile
visiting
the
place
of
interest.
这处名胜值得参观。
【迁移应用】
完成句子
(1)你提的建议值得考虑。
The
suggestion
you
have
put
forward
is
worthy
of
/
.?
(2)我在评论中回复了他,但我觉得这值得向我们所有的读者提及。
I
answered
him
in
a
comment,but
I
think
to
all
of
our
readers.?
consideration
being
considered
it’s
worth
mentioning
(3)那座教堂是那些古老壮观的英国建筑物之一,值得去参观。
The
church
was
one
of
those
fine
old
English
structures
worthy
.?
(4)我认为花这么多时间来讨论这件事不值得。
I
don’t
think
it
to
devote
so
much
time
to
discussing
the
matter.?
of
a
visit/to
be
visited/of
being
visited
worthwhile
重点句式
1Sometimes
I
think,if
only
I
could
call
him
and
ask
for
his
opinion!
有时我想,要是我能打电话问问他的意见就好了!(P8)
【句式剖析】本句中的if
only引导宾语从句,意为“要是……就好了;只要”,后面的从句常用虚拟语气。
Oh,if
only
I
could
stay
in
China
as
an
exchange
student!
哦,要是我能作为交换生留在中国该多好啊!
Look
at
the
trouble
I
am
in!If
only
I
had
followed
your
advice.
瞧我现在多窘迫!要是听了你的建议就好了!
【句式拓展】
(1)if
only引导的条件句,通常用来表示说话人对某事所寄予的某种强烈愿望。它可以独立使用,用来表示由于客观条件限制,为某事不大可能或完全不可能实现而感到惋惜或遗憾的复杂心情,常用虚拟语气。表示与过去事实相反:从句用过去完成时had
done/had
been;表示与现在事实相反:从句用过去时did/were;表示与将来事实相反:从句用could/would/might/should
do结构。
If
only
I
were
a
Goodwill
Ambassador!
要是我是一个亲善大使就好了!
If
only
I
had
taken
your
advice!
我要是接受你的建议就好了!
If
only
I
should
come
to
your
party
tomorrow
evening!
明天晚上要是我能来参加你的聚会就好了!
(2)only
if引导的条件状语从句,是一个对“条件”限制更严的“限制性条件状语从句”,表示“只有……(才);只有在……的时候,唯一的条件是……”;与if引导的一般条件句相比,它有一种增强主句语势的作用。
I
wake
up
only
if
the
alarm
clock
rings.
只有闹钟响了,我才会醒。
【迁移应用】
用only
if/
if
only完成句子
(1)He
will
succeed
he
does
his
best.?
(2) the
case
is
urgent
should
you
call
out
the
doctor
in
the
middle
of
the
night.?
(3) I
were
as
clever
as
you!?
(4) you
had
not
told
Tom
what
I
said,everything
would
have
been
all
right.?
only
if
Only
if
If
only
If
only
2Then
we
could
make
sure
that
we
find
the
path
to
success,both
at
school
and
in
later
life,for
all
of
them.
然后我们可以确保我们找到了成功的道路,无论是在学校还是在以后的生活中,为他们所有人。(P9)
【句式剖析】本句中的path是名词,其后接介词to表示所属关系。the
path
to
success意为“成功的途径”。
【句式拓展】名词后用of表示所属关系是最常见的用法,但在某些特定的上下文中,主要是应一些名词的要求必须用to来表示所属关系。常见的这类名词有key,answer,monument,note,exit,entrance,bridge,road,way,solution,visit等。
记忆口诀:
钥匙答案纪念碑,注释索引和附录。
出口入口桥与路,参观解决多用to。
The
key
to
keeping
the
peace
is
regular
and
honest
communication.
保持和平的关键是定期和诚实的沟通。
【迁移应用】
单句语法填空
(1)Hard
work
is
the
key
(success).?
(2)Only
one
student
knew
the
answer
the
question.?
(3)The
coach
said
that
the
road
victory
is
through
practice.?
(4)All
entrances
the
city
are
guarded
by
armed
men.?
to
success
to
to
to
重点语法
过去完成时
一、
概念:
表示过去的过去,其构成是had
+过去分词
1.肯定句:主语+had+过去分词
2.否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词
3.一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+had.
否定回答:No,主语+had
not.
