Unit
4
Natural
Disasters
Discovering
Useful
Structures?
限制性定语从句(1)
that,
which,
who,
whom,
whose引导的定语从句
观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能与构成:
1.
There
were
deep
cracks
that
appeared
in
the
well
walls.
2.
Two
thirds
of
the
people
who
lived
there
were
dead
or
injured.
3.
Workers
built
shelters
for
survivors
whose
homes
had
been
destroyed.
【归纳填空】
限制性定语从句的功能:
修饰或限定主句中的某个名词或代词(先行词)
一、定义
定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
1.
限制性定语从句
它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,
如果去掉,
主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,
书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语,
关系代词通常可以省略。
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Here’s
a
handful
of
ways
that
will
set
you
in
the
right
direction.
这里有些可以让你回到正轨的方法。
Everything
comes
to
him
who
waits.
功夫不负有心人。
2.
非限制性定语从句
它只是对先行词作附加补充说明,
如果去掉,
主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切,
书写时往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句不用that引导。
(2020·浙江高考)The
hungry
bear
followed
his
nose
to
our
camp,
which
was
surrounded
by
a
high
wire
fence.
饥饿的狗熊跟随着嗅觉来到我们的营地,
营地被高高的铁丝围绕着。
The
contest,
whose
theme
is
“China
in
my
eyes”,
will
be
held
in
the
City
Library
on
August
18th,
2022.
这场比赛的主题是“我眼中的中国”,
将于2022年8月18日在市图书馆举行。
二、定语从句中关系代词的用法
1.
who代替指人的先行词,
在定语从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)。
(2020·
天津高考)“The
great
man,
”said
Mencius,
“is
he
who
does
not
lose
his
child’s
heart.
”
孟子曰:
“大人者,
不失其赤子之心者也。”
2.
whom代替指人的先行词,
在定语从句中作宾语(作宾语可省略)。
You
are
a
special
teacher
whom
I
will
always
remember
with
fond
memories.
你是一位很特别的老师,
我将永远记住这些美好回忆。
3.
which代替指物的先行词,
在定语从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)。
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)She
wore
a
specially
designed
fat
suit
which
increased
her
weight
to
180
pounds.
她穿着特别设计的肥肥的衣服,
这件衣服让她的体重增加到了180磅。
4.
that代替指人或指物的先行词,
在定语从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)。
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)She
also
said
there
were
likely
a
number
of
other
genes
that
help
the
Bajau
dive.
她也说道,
可能有很多其他的基因帮助巴瑶族人潜水。
5.
whose代替指人或指物的先行词,
在定语从句中作定语。其呈现形式为:
whose
+
n.
。
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In
ancient
China
lived
an
artist
whose
paintings
were
almost
lifelike.
在古代中国有一位艺术家,
他的画几乎栩栩如生。
6.
as引导限制性定语从句时,
它通常要与
such,
as,
the
same
搭配,
即构成such.
.
.
as,
the
same.
.
.
as,
as/so.
.
.
as这样的固定搭配,
同时as在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
I
am
glad
to
have
the
same
medal
as
you
have.
我很高兴拥有和你一样的奖牌了。
A
computer
is
so
useful
a
machine
as
we
can
use
everyday.
电脑很有用,
我们每天都能用到。
【易错精点】the
same.
.
.
that/as区别
the
same.
.
.
that表示“同一个”(同一性)
the
same.
.
.
as表示“类似的一个,
而不是同一个”(相似性)
This
is
the
same
watch
that
I
lost.
这就是我丢的那块手表。(同一个)
I
have
bought
the
same
watch
as
you
have.
我买了一块和你一样的手表。(相似的,
非同一个)
选用适当的关系代词填空
whom,
who,
that,
as,
which,
whose
(1)The
story
began
with
a
young
mother
who
had
three
sons
in
a
big
city.
(2)I
will
send
you
a
Chinese-English
book
which/that
contains
some
knowledge
about
Chinese
calligraphy.
(3)He
decided
to
make
the
same
achievement
as
his
father
did.
(4)My
favorite
one
is
my
Chinese
teacher
whom
I
met
when
I
was
in
junior
school.
(5)I
sat
next
to
a
girl
whose
name
was
Diana.
【知识延伸】
关系代词的用法与分类依据
1.
根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性;
2.
根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物;
3.
根据它在从句中所充当的成分——主语、宾语或定语。
三、关系代词that与which的用法辨析
1.
只用that而不用which
的情况
(1)先行词有形容词最高级修饰时
It
is
the
greatest
achievement
that
we
have
ever
made.
这是我们有史以来取得的最大的成就。
(2)先行词有序数词修饰时
It
is
the
first
Winter
Olympics
that
will
be
held
in
China.
这是第一届将在中国举办的冬季奥运会。
(3)先行词为all,
much,
few,
little,
everything,
anything,
nothing,
none
等不定代词,
或被不定代词修饰时
She
listens
attentively
and
tries
to
catch
everything
that
the
teacher
says
in
class.
她听得很专心,
努力学会老师在课上讲授的所有内容。
(4)先行词既有人又有物时
We
like
talking
about
the
people
and
things
that
we
saw
in
the
TV
play.
我们喜欢谈论在电视剧里看到的人和事。
(5)先行词前面有the
very,
the
only,
the
last,
the
same等修饰时
Dad
and
Mom,
my
dream
is
the
very
one
that
you
always
have.
爸爸,
妈妈,
我的梦想就是你们的梦想。
(6)关系代词在限制性定语从句中作表语时
Our
school
is
no
longer
the
school
that
it
used
to
be.
我们的学校不再是以前的样子了。
2.
只用which
而不用that
的情况
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)The
first,
which
I
take
to
reading
every
spring,
is
Ernest
Hemingway’s
A
Moveable
Feast.
我每个春天都喜欢读的第一本书是欧内斯特·海明威的《流动的盛宴》。
(2)在定语从句中,
关系代词前有介词时
Our
class
participated
in
an
English
oral
competition,
in
which
we
came
first.
我们班参加了英语口语比赛,
在比赛中我们获得了第一名。
【知识延伸】
强调句与定语从句的区别
强调句和定语从句都是由it引导的句型结构构成的,
区别在于强调句中that不充当成分,
但不能被省略;
而定语从句中that充当成分,
并且当充当的成分是宾语时可以被省略。
It
was
the
student
that/who
asked
the
silly
question.
就是这个学生问了这么一个愚蠢的问题。(强调句)
He
was
the
student
who
asked
the
silly
question.
他就是那个问了愚蠢问题的学生。(定语从句)
单句语法填空
(1)There
is
nothing
that
can
stop
him
from
going
there.
(2)You
can
take
an
active
part
in
all
kinds
of
activities,
which
will
help
to
make
your
life
more
interesting.
(3)The
first
thing
that
he
noticed
of
her
was
her
dark,
long
hair.
(4)Experience
is
a
school
from
which
one
can
never
graduate.
(5)But
it’s
the
man
who/that
saved
my
life
when
I
was
facing
a
fire
like
that.
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
Since
the
old
man
has
stopped
breathing,
there
is
little
that
I
can
do
for
him.
2.
I
get
along
well
with
the
boy
that/who
does
well
in
maths.
3.
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Thank
you
for
your
letter,
which
really
made
me
happy.
4.
We’re
collecting
money
for
those
whose
homes
were
destroyed
by
the
earthquake.
5.
I
really
want
to
have
the
same
phone
as
you
have
bought.
6.
I
visited
the
school
yesterday
that/which
was
built
fifty
years
ago.
7.
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Do
not
follow
the
people
who
make
you
feel
not-good-enough.
8.
Yesterday
was
one
of
the
coldest
days
that
I
have
ever
known.
9.
There
are
a
total
of
1,
000
workers
in
this
company,
two
thirds
of
whom
are
women.
10.
I
miss
the
teachers
and
the
kindergarten
that
my
parents
think
highly
of.
Ⅱ.
用定语从句合并两个句子
1.
I
have
a
friend.
He
likes
listening
to
classical
music.
I
have
a
friend
who
likes
listening
to
classical
music.
?
2.
Yesterday
Emily
was
wearing
the
new
dress.
I
gave
it
to
her.
Yesterday
Emily
was
wearing
the
new
dress
that/which
I
gave
her.
?
3.
The
student’s
article
was
published.
I
know
the
student.
I
know
the
student
whose
article
was
published.
?
4.
Han
Meimei
is
studying
English
very
well.
She
has
never
been
abroad.
Han
Meimei,
who
has
never
been
abroad,
is
studying
English
very
well.
?
5.
My
grandparents
live
in
a
house.
It
is
more
than
100
years
old.
My
grandparents
live
in
a
house
which
is
more
than
100
years
old.
?
6.
The
computer
is
too
slow.
I
bought
the
computer
four
years
ago.
The
computer
which/that
I
bought
four
years
ago
is
too
slow.
?
7.
The
man
created
the
famous
university.
The
man
never
finished
college.
The
man
who/that
created
the
famous
university
never
finished
college.
?
8.
I
have
ever
seen
the
film.
It
is
the
most
interesting
film.
It
is
the
most
interesting
film
that
I
have
ever
seen.
?
9.
They
talked
about
the
people
and
the
things.
They
remembered
them
in
old
days.
They
talked
about
the
people
and
the
things
that
they
remembered
in
old
days.
?
10.
The
man
laughed
at
you
just
now.
Who
is
the
man?
Who
is
the
man
that
laughed
at
you
just
now?
?
用定语从句完成下列短文。
The
shopping
mall,
1.
whose
environment
many
people
enjoyed(很多人喜欢它的环境),
was
on
fire
last
week
because
the
gas
pipes
2.
which/that
were
used
too
long(使用太长时间的)cracked.
Those
3.
who
were
shopping
in
it(正在里面购物的)
were
trapped.
It
was
such
a
big
fire
that
the
world
seemed
as
if
it
came
to
an
end.
Many
goods
4.
which/that
were
on
sale(正在销售的)were
destroyed.
This
was
the
biggest
fire
5.
that
people
had
ever
seen(人们有史以来看到的).
Luckily,
the
firefighters
6.
who/that
received
the
emergency
call
(收到紧急电话的)came
at
once.
They
did
all
7.
that
they
could
do(他们能做的)
to
put
out
the
fire.
To
our
relief
,
no
one
was
injured
or
dead.
?
PAGE
-
6
-Unit
4
Natural
Disasters
Listening
and
Speaking?
News
about
natural
disasters
Live
to
Tell:
Raising
Awareness,
Reducing
Mortality.
—United
Nations
International
Strategy
for
Disaster
Reduction
释义:
用生命呼吁:
增强减灾意识,
减少人员伤亡。
——联合国减灾署
启示:
自然灾害难以避免,
但是,
人类可以通过提高减灾意识,
降低财产损失,
减少人员伤亡。
1.
The
disaster
is
not
terrible;
terrible
is
have
no
hope
in
my
heart.
灾难并不可怕,
可怕的是心中没有了希望。
2.
We
inherit
the
disaster,
which
will
become
our
crown
of
the
future.
我们承受的灾难,
将成为我们来日的桂冠。
3.
If
it
is
not
big
disaster
with
great
pain,
humans’
consensus
difficult
to
reach.
若不是大灾难与大苦痛,
人类难以醒悟达成共识。
4.
Disaster
urge
to
grow.
Growth
includes
the
vulnerability
of
the
soul.
灾难催促成长。该成长包括心灵上的抗灾能力。
When
it
comes
to
disasters,
quite
a
lot
of
people
believe
they
will
come
across
sudden
disasters
in
their
life.
To
begin
with,
natural
disasters
like
earthquakes,
floods
and
droughts
occur
now
and
then.
In
addition,
diseases
like
COVID-19,
cancer
and
tumor
will
attack
people
unexpectedly.
Last
but
not
the
least,
car
accidents,
plane
crashes
can’t
be
ignored
as
part
of
disasters.
Why
are
there
so
many
disasters?
The
reasons
may
go
as
follows:
on
the
one
hand,
some
mysteries
about
nature
are
beyond
our
control
and
understanding;
on
the
other
hand,
people
are
careless
and
can’t
foresee
what
will
happen
beforehand.
From
what
has
been
discussed
above,
we
may
safely
draw
the
conclusion
that
disasters
can’t
be
avoided
now,
but
with
more
knowledge
about
nature,
we’ll
certainly
reduce
the
loss
brought
by
them
to
the
smallest
degree,
so
the
prospect
we
are
looking
forward
to
will
be
both
bright
and
encouraging.
[词海拾贝]
1.
unexpectedly
adv.
出乎意料地;
意外地
2.
foresee
v.
预测;
预料
3.
prospect
n.
前景;
希望
4.
encouraging
adj.
鼓舞人心的
5.
come
across
碰到;
偶遇
6.
beyond
our
control
我们无法控制
7.
draw
the
conclusion
得出结论
[我学我思]
What
caused
so
many
natural
disasters?
Firstly,
it
is
the
nature
itself
that
caused
many
disasters.
Secondly,
our
human
beings
have
caused
great
damage
to
the
nature,
which
also
contributes
to
the
frequent
natural
disasters.
?
Ⅰ.
主题词汇听写
Ⅱ.
教材听力填空
NEWS
REPORT
1
Good
morning,
it’s
①17
April.
A
strong
earthquake
hit
Ecuador
yesterday.
The
7.
8-magnitude
earthquake
damaged
many
buildings,
and
early
reports
said
that
about
②230
people
were
killed
and
more
than
1,
500
were
injured.
Volunteers
and
rescue
workers
are
helping
the
survivors.
?
NEWS
REPORT
2
Good
evening.
Today
is
27
March.
More
news
about
the
floods
in
③central
China.
The
government
is
helping
more
than
12,
000
people
in
Hunan
and
Jiangxi
get
away
from
the
rising
water.
Homes
and
land
have
been
destroyed,
but
④no
one
has
been
killed.
Rescue
workers
and
soldiers
are
working
day
and
night
to
make
sure
that
people
are
safe.
They
are
also
bringing
food
and
water
to
those
whose
homes
were
lost
in
the
disaster.
?
NEWS
REPORT
3
Breaking
news,
Saturday
12
August.
A
tornado
was
just
seen
in
southern
Memphis.
Eyewitnesses
said
that
at
9:
25
am,
the
tornado
destroyed
⑤four
homes.
A
police
officer
tells
us
that
at
least
one
person
⑥has
died.
More
tornados
are
possible,
and
the
police
advise
avoiding
the
area.
?
NEWS
REPORT
4
And
is
Seoul,
a
landslide
damaged
⑦a
library
and
a
supermarket
in
a
southern
neighbourhood.
The
landslide
was
caused
by
the
heavy
rain
that
has
fallen
is
Seoul
over
the
past
week.
According
to
the
police,
no
one
was
injured
in
the
landslide,
but
⑧several
cars
were
damaged.
Those
are
the
top
news
for
today,
Wednesday
21
July.
?
Ⅲ.
话题听力体验
听下面一段较长对话,
回答以下小题。
1.
Who
is
the
woman
talking
with?
A.
Her
teacher.
B.
Her
uncle.
C.
Her
classmate.
2.
Where
did
the
earthquake
take
place
according
to
the
woman?
A.
In
New
Zealand.
B.
In
America.
C.
In
Canada.
3.
Why
did
the
woman
come
back
to
Canada?
A.
She
got
hurt
in
the
earthquake.
B.
She
wanted
to
take
a
break.
C.
She
took
an
exchange
program.
4.
What
does
the
man
think
of
studying
in
Australia?
A.
Wonderful.
B.
Terrible.
C.
Funny.
答案:
1～4.
BABA
【听力原文】
M:
Hi,
Sally.
I
haven’t
seen
you
in
years!
What
are
you
up
to
these
days?
W:
Good
to
see
you,
Uncle
Jimmy.
I’m
planning
to
go
back
to
university.
M:
Aren’t
you
studying
in
New
Zealand?
W:
That’s
right.