4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(had+主语+过去分词)?
二、
用法
1.表示某一动作在过去某一时刻之前已完成。
He
had
gone
to
bed
by
10:00
last
night.
昨晚十点钟之前他已上床睡觉了。
2.与一般过去时搭配,表达某一动作在过去的动作发生时已完成。
The
train
had
started
when
I
got
to
the
station.
当我到达车站时火车已开走了。
3.表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for
(后跟时间段)或since
(后跟时间点)等连用。
She
had
worked
in
this
school
since
it
opened
25
years
ago.
自从二十五年前这所学校开办以来,她一直在这里工作。
4.使用过去完成时在简单句里表达某一动作在过去的某一时刻已完成时,该过去的时刻常以“by
+过去时间”的短语来表达。
例如下面的说法是不正确的:
He
had
gone
to
bed
at
10:00
last
night.
若是要说“at
10:00
last
night”就必须用一般过去时“He
went
to
bed...”。
试比较下面的句子:
It
had
rained
yesterday.(误)
It
rained
yesterday.(正)
三、过去完成时常见句型
过去完成时既可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的事情,也可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的动作一直持续到过去某个时间,下面是过去完成时的常见句型:
1.“By
the
end
of
+名词(短语),主语
+
had
done...”
By
the
end
of
the
day,most
of
the
inhabitants
had
left
their
homes.
到这一天结束,大部分居民已离开了他们的家。
2.用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句中,表示动作发生在这些动词之前。
She
said
that
she
had
never
been
to
Paris.
她说她从未去过巴黎。
3.“By
the
time
+
从句(did/was/were),主语
+
had
done...”
By
the
time
we
arrived,everyone
had
received
medical
care.
我们到达时,每个人已接受了医疗护理。
4.“主语
+had
done...,before
从句(did/was/were)”
Fortunately,the
people
had
left
the
village
before
the
volcano
erupted.
幸运的是,火山喷发前人们已离开了村庄。
5.“主语
+had
done...,when
从句(did/was/were)”
They
had
already
put
the
fire
out
when
I
returned
to
the
village.
当我返回村子时,他们已将大火扑灭。
6.“主语
+
(did/was/were),after
从句(had
done)”
The
earthquake
happened
in
the
daytime,after
people
had
already
left
home
for
work
or
school.
地震发生在白天,当时人们已离开家去上班或上学。
7.用在“Hardly(Scarcely/Barely)...when...或No
sooner...than...”句型中
Hardly
had
I
got
home
when
the
rain
poured
down.
我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。
No
sooner
had
he
left
home
than
it
began
to
rain.
他一离开家天就开始下起雨来。
8.用在“It
/This/That
was
the
first...time
+
that
从句(had
done)”中
It
was
the
third
time
that
he
had
made
the
same
mistake.
这是他第三次犯同样的错误了。
9.用在“It
was/had
been
+
一段时间
+
since
从句(had
done)”中
It
was
ten
years
since
we
had
had
such
a
wonderful
time.
我们已经有十年都没这么高兴了。
10.hope,plan,mean,expect,intend,suppose,want,think
等动词有时用过去完成时表示一个本来打算做而未做或曾经设想而未实现的事
They
had
wanted
to
help
but
could
not
get
here
in
time.
他们本来想帮忙,但未及时赶到这儿。
I
had
thought
that
he
had
died
at
least
twenty
years
ago.
我原以为他至少死了二十年。
I
had
intended
to
come
over
to
see
you,but
was
prevented
from
doing
so.
我原打算过来看你,但受阻未成。
11.用于表示与过去事实相反的if
虚拟条件句中
If
she
had
seen
you
yesterday,she
would
have
told
you
the
truth.
如果她昨天见过你,她早就告诉你事实的真相了。
12.用在
wish
后的宾语从句中,表示与过去事实相反
I
wished
that
he
hadn’t
made
such
a
mistake.
我希望他从未犯过这样的错误。
四、过去完成时与其他时态的区别
过去完成时有特殊的语法规则,它与其他时态有明显不同,不仅结构上不同,内容、含义上也不同。
1.过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,以现在的时间为基点,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,其结构为“助动词have
(has)
+
过去分词”;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,以过去时间为基点,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它。
比较:I
have
learned
1,000
English
words
so
far.
到目前为止我已经学会了1
000
个英语单词。
I
had
learned
1,000
English
words
till
then.
到那时为止我已经学会了1
000
个英语单词。
2.过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,但在使用时应注意以下几点:
(1)时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。
比较:They
had
arrived
at
the
station
by
ten
yesterday.他们昨天十点就到了车站。
They
arrived
at
the
station
at
ten
yesterday.
他们昨天十点到达车站。
(2)在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时,谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断:先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时。
She
was
very
happy.Her
whole
family
were
pleased
with
her,too.She
had
just
won
first
prize
in
the
composition
competition.
她非常高兴。她的全家也对她很满意。她刚在作文比赛中获得一等奖。
(3)当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and
或but
连接时,按时间顺序,只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外,在before、after、as
soon
as
引导的从句中,由于这些连接词本身已经表示出时间的先后,因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。
He
entered
the
room,turned
on
the
light
and
read
an
evening
paper.
他走进房间,打开灯,读了一份晚报。
随堂练习
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The
girl
(remind)
that
her
homework
had
not
been
handed
in.?
答案was
reminded
2.He
did
what
he
(tell)
to.?
答案had
been
told
3.How
many
buildings
(destroy)
when
the
earthquake
ended??
答案had
been
destroyed
4.If
he
(do)
otherwise,I
should
have
thought
him
a
bad
man.?
答案had
done
5.She
turned
scarlet
with
embarrassment,once
she
(realise)
what
she
had
done.?
答案realised
Ⅱ.课文语篇填空
When
I
read
one
of
Graham’s
books
and
see
him
on
TV,I
am
proud
of
him.I
used
(teach)
him!I
remember
Graham
was
very
difficult
I
taught
him.But
he
changed
(quick)
after
I
set
up
experiment
to
show
how
the
human
stomach
works
(use)acid
and
an
onion.He
was
very
bright
but
lacked
(confident)
in
himself.With
my
encouragement,he
had
done
very
well
in
science
subjects.How
I
wish
I
(do)
as
well
with
all
my
students
as
I
have
with
Graham.
to
teach
before
quickly
an
using
confidence
had
done
Teaching
is
a
(stress)
job
but
I
love
what
I
do.As
a
teacher
I
can
help
turn
a
child
like
Graham
a
successful
adult,and
I
know
what
I’m
doing
is
worthwhile.Education
is
not
preparation
for
life;education
is
life
(it).?
stressful
into
itself
Ⅲ.概要写作
根据P8课文内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
参考范文
Due
to
my
laziness,I
did
badly
in
most
school
subjects,especially
in
maths.I
found
the
words
of
science
all
so
boring
and
difficult.(要点1)Then
I
met
Mr
Jenkins.I
really
fell
in
love
with
a
subject
for
the
first
time.(要点2)I
became
interested
in
what
Mr
Jenkins
gave
in
class.He
used
lots
of
practical
examples
and
simple
language
to
explain
difficult
things.(要点3)He
tried
many
ways
to
encourage
me
to
build
confidence.(要点4)
本课结束(共67张PPT)
UNIT
1
Section
C WRITING
WORKSHOP
&
VIEWING
WORKSHOP
&
READING
CLUB
&
ASSESSMENT
英
语
2021
内容索引
课前篇
自主预习
课堂篇
互动探究
课前篇
自主预习
Ⅰ.知识体系图解
重点词汇
1.innovation
n. ?
2.clarity
n.
?
3.fluency
n.
?
4.progression
n.
?
5.principle
n.
?
6.unmotivated
adj.
?
7.politics
n.
?
革新,创新
清楚,清晰
流畅,熟练
变化,发展
原则;行为准则
不积极的,不主动的
政治,政治活动
8.contrast
n.
?
vt.
?
9.motivation
n.
?
10.
n.邀请?
11.
vt.组织,筹划?
12.
n.代表……?
13.
n.话题,题目?
14.
n.选手,参赛者?
15.
n.参与?
差异,差别
形成对比
动力,积极性
invitation
organise
behalf
topic
competitor
engagement
16.
adv.真诚地,由衷地?
17.
vt.属于
18.
n.赞许;同意?
19.
vi.&
vt.保护,保卫?
sincerely
belong
approval
defend
重点短语
1. 代表某人?
2. ?