But
there
was
a
big
earthquake
during
my
third
year,
so
I
took
a
break
and
came
back
to
Canada.
M:
Oh,
no.
Did
you
get
hurt?
W:
No,
I
was
fine.
But
I
just
decided
to
come
back
for
a
couple
of
months.
M:
Okay.
So
when
are
you
going
back
to
school?
W:
In
two
weeks.
I’m
actually
finishing
my
last
year
in
Australia
through
an
exchange
program.
M:
That’s
cool.
W:
What
about
you?
When
are
you
going
back
to
America?
M:
In
a
month.
1.
清辅音和浊辅音的发音技巧
辅音类别
示例
清辅音
/p/
pay,
peach,
supply,
speed,
spend
/t/
foot,
sit,
team,
table,
student,
stop
/k/
kiss,
class,
clock,
cat,
sky,
skirt
/f/
life,
first,
fast,
father,
far,
photo
/s/
face,
stop,
study,
star,
sad,
nice
/?/
fish,
wish,
wash,
shirt,
short
/θ/
three,
thank,
mouth,
tooth,
think
/h/
home,
horse,
house,
he,
his,
him
/tr/
tree,
try,
train,
trip,
true,
street
/t?/
cheap,
chair,
check,
child,
watch
续表
辅音类别
示例
浊辅音
/b/
bee,
buy,
but,
black,
blue,
basket
/d/
dog,
do,
sad,
bad,
dad
/g/
big,
get,
good,
guest,
glass
/v/
very,
never,
five,
fever
/z/
busy,
easy,
nose,
zero
/?/
usual,
pleasure,
decision
/?/
that,
these,
there,
father,
brother
/r/
red,
room,
run,
right,
rat,
rose
/dr/
driver,
dress,
draw,
dry
/d?/
large,
cage,
bridge,
change,
job
注意
(1)在/s/后/p/要读成相应的浊辅音/b/(2)在/s/后/t/要读成相应的浊辅音/d/(3)在/s/后/k/要读成相应的浊辅音/ɡ/
2.
以-ed结尾的单词的发音规律
(1)在清辅音/p//t//k//f//s//h/等后读/t/,
如:
watched,
marked,
finished,
stopped,
cooked等。
(2)在浊辅音/ɡ//v//z//r//m//n/等后或元音后读/d/,
如:
cleaned,
played,
prepared等。
(3)在/t//d/后读/id/,
如:
painted,
started,
visited,
minded等。
1.
选出字母组合发音与其他三项不同的单词。
(1)A.
breathe
B.
length
C.
death
D.
thank
(2)A.
sport
B.
percent
C.
pipe
D.
tap
(3)A.
affect
B.
erupt
C.
whistle
D.
effect
(4)A.
cheap
B.
ache
C.
watch
D.
child
(5)A.
cleaned
B.
worked
C.
washed
D.
helped
答案:
(1)～(5)AACBA
2.
在含有所给音标发音的单词下面画线。
(1)/p/ Peter
was
sleeping
on
the
pillow.
(2)/f/ It’s
very
difficult
for
us
to
finish
it
before
five.
(3)/b/ Bob
will
be
back
before
six
o’clock.
(4)/d/ Every
dog
has
his
day.
(5)/t/ Time
and
tide
wait
for
no
man.
(6)/id/ We
visited
the
museum
where
there
are
some
painted
pictures.
PAGE
-
6
-Unit
4
Natural
Disasters
Listening
and
Talking&
Reading
for
Writing
Prepare
for
a
disaster
Ⅰ.
话题句式
1.
A
strong
earthquake
hit
Ecuador
yesterday.
昨天厄瓜多尔发生了一场大地震。
2.
Rescue
workers
and
soldiers
are
working
day
and
night
to
make
sure
that
people
are
safe.
救援工人和士兵们正日夜工作,
确保人们安全。
3.
I’d
like
to
know
what
we
can
do
to
prevent
natural
disasters.
我想知道我们能做什么来阻止自然灾害。
4.
There’s
no
way
to
prevent
earthquakes
and
storms.
没有办法阻止地震和暴风雨。
5.
We
can
keep
them
from
being
disastrous.
我们可以阻止它们成为灾难性的。
6.
First
of
all,
you
should
do
prevention
because
it
is
more
important
than
any
other
measure.
首先,
你应该做预防,
因为它比任何其他措施都重要。
7.Stay
calm
and
we
had
better
stay
indoors
and
make
sure
that
the
doors
and
windows
are
closed
tightly.
保持镇静,
我们最好待在室内,
确保门窗紧闭。
Ⅱ.
情境交际
听录音补全对话
Teacher:
Thank
you,
Mrs
Fors.
That
was
a
great
presentation!
Class,
do
you
have
any
questions
for
Mrs
Fors?
Student
1:
Mrs
Fors,
I
think
you’re
a
hero.
And
Lucky
is
very
cute.
I’d
like
to
know
what
we
can
do
to
prevent
①natural
disasters.
?
Ms
Fors:
Well,
there’s
no
way
to
prevent
earthquakes
and
storms.
But
if
②we
prepare,
we
can
keep
them
from
becoming
disasters
that
kill
or
injure
people.
To
be
ready,
we
should
make
a
safety
list
of
what
to
do,
where
to
go,
and
who
to
contact.
?
Student
1:
So
what
should
we
do
if
there’s
an
earthquake?
Ms
Fors:
Remember
to
“drop,
cover,
and
③hold
on”.
Drop
down
onto
your
hands
and
knees,
cover
your
head
with
your
hands,
and
stay
away
from
glass,
windows,
or
anything
that
could
fall.
You
could
find
cover
under
a
desk
or
table.
Hold
on
to
the
desk
or
table
so
it
doesn’t
④move
away
from
you.
?
Teacher:
What
should
we
do
if
we’re
outside
when
an
earthquake
happens?
Ms
Fors:
Go
to
an
open
space
away
from
buildings,
trees,
or
power
lines.
Student
2:
And
what
about
after
an
earthquake?
Ms
Fors:
Well,
if
you’re
⑤trapped,
you
can
use
a
cell
phone
to
call
or
text
for
help.
You
can
also
tap
on
a
pipe
or
a
wall,
or
whistle
for
help.
That
way
Lucky
and
I
can
find
you!
Student
2:
I
have
a
question
for
Lucky.
Do
you
like
being
⑥a
rescue
dog?
?
Ms
Fors:
Lucky,
what
do
you
say?
[Sound
of
dog
barking
twice]
Teacher:
I
think
he
says
he’s
a
lucky
dog.
[They
laugh.
]
Ⅰ.
话题词汇
1.
a
strong
earthquake
一场大地震
2.
tap
on
a
pipe
轻敲管道
3.
help
the
survivors
帮助幸存者
4.
first
aid
kit
急救箱
5.
be
caught/
trapped
in
陷入/被困于……
6.
rescue.
.
.
from.
.
.
从……中援救……
7.
volunteers
and
rescue
workers
志愿者和救援人员
8.
emergency
supplies
应急物品
9.
make
sure
that.
.
.
确保……
10.
safety
instructions
安全指令
Ⅱ.
听说演练
李雷正在参加一场主题为“如何预防自然灾害”的演讲比赛,
他正在对如何应对地震展开论述……
Good
morning,
everyone,
I’m
Li
Lei,
and
it’s
my
honor
to
give
a
speech
about
earthquake
prevention.
There
happened
earthquakes
in
many
places
recently.
The
earthquake
could
cause
significant
damage.
So
①how
to
keep
safe
during
an
earthquake
(如何在地震期间保持安全)has
become
an
important
issue.
Here
are
some
guidelines.
?
Firstly,
don’t
be
nervous
and
keep
calm.
Try
to
get
into
②an
open
area
away
from
trees(一片远离树木的空地),
buildings,
walls,
signs,
power
lines
and
anything
else
that
might
fall
on
you
if
you
are
outdoors.
Secondly,
if
you
are
indoors,
stay
there.
Quickly
move
to
a
safe
place
in
the
room
such
as
under
a
strong
desk.
③Cover
your
head
and
neck
with
your
arms
and
hands(用手和胳膊覆盖你的头和脖子).
The
goal
is
to
protect
yourself
from
falling
objects.
Avoid
taking
cover
near
windows,
large
mirrors
and
hanging
objects.
Thirdly,
④never
use
the
lift(绝对不要使用电梯).
?
Though
we
can’t
stop
earthquakes,
⑤we
can
reduce
the
damage
that
earthquakes
bring
us(我们能够减少地震给我们带来的破坏)
if
we
take
right
measures.
?
Ⅰ.
必备单词:
根据提示填写单词
1.
have
enough
supplies
有足够的供给
2.
be
destroyed
by
the
typhoon
被台风破坏
3.
be
damaged
by
the
hurricane
被飓风损坏
4.
tap
on
a
pipe
敲打管道
5.
stay
calm
保持冷静
6.
crash
into
coastlines
撞向海岸线
7.
huge
waves
巨大的海浪
8.
a
storm
struck
the
city
一个风暴袭击了城市
9.
difficult
to
deliver
food
难以运送食物
10.
the
length
of
the
text
文章的长度
11.
the
volcano
erupted
火山爆发了
→a
sudden
eruption(n.
)
一起突然的爆发
12.
survived
the
earthquake
在地震中幸存下来
→the
only
survivor(n.
)
唯一的幸存者
→a
chance
of
survival(n.
)
一个存活的机会
13.
power
lines电线→powerful(adj.
)强大的;
有力量的
14.
an
emergency
number
紧急电话号码
→some
emergent(adj.
)
events
一些突发事件
Ⅱ.
必备短语:
英汉双译
1.
in
the
open
air
露天;
在户外?
2.
first
aid
kit
急救箱?
3.
on
hand
现有(尤指帮助)?
4.
sweep
away
消灭;
彻底消除?
5.
stand
at
达到(特定数量)
6.
at
least
至少
7.
stay
away
from
远离
8.
make
sure
确保
9.
in
danger
处于危险中
根据课文及汉语提示补全下列句子
1.
Fishermen,
tourists,
hotels,
homes
and
cars
were
swept
away
by
huge
waves
caused
by
the
strong
earthquake
that
reached
a
magnitude
of
9.
0.
?
渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被9.
0级强震所引发的巨浪卷走。
2.
Indian
officials
said
as
many
as
1,
900
had
been
killed
along
the
southern
coast.
?
印度官员称,
南部海岸地区有多达1
900人丧生。
3.
I
was
having
breakfast
with
my
three
children
when
water
started
filling
my
home.
?
当时我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭,
海水开始灌进我的家里。
4.
However,
dangerous
conditions
and
damaged
roads
will
make
it
difficult
to
deliver
food
and
supplies.
然而,
由于条件险恶和道路受损,
食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。?
概要写作
框架宏观建构:
整体理解
1.
Time→7:
00
a.
m.
,
Sunday
Place→Indonesia,
India,
Thailand,
Malaysia
and
at
least
four
other
countries
Event→a
tsunami
Cause→an
undersea
quake
Effect→more
than
6,
500
people
were
killed
Following
event→
foreign
aid
2.
Read
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks.
The
passage
is
about
a
tsunami
(1)caused
by
an
undersea
quake
(2)striking
the
west
coast
of
Indonesia’s
Sumatra
Island,
(3)killing
more
than
6,
500
people.
文本微观剖析:
特色表达
掌握下列表达灾害导致破坏的句子
①Fishermen,
tourists,
hotels,
homes,
and
cars
were
swept
away
by
huge
waves.
②The
number
of
deaths
stood
at
2,
498,
and
one
million
more
were
affected
by
the
tsunami.
③Thousands
of
people
are
still
missing,
and
the
number
of
deaths
is
expected
to
grow
even
higher
over
the
next
few
days.
1.
题型特点
概要写作就是在整体把握原文的前提下,
用自己简洁、精练的语言,
对原文的主旨大意进行高度的浓缩,
写出一篇语义连贯的短文。
《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明》对概要写作的题型要求为:
提供一篇350词以内的短文,
要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
概要写作要注意以下几点:
(1)客观性:
概要写作其实是一种客观的复述,
在正确理解原文的基础上,
用自己的语言真实地再现作者的思想,
写作内容要全面,
既不能漏掉任何要点,
也不能随意增加内容。特别需要注意的是,
考生不能对原文进行解释和评论,
也不能掺杂任何个人想法,
或做出任何评判。
(2)简洁性:
能简则简,
避免繁复。概要写作是一种对原文“浓缩”后产生的新语篇,
通过删除细节,
减少例证,
简化描述以及去除重复来实现语言的简洁性,
但是简洁的同时还要做到意义完整。
(3)连贯性:
概要写作并不是写提纲那样只是罗列要点。写概要时,
必须在各要点之间增加一些体现逻辑的关系词,
使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇。
2.
常用句式
(1)描写某事物的性质功能。即“对象+性质功能+利弊”:
(In
the
passage
)The
writer
introduces.
.
.
to
us,
especially
its.
.
.
,
from
which
we
know.
.
.
(2)针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。即“问题+解决方法”:
The
passage
tells
us.
.
.
So
the
author
tells
us
how
to.
.
.
including.
.
.
(3)介绍某现象及其原因、结果。即“现象+原因+结果”:
The
author
talks
about.
.
.
It
is
caused
by.
.
.
As
a
result(Consequently).
.
.
话题词汇
①extreme
weather
极端天气
②natural
disasters
自然灾害
③make
a
difference
有影响,
有关系
④and
so
on
等等;
诸如此类
⑤millions
of
数百万的
⑥countless
无数的;
数不尽的
⑦damage
毁坏
⑧cut
down
削减;
砍倒
⑨plenty
of
足够的;
大量的
⑩protect
保护
请阅读下面短文写一篇60词左右的概要。
The
earthquake
that
hit
San
Francisco
on
April
18,
1906
shook
down
hundreds
of
thousands
of
dollars’
worth
of
walls
and
chimneys
(烟囱).
But
the
fire
that
followed
burned
up
hundreds
of
millions
of
dollars’
worth
of
buildings
and
homes.
Never
before
in
history
has
a
city
been
so
completely
destroyed.
San
Francisco
is
gone.
The
factories,
the
great
stores
and
newspaper
buildings,
the
hotels,
and
the
great
houses
of
the
rich
are
all
gone.
On
Wednesday
morning
at
a
quarter
past
five
came
the
earthquake.
A
moment
later,
the
disaster
was
a
fact.
South
of
Market
Street,
in
the
working-class
neighborhoods
and
in
the
factories,
fires
started.
Within
an
hour
after
the
earthquake,
the
smoke
of
San
Francisco’s
fires
could
be
seen
100
miles
away.
The
sun
was
red
in
the
dark
sky.
There
was
no
stopping
the
fires.
The
firefighters
to
whom
the
task
was
given
did
their
best
but
there
was
no
way
to
organize
or
communicate.
The
steel
railway
tracks
were
now
useless.
And
the
great
pipes
for
carrying
water
under
the
streets
had
burst.
All
of
the
ways
man
had
made
to
keep
the
city
safe
were
gone
in
the
thirty
seconds
the
earth
moved.
By
Wednesday
afternoon,
half
of
the
heart
of
the
city
was
gone.
At
that
time,
I
watched
the
disaster
from
a
ship
on
the
bay
(海湾).
Out
at
sea
it
was
calm.
No
wind
came
up.
Yet
from
every
direction—east,
west,
north,
and
south—strong
winds
blew
upon
the
unlucky
city
and
those
whose
homes
had
once
stood
in
its
green
hills.
Wednesday
night
saw
the
destruction
of
the
very
heart
of
the
city.
Man
himself
had
to
make
ruins
of
some
of
the
city’s
best
buildings
so
that
they
would
not
be
a
danger
to
those
in
the
streets.
Tens
of
thousands
who
had
lost
their
homes
left
the
city
to
look
for
shelter
from
the
fire.
Some
were
dressed
only
in
blankets
and
carried
the
things
that
they
had
been
able
to
rescue
from
the
fires.