占据
3.in
contrast
to
?
on
behalf
of
sb
take
up
与……对比
重点句式
1.Peer
pressure
can
happen
when
we
are
influenced
to
do
something
that
we
would
not
usually
do
because
we
want
to
be
accepted
by
our
peers.
2.When
feeling
bad
or
stressed,introverts
look
inside
themselves
for
energy
and
motivation.
Ⅱ.阅读导学
A.阅读P21课文,搭配段落大意。
1.Paragraph
1
?
2.Paragraph
2
?
3.Paragraph
3
?
4.Paragraph
4 ?
A.Ways
of
peer
pressure’s
influence.
B.Bullying
from
peer
pressure.
C.Definition
of
peer
pressure.
D.Solutions
to
peer
pressure.
A
B
C
D
B.根据P22-23课文内容,选择正确答案。
1.What
do
we
know
about
introverts
according
to
the
text?
A.Sociable. B.Talkative.
C.Self-confident.
D.Reserved.
答案
D
2.Why
do
extroverts
tend
to
go
shopping
when
feeling
bad?
A.They
like
to
act
first,
and
then
think
later.
B.They
enjoy
being
surrounded
by
people.
C.They
tend
to
speak
freely
before
analyzing.
D.They
prefer
to
spend
money
with
other
people.
3.What
do
introverts
typically
do?
A.Managers.
B.Teachers.
C.Inventors.
D.Politics.
答案
B
答案
C
4.What
can
we
safely
say
about
introverts
and
extroverts?
A.Both
of
them
are
made
not
born.
B.Introverts
lead
a
happier
life
than
extroverts.
C.Different
cultures
value
personalities
differently.
D.Neither
of
them
is
influenced
by
the
environment.
答案
C
课堂篇
互动探究
重点词汇
1Imagine
you
are
going
to
organise
an
English
Drama
Competition
in
your
school
or
an
English
Poem
Recitation
in
your
class.想象一下,你将在学校组织一场英语戏剧比赛,或者在你的课堂上组织一场英语诗歌背诵课。(P18)
【词汇精讲】在本句中organise用作动词,意为“组织,筹划”,美式英语写成organize。
We
will
organise
wine
tasting
parties
for
you.
我们可以为你组织红酒品尝会。
(2020浙江卷)You
have
to
organise
the
activities
of
the
children
and
take
care
of
the
bills
and
groceries.
你得组织孩子们的活动,付账单和买东西。
【词汇拓展】
organise
sb/sth
into
sth 把……组成……
organised
adj.
有组织的,系统的
organiser
n.
组织者,安排者
organisation
n.
组织;机构
We’ll
organise
some
students
into
the
basketball
team.
我们将组织一些学生参加篮球队。
They
have
established
a
student
organisation.
他们建立了一个学生组织。
【迁移应用】
单句语法填空
(1)“People
fear
what
they
don’t
know,”
said
Nancy
Hotchkiss,an
(organise)
of
the
exhibition.?
(2)His
application
for
membership
of
the
(organise)
was
rejected.?
(3)You
begin
to
understand
how
Chinese
speakers
have
their
thoughts
(organise).?
(4)We’ll
organise
this
business
two
separate
companies.?
organiser
organisation
organised
into
2I
am
writing
on
behalf
of
the
school’s
Student
Union.我代表学校学生会写信。(P18)
【词汇精讲】在本句中on
behalf
of意为“代表”。
On
behalf
of
my
colleagues
and
myself
I
thank
you.
我代表我的同事和我本人向你表示感谢。
They
worked
hard
all
their
lives
on
behalf
of
the
poor.
他们毕生为穷人的利益而辛劳。
【迁移应用】
单句语法填空
(1) behalf
of
the
Chinese
people,I
would
like
to
express
our
heartfelt
gratitude
to
people
from
all
around
the
world
for
their
support
and
assistance.?
(2)I’m
going
to
speak
on
behalf
my
boss.?
On
of
3Competitors
should
be
judged
on
their
pronunciation,clarity
and
fluency,and
also
progression
of
ideas
and
audience
engagement.评判标准应该是参赛者的发音、清晰度和流畅度,以及创意和观众参与度的进展情况。(P18)
【词汇精讲1】在本句中competitor用作名词,意为“选手,参赛者”,还可以意为“竞争者;对手”。
That
company
is
a
strong
competitor
of
us.
那个公司是我们强有力的竞争对手。
The
firm
has
better
products
than
its
competitors.
这家公司的产品比其对手的好。
【词汇拓展1】
compete
vi. 比赛,竞争
compete
in
参加……比赛
compete
for
为争取……而竞争
compete
with/against
sb
同某人竞争
competition
n.
竞争
competitive
adj.
竞争的,有竞争力的
China
has
to
compete
with
other
countries
for
the
world
market.
中国必须与其他国家竞争国际市场。
The
two
friends
compete
for
the
position
of
monitor.
那两位朋友在当班长一事上是竞争对手。
Life
in
the
USA
was
competitive
and
offered
endless
opportunities
as
well.
美国的生活竞争性很强,也提供无数的机会。
【迁移应用1】
用compete的正确形式填空
(1)Which
do
you
think
is
the
most
in
the
English
speech
??
(2)Our
company
is
highly
because
our
products
are
of
high
quality.?
(3)
from
12
countries
will
for
the
first
gold
medal,so
you
can
imagine
how
the
will
be.?
?
competitor
competitive
competition
competitive
Competitors
compete
competitive
competition
(4)The
young
tennis
player
has
often
with
famous
players,but
so
far
he
has
always
been
beaten.?
(5)In
real
,
a
tai
chi
master
borrows
the
strength
of
the
and
uses
this
energy
to
fight
back.
competed
competition
competitor
【词汇精讲2】在本句中progression用作名词,意为“变化,发展”。
What
China
is
going
through
is
natural
progression
for
the
economy.
中国正在经历的是经济的自然发展。
【词汇拓展2】
progress
n. 进步;发展;前进
v.
进步;发展;缓速前进;促进
in
progress 进行中
progress
in
在……方面取得进展
progress
to
进入……
The
student
is
showing
rapid
progress
in
his
studies.
这个学生在学习上进步很快。
She
started
with
a
cleaning
job,and
progressed
to
running
the
company.
她一开始做清洁工,后来发展到经营公司。
【迁移应用2】
单句语法填空
(1)Mary
is
progressing
art
of
cooking;her
meals
are
becoming
more
delicious.?
(2)Later
he
progressed
more
difficult
tasks.?
(3)Preparations
for
the
meeting
are
progress.?
(4)It
consists
of
the
gradual
(progress)
of
one
life
stage
to
another.?
in
to
in
progression
【词汇精讲3】在本句中engagement用作名词,意为“参与”,还可以意为“
约会;约定;订婚;婚约;雇用;交战”。
I
have
numerous
engagements
for
next
year.
我明年有许多约会。
Their
engagement
was
announced
in
the
papers.
他们订婚的消息登报了。
【词汇拓展3】
engagement
for
……的约会
an
engagement
with
sb
与某人交战
engage
v.
雇用;与……交战;答应;订婚;预定;参加;从事
engaged
adj.
忙碌的;已订婚的
engage
in
参加;从事;忙于
be
engaged
to
订婚
The
restaurant
decided
to
engage
a
singer.
餐馆决定雇用一名歌手。
The
general
tried
to
avoid
an
engagement
with
the
enemy.
那位将军竭力避免与敌军交战。
I
have
no
time
to
engage
in
the
debate.
我没时间参加辩论。
【迁移应用3】
单句语法填空
(1)He
broke
off
his
(engage)
to
her.?
(2)He
was
engaged
my
sister.?
(3)He
engaged
a
serious
study
of
the
problem.?
engagement
to
in
4We
would
not
take
up
too
much
of
your
time.我们不会占用你太多的时间。(P18)
【词汇精讲】在本句中take
up意为“占据(时间或空间)”,还可以意为“拿起;开始;从事;继续做”。
She
took
up
the
receiver
and
began
to
dial
the
number.
她拿起听筒开始拨电话号码。
It
is
necessary
for
us
to
take
up
productive
labour.
我们需要从事生产劳动。
【词汇拓展】
take
over 夺取;接管
take
over
to
移交;遗留给
take
along
随身带着
take
away
带走,使离去
take
in
接纳;收容;消化;吸收;理解;欺骗
take
off
脱;去掉;起飞;(事业)蓬勃发展
take
out
拿出,取出
take
after
与……相像
take
on
呈现;具有;担任(工作);承担(责任);雇用
take
back
退回;收回;接回
take
to
爱;喜欢;沉迷于
In
89
BC,the
Romans
took
over
Pompeii.