But
there
were
no
fights
and
no
pushing
or
shoving.
Somehow
this
worst
of
disasters
brought
out
the
best
in
the
survivors.
Never
in
all
San
Francisco’s
history
were
her
people
so
kind
as
on
that
terrible
night.
完成句子
1.
A
great
earthquake
struck
San
Francisco
on
April
18th,
1906.
?
一场大地震在1906年4月18日袭击了旧金山。
2.
The
earthquake
left
the
city
completely
destroyed.
?
这场地震使这座城市被完全破坏。(leave)
3.
When
night
fell,
homeless
people
saw
the
awful
destruction.
?
当夜晚降临的时候,
无家可归的人们看到了可怕的破坏。(destruction)
4.
Homeless
people
escaped
the
city
to
find
shelter.
?
无家可归的人们逃离这座城市寻找避难之所。
句式升级
5.
用现在分词作结果状语连接句1、句2。
A
great
earthquake
struck
San
Francisco
on
April
18th,
1906,
leaving
the
city
completely
destroyed.
?
6.
用现在分词作时间状语连接句3、句4。
When
night
fell,
seeing
the
awful
destruction,
homeless
people
escaped
the
city
to
find
shelter.
?
A
great
earthquake
struck
San
Francisco
on
April
18th,
1906,
leaving
the
city
completely
destroyed.
It
was
at
5:
15
am
that
the
quake
began,
and
later
fires
started
in
South
of
Market
Street
and
the
city
was
left
without
means
of
communication
or
transportation.
By
the
afternoon,
half
of
the
heart
of
the
city
had
disappeared.
When
night
fell,
seeing
the
awful
destruction,
homeless
people
escaped
the
city
to
find
shelter.
Although
in
disaster,
people
had
shown
their
greatest
kindness.
?
1.
supply
n.
供应(量);
补给;
[pl.
]补给品
vt.
供应;
供给
(教材原句)The
supplies
which
were
provided
to
the
disaster
area
were
collected
from
around
the
country.
提供给灾区的补给是从全国各地收集起来的。
【词块积累】
(1)supply
and
demand
供应与需求
a
good/large
supply
of
大量的/充足的供应
in
short
supply
供应不足
把某物提供/供应给某人/某物
①The
heart
of
the
problem
is
the
relationship
between
supply
and
demand.
?
问题的核心是供求关系。
②It
is
generally
believed
that
there
is
a
good
supply
of
fresh
water.
?
一般认为,
淡水供应很充足。
③A
very
important
reason
is
that
the
house
is
in
short
supply.
一个非常重要的原因是,
房子供不应求。?
④We
should
eat
fresh
vegetables
and
fruit
every
day,
which
supply
rich
and
necessary
vitamins
to
us.
每天我们都应该吃些新鲜的蔬菜和水果,
以保证给身体提供充足必需的维生素。
2.
survive
vi.
生存;
存活 vt.
幸存;
艰难度过
(教材原句)She’s
feeding
the
baby
who
survived
the
earthquake.
她正在喂养一个在地震中幸存下来的婴儿。
【词块积累】
(1)survive
sth.
幸免于;
从……中挺过来/活过来
survive
on
依靠……生存
(2)survivor
n.幸存者
survival
n.
[U]幸存;
[C]残存物
①He
survived
the
difficulties
at
the
beginning
of
his
life,
and
finally
achieved
success
through
his
own
efforts.
?
他挺过了早期生活中的困难,
最终,
通过自己的努力获得成功。
②Baptiste
Dubanchet
is
biking
across
Europe,
surviving
on
discarded
food.
?
Baptiste
Dubanchet骑行穿越欧洲,
依靠丢弃的垃圾过活。
③Later
all
the
survivors
were
rescued
including
Matrone’s
wife.
随后,
所有的幸存者都被救了,
包括Matrone的妻子。
④All
animals
have
an
instinct
to
seek
survival.
动物都有求生的本能。
【熟词生义】
He
died
in
1940,
but
his
wife
survived
him
by
another
20
years.
(vt.
比……活得长)
他在1940年去世,
但他的妻子比他多活了20年。
survive
易错误区
survive表示“幸免于”时,
是及物动词,
因而不要加多余的介词in,
from等。
3.
aid
n.
援助;
帮助;
救援物资 vi.
&vt.
(formal)帮助;
援助
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Without
his
aid,
my
skills
in
English
wouldn’t
have
been
greatly
improved!
没有他的帮助,
我的英语技能不会提高这么多!
【词块积累】
(1)come
to
one’s
aid
帮助某人
with
the
aid
of
在……的帮助下
(2)aid
sb.
in
(doing)
sth.
在(做)某事方面帮助某人
aid
sb.
with
sth.
以某事/物帮助某人
aid
sb.
to
do
sth.
帮助某人做某事
①The
car
in
the
future
can
avoid
traffic
accidents
with
the
aid
of
high
technology.
?
未来的汽车能够在高科技的帮助下避免交通事故。
②People
from
other
parts
of
the
country
aided
them
with
plenty
of
supplies.
来自全国其他地区的人们用充足的物资帮助他们。
③Our
government
aided
us
to
go
through
those
hard
times.
我们的政府帮助我们渡过了那些艰难时刻。?
aid双词性
aid既可作动词,
也可作名词,
意为“救助,
帮助”,
比help正式。尤指用金钱援助一群人,
接受帮助的人较广。
4.
strike
vi.
&vt.
侵袭;
突击;
击打
n.
罢工;
罢课;
袭击
(教材原句)The
undersea
quake
struck
around
7:
00
a.
m.
,
Sunday
off
the
west
coast
of
Indonesia’s
Sumatra
Island.
海底地震于周日早上7点在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西海岸发生。
【词块积累】
(1)It
strikes/struck
sb.
that
.
.
.
某人突然想到……
be
struck
by
被……打动/迷住了
strike
.
.
.
into
one’s
heart
使……刻骨铭心
strike
sb.
+介词+the+身体部位
打某人的某处
(2)be
on
strike
在罢工
go
on
strike
举行罢工
①I’m
sorry
to
learn
from
the
Internet
that
your
hometown
was
struck
by
the
tornado
yesterday.
?
我很抱歉从网上得知你的家乡昨天遭受龙卷风侵袭。
②It
strikes
her
that
John
had
told
her
that
chimpanzees
were
his
favorite
animals.
?
她突然想到约翰告诉过她大猩猩是他最喜欢的动物。
③Fortunately,
a
stone
struck
him
on
the
back,
but
didn’t
cause
much
injury
to
him.
?
幸运的是,
一块石头打在他的后背,
但是没造成太严重的伤。
多种含义的strike
strike的含义有很多,
作动词时,
还可以表示“撞击;
敲(钟等);
踢(球等);
使打动;
突然想到;
照射;
擦(火柴);
弹奏;
铸造(硬币)”等。
【易混辨析】
beat
强调连续或反复地“打”,
像心脏跳动、打鼓、打拍子之类连续性或反复性的动作
strike
常指“猛地一击”
hit
侧重指有目标地用力“击中”,
有时也指“打一下”
5.
effect
n.
影响;
结果;
效果
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)To
test
the
effect
of
social
influence
on
eating
habits,
the
researchers
conducted
two
experiments.
为了检验社会影响对饮食习惯的影响的效果,
研究人员开展了两项实验。
【词块积累】
(1)have
an
effect
on/upon
对……产生影响
come
into
effect
生效
take
effect
生效
in
effect
事实上;
实际上
side
effect
副作用
(2)effective
adj.
有效的;
有影响的
①(2020·江苏高考)Humor
raises
your
energy,
and
that
can
have
an
effect
on
everything
you
do
at
school,
at
work,
or
in
your
personal
life.
?
幽默提高你的精力,
这对你在学校、工作或个人生活中所做的一切都有影响。
②But
just
choose
it
when
you
are
really
in
a
hurry,
or
it
will
surely
take
some
side
effects
to
you.
?
但是,
只能在你真正匆忙的时候才能选择它,
否则的话,
它一定会给你带来一些副作用。
③Many
poor
families
have
got
effective
help
from
local
government
and
have
improved
their
life
greatly.
?
很多贫困家庭从当地政府得到了有效的帮助,
极大地提高了他们的生活水平。
6.
I
was
having
breakfast
with
my
three
children
when
water
started
filling
my
home.
?
我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭,
这时水开始灌进我的家里。
【句式解构】
该句式为be
doing.
.
.
when.
.
.
结构,
表示“正在做……,
这时/突然……”,
when
为并列连词,
表示“这时;
突然”,
相当于and
at
this/that
time。
【词块积累】
be
about
to
do.
.
.
when.
.
.
正要做……这时……
be
on
the
point
of
doing.
.
.
when.
.
.
正要做……这时……
had
(just)
done.
.
.
when.
.
.
刚做完……这时……
①One
morning
he
was
walking
along
the
street
when
a
stranger
stopped
him.
?
有一天早晨,
他正沿着街道散步,
突然一个陌生人拦住了他。
②He
was
about
to
quit
when
I
took
out
my
cellphone,
scanned
the
QR
code
and
paid
the
vendor
5
yuan.
?
他正要放弃时我拿出手机,
扫了一下二维码付了摊主5元。
③I
had
just
done
all
my
homework
when
my
father
came
home.
?
我刚做完所有的作业,
我爸爸回家了。
【要点拾遗】
1.
erupt
vi.
&vt.
(火山)爆发;
(岩浆、烟等)喷出
(教材原句)The
couple
who
live
next
to
us
volunteered
to
help
after
the
volcano
erupted.
火山爆发后住在我们附近的一对夫妇自愿提供帮助。
【词块积累】
(1)erupt
into
突然变为/发展成
erupt
from
从……喷出
(2)eruption
n.
爆发,
喷发
①The
volcano
erupted
in
1980,
devastating
a
large
area
of
Washington
State.
?
这座火山1980年喷发,
摧毁了华盛顿州的大片地区。
②As
the
excellent
performance
ended,
loud
cheers
erupted
from
the
crowd.
?
当精彩的表演结束的时候,
响亮的欢呼声从人群中爆发。
③Scientists
have
paid
special
attention
to
the
eruption
of
the
volcano.
?
科学家们特别关注这座火山的爆发。
2.
power
n.
电力供应;
能量;
力量;
控制力
(2020·浙江高考)Agriculture
gave
people
their
first
experience
of
the
power
of
technology
to
change
lives.
农业让人们第一次体会到改变生活的科技的力量。
【词块积累】
(1)come
to/into
power
上台;
开始执政
in
power
掌权,
执政
in
one’s
power
在某人的能力范围内
beyond
/out
of
one’s
power
超出某人能力范围
(2)powerful
adj.
强大的;
有影响力的;
有势力的
powerless
adj.
无力的;
无权的;
无效能的
①In
this
difficult
time,
poetry
seems
to
have
a
special
power
to
comfort
and
connect.
?
在这个困难时期,
诗歌似乎拥有一种抚慰和引发共鸣的特殊力量。
②It
is
reported
that
this
president
has
done
a
lot
to
improve
people’s
living
standard
when
in
power.
?
据报道这位总统在执政期间为提高人们的生活水平做了很多工作。
③I
will
do
what
I
can
to
help
you
if
it
is
in
my
power.
?
如果在我的能力范围之内,
我会尽我的最大努力帮助你。
④We
use
words
every
day
but
not
all
of
us
realize
their
powerful
influence.
?
我们每天都用词汇,
但不是所有人都意识到它们的巨大影响力。
短暂的come
to
power
come
to/into
power是表示短暂性动作的短语,
在完成时态的句子中,
不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,
可以换成be
in
power。例如:
他上台执政已经5年了。
①He
came
into
power
five
years
ago.
②He
has
been
in
power
for
five
years.
③It
has
been
five
years
since
he
came
into
power.
As
a
saying
goes,
knowledge
is
power.
俗话说,
知识就是力量。
3.
calm
adj.
镇静的;
沉着的 vt.
使平静;
使镇静
(2020·天津高考)The
deep,
gentle
voice
helped
calm
the
nervous
girl.
深沉而又温柔的嗓音使这个紧张的女孩冷静下来。
【词块积累】
keep/stay
calm
保持镇静
calm
down
使平静下来
calmly
adv.
冷静地;
平心静气
①We
should
keep
calm
and
try
to
save
ourselves
and
help
others.
?
我们应该保持冷静,
尽力拯救我们自己,
并帮助别人。
②To
solve
the
problem,
parents
should
learn
to
calm
down.
?
为了解决这个问题,
父母应该学会平静下来。
③(2020·浙江高考)The
last
thing
I
saw
was
Don’s
face,
looking
calmly
back
at
me.
我最后看到的是Don的面孔,
冷静地回头看了看我。
【易混辨析】
calm
“平静的,
镇静的”,
指无风浪的或人的心情不激动的
quiet
“宁静的,
安静的”,
指不吵闹的或心境不烦躁的
still
“静止的,
不动的”,
指(人体或物体等)不运动的
silent
“沉默的,
寂静的”,
指不讲话或没有声音的
4.
on
hand现有(尤指帮助)
(教材原句)We
would
suggest
always
having
on
hand
enough
water
and
food
for
three
days.
我们建议要时刻保持手边有足够三天的水和食物。
【导图理词】
①Pollination
will
have
to
be
done
by
hand,
which
would
have
effects
on
the
quality
of
food
and
increased
food
price.
?
授粉不得不用手工完成,
这会影响食品的质量,
增加食品的价格。
②On
the
one
hand,
we
can
learn
a
great
deal
from
other
students
we
meet
in
activities.
?
一方面,
我们可以从在活动中遇到的其他同学那里学到很多。
③Let’s
work
hand
in
hand
to
overcome
these
difficulties.
?
让我们联合起来共同克服这些困难。
5.
sweep
away消灭;
彻底消除
(教材原句)Fishermen,
tourists,
hotels,
homes,
and
cars
were
swept
away
by
huge
waves
caused
by
the
strong
earthquake
that
reached
a
magnitude
of
9.
0.
渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被9.
0级强烈地震引发的巨浪卷走。
【词块积累】
sweep
down
冲倒
sweep
up
横扫;
打扫;
一下抱起(某人);
涌向;
掠过
①It
was
really
shocking
to
see
such
a
big
tree
swept
down
by
the
flood.
?
看到这么大的一棵树被洪水冲倒真让人大为吃惊。
②He
was
left
to
sweep
up
the
bits
of
paper
and
broken
glass.
?
他被留下来清扫那些纸屑和碎玻璃。
6.
deliver
vt.
&vi.
递送;
传达 vt.
发表
(教材原句)Dangerous
conditions
and
damaged
roads
will
make
it
difficult
to
deliver
food
and
supplies.
危险的状况和受损的道路使得食物和物资的运输很困难。
【词块积累】
(1)deliver
sth.
to
sb.
把某物传递给某人
deliver
a
speech/lecture
发表演说
(2)delivery
n.
递送;
交付
①(2020·
天津高考)Once
the
book
you’ve
requested
is
delivered
to
the
nearest
branch,
they
will
inform
you
by
e-mail.
?
一旦你要的书被递送到最近的分站,
他们就会用邮件告知你。
②Good
morning,
everyone,
I
feel
honored
to
deliver
a
speech
here
sharing
my
dream
with
you.
?
大家早上好,
我很荣幸在这里发表演讲与你们分享我的梦想。
③It’s
a
common
sight
to
see
food
delivery
workers
riding
electric
bikes
through
big
cities
in
China.
?
外卖配送员骑着电动车在中国大城市里穿梭是很常见的景观。
【熟词生义】
She
was
safely
delivered
of
a
boy
in
the
early
hours
of
this
morning.
(vt.
分娩,
生孩子)
她今天清晨顺利生下一个男孩。
拒绝双宾语的deliver
deliver后不接双宾语,
即不能说deliver
sb.
sth.
,
只能说deliver
sth.
to
sb.
。
7.
However,
dangerous
conditions
and
damaged
roads
will
make
it
difficult
to
deliver
food
and
supplies.