在公元前89年,罗马人占领了庞培城。
He
did
not
take
in
what
he
read
because
his
mind
was
on
something
else.
因为他心不在焉,所以不知道自己在读些什么。
【迁移应用】
用适当的介词填空
(1)He
took
his
coat
and
sat
down.
(2)After
1978
the
farm
began
to
take
a
new
look.?
(3)When
did
he
take
football??
(4)I’m
going
to
take
the
company
one
day.?
(5)His
sister
took
knitting
in
her
spare
time.?
(6)In
her
gentle
nature,Mary
takes
her
mother.?
off
on
up
over
to
after
5We
all
want
to
be
part
of
a
group
and
feel
like
we
belong
to
our
community.
我们都想成为一个团体的一员,并感到我们属于我们的社区。(P21)
【词汇精讲】在本句中belong
to意为“属于”。
A
recent
study
of
public
opinion
shows
that
in
modern
Britain
most
people
belong
to
the
middle
class.
一项最近的民意调查显示,在现代英国,大多数人都属于中产阶级。
If
you,
your
children,
or
your
pets
break
or
soil
anything
that
belongs
to
your
neighbour,you
should
pay
for
it.
如果你、你的孩子或你的宠物把属于你邻居的任何东西损坏或弄脏,你都应该赔偿。
【词汇拓展】
(1)belong
to无进行时态。
My
brother
is
belonging
to
the
school
football
team
now.(误)
My
brother
belongs
to
the
school
football
team
now.(正)
我的弟弟现在是学校足球队的一员。
(2)belong
to无被动语态,也不用过去分词表示被动。
The
tiger
is
belonged
to
the
cat
family.(误)
The
tiger
belongs
to
the
cat
family.(正)
老虎属于猫科动物。
(3)belong
to不接名词性物主代词或名词所有格。
The
diamond
necklace
belongs
to
mine.(误)
The
diamond
necklace
belongs
to
me.(正)
这条钻石项链是我的。
The
new
bicycle
belongs
to
my
sister’s.(误)
The
new
bicycle
belongs
to
my
sister.(正)
这辆新自行车是我妹妹的。
【迁移应用】
完成句子
(1)威廉教授一直告诫他的学生:未来属于受过良好教育的人。
Professor
William
keeps
telling
his
students
that
the
future
the
well-educated.?
(2)属于第三世界的国家正在迅速地发展。
The
countries
the
Third
World
are
developing
fast.?
(3)把那把椅子放回原处。
Put
that
chair
back
where
it .?
belongs
to
belonging
to
belongs
to
6People
who
are
low
in
confidence
and
unsure
of
themselves
may
be
more
likely
to
seek
their
peers’
approval
by
going
along
with
risky
suggestions
or
choosing
the
“wrong”
path.
那些缺乏自信和不自信的人更有可能通过采纳有风险的建议或选择“错误”的道路来寻求同伴的认可。(P21)
【词汇精讲】在本句中approval用作名词,意为“赞许;认可”,还可以意为“批准”。
We
should
submit
our
plans
to
the
council
for
approval.
我们应该向理事会提交计划以求批准。
Your
approval
gives
me
much
gratification.
承蒙认可,我非常高兴。
【词汇拓展】
approve
v. 批准;赞成;同意;称许
approve
of
赞成,赞许;认可
disapprove
v.
不赞成;不同意;不批准
His
appointment
has
not
been
formally
approved
yet.
他的任命还没有得到正式批准。
Her
father
will
never
approve
of
her
marriage
to
Tom.
她的父亲决不会赞成她同汤姆结婚。
【迁移应用】
完成句子
(1)他在学校表现不错,希望以此得到他父母的赞许。
By
doing
well
at
school
he
hoped
to
win .?
(2)如果你父母同意这个计划,你可以参加这个班。
You
can
join
the
class
if
your
parents .?
(3)我同意你去试着挣一些钱,可是不要忽视了学业。
I
to
earn
some
money,but
don’t
neglect
your
studies.?
his
parents’
approval
approve
of
the
plan
approve
of
your
trying
(4)——他的父母赞同他的婚事吗?