?
然而,
危险的环境和被毁的道路将使得食物和物资很难送达。
【句式解构】
本句为简单句,
其结构为:
主语+make
+it
+adj.
(+for
sb.
)+to
do
sth.
,
其中it为形式宾语,
adj.
作宾语补足语,
真正的宾语为后面的动词不定式短语,
for用来引出不定式的逻辑主语。
①(2019·江苏高考)Walking
upright
makes
it
easy
to
find
food
or
guard
against
enemies.
?
直立行走更容易找到食物或防御敌人。
②As
a
useful
tool,
the
app
makes
it
possible
for
us
to
chat
with
others.
?
作为一个有用的工具,
这个应用程序使我们与他人聊天成为可能。
③Many
people
nowadays
have
various
health
problems,
which
makes
it
more
and
more
important
to
keep
healthy.
?
当今很多人有各种各样的健康问题,
这使保持健康变得越来越重要。
【知识拓展】“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构
(1)make
+宾语+名词
Most
pop
singers
make
music
their
career.
大多数流行歌手把音乐当作他们的事业。
(2)make
+宾语+形容词
His
success
made
his
mother
very
happy.
他的成功让他的母亲很开心。
(3)make
+宾语+不带to的不定式
Nobody
made
us
go
to
bed
at
a
certain
time.
没有人让我们在某一固定时间就寝。
(4)make
+宾语+过去分词
The
teacher
raised
his
voice
so
that
he
could
make
himself
heard.
那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他。
(5)make
+宾语+介词短语
You
made
him
into
an
honest
one.
你使他成为一个诚实的人。
(6)make
+形式宾语it
+形容词或名词
+从句(作真正的宾语)
They
want
to
make
it
clear
to
the
public
that
they
do
an
important
and
necessary
job.
他们想向公众表明,
他们所做的工作不但重要,
而且是必不可少的。
Project:
Give
a
presentation
on
natural
disasters
1.
分析文章内容,
并找出具体的自然灾害以及发生原因。
In
the
past
hundred
years,
there
have
been
frequent
natural
disasters,
such
as
floods,
droughts,
mud-rock
flows,
seismic(因地震而引起的)
sea
waves,
earthquakes,
windstorms
and
the
stretching
of
new
deserts.
The
disasters
have
killed
millions
upon
millions
of
people,
destroyed
countless
homes,
and
wiped
out
numerous
pieces
of
fertile
land.
Now
more
and
more
people
become
aware
that
those
disasters
have
much
to
do
with
what
we
have
done
to
the
earth.
We
have
cut
down
too
many
trees
in
the
forests,
we
have
badly
polluted
the
environment,
and
we
have
shocked
our
own
home-planet
time
and
again
with
tremendously
powerful
explosions
of
nuclear
bombs.
As
a
result,
climates
have
become
abnormal,
rainwater
rushes
down
hillsides
angrily,
and
the
underground
energy
goes
up
to
revenge
itself
on
us.
The
earth
is
our
only
home-planet.
It
is
urgent
for
us
to
stop
damaging
it,
and
to
do
our
best
to
protect
it
and
make
it
a
lovely
place
suitable
to
live
in,
for
we
have
nowhere
to
go
and
survive
except
where
we
are
now.
Disasters:
①floods ②droughts ③mud-rock
flows④seismic
sea
waves ⑤earthquakes ⑥windstorms
⑦stretching
of
new
desertsCauses:
①We
have
cut
down
too
many
trees
in
the
forests.
②We
have
badly
polluted
the
environment.
③We
have
shocked
our
own
home-planet
time
and
again
with
tremendously
powerful
explosions
of
nuclear
bombs.
2.
根据上篇文章,
汉语提示,
完成下文关于海啸的新闻报道并在英语课上宣读。
A
magnitude
8.
1
earthquake
①has
been
recorded
(已被记录)in
the
waters
north
of
Hokkaido,
Japan
near
the
Kuril
Islands,
Russia.
The
Pacific
Tsunami
Warning
Center
in
Hawaii
has
issued
a
②warning
(警报)for
northern
Japan
and
other
parts
of
the
Pacific
Basin.
However,
officials
say
a
③damaging
tsunami(破坏性的海啸)
is
not
expected
to
④hit
the
western
coast
(袭击西海岸)of
the
United
States
or
Canada.
Some
sections
of
Oregon,
Washington,
Alaska,
California,
and
British
may
still
⑤experience
sea
level
changes(经历海平面变化).
?
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
I
was
taking
an
online
class
in
my
study
when
I
heard
a
loud
noise
in
the
backyard.
2.
We
must
take
effective
(effect)
measures
to
protect
the
environment
there
from
going
worse.
3.
Tom
was
about
to
close(close)
the
window
when
his
attention
was
attracted
by
a
bird.
?
4.
The
invention
of
the
high-speed
railway
makes
it
easy
to
travel
thousands
of
miles
a
day.
5.
The
length
(long)
of
a
paragraph
depends
on
the
information
it
conveys.
6.
The
organisation
promised
to
supply
enough
books
to
those
students.
7.
Striken(strike)
by
the
beauty
of
Mount
Tai,
we
decided
to
stay
another
day.
8.
Chinese
delivery(deliver)
driver
Gao
Zhixiao
was
featured
on
the
cover
of
Time
magazine
for
March
19,
2020.
Ⅱ.
完成句子
1.
We
tried
to
calm
him
down,
but
he
kept
shouting.
?
我们试图让他冷静下来,
但是他一直在大声喊叫。
2.
I
couldn’t
speak
any
French,
but
a
nice
man
came
to
my
aid
and
told
me
how
to
go.
?
我不会说法语,
但是一位好心的男士来帮助我并告诉我怎么走。
3.
I
don’t
know
how
you
manage
to
survive
on
such
little
money.
?
我不知道你如何能依靠如此少的钱过活。
4.
His
car
crashed
into
a
tree
while
he
was
driving
in
the
snowstorm.
?
当他在暴风雪中开车时,
他的车撞到了树上。
5.
Heavy
floods
swept
away
houses
and
took
away
the
lives
of
many.
?
猛烈的洪水冲走了房屋并带走了许多人的生命。
6.
It
suddenly
struck
me
that
you
might
have
already
known
for
a
long
time.
?
我突然想到你可能早就知道了。
7.
That
sounds
rather
easy,
but
in
effect
it’s
very
difficult.
?
那听起来很简单,
但是实际上,
这很难。
8.
He
has
too
much
work
on
hand
to
go
picnicking
with
us.
?
他现在手头上有很多工作,
不能和我们去野餐。
9.
We
were
discussing
the
maths
problem
when
the
headmaster
came
in.
?
我们正在讨论数学问题,
这时校长进来了。
选词并用其适当形式填空
length,
effect,
emergency,
calm,
sweep,
wave
strike,
deliver,
crash,
summary
1.
The
length
of
the
bridge
is
200
metres.
2.
There
have
been
growing
concerns
about
the
floating
garbage
and
its
effect
on
sea
creatures
and
human
health.
3.
The
door
can
only
be
opened
in
an
emergency.
4.
Jack
took
a
deep
breath
to
calm
himself
down.
5.
The
owner
of
the
store
was
sweeping
his
floor
when
I
walked
in.
6.
My
mother
was
crying
as
I
waved
goodbye
to
her.
7.
The
tree
was
struck
by
lightning.
8.
We
were
told
the
pizza
would
be
delivered
in
20
minutes.
9.
She
fell
heavy
and
crashed
her
head
against
the
side
of
the
boat.
10.
In
summary,
our
living
conditions
are
becoming
better
and
better.
单词
1.
drought
n.
旱灾;
久旱2.
tsunami
n.
海啸3.
magnitude
n.
(地)震级;
重大4.
evacuate
vt.
疏散;
撤出
vi.
撤离5.
helicopter
n.
直升机6.
shelter
n.
避难处;
居所;
庇护
vt.
保护
vi.
掩蔽;
躲避(风雨或危险)7.
crack
n.
裂纹;
裂缝
vi.
&vt.
(使)破裂8.
ruin
n.
&
vt.
破坏;
毁坏9.
percent
n.
百分之……
adj.
&
adv.
每一百中10.
brick
n.
砖;
砖块11.
metal
n.
金属12.
electricity
n.
电;
电能13.
trap
vt.
使落入险境;
使陷入圈套
n.
险境;
陷阱14.
unify
vi.
&
vt.
统一;
(使)成一体15.
context
n.
上下文;
语境;
背景16.
volcano
n.
火山17.
typhoon
n.
台风18.
tap
n.
水龙头;
轻敲;
轻叩
vt.
&
vi.
轻叩;
轻敲;
轻拍19.
disaster
n.
灾难;
灾害20.
slide
vi.
&
vt.
(使)滑行;
滑动21.
rescue
n.
&
vt.
营救;
救援22.
damage
vt.
损害;
破坏
n.
损坏;
损失23.
destroy
vt.
摧毁;
毁灭24.
death
n.
死;
死亡
25.
bury vt.
埋葬;
安葬26.
effort
n.
努力;
艰难的尝试;
尽力27.
wisdom
n.
智慧;
才智28.
supply
vt.
供应;
供给
n.
供应(量);
补给29.
calm
adj.
镇静的;
沉着的
vt.
使平静;
使镇静30.
aid
n.
援助;
帮助;
救援物资
vt.
&
vi.
援助;
帮助31.
sweep
vt.
&
vi.
打扫;
清扫32.
strike
vt.
&
vi.
侵袭;
突击;
击打
n.
罢工;
罢课;
袭击33.
summary
n.
总结;
概括;
概要34.
length
n.
长;
长度35.
pipe
n.
管道;
管子36.
whistle
n.
哨子(声),
呼啸声
vt.
&
vi.
吹口哨37.
kit
n.
成套工具;
成套设备38.
crash
vt.
&
vi.
碰撞;
撞击
n.
撞车;
碰撞39.
wave
n.
海浪;
波浪
vt.
&vi.
挥手;
招手40.
injure
vt.
损害,
伤害→injury
n.
伤害,
受伤处→injured
adj.
受伤的41.
affect
vt.
影响→effect
n.
影响42.
shock
n.
震惊;
惊讶;
休克→shocking
adj.
令人震惊的→shocked
adj.
感到震惊的43.
breathe
vt.
呼吸→breath
n.
呼吸→breathless
adj.
喘不上气的44.
suffer
vt.
&vi.
遭受→suffering
n.
痛苦,
折磨45.
erupt
vi.
&vt.
爆发;
喷出→eruption
n.
爆发46.
survive
vt.
幸存;
存活→survivor
n.
幸存者→survival
n.
幸存;
存活47.
power
n.
力量,
能力→powerful
adj.
强大的;
有力量的48.
emergency
n.
紧急情况;
突发事件→emergent
adj.
突发的;
紧急的
短语
1.
as
if
似乎;
好像;
仿佛2.
in
ruins
严重受损;
破败不堪
3.
in
shock
震惊;
吃惊4.
set
up
建立5.
as
usual
像往常一样6.
come
to
an
end
结束7.
in
the
open
air
露天;
在户外8.
first
aid
kit
急救箱9.
on
hand
现有(尤指帮助)10.
sweep
away
消灭;
彻底消除
11.
dig
out 挖掘12.
instead
of
而不是;
代替13.
a
home
to.
.
.
……的家园14.
go
through
经历;
经受;
通过15.
stand
at
达到(特定数量)16.
at
least
至少17.
stay
away
from
远离18.
make
sure
确保19.
in
danger
处于危险中
句式结构
1.
who引导的定语从句Two
thirds
of
the
people
who
lived
there
were
dead
or
injured.
住在那里的三分之二的居民(在地震中)死亡或受伤。2.
whose引导的定语从句Workers
built
shelters
for
survivors
whose
homes
had
been
destroyed.
工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。3.
过去分词作定语Fishermen,
tourists,
hotels,
homes,
and
cars
were
swept
away
by
huge
waves
caused
by
the
strong
earthquake
that
reached
a
magnitude
of
9.
0.
渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被9.
0级强震所引发的巨浪卷走。
4.
be
doing.
.
.
when.
.
.
正在做某事这时……I
was
having
breakfast
with
my
three
children
when
water
started
filling
my
home.
当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭,
海水开始灌入屋内。5.
it作形式宾语However,
dangerous
conditions
and
damaged
roads
will
make
it
difficult
to
deliver
food
and
supplies.
然而,
由于条件险恶和道路受损,
食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。
Who
Moved
My
Cheese?
(excerpt
Ⅱ)
The
quicker
you
let
go
of
old
cheese,
the
sooner
you
find
new
cheese.
?
After
a
while,
Haw
made
his
way
back
to
Cheese
Station
C
and
found
Hem.
He
offered
Hem
bits
of
New
Cheese,
but
was
turned
down.
Hem
appreciated
his
friend’s
gesture
but
said,
“I
don’t
think
I
would
like
New
Cheese.
It’s
not
what
I’m
used
to.
I
want
my
own
Cheese
back
and
I’m
not
going
to
change
until
I
get
what
I
want.
”
Haw
just
shook
his
head
in
disappointment
and
reluctantly
went
back
out
on
his
own.
As
here
turned
to
the
farthest
point
he
had
reached
in
the
Maze,
he
missed
his
friend,
but
realized
he
liked
what
he
was
discovering.
Even
before
he
found
what
he
hoped
would
be
a
great
supply
of
New
Cheese,
if
ever,
he
knew
that
what
made
him
happy
wasn’t
just
having
Cheese.
He
was
happy
when
he
wasn’t
being
run
by
his
fear.
He
liked
what
he
was
doing
now.
Knowing
this,
Haw
didn’t
feel
as
weak
as
he
did
when
he
stayed
in
Cheese
Station
C
with
no
Cheese.
Just
realizing
he
was
not
letting
his
fear
stop
him,
and
knowing
that
he
had
taken
a
new
direction,
nourished
him
and
gave
him
strength.
Now
he
felt
that
it
was
just
a
question
of
time
before
he
found
what
he
needed.
In
fact,
he
sensed
he
had
already
found
what
he
was
looking
for.
He
smiled
as
he
realized:
It
is
safer
to
search
in
the
maze
than
remain
in
a
Cheeseless
Station
Haw
realized
again,
as
he
had
once
before,
that
what
you
are
afraid
of
is
never
as
bad
as
what
you
imagine.
The
fear
you
let
build
up
in
your
mind
is
worse
than
the
situation
that
actually
exists.
He’d
been
so
afraid
of
never
finding
New
Cheese
that
he
hadn’t
even
wanted
to
start
looking.
But
since
starting
his
journey,
he
had
found
enough
Cheese
in
the
corridors
to
keep
him
going.
Now
he
looked
forward
to
finding
more.
Just
looking
ahead
was
becoming
exciting.
His
old
thinking
had
been
clouded
by
his
worries
and
fears.
He
used
to
think
about
not
having
enough
Cheese,
or
not
having
it
last
as
long
as
he
wanted.
He
used
to
think
more
about
what
could
go
wrong
than
what
could
go
right.
导语:
在本章中唧唧踏上了独自一人的旅行,
在它的旅行中会发生什么样的故事呢?
1.
appreciate vt.
欣赏;
感激
2.
reluctantly
adv.
不情愿地
3.
nourish
vt.
抚养;
滋养
形容词、副词的比较级是英语中常见的用法。在本章节的开头(The
quicker
you
let
go
of
old
cheese,
the
sooner
you
find
new
cheese.
)就是用了比较级句型:
the+比较级,
the+比较级“越……,
就越……”。下面是一些比较级用法:
比较级+and+比较级越来越……
否定词+比较级
表示最高级
no
more
than
仅仅,
和……一样不
no
less
than
多达
not
more.
.
.
than.
.
.
……不如……
【情境应用】
1.
看到这一幕,
他越来越激动,
最终禁不住哭了。
译:
Seeing
the
scene,
he
became
more
and
more
excited,
and
at
last
couldn’t
help
crying.
?
2.
你越努力,
你就越进步。
译:
The
harder
you
work,
the
more
progress
you
make.
?
3.
与其说他是个音乐家还不如说他是个诗人。
译:
He
is
more
of
a
poet
than
a
musician.
?
4.
随着这个特别的圣诞节的临近,
我兴奋极了。
译:
With
the
special
Christmas
coming,
I
couldn’t
be
more
excited.
?
名著译文:
《谁动了我的奶酪?
》(节选2)
越早放弃旧的奶酪,
你就会越早发现新的奶酪。
不久,
唧唧就回到了奶酪C站,
找到了哼哼。他给了哼哼一些新的小块奶酪,
但被拒绝了。
哼哼很感激朋友的心意,
但是他说:
“我不喜欢新奶酪,
这不是我习惯吃的那一种。我只要我自己的奶酪回来。除非可以得到我想要的东西,
否则我是不会改变主意的。”
唧唧失望地摇了摇头,
不情愿地一个人踏上了自己的旅程。当走到他到达过的迷宫最深处时,
他怀念起他的朋友来,
但他明白,
他喜欢的还是他的探险过程。虽然以前他希望的是得到充足的新奶酪,
但现在他清楚使自己快乐的并不仅仅是奶酪而已。
他高兴的是,
他不再受自己的恐惧感的驱使。
他喜欢自己正在做的事情。明白了这一点,
唧唧不再像在奶酪C站时,
没有奶酪的日子里感到那样的虚弱了。他知道,
他不会再让恐惧感阻碍自己。他选择了一个新的方向,
他的身心得到了滋养,
体力得到加强。
现在,
他觉得,
找到自己想要的东西只是一个时间问题。事实上,
他感到他已经找到了他一直在寻找的东西。
当他认识到这一点的时候,
他不禁微笑起来:
在迷宫中搜寻比停留在没有奶酪的地方更安全。
唧唧还认识到,
就像他曾经体会过的那样,
你所害怕的东西根本没有你想像的那样糟糕,
在你心里形成的恐惧比你的实际处境要更坏。
他曾经是如此害怕找不到新的奶酪,
以至于他根本不想开始去寻找。然而一旦开始寻找的旅程,
他就发现迷宫的走廊中有足够的奶酪使他继续找下去。现在,
他期待着找到更多的奶酪。只要朝前看,
他就会因为有所期待而兴奋起来。
他过去的思想被恐惧和忧虑蒙蔽了。过去考虑的总是没有奶酪,
或者没有可以维持足够长时间的奶酪。以前总是觉得会把事情做不好,
而不是考虑把事情做好。
PAGE
-
26
-Unit
4
Natural
Disasters
Reading
and
Thinking?
Ⅰ.
必备单词:
根据提示填写单词
1.
a
natural
disaster
一场自然灾害
2.
the
rescue
workers
救援人员
3.
buildings
were
damaged
建筑被损坏
4.
2,
400
homes
destroyed
2
400座房屋被破坏
5.
shelters
set
up
避难所建立起来
6.
lay
in
ruins
成为废墟
7.
about
75
percent
of
the
city’s
factories
and
buildings
城市75%的工厂和建筑物
8.
bricks
covered
the
ground
砖头覆盖着大地
9.
useless
pieces
of
metal
无用的金属碎片
10.
electricity
was
hard
to
get
难以获得电力
11.
those
who
were
trapped
那些被困的人
12.
to
bury
the
dead
掩埋死去的人
13.
tireless
efforts
of
the
city’s
people
市民们不知疲惫的努力
14.
show
the
wisdom
展示出智慧
15.
500,
000
affected
500
000人受影响
→have
no/an
effect
on
有/没有影响
16.
people
were
in
shock
人们大为震惊
→a
shocking(adj.
)
news
一个令人震惊的消息
→feel
shocked(adj.
)
感到震惊
17.
to
breathe
again再次呼吸→a
deep
breath(n.
)深呼吸→a
little
breathless(adj.
)有点喘不上气
18.
suffer
from
terrible
injuries遭受严重的伤→suffering(n.
)痛苦,
折磨
Ⅱ.
必备短语:
英汉双译
1.
as
if
似乎;
好像;
仿佛?
2.
in
ruins
严重受损;
破败不堪
?
3.
in
shock
震惊;
吃惊?
4.
set
up
建立?
5.
as
usual
像往常一样?
6.
come
to
an
end
结束?
7.
in
times
of
在……时期
8.
instead
of
而不是……;
代替
9.
get
back
up
on
one’s
feet
东山再起;
重新开始
10.
go
through
经历
Ⅲ.
必备句式:
翻译课文原句,
并观察黑体部分
1.
Two
thirds
of
the
people
who
lived
there
were
dead
or
injured.
住在那里的三分之二的居民(在地震中)死亡或受伤。
2.
Everywhere
survivors
looked,
there
was
nothing
but
ruins.
幸存者目及之处,
无一不是废墟,
万物尽毁。
3.
People
began
to
wonder
how
long
the
disaster
would
last.
人们心里开始疑惑这场灾难还会持续多久。
4.
Workers
built
shelters
for
survivors
whose
homes
had
been
destroyed.
工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。
1.
名词+-less构成含否定意义的形容词,
意为“不,
无”:
例如:
breath
+
-less
→
breathless
喘不上气的
tire→tireless
adj.
不倦的
color→colorless
adj.
无色的
home→homeless
adj.
无家可归的
effort→effortless
adj.
不费力的
end→endless
adj.
无尽的
2.
“介词in
+
名词”构成的短语,
在句中作状语或表语,
例如:
in
shock
震惊地
in
danger处于危险中
in
trouble有麻烦
in
surprise惊讶地
in
need急需
框架宏观建构:
整体理解
1.
Skim
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks
2.
What’s
the
main
idea
of
this
passage?
The
passage
mainly
talks
about
a/an
earthquake
that
happened
in
Tangshan
on
July
28,
1976.
【阅读策略点拨】
扫读(scanning)
扫读又叫扫描式阅读,
目的在于寻找某一特定的信息或资料,
通常用于查找某个单词、短语、数字或文章片段。我们的眼睛从上到下很快地扫过页面,
直到发现所需要的信息,
再停下来仔细阅读这部分。
具体应用:
在作答这一类题的过程中,
学生通过阅读问题得到提示,
进而运用扫读,
学生能够迅速找到所需信息的出处,
完成填写。扫读在寻找日期、地名、人名、数据,
查词典、看表格时特别适用。
文本微观剖析:
细节探究
1.
Choose
the
best
answer.
(1)The
title
“A
NIGHT
THE
EARTH
DIDN’T
SLEEP”
means .
?
A.
the
earth
was
wide
awake
all
night
long
B.
people
on
the
earth
couldn’t
fall
asleep
that
night
C.
the
earth
kept
on
shaking
like
crazy
that
night
D.
animals
on
the
earth
would
not
sleep
that
night
(2)People
in
the
city
went
to
bed
as
usual
that
night
because .
?
A.
they
thought
it
was
not
strange
for
water
pipes
to
crack
and
burst
B.
they
thought
it
was
easy
to
experience
an
earthquake
C.
they
thought
sleeping
was
the
most
important
thing
no
matter
what
would
happen
D.
they
could
never
imagine
there
would
be
an
earthquake
(3)Which
of
the
following
is
TRUE
of
the
Tangshan
earthquake?
A.
The
people
in
Beijing
didn’t
feel
the
earthquake.
B.
The
number
of
people
killed
was
over
400,
000.
C.
Half
a
million
hens
were
killed
in
the
earthquake.
D.
The
railway
tracks
become
useless.
(4)What’s
the
meaning
of
the
last
sentence
“Slowly,
the
city
began
to
breathe
again.
”?
A.
People
weren’t
sad
any
more.
B.
The
life
in
Tangshan
began
to
return
to
normal.
C.
The
earthquake
finally
came
to
an
end.
D.
Those
who
were
trapped
were
saved.
(5)What
is
the
mood(语气)of
this
passage?
A.
Sad.
B.
Serious.
C.
Serious
and
sad.
D.
Calm.
答案:
(1)～(5)BDDBC
2.
Long
sentence
analysis.
(1)Eleven
kilometres
directly
below
the
city(地点状语),
one
of
the
most
deadly
earthquakes
of
the
20th
century
had
begun,
a
quake
that
even
caused
damage
more
than
150
kilometres
away
in
Beijing(定语从句).
?
译文:
城市正下方11千米处,
20世纪最致命的地震之一——甚至对远在150千米以外的北京都造成了危害
的地震发生了。
(2)Soon
after
the
quakes(时间状语),
the
army
sent
150,
000
soldiers
to
Tangshan
to
dig
out
those
who
were
trapped
and
to
bury
the
dead(定语从句).
?
译文:
地震发生后不久,
军队派出150
000名士兵去唐山挖掘被困者和埋葬死者。?
语篇总结归纳:
主题深化
Strange
things
happened
1.
before
Tangshan
Earthquake
happened.
The
well
walls
had
deep
cracks.
Some
2.
smelly(smell)
gas
came
out
of
them.
Chickens
and
even
pigs
were
too
nervous
3.
to
eat(eat).
The
water
pipes
cracked
and
burst.
At
3:
42
4.
on
the
morning
of
July
28,
1976,
everything
began
to
shake.
5.
It
seemed
as
if
the
world
was
at
an
end.
Steam
burst
from
holes
in
the
ground.
Hard
hills
of
rock
became
rivers
of
dirt.
Soon
the
whole
city
lay
in
6.
ruins(ruin).
Many
people
died
or
were
7.
injured(injure).
Everything
in
the
city
was
destroyed.
People
were
8.
shocked(shock)
at
this
and
wondered
how
long
the
disaster
would
last.
The
army
organized
teams
to
dig
out
those
9.
who
were
trapped
and
to
bury
the
dead.
Workers
built
shelters
for
survivors.
Fresh
water
was
taken
to
the
city.
Slowly
the
city
began
to
breathe
again.
With
strong
support
from
the
government
and
the
tireless
efforts
of
the
city’s
people,
a
new
Tangshan
10.
was
built
(build)
upon
the
earthquake
ruins.
?
阅读思维升华:
主题实践
(1)What
shall
we
do
if
an
earthquake
happens?
(Divergent
Thinking
发散性思维)
①Don’t
be
nervous
and
keep
calm.
?
②Don’t
try
to
run
out
of
the
classroom.
?
③Protect
your
head
by
putting
your
bag
on
your
head.
?
④Leave
the
classroom
after
the
earthquake.
?
⑤Listen
to
the
teachers,
the
wise.
?
(2)What
kind
of
work
can
we
do
after
the
earthquake?
(Creative
Thinking
创造性思维)
①Organize
the
rescue
doctors
and
workers
to
help
the
people.
?
②Help
to
build
shelters.
?
③Offer
food
and
clothes
to
them.
?
1.
rescue
n.
&vt.
营救;
救援
(教材原句)What
are
the
rescue
workers
and
soldiers
doing
in
the
flood-hit
area?
救援人员和士兵在受到洪水侵袭的地方做什么?
【词块积累】
(1)come/go
to
one’s
rescue
来/去援救某人
a
rescue
team
救援队
rescue
workers
救援人员
(2)rescue.
.
.
from.
.
.
把……从……营救出来
①Seeing
that
the
boys
were
rescued
by
the
sailors,
the
captain
cracked
a
big
smile.
?
看到男孩们被那些水手营救,
舰长露出了灿烂的笑容。
②Fortunately,
some
policemen
came
to
his
rescue
and
saved
his
life.
?
幸运的是,
一些警察来救他,
拯救了他的性命。
2.
affect
vt.
影响;
(疾病)侵袭;
深深打动
(2020·江苏高考)Athletes
and
scientists
have
long
known
that
meal
timing
affects
performance.
运动员和科学家很早就知道就餐时间影响着一个人的表现。
【词块积累】
(1)be
affected
with
high
fever
发高烧
be
affected
by.
.
.
被……打动/影响
(2)affection
n.
喜爱;
爱情
(3)effect
n.
影响
have
an
effect
on
对……有影响
①Our
life
will
be
greatly
affected
if
we
are
addicted
to
the
Internet.
?
如果我们对网络上瘾,
我们的生活将会受到巨大的影响。
②(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)But
like
anyone
for
whom
you
feel
affection,
customers
can
also
drive
you
mad.
但是像你喜欢的人一样,
顾客也会让你发疯。
③Every
word
from
the
parents
will
have
an
effect
on
the
child.
?
家长说的每句话都将对孩子产生影响。
【易混辨析】
affect
只能用作及物动词,
其含义是“使……发生变化”,
因此“影响”这一词义还可以引申为“感动,
感染”
effect
用作名词,
着重指影响的“结果”或“作用”。常用于词组have
an
effect
on中,
意思相当于affect。effect也可以用作及物动词,
但意思完全不同,
意为“使……发生,
产生……结果”
influence
既可用作名词,
也可用作动词,
通常指通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的、潜移默化的影响。常用的短语搭配:
have
an
influence
on
sb.
/sth.
意为“对某人/某事物有影响”
3.
ruin
n.
&vt.
破坏;
毁坏
(教材原句)In
less
than
one
minute,
a
large
city
lay
in
ruins.
不到一分钟的时间,
一座大城市沦为废墟。
【词块积累】
(1)lie/be
in
ruins
成为废墟
fall
into
ruin
毁灭;
毁坏
(2)ruin
sth.
/sb.
毁坏某物/某人
ruin
one’s
health/fame/future
毁掉某人的健康/名誉/前途
①The
whole
village
lay
in
ruins,
except
a
heavily
damaged
church.
?
除了一座受损严重的教堂之外,
整个村子沦为废墟。
②The
blockhouse
soon
fell
into
ruin
after
being
hit
by
a
missile.
?
在被一颗导弹击中后,
碉堡很快毁坏。
③(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Who
hasn’t
received
an
email
so
annoying
that
it
ruined
an
entire
day?
?
谁没有收到过一个如此令人恼火以至于毁了我们一整天的邮件呢?
【易混辨析】
ruin
一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏,
但往往是非暴力的,
也不是一次打击的结果。常指美好的或希望中的事物的破坏
destroy
指彻底的损坏,
常含不能或很难修复的意思。可接人,
也可以接物
damage
损坏、毁坏,
指部分损坏,
降低某物的价值。通常接物
【巧学助记】
种种“破坏”
4.
bury
vt.
埋葬;
安葬
(教材原句)The
army
sent
150,
000
soldiers
to
Tangshan
to
dig
out
those
who
were
trapped
and
to
bury
the
dead.
军队派出150
000名士兵奔赴唐山,
将受困群众从废墟中抢救出来,
并掩埋了死者。
【词块积累】
be
buried
under
/beneath
/in.
.
.
被埋在……
bury
one’s
face/
head
in
one’s
hands
双手掩面/捂头
埋头于/专心于……
①He
just
sat
there,
burying
his
face
in
his
hands.
?
他只是坐在那里,
双手掩面。
②Apart
from
finishing
my
homework,
I’d
like
to
bury
myself
in
learning
something
more
about
the
robot.
?
除了完成作业,
我想专心多学些关于机器人的知识。
③Nowadays
family
members
are
often
found
buried
in
their
own
electronic
products.
?
如今,
常常发现家庭成员沉浸在自己的电子产品里。
5.
suffer
vt.
遭受;
蒙受 vi.
(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
(教材原句)Some
were
found
alive,
though
they
were
suffering
from
terrible
injuries.
尽管受了严重的伤,
但是有些(人)被发现的时候还活着。
【词块积累】
(1)suffer
pain/defeat/hardship/damage
遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏
suffer
from
受……折磨;
患……病
(2)suffering
n.
痛苦;
苦恼;
让人痛苦的事
sufferer
n.
受难者;
患病者
①We
all
will
suffer
hardship
in
our
life,
but
we
should
stick
to
our
dream
and
work
hard
to
realise
it.
?