——不,他们不赞成。他违背父母的意愿,娶了这个女孩。
—Did
his
parents
his
marriage??
—No,they
didn’t.He
married
the
girl
against
his
parents’
will.
approve
of
7Bullies
pick
easy
targets—people
who
are
outside
the
peer
group
and
whom
the
group
is
unlikely
to
defend.
恶霸挑容易的目标——同龄群体外的人以及该团伙不太可能保护的人。(P21)
【词汇精讲】在本句中defend用作动词,意为“保护,保卫”,还可以意为“辩护;防守”。
Some
players
are
better
at
defending.
有些运动员较擅长打防守。
He
undertook
to
defend
this
attitude.
他答应为这一态度辩护。
【词汇拓展】
defend...from/against... 保护……使不受……,为……辩护
defend
oneself
自卫
defence
n.
防御;辩护;防务
in
defence
of
为……辩护;防卫
in
one’s
defence
为某人辩护
I
don’t
like
to
argue,but
in
defence
of
the
Venice
Film
Festival,I
have
to
point
out
that
we
don’t
just
have
Hollywood
films.
我不想争论,但是我得为威尼斯电影节说句话,我得指出的是我们有的不只是好莱坞影片。
【迁移应用】
完成句子
(1)他参军是为了保卫祖国。
He
joined
the
army
in
order
his
motherland.?
(2)我们应该保卫我们的国家以抵御外敌。
We
should
defend
our
country
its
enemies.?
(3)我们应保护地球免受污染。
We
should
defend
the
earth
.?
to
defend
from/against
from/agaist
being
polluted
8In
contrast
to
extroverts,they
value
fewer,but
deeper
experiences.
与外向的人相比,他们看重更少但更深刻的经历。(P22)
【词汇精讲】在本句中in
contrast
to意为“与……对比”。
In
contrast
to
his
usual
manner,Jackson
began
quietly,
in
an
almost
kind
voice.
杰克逊一反他往常的作风,平和地、用一种几乎是与人为善的声音开始讲话。
He
looks
healthier
in
contrast
to
his
former
self.
他与以前相比,显得更健康些。
【词汇拓展】
(1)当无比较对象时,还可以写成in
contrast;
in还可以被by取代,构成by/in
contrast,意为“相反;相比之下”。
In
contrast,others
insist
on
reading
extensively.
与此相反,其他人坚持广泛阅读。
Mr
Caruso,by
contrast,looks
to
the
past.
相反,卡鲁索先生放眼过去。
(2)contrast后面常接to,偶尔也接with,表示“对比或相反的东西”。
Black
is
a
contrast
to/with
white.
黑与白是对立的。
(3)in
contrast
with和in
contrast
to的区别:两者均可以解释为“和……做对比”,但后者的用法较为普遍。
This
is
in
contrast
with
previous
policies.
这和先前的政策形成对比。
【迁移应用】
完成句子
(1)她考试差点不及格,而她的妹妹相比之下考得很好。
She
had
almost
failed
the
exam,but
her
sister, ,
had
done
very
well.?
(2)和她哥哥完全不一样,她对别人总是很体贴。
her
elder
brother,she
was
always
considerate
in
her
treatment
of
others.?
by/in
contrast
In
contrast
to/with
重点句式
1Peer
pressure
can
happen
when
we
are
influenced
to
do
something
that
we
would
not
usually
do
because
we
want
to
be
accepted
by
our
peers.当我们被影响去做一些我们通常不会做的事情时,因为我们想要被我们的同伴接受,同辈压力就会发生。(P21)
【句式剖析】这是一个主从复合句。句中when引导一个时间状语从句;that引导定语从句;because引导原因状语从句。本句中引导定语从句的that不能被which所取代,因为先行词something为不定代词。先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,few,much等不定代词时,定语从句只能由that引导。
All
that
glitters
is
not
gold.
闪光的不一定是黄金。
【句式拓展】
下列情形也只能用that引导定语从句:
(1)先行词被all,each,few,much,every,no,some,any等不定代词修饰时。
All
the
books
that
you
need
are
here.
你所需要的书都在这儿。
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
A
contented
mind
is
the
greatest
blessing
(that)
a
man
can
enjoy
in
this
world.