人生中,
我们都会遭受艰难,
但是我们应该坚持梦想,
并努力实现我们的梦想。
②These
days
we
human
beings
have
been
experiencing
the
sufferings
of
a
terrible
disease—COVID-19.
这些天,
我们人类正经受着一种可怕的疾病——新冠肺炎的折磨。
suffer
与
suffer
from的辨析
(1)suffer后常加的名词多指抽象的损害、痛苦等,
如suffer
pain/defeat/losses/the
result/side
effects“遭受痛苦/失败/损失/(承受)结果/副作用”。
(2)suffer
from常加具体的不幸或痛苦的名词,
表示遭受战争、自然灾害、疾病带来的痛苦。如suffer
from
hunger/flood/fever/cold/disease
“遭受饥饿/洪水/发烧/感冒/疾病”。
6.
It
seemed
as
if
the
world
were
coming
to
an
end!
?
似乎世界末日就要来了!
【句式解构】
(1)It
seemed
as
if.
.
.
这是一个含有表语从句的主从复合句。
(2)as
if=as
though意为“仿佛;
好像”,
其引导的从句,
常放在be,
look,
seem,
sound,
smell,
feel等系动词之后作表语。
(3)as
if还可引导状语从句。当说话人认为从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生(或存在)的情况时,
从句谓语常用虚拟语气,
结构如下:
·与现在事实相反:
从句谓语动词用过去时(be动词用were)
·与过去事实相反:
从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had
done)
·与将来事实相反:
从句谓语动词用would/could/might
do
①It
seems
as
if
everything
is
back
to
life.
?
似乎一切都恢复了生机。
②Looking
down,
I
felt
as
if
I
were(be)
in
a
fairyland.
往下看,
我感觉就好像我在仙境一般。
③Local
residents
said
it
was
as
if
there
had
been(be)
a
nuclear
explosion.
?
当地的居民说就好像发生了核爆炸一样。
④He
opened
his
mouth
as
if
he
would
say
(say)something.
?
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
【要点拾遗】
1.
damage
vt.
损害;
破坏 n.
损坏;
损失
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)A
flood
had
hit
the
area
earlier
that
year
and
the
damage
it
caused
had
driven
away
a
number
of
birds.
那年早些时候,
一场洪水袭击了这个地区,
它造成的破坏赶走了很多的鸟。
【词块积累】
(1)damage
one’s
health
/fame
损害某人的健康/名誉
be
badly
damaged
遭受严重损害
(2)do
/cause
damage
to.
.
.
给……带来/造成损害
①Although
the
chemicals
might
damage
their
health,
the
rescue
workers
still
worked
hard
to
save
more
people.
?
尽管化学物质可能会损害他们的健康,
但是救援人员仍然努力工作救援更多的人。
②Many
of
the
houses
were
badly
damaged,
leaving
over
100
people
homeless.
?
很多房屋遭受严重损坏,
使100多人无家可归。
③The
people
gathering
in
some
famous
places
have
caused
damage
to
the
relics
and
led
to
the
poor
service
quality.
?
聚集在名胜古迹的人们对历史遗迹造成了损害,
并导致服务质量差。
2.
shelter
n.
避难处;
居所;
庇护 vt.
保护;
掩蔽
vi.
躲避(风雨或危险)
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The
solution,
of
course,
was
to
plant
trees
so
the
animals
could
seek
shelter
during
the
daytime.
当然,
办法就是栽树,
因此动物可以在白天寻找遮阴。
【词块积累】
(1)take
shelter
from
wind/rain
躲避风/雨
shelter
from
sth.
躲避某物
(2)shelter
sb.
/sth.
from
保护某人/某物(免受……)
①Remember
not
to
take
shelter
from
a
storm
by
a
tall
or
big
tree.
?
记得不要在高大的树下躲避暴风雨。
②In
order
to
shelter
from
the
tornado,
the
residents
of
this
area
have
moved
to
other
places.
?
为了躲避台风,
这个地区的居民已经搬到了其他地方。
③This
kind
of
newly
developed
armor
can
shelter
soldiers
from
gunfire.
?
这种新开发的铠甲能够保护士兵免受枪击。
3.
effort
n.
努力;
艰难的尝试;
尽力
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)The
good
news
is
that
it’s
simple
to
learn
and
can
be
worth
the
effort.
好消息是它简单易学,
值得你付出努力。
【词块积累】
make
efforts/an
effort/every
effort
做出努力
spare
no
effort
to
do
sth.
不遗余力/尽力去做某事
without
effort
毫不费力地
①Now
that
it
is
so
important
to
me,
I
have
to
make
an
effort
to
prepare
for
IELTS.
?
既然对我如此重要,
我就要努力准备雅思考试。
②Faced
with
the
disaster,
many
people
including
doctors,
nurses
and
scientists
spare
no
effort
to
fight
against
it.
?
面对这场灾难,
很多人,
包括医生,
护士和科学家不遗余力与之斗争。
③Failure
is
one
thing
that
can
be
achieved
without
effort.
?
失败是一件不用努力即可获得的东西。
Young
men
don’t
make
efforts;
old
men
are
sad.
少壮不努力,
老大徒伤悲。(喻指趁年轻时努力做事情)
4.
shock
n.
震惊;
令人震惊的事;
休克 vt.
(使)震惊
【词块积累】
(1)in
shock
震惊;
吃惊
(2)shocked
adj.
震惊的
be
shocked
at/by
对……感到震惊
be
shocked
to
do
sth.
/that.
.
.
对做某事感到震惊
(3)shocking
adj.
令人震惊的
It
is
shocking
that.
.
.
令人吃惊的是……
①You
must
adapt
to
the
new
environment
to
deal
with
culture
shock.
?
你必须适应新的环境,
以应对文化冲击。
②Shocked
at/by
the
unexpected
guest
and
gift,
I
was
at
a
loss
what
to
say.
?
我被不速之客和礼物惊呆了,
不知道该说什么了。
③However,
when
we
reached
the
top,
we
were
shocked
to
see
litter
here
and
there.
?
然而,
当我到达山顶的时候,
我们很震惊地看到到处是垃圾。
④They
think
that
fresh
water
is
enough
for
use,
which
leads
to
a
shocking
waste
of
water.
他们认为淡水足够使用,
这导致了水资源浪费非常令人震惊。
【巧学助记】 语境记忆shock
We
were
all
shocked
at
the
shocking
news
that
he
was
still
in
a
state
of
shock
after
the
accident.
However,
when
he
finally
came
to
himself
he
looked
at
us
in
shock,
knowing
nothing
about
the
accident.
我们都被这个令人震惊的消息吓住了——事故之后他依然处于休克状态。然而,
最终当他苏醒过来时,
他吃惊地看着我们,
对事故一无所知。
5.
trap
vt.
使落入险境;
使陷入圈套 n.
险境;
陷阱
【词块积累】
(1)be
trapped
under/in.
.
.
被困于……
trap
sb.
into
doing
sth.
诱骗某人做某事
(2)set
a
trap
设置陷阱/布下圈套
fall
into
a
trap
落入圈套
①(2018·北京高考)A
rescue
worker
risked
his
life
saving
two
tourists
who
had
been
trapped
in
the
mountains
for
two
days.
?
一位救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山上两天的游客。
②Fortunately,
help
came
soon.
Soldiers
came
and
took
trapped
people
to
a
safe
place.
?
幸运的是,
救援很快到来。士兵们来到,
并把被困的人们带到安全的地方。
③The
researchers
fear
that
some
hunters
might
set
a
trap,
which
will
threaten
the
safety
of
the
tiger.
?
研究人员害怕有些猎人可能会设置陷阱,
这将威胁老虎的安全。
6.
come
to
an
end
结束
(经典例句)How
time
flies!
The
first
senior
high
school
year
is
coming
to
an
end.
时间飞逝!
高中第一年即将结束。
【词块积累】
at
the
end
of
在……的末尾
by
the
end
of
到……末尾为止
(常和完成时连用)
in
the
end
最后,
结果
at
an
end
结束
①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I’ve
got
to
produce
this
product
and
then,
at
the
end
of
the
year,
present
it
to
NASA.
?
我生产了这个产品,
随后在年底,
我把它赠送给了NASA。
②Please
give
them
back
to
me
by
the
end
of
this
month,
when
I
will
have
to
return
the
books.
?
请在这个月底前把它们还给我,
到时我得把这些书归还。
③In
the
end,
I
sincerely
hope
that
this
year’s
activity
will
be
held
very
successfully.
?
最后,
我真诚希望今年的活动成功举办。
④It
had
gotten
very
cold,
and
I
guessed
the
good
weather
was
at
an
end.
?
现在变得很冷了,
我猜想好天气已经到头了。
by
the
end
of
两点注意
by
the
end
of后接将来时间时,
与将来完成时连用;
后接过去时间时,
与过去完成时连用。
【知识延伸】动词end的用法
end
in
sth.
以……结尾;
结果是
end
up
as
sb.
/sth.
最终成为……
end
up
doing
sth.
最终……;
以做某事结束
end
up
with
sth.
以……结束
All
good
things
must
come
to
an
end.
天下无不散之宴席。(用来形容一切美好的事物总有曲终人散的时候)。
7.
go
through
经历;
经受
(教材原句)What
other
cities
or
towns
have
gone
through
similar
changes?
哪些城市或城镇也经历了类似的变化?
【导图理词】
①Help
your
classmates
if
you
can
and
try
to
go
through
the
disaster
together.
如果可以的话,
帮助你的同学,
努力共同渡过这一灾难。
②So
would
you
be
kind
enough
to
spare
some
time
to
go
through
the
draft
and
do
some
necessary
correction
for
me?
因此,
你可以抽出些时间浏览一下草稿,
并为我做些必要的修改吗?
③Some
of
the
roads
are
too
narrow,
making
it
difficult
for
drivers
to
go
through.
有些路太窄了,
使驾驶员很难通过。
④I
quite
understand
how
you
feel
because
I
once
went
through
the
same
experience.
我非常理解你的感受,
因为我经历过同样的遭遇。
8.
Chickens
and
even
pigs
were
too
nervous
to
eat.
?
鸡和猪甚至紧张得不能吃食。
【句式解构】
too+adj.
/adv.
to
do
sth.
意为“太……而不能做某事”,
表示否定意义。
①We
noticed
a
kite
hanging
up
on
a
branch,
but
its
owner,
a
little
boy,
was
too
short
to
get
it
down.
?
我们注意到一个风筝挂在树枝上,
但是它的主人,
一个小男孩,
太矮了够不着。
②Obviously,
they
were
too
surprised
and
excited
to
express
themselves.
?
很明显,
他们太惊讶,
太激动,
以至于无法表达自己。
③If
I
am
given
the
opportunity,
I’ll
be
too
glad
to
work
for
our
city。?
如果我被给予这个机会,
我将非常高兴为我们的城市工作。
表肯定的too.
.
.
to.
.
.
结构
(1)too之前如果有only,
only
too
表示“非常”“很”等意思,
此时不定式不再表否定,
而表肯定。
(2)“too.
.
.
to.
.
.
”结构中带有表示某种心情或描绘性的形容词或副词,
如ready,
eager,
satisfied,
kind,
willing,
anxious等后跟动词不定式,
表示一种状态、态度、倾向或心情等,
其后的不定式不是说明too的具体内容,
而是修饰形容词,
译为“很;
非常”。
【知识延伸】双重否定表肯定
在“too.
.
.
to.
.
.
”结构中,
不定式为否定式时,
构成的是双重否定,
其意为“非常(很,
太,
那么);
……不会不(必定能,
所以能)”。
He
is
too
kind
not
to
help
you.
他很善良,
不会不帮助你。
My
mother
is
too
careful
not
to
forget
it.
我的妈妈非常细心,
不会忘记这件事的。
9.
Water,
food,
and
electricity
were
hard
to
get.
?
水、食物和电都很难获得。
【句式解构】
这是“主语+be+adj.
+不定式”结构的句式。
在此句式中如果同时符合了下列两个条件,
常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
(1)表语是性质形容词,
如difficult,
hard,
easy,
comfortable,
pleasant,
interesting,
exciting等;
(2)不定式和句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
①(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)I
like
eating
fried
tomatoes
with
eggs,
and
I
thought
it
must
be
easy
to
cook.
?
我喜欢吃煎的番茄鸡蛋,
我认为这道菜做起来很简单。
②There
is
an
amazing
energy
in
Shanghai
that
is
hard
to
find
in
other
places
in
the
world?
上海有一种令人震惊的能量,
在世界其他地方很难找到。
③What’s
more,
grammar
is
also
very
difficult
to
learn.
?
此外,
语法也很难学。
“主语+be+adj.
+不定式”易错点
这种结构中不定式的主动形式表被动含义时,
不定式的动词必须是及物动词;
如果是不及物动词,
后面就要添加相应的介词。
I’m
outgoing
and
easy
to
get
along
with,
which
helps
me
work
well
with
others.
我外向,
并很容易相处,
这帮助我很好地与他人合作。
1.
Already,
COVID-19
has
killed
more
people
in
the
US
than
Americans
killed
in
battle
during
the
five
most
recent
wars
combined.
The
loss
of
life
is
like
suffering
the
effects
of
109
Hurricane
Katrinas.
Or
enduring
the
9·11
attacks
every
day
for
66
days.
美国因新冠肺炎死亡的人数,
已经超过了最近五次战争中美国死亡人数的总和,
是卡特里娜飓风丧生人数的109倍,
是9·11袭击丧生人数的66倍。
2.
Now
Twitter
has
reportedly
joined
Microsoft
in
an
effort
to
acquire
another
social
media
giant,
TikTok.
据报道,
继微软之后,
推特也在试图收购另一家社交媒体巨头TikTok,
虽然这并不容易。
3.
Fire
roared
through
serene
Lake
Innes
Nature
Reserve,
where
as
many
as
600
koalas
lived
in
a
colony
and
died
in
the
trees
while
seeking
shelter.
宁静的英斯湖自然保护区大火肆虐,
那里的一个栖息地内有多达600只考拉,
都在树上躲避大火时丧生。
Ⅰ.
语段填词
1.
Every
year,
there
are
many
natural
disasters(灾害)
in
our
country.
For
example,
in
the
north,
drought(干旱)
is
common,
while
in
the
south
flood(洪水)
and
landslide
(滑坡)
happen
frequently.
They
often
cause
great
damage(损坏),
even
deaths(死亡).
2.
A
great
tornado(龙卷风)
hit
America.
Many
hoses
were
destroyed(破坏),
so
local
residents
had
to
seek
shelter(避难处)
in
city
stadium.
Many
main
streets
were
covered
by
bricks
(砖头)
and
metal(金属)
pieces.
Electricity(电)
is
hard
to
get.
Also
the
local
economy
was
badly
affected(影响).
The
government
sent
helicopters
to
evacuate
those
who
were
trapped(困住).
The
volunteer
organizations
also
made
every
effort
(努力)to
offer
a
hand.
Ⅱ.
选词填空
in
ruins,
instead
of,
fall
down,
come
to
an
end,
dig
out,
go
through,
in
shock,
as
usual,
be
trapped
in,
as
if/though
1.
I
quite
understand
your
present
worry
because
I
have
gone
through
what
you
are
experiencing
now.
?
2.
Years
of
fighting
has
left
the
city
in
ruins;
it
would
take
a
lot
of
money
to
rebuild
it.
?
3.
The
boy
walked
slowly
as
if/though
he
had
hurt
his
leg.
?
4.
Cheer
up!
The
world
is
not
coming
to
an
end!
?
5.
The
shelter
might
fall
down
if
it
rains
more
heavily.
?
6.
Instead
of
being
annoyed,
he
seemed
quite
pleased.
?
7.
When
the
young
man
was
trapped
in
the
building,
he
felt
very
helpless.
?
8.
The
survivors
were
in
shock,
wondering
how
long
the
disaster
would
last.
?
9.
That
day
he
went
to
work
out
in
the
gym
as
usual.
?
10.