知足是人生在世最大的幸事。
(3)先行词既有人又有物时。
He
talked
about
the
teachers
and
schools
that
he
had
visited.
他谈到了他曾拜访过的老师和学校。
(4)主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时。
Who
is
the
man
that
is
speaking
over
there?
在那里说话的人是谁?
(5)先行词被the
only,the
very,the
last等修饰时。
The
only
thing
that
we
have
to
fear
is
fear
itself.
我们唯一不得不害怕的就是害怕本身。
(6)关系代词在从句中作表语时。
He
is
not
the
young
man
that
he
was
thirty
years
ago.
他已不是三十年前的那个年轻人了。
【迁移应用】
完成句子
(1)这是我写的第二本书。
This
is
the
second
book
I
have
ever
written.?
(2)这正是我在找的书。
This
is
the
very
book I
am
looking
for.?
that
that
2When
feeling
bad
or
stressed,introverts
look
inside
themselves
for
energy
and
motivation.
感觉不好或有压力时,内向的人会从内心寻找能量和动力。(P22-23)
【句式剖析】句中when引导一个省略形式的时间状语从句,补充完整为“When
they
are
feeling
bad
or
stressed”。如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致,而且从句中含有be的某种形式时,可以把从句的主语和be一起省略。
I
paid
a
visit
to
the
Great
Wall
while
(I
was)
in
Beijing.
我在北京期间参观了长城。
【句式拓展】
(1)当状语从句的主语和谓语是it
is/was时,it
is/was常被省略。
You
may
turn
to
the
dictionary
when
(it
is)
necessary.
必要时你可以借助于字典。
(2)表示时间、条件、让步、方式等的状语从句中,如果从句的主语跟主句的主语一致,就可将从句省略成“连词+分词”形式。“连词
+
现在分词”表示主动;“连词
+
过去分词”表示被动。
While
(he
was)
waiting
there,
he
saw
two
pretty
girls
come
out
of
the
building.
在那里等待期间,他看见两个漂亮姑娘从大楼里走了出来。
I
will
not
attend
his
party
unless
(I
am)
invited.
如果没有被邀请,我不会参加他的聚会。
【迁移应用】
完成句子
(1)在实验室做实验时,发生任何变化都要仔细观察。
Observe
carefully
if
any
change
occurs
when
.?
(2)那个男孩不耐烦地到处跑,好像在寻找在操场上丢失的什么东西。
The
boy
is
running
impatiently
here
and
there
as
if
something
lost
on
the
playground.?
(3)这个女孩学习很刻苦,尽管她身体还很虚弱。
The
girl
studies
very
hard
though
.?
doing
experiments
in
the
lab
looking
for
still
rather
weak
单句语法填空
(4)Generally
speaking,a
new
product
will
sell
better
if
(promote)
with
an
advertising
campaign.?
promoted
随堂练习
Ⅰ.概要写作
根据P21课文内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
参考范文
Peer
pressure
can
happen
when
we
want
to
be
accepted
by
our
peers.(要点1)Peer
pressure
can
affect
our
appearances
and
behaviours
because
we
don’t
want
to
be
different.(要点2)
Peer
pressure
definitely
plays
an
important
part
in
bullying.(要点3)
To
avoid
peer
pressure,we
students
should
build
up
self-confidence,surround
ourselves
with
positive
role
models
and
think
about
the
consequences
of
their
actions.(要点4)
Ⅱ.课文语篇填空
Different
people
have
different
personality
qualities.However,there
are
some
(share)
personality
qualities,one
of
is
between
extroverts
and
introverts.
the
one
hand,extroverts
are
people
who
look
outwards.They
are
(friend),sociable,talkative,enthusiastic
and
self-confident.Typical
extrovert
jobs
(be)
in
politics,sales,teaching
and
management.Introverts,on
other
hand,look
inwards.They
feel
more
comfortable
alone
and
enjoy
ideas
and
(think).Introverts
often
work
as
artists,writers,engineers
and
(invent).Some
shared
which
On
friendly
are
the
thinking
inventors
people
say
that
extroverts
and
introverts
are
born
not
made.Others
believe
that
the
environment
is
more
important
in
shaping
(one)
personality.Studies
have
also
found
that
extroverts
have
(high)
happiness
levels
than
introverts.?
one’s
higher
本课结束