It
was
reported
that
an
American
couple
had
dug
out
a
lot
of
gold
coins
from
their
own
yard.
?
Ⅲ.
结合课文主题,
使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇80词左右的短文
1.
2020年10月30号,
一场地震袭击了希腊,
给这个国家造成巨大破坏。(damage)
2.
大约118人死亡,
数百人被埋在废墟中。(bury,
ruin)
3.
幸运的是,
政府派遣士兵去救援那些被困的人们。(rescue)
4.
尽管地震已经结束,
那里的人们仍然遭受着巨大痛苦,
因为难以得到干净的水和食物。(come
to
an
end;
suffer;
be
adj.
to
do)
On
30th
October,
2020,
an
earthquake
struck
Greek,
which
caused
great
damage
to
the
country.
About
118
natives
were
killed
and
hundreds
of
people
were
buried
in
the
ruins.
Fortunately,
the
government
sent
soldiers
to
rescue
those
trapped.
Although
the
quake
came
to
an
end,
people
there
still
suffered
a
lot,
because
clean
water
and
food
were
hard
to
get.
?
完成句子
1.
According
to
research,
using
a
mobile
phone
before
going
to
bed
can
affect
your
health.
?
根据研究,
睡前使用手机会影响你的健康。
2.
An
earthquake
left
the
whole
town
in
ruins.
?
那次地震过后,
全城到处是残垣断壁。
3.
He
was
late
for
work
because
he
was
trapped
in
the
traffic
jam.
?
因为交通堵塞,
他上班迟到了。
4.
The
storm
caused
serious
damage
to
the
local
economy.
?
暴风雨给当地经济造成了严重损失。
5.
Only
by
doing
this
can
you
avoid
suffering
from
the
pressure
of
exams.
?
只有这样做,
你才能避免遭受考试压力的折磨。
6.
Even
after
two
years,
it
felt
as
if
we
had
just
talked
yesterday.
?
甚至是两年后,
感觉就好像我们昨天刚谈完似的。
7.
People
gather
on
both
sides
of
the
river
to
watch
the
players
spare
no
effort
to
make
for
the
finishing
line.
?
人们聚集在河的两岸观看(龙舟)选手们不遗余力朝着终点线划去。
8.
The
rain
was
so
heavy
that
we
can’t
get
out
of
the
classroom.
?
雨如此大以至于我们无法走出教室。
PAGE
-
18
-单元素养培优(五)
Unit
4
Ⅰ.
单词拼写
1.
This
is
one
of
the
worst
natural
disasters(灾难)
in
the
area.
2.
With
the
help
of
her
teacher
and
through
her
own
efforts(努力),
Helen
graduated
from
university.
3.
You
told
me
that
you
were
worried
about
those
bad
study
habits
which
affected(影响)
your
learning.
4.
Firemen
were
called
out
to
rescue(营救)
a
man
trapped
in
the
building.
5.
The
people
in
the
earthquake
area
are
in
need
of
food,
medicine
and
shelters
(避难处).
6.
Forty
percent
(百分比)of
the
students
point
out
that
Senior
One
students
have
a
lot
more
homework
to
do
every
day.
7.
So
I
would
need
oxygen
tanks
placed
on
my
back
so
I
could
breathe(呼吸)
all
the
time.
8.
Try
to
keep
calm
(镇静的)
and
just
tell
me
what
happened.
9.
Her
beauty
struck
(打动)
him
deeply
and
he
decided
to
date
her.
10.
I
am
having
some
flowers
delivered(递送)
for
her
birthday.
Ⅱ.
单句语法填空
1.
Many
houses
were
destroyed(destroy)
and
worse
still,
many
people
were
injured
or
some
even
killed.
?
2.
When
she
smiles,
it
looks
as
if
the
sun
were(be)
shining.
3.
The
lifeboat
was
sent
out
to
rescue
the
sailors
from
the
sinking
ship.
4.
The
late
flood
did
much
damage
to
the
village.
5.
He
was
trapped
(trap)
in
the
traffic
jam
and
felt
helpless.
?
6.
Buried(bury)
in
the
newspaper,
he
didn’t
notice
what
was
happening.
7.
Do
not
have
a
drink
or
take
drugs
to
calm
yourself
(you)
down.
8.
Jack
wasn’t
saying
anything,
but
the
teacher
smiled
at
him
as
if
he
had
done
(do)
something
very
clever.
?
9.
Then
I
saw
it—a
thin
arm
waving(wave)
weakly
a
few
yards
away.
10.
When
I
stopped
playing
and
looked
up,
I
was
shocked(shock)
to
see
a
small
crowed
around
us.
Ⅲ.
完成句子
1.
Obviously,
they
didn’t
realize
that
their
behavior
had
done/caused
great
damage
to
the
beauty
of
the
park.
?
很明显,
他们没有意识到他们的行为给这个美丽的公园造成了巨大的损坏。
2.
I
find
that
she
is
really
difficult
to
get
along
with.
?
我发现她真的难以相处。
3.
All
the
houses
were
left
in
ruins
because
of
the
heavy
rainstorm.
?
由于暴风雨,
所有的房子都沦为废墟。
4.
The
bad
road
conditions
made
it
difficult
for
them
to
get
there
in
time.
?
糟糕的路况使他们及时到达那里变得很困难。
5.
Luckily,
the
war
between
the
two
countries
came
to
an
end
at
last.
?
幸运的是,
两国之间的战争最终结束了。
6.
I
was
wandering
on
the
street
alone
when
a
heavy
rain
poured
down.
?
我正在街上独自闲逛,
这时大雨倾盆而下。
7.
They
were
too
frightened
to
know
what
to
do
next.
?
他们太害怕了,
不知道接下来该做什么。
8.
I
don’t
know
why
he
is
looking
at
me
as
if
he
knew
me.
In
fact
I’ve
never
seen
him
before.
?
我不知道他为什么一直看着我,
好像认识我似的。事实上我之前从未见过他。
Ⅳ.
用适当的关系词填空
1.
We
chose
to
buy
the
house
whose
window
faces
south.
2.
You’ll
find
taxis
waiting
at
the
station
that/which
you
can
hire
to
reach
your
host
family.
3.
I’d
like
to
express
my
appreciation
for
the
people
to
whom
I
have
turned.
?
4.
The
research
found
that
people
who
keep
fit
are
more
likely
to
have
better
memories
and
clearer
thinking.
?
5.
Working
in
the
company
is
the
very
chance
that
you
can
grasp
during
the
summer
holiday.
6.
A
study
shows
the
students
who
join
in
after-school
activities
are
happier
than
those
who
are
not.
7.
They
rushed
over
to
help
the
man
whose
car
had
broken
down.
8.
The
house
in
which
Lu
Xun
once
lived
is
a
museum
now.
Ⅴ.
阅读理解
A
(2021·湛江高一检测)
Earthquakes
are
something
that
people
fear.
There
are
some
places
that
have
few
or
no
earthquakes.
Most
places
in
the
world,
however,
have
them
regularly
(有规律地).
Countries
that
have
a
lot
of
earthquakes
are
usually
quite
mountainous.
The
most-talked-about
earthquake
in
the
United
States
was
in
San
Francisco
in
1906.
Over
700
people
died
in
it.
The
strongest
one
in
North
America
was
in
1964.
It
happened
in
Alaska.
Strong
earthquakes
are
not
always
the
ones
that
kill
the
most
people.
In
1755,
one
of
the
strongest
earthquakes
ever
recorded
was
felt
in
Portugal.
Around
2,
000
people
died.
In
1923,
a
very
strong
earthquake
hit
Tokyo,
the
Yokohama
area
of
Japan.
A
hundred
and
forty
thousand
people
died.
Most
of
them
died
in
fires
which
followed
the
earthquake.
One
of
the
worst
earthquakes
ever
was
in
China
in
1976.
It
killed
a
large
number
of
people.
The
worst
earthquake
ever
recorded
was
also
in
China,
in
which
about
80,
000
people
were
killed
or
injured.
This
earthquake
happened
in
2008.
Earthquakes
worry
people
a
lot.
The
reason
is
that
we
often
do
not
know
when
they
are
coming.
People
can’t
prepare
for
them.
【文章大意】本文主要讲述了地震以及历史上几次严重的地震情况。
1.
Earthquakes
happen .
?
A.
in
all
the
places
in
the
world
B.
only
in
the
countries
that
have
a
lot
of
mountains
C.
regularly
in
most
places
in
the
world
D.
only
in
a
few
places
along
the
mountains
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Most
places
in
the
world,
however,
have
them
regularly.
”可知,
在世界上的很多地方有地震,
然而,
都是有规律地发生地震。故选C。
2.
When
and
where
was
the
worst
earthquake
ever
recorded?
A.
1964;
Alaska.
B.
2008;
China.
C.
1923;
Japan.
D.
1976;
China.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“The
worst
earthquake
ever
recorded
was
also
in
China,
in
which
about
80,
000
people
were
killed
or
injured.
This
earthquake
happened
in
2008.
”可知,
曾经记录最严重的一次地震发生在2008年的中国,
大约有8万人死亡或者受伤。故选B。
3.
What
may
be
talked
about
in
the
paragraph
followed?
A.
How
do
earthquakes
worry
people?
B.
What
will
people
do
to
prepare
for
earthquakes?
C.
How
can
we
save
people
when
earthquakes
happen?
D.
How
do
earthquakes
happen?
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Earthquakes
worry
people
a
lot.
The
reason
is
that
we
often
do
not
know
when
they
are
coming.
People
can’t
prepare
for
them.
”可知人们对地震一般都是没有办法做很多的准备,
接下来谈论的可能是人们能做的事情。故选B。
B
(2021·枣庄高一检测)
Australia’s
bush
fires
are
threatening
the
country’s
unique
wildlife
—from
koalas
to
native
birds
to
bees
—and
researchers
fear
that
some
species
are
being
pushed
to
the
brink
of
extinction.
The
fires
have
killed
at
least
26
people,
burned
thousands
of
homes
and
could
shave
as
much
as
0.
4%
of
economic
growth,
according
to
some
experts.
More
than
13,
000
head
of
livestock
have
been
killed
by
the
fires
in
New
South
Wales
state,
where
more
than
20,
000
square
miles
of
land
has
been
burned.
The
fires
threaten
to
rage
on
into
February—summer-time
in
Australia
—or
longer.
Scientists
say
at
least
six
species
are
in
danger.
“There’s
great
concern
that
these
fires
may
have
pushed
species
closer
to
extinction
or
potentially
over,
”
said
Deakin
University
wildlife
ecologist
Euan
Ritchie.
“We
won’
t
know
until
we
get
into
the
areas,
”
he
said.
Some
scientists
are
concerned
about
a
metallic-green
bee
that
lives
exclusively(唯一地)
in
areas
that
have
been
badly
damaged
by
fire,
along
Australia’s
east
coast
and
on
Kangaroo
Island
in
the
south.
Researchers
suspect
the
green
carpenter
bee
has
been
wiped
out
on
Kangaroo
Island.
“The
species
is
likely
to
be
in
terrible
conditions,
as
all
of
its
habitat
has
now
either
burnt
or
is
threatened
by
fire,
”
said
Katja
Hogendoorn,
a
bee
expert
at
the
University
of
Adelaide,
who
has
been
working
for
half
a
decade
to
preserve
the
population
of
green
carpenter
bees
on
Kangaroo
Island.
【文章大意】本文主要讲的是澳大利亚的森林大火正在威胁该国独特的野生动物,
从考拉到本土鸟类再到蜜蜂,
研究人员担心一些物种正被推向灭绝的边缘,
同时森林大火也造成了一定的人员伤亡和经济损失。
4.
What
can
we
learn
from
paragraph
one?
A.
The
wildlife
is
well
protected
in
Australia.
B.
The
fires
also
damage
Australian
economy.
C.
The
bush
fires
have
lasted
for
a
long
time.
D.
The
bush
fires
are
frequent
in
Australia.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知大火已经造成至少26人死亡,
烧毁了成千上万的房屋,
根据一些专家的说法,
使经济增长减少0.
4%
”。由此判断出火灾损害了澳大利亚的经济。故选B。
5.
How
might
Euan
Ritchie
feel
about
ecological
losses?
A.
Curious.
B.
Concerned.
C.
Unexpected.
D.
Surprised.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段可知迪肯大学的野生动物生态学家Euan
Ritchie表示:
“人们非常担心,
这些火灾可能已经将物种推向灭绝的边缘,
甚至可能导致灭绝。”他说:
“在进入这些地区之前,
我们不会知道。”可知Euan
Ritchie的态度是非常担心,
故选B。
6.
Why
are
scientists
worried
about
the
metallic-green
bee?
A.
It
will
all
be
burnt
to
death.
B.
It
is
gradually
dying
out.
C.
It
might
lose
its
natural
home.
D.
It
will
move
to
other
places.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第五段前半段可知“这个物种的生存条件可能很糟糕,
因为它的所有栖息地现在要么被烧毁,
要么受到火灾的威胁。Katja
Hogendoorn说。”可知科学家担心金属绿蜂的栖息地会被严重破坏,
导致它们失去家园,
故选C。
7.
Where
might
you
find
this
text?
A.
In
a
story
book.
B.
In
a
textbook.
C.
In
a
newspaper.
D.
In
a
traveling
guide.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。短文主要介绍了澳大利亚的森林大火正在威胁该国独特的野生动物,
从考拉到本土鸟类再到蜜蜂,
研究人员担心,
一些物种正被推向灭绝的边缘,
同时森林大火也造成了一定的人员和经济损失。由此判断出短文来自于报纸。故选C。
C
(2021·乐山高一检测)
When
your
alarm
clock
rings
and
you
drag
yourself
out
of
bed,
you
probably
wonder:
Why
on
earth
does
school
have
to
start
so
early?
Fortunately,
there
is
a
new
law
to
support—or
better
still,
science.
A
law
in
California,
passed
on
Oct.
13,
requires
that
public
middle
schools
begin
classes
no
earlier
than
8:
00
am
and
that
high
schools
start
no
earlier
than
8:
30
am.
The
law
will
go
into
effect
by
July
1,
2022.
Starting
school
at
8:
00
or
8:
30
in
the
morning
may
not
sound
like
too
big
of
a
change,
but
it
could
mean
one
more
hour
of
sleep
for
students
who
used
to
start
school
at
7:
30
or
even
earlier.
“The
effect
of
that
one
hour
is
something
they
will
be
feeling
as
40-year-old
adults,
”
Sumit
Bhargava,
a
sleep
expert
at
Stanford
University,
told
The
New
York
Times.
He
said
that
not
having
enough
sleep
can
affect
students’
mental
health
and
increase
the
risk
of
being
overweight
and
diabetes(糖尿病).
In
the
short
run,
students’
school
performances
should
improve
almost
immediately.
Kyla
Wahlstrom,
a
researcher
at
the
University
of
Minnesota’s
College
of
Education,
found
that
students
who
have
enough
sleep
are
alert
in
class
and
get
much
more
satisfying
grades.
Some
might
say
that
asking
students
to
go
to
bed
earlier
could
have
been
a
much
easier
solution
than
changing
the
school
timetable
across
an
entire
state.
But
according
to
the
American
Academy
of
Sleep
Medicine,
teenagers
go
through
biological
changes
when
they
enter
puberty(青春期),
which
makes
it
difficult
for
them
to
fall
asleep
before
11:
00
pm.
So
when
school
starts
at
8:
00
or
earlier,
they
can
hardly
get
the
ideal
8.
5—9.
5
hours
of
sleep
that
experts
suggest
they
need
to
do
their
best
in
the
daytime.
This
is
why
when
the
new
law
came
out,
its
author,
Anthony
Portantino,
said,
“Generations
of
children
will
come
to
appreciate
this
historic
day
and
our
governor
for
taking
action.
”
【文章大意】本文主要讲述要出台一部新法律能让青少年有足够的睡眠时间以保证白天的学业成绩。
8.
Which
of
the
following
is
TRUE
about
the
law?
A.
The
law
has
not
been
put
into
practice.
B.
The
law
requires
schools
to
start
later
than
8:
30
am.
C.
The
law
will
be
passed
by
July
1,
2022.
D.
The
law
is
made
by
a
university
in
California.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章The
law
will
go
into
effect
by
July
1,
2022.
这部法律将于2022年7月1日生效。可知,
这部法律还没有付诸实践,
故选A。
9.
What
does
the
underlined
word
alert
in
Paragraph
6
probably
mean?
A.
Friendly.
B.
Sharp.
C.
Calm.
D.
Honest.
【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据文章画线词所在句可知,
明尼苏达大学的一名研究人员发现有充足睡眠的人成绩更令人满意,
由此可推断学生们在课堂上表现的也更好,
思维更敏捷,
故推断alert为敏捷的,
与sharp敏捷的,
灵敏的意思相同。故选B。
10.
For
a
better
academic
performance
in
the
daytime,
how
long
do
teenagers
probably
need
to
sleep?
A.
About
8
hours.
B.
About
9
hours.
C.
At
least
10
hours.
D.
At
most
8.
5
hours.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句可知因此,
当学校8点或更早开始上课时,
他们很难获得专家建议的理想的8.
5到9.
5小时的睡眠时间,
以便使他们自己能在白天做到最好。可知,
要想在白天有一个更好的学习状态,
青少年需要大约9小时的睡眠时间,
故选B。
11.
What’s
the
main
idea
of
the
text?
A.
Lack
of
sleep
could
lead
to
health
problems.
B.
The
amount
of
sleep
people
need
changes
with
age.
C.
A
new
law
lets
students
sleep
longer.
D.
Sleeping
problems
are
leading
problems
for
teenagers.
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。主要讲述要出台一部新法律能让青少年有足够的睡眠时间以保证白天的学习状态。C选项A
new
law
lets
students
sleep
longer.
一部新的法律让学生睡得更久,
能够概括文章大意,
故选C。
Ⅵ.
阅读填句
(2021·太原高一检测)
Earthquakes
strike
without
warning
and
are
among
the
most
destructive
natural
disasters.
Keeping
calm
and
proper
reaction
can
sometimes
save
your
life.
To
ride
out
an
earthquake,
remember
the
phrase
“drop,
cover,
and
hold
on.
” 1 ?
Move
away
from
buildings,
street
lights,
power
lines,
and
bridges.
2 As
soon
as
the
ground
begins
shaking,
try
to
get
as
far
away
as
possible
from
any
nearby
structures.
Do
not
seek
shelter
under
a
bridge
or
overpass.
?
Crouch
down
low
in
a
wide
open
area
until
the
shaking
stops.
Once
you’ve
made
your
way
away
from
nearby
structures,
get
on
your
hands
and
knees
and
cover
your
head.
See
if
there
are
any
objects
nearby
to
use
as
a
shield
(遮蔽物),
such
as
a
trash
can
lid.
3 ?
4 ?
As
you
go
out
after
the
earthquake,
be
careful
of
broken
glass,
rubble,
downed
power
lines,
fallen
trees,
and
any
other
potential
danger.
Check
yourself
and
anyone
nearby
for
injuries.
If
necessary,
perform
first
aid
and
call
emergency
services.
Get
to
higher
ground
if
you’re
on
the
shore
or
near
a
dam.
Earthquakes
can
cause
tsunamis,
so
put
distance
between
yourself
and
the
coast.
If
a
shaking
lasts
more
than
20
seconds,
5
Get
to
ground
that’s
at
least
100
ft
(30
m)above
sea
level
or
2
miles
(3.
2
km)from
the
shore.
?
A.
Don’t
wait
for
an
alarm
or
warning
to
escape.
B.
Drop
to
your
hands
and
knees
under
a
table
or
desk.
C.
Watch
out
for
danger
as
you
observe
your
surroundings.
D.
Here
are
four
tips
helping
you
survive
an
earthquake
if
you
are
outdoors.
E.
If
none
are
available,
cover
your
head
and
neck
with
your
hands
and
arms.
F.
The
most
dangerous
locations
during
an
earthquake
are
areas
immediately
around
buildings.
G.
If
possible,
grab
a
pillow,
sofa
cushion,
or
another
object
to
cover
your
face
and
head.
【文章大意】文章介绍了几种在户外时,
遇到地震的逃生方法。
1.
【解析】选D。前文提到“为了安全度过地震,
记住这句话:
蹲下,
找遮蔽物,
坚持住。”承接前文,
D选项“如果你在户外,
这里有四个帮助你度过地震的小贴士”切题。且与下文给的四个建议呼应,
故选D。
2.
【解析】选F。前文提到“远离建筑物、路灯、电线和桥梁。”承接前文,
F选项“地震中最危险的位置是建筑物附近的区域”切题。故选F。
3.
【解析】选E。前文提到“看看附近有没有什么东西可以作为盾牌,
比如垃圾桶盖。”承接前文,
E选项“如果没有,
用你的手和胳膊盖住你的头和脖子。”切题。故选E。
4.
【解析】选C。下文提到“地震后外出时,
小心碎玻璃、碎石、倒下的电线、倒下的树和其他潜在的危险。”承接下文,
C选项“当你观察周围环境时,
要小心危险。”切题。故选C。
5.
【解析】选A。前文提到“如果摇晃持续超过20秒,
”承接前文,
A选项“不要等待警报或警告。”切题。且呼应下文“到达海拔至少100英尺(30米)或2英里(3.
2千米)的地面。”故选A。
Ⅶ.
完形填空
(2021·大连高一检测)
Four
brothers
left
home
for
college,
and
they
became
successful
doctors
and
lawyers.
Some
years
later,
they 1 after
having
dinner
together.
They
discussed
the
2 they
gave
their
elderly
mother
who
lived
far
away
in
another
city.
The
first
said,
“I
had
a 3
house
built
for
Mama.
”
The
second
said,
“I
had
my
Mercedes-Benz
dealer
send
a
car
to
her.
”
The
third
said,
“I
built
a
beautiful
4 for
Mama.
”
The
fourth
said,
“You
know
how
Mama
loved
reading
poems
and
you
know
she
can’t
read
anymore
because
she
can’t
see
very
well.
I
met
a
businessman
who
had
a
parrot
that
can
recite
many
5 .
It
took
him
12
years
to 6
it
to
speak
and
he
earns
his
living
by
renting
it
out.
I
had
to
pay
him
$100,
000
a
year
for
twenty
years,
On
hearing
that,
the
other
brothers
were
7
by
his
good
thought.
?
After
the
holidays
their
mother 8
her
thank-you
notes,
which
read:
?
“Milton,
the
house
you
built
is
so
huge.
I
only
live
in
one
room,
but
I
have
to
clean
the
whole
house.
It’s
a 9
job.
Thanks
anyway.
”
“Marvin,
I
am
too
old
to 10 .
I
stay
home
and
have
my
foods
delivered,
so
I’ll
11
use
the
car.
The 12 was
good,
although
not
realistic.
Thanks.
”?
“Michael,
you
gave
me
an
expensive
building
for
many
people
to 13
plays
or
watch
movies
in
it,
but
all
my
friends
are
dead.
I’ve
almost
14
my
hearing
and
I’m
nearly
blind.
I
won’t
use
it.
Thank
you
all
the
same.
”?
“Dearest
Melvin,
The
chicken
tasted
so 15 .
I
liked
it
very
much.
Thank
you.
”?
【文章大意】文章讲述了四个儿子给母亲送生日礼物,
有房子、车子和剧场,
母亲觉得那些都不实用,
唯独喜欢小儿子送的鹦鹉,
原因是她把鹦鹉当鸡肉吃了,
觉得味道不错。
1.
A.
fought
B.
studied
C.
talked
D.
slept
【解析】选C。句意:
几年后,
他们一起吃过晚饭后交谈。fought打架;
studied学习;
talked交谈;
slept睡觉。根据下文discussed,
可知兄弟四人是在交谈,
故选C。
2.
A.
chances
B.
gifts
C.
options
D.
challenges
【解析】选B。句意:
他们讨论给远在另一座城市的年迈的母亲送什么礼物。chances机会;
gifts礼物;
options选项;
challenges挑战。根据下文说送房子,
车子等给母亲,
可知这里是指礼物,
故选B。
3.
A.
big
B.
warm
C.
safe
D.
lonely
【解析】选A。句意:
第一个说:
“我为妈妈建造了一所大房子。”
big大的;
warm暖和的;
safe安全的;
lonely孤独的。根据下文the
house
you
built
is
so
huge,
可知这里应该是大房子,
故选A。
4.
A.
station
B.
museum
C.
library
D.
theater
【解析】选D。句意:
第三个说:
“我给妈妈建了一个漂亮的剧院。”station车站;
museum博物馆;
library图书馆;
theater剧院。根据下文you
gave
me
an
expensive
building
for
many
people
to
plays
or
watch
movies
in
it,
可推断是剧院,
故选D。?
5.
A.
stories
B.
poems
C.
words
D.
lyrics
【解析】选B。句意:
我遇到一个商人,
他有一只会背很多诗的鹦鹉。
stories故事;
poems诗;
words话语;
lyrics歌词。根据上文妈妈喜欢读诗,
可知这里意思是一只会背诗的鹦鹉,
故选B。
6.
A.
protect
B.
approach
C.
raise
D.
train
【解析】选D。句意:
他花了12年的时间训练它说话,
他靠出租它来谋生。protect保护;
approach接近;
raise饲养;
train训练。根据上文说鹦鹉可以背诗,
可知这里是训练它说话,
故选D。
7.
A.
shocked
B.
embarrassed
C.
frightened
D.
impressed
【解析】选D。句意:
听到这一点,
其他兄弟对他的好想法印象深刻。shocked使震惊;
embarrassed使尴尬;
frightened使惊吓;
impressed使印象深刻。第四个儿子为喜欢读诗的母亲找到了一只会背许多诗的鹦鹉,
这个想法令其他的兄弟印象深刻,
故选D。
8.
A.
took
out
B.
put
up
C.
sent
out
D.
picked
up
【解析】选C。句意:
节日过后,
他们的母亲给他们寄去了感谢信。
took
out取出;
put
up张贴;
sent
out寄出;
picked
up拾起。根据下文“her
thank-you
notes”,
可知是寄出了感谢信,
故选C。
9.
A.
enjoyable
B.
tiring
C.
delightful
D.
amusing
【解析】选B。句意:
这是一份累人的工作。enjoyable令人愉快的;
tiring累人的;
delightful高兴的;
amusing有趣的。根据上文说的打扫整个房子,
可知是累人的,
故选B。
10.
A.
learn
B.
work
C.
exercise
D.
travel
【解析】选D。句意:
“Marvin,
我太老了而不能去旅行了。”learn学习;
work工作;
exercise锻炼;
travel旅行。根据下文“I
stay
home
and
have
my
foods
delivered”,
可推断这里是指她太老了而不能去旅行了,
故选D。
11.
A.
never
B.
often
C.
regularly
D.
sometimes
【解析】选A。句意:
我待在家里让别人送食物,
所以我永远不会用到车。
never永远不;
often经常;
regularly规律地;
sometimes有时。根据上文“我待在家里让别人送食物”,
可知是“永远不会用到车”,
故选A。
12.
A.
talent
B.
idea
C.
hobby
D.
program
【解析】选B。句意:
这个想法很好,
尽管不现实。
talent天才;
idea想法;
hobby爱好;
program节目。根据上文“我待在家里让别人送食物,
所以我永远不会用到车”,
可知这个想法很好,
但不现实,
故选B。
13.
A.
enjoy
B.
create
C.
focus
D.
record
【解析】选A。句意:
“Michael,
你给了我一栋很贵的房子,
很多人都可以在里面看电影或看戏剧,
但是我所有的朋友都死了。”enjoy欣赏;
create创造;
focus关注;
record记录。根据“plays
or
watch
movies
in
it,
”可知这里应是欣赏电影或者戏剧,
故选A。
14.
A.
admired
B.
lost
C.
remained
D.
ignored
【解析】选B。句意:
我几乎失去了听力并且几乎失明。admired钦佩;
lost失去;
remained保留;
ignored忽视。根据下文的“and
I’m
nearly
blind”,
可知这里应该是失去听力,
故选B。
15.
A.
strange
B.
unpleasant
C.
terrible
D.
delicious
【解析】选D。句意:
最亲爱的Melvin,
这只鸡味道好极了。strange奇怪的;
unpleasant
不愉快的;
terrible恐怖的;
delicious美味的。根据上文“The
chicken
tasted
”可推断这里是美味的,
故选D。
Ⅷ.
语法填空
There
1.
(be)
no
lights
in
sight
but
the
night
sky
glowed
(发出)
a
dusky
yellow,
because
the
Amazon
was
burning.
The
yellow
flames
engulfed
(吞食)
trees
2.
lit
up
the
sky.
During
the
day,
the
sunshine
was
blocked
3.
thick
smoke.
So
far,
the
fire
4.
(put)
out.
?
The
government
has
recorded
72,
843
fires.
The
fire
is
just
one
of
5.
(they)
in
the
Amazon,
the
world’s
6.
(large)
rainforest
and
a
fighter
against
climate
change.
According
to
Brazil’s
space
research
agency
INPE,
the
wildfire
has
decreased
by
17
percent
so
far
this
year
compared
to
the
same
period
in
2018.
?
Environmental
7.
(group)said
the
policies
of
the
government
encouraged
deforestation
(采伐森林)
of
the
Amazon,
8.
led
to
more
fires.
But
the
government
posted
a
report
and
wanted
9.
(argue)
against
that.
The
government
claimed
that
non-governmental
organizations
10.
(angry)
set
fire
to
the
forest
after
it
cut
their
funding.
?
【文章大意】本文讲述了关于亚马逊热带雨林着火原因的不同说法。
1.
【解析】were。考查主谓一致。句意:
眼前没有灯光,
但夜空闪着暗黄色的光,
因为亚马逊热带雨林正在燃烧。本句为there
be结构,
其主语为no
lights,
故用复数形式,
根据上下文可知用一般过去时态,
故填were。
2.
【解析】and。考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知,
此处连接谓语动词engulfed和lit
,
表并列,
应用并列连词,
故填and。
3.
【解析】by。考查介词。句意:
白天,
阳光被浓烟挡住了。根据句意可知,
be
blocked
by“被……阻止”,
这里表被动,
后接名词,
应用介词,
故填by。
4.
【解析】has
been
put。考查时态和语态。句意:
到目前为止,
火已经熄灭了。根据时间状语so
far可知本句用现在完成时,
又因put
out与主语the
fire之间为被动关系,
故填has
been
put。
5.
【解析】them。考查代词。句意:
亚马逊雨林是世界上最大的热带雨林,
也是对抗气候变化的斗士,
火灾只是其中之一。根据其前介词of可知应用代词宾格作宾语,
故填them。
6.
【解析】largest。考查形容词最高级。根据常识判断,
亚马逊雨林是世界上
“最大的”雨林,
故填largest。
7.
【解析】groups。考查名词复数。句意:
环保组织表示,
政府的政策鼓励了亚马逊森林的砍伐,
这导致了更多的火灾。此处environmental
groups指环保组织,
应用复数形式,
故填groups。
8.
【解析】which。考查定语从句。句意:
环保组织表示,
政府的政策鼓励了亚马逊森林的砍伐,
这导致了更多的火灾。分析句子结构可知,
代指前面整句话的内容,
在非限制性定语从句中作主语,
故填which。
9.
【解析】to
argue。考查非谓语动词。句意:
但政府发布了一份报告,
想对此进行反驳。want后接动词作宾语,
应用不定式形式,
故填to
argue。
10.
【解析】angrily。考查副词。句意:
政府声称,
非政府组织在资金被削减后,
愤怒地放火焚烧森林。分析句子成分可知,
此处作状语修饰动词短语set
fire,
应用副词形式,
故填angrily。
完形填空
As
my
daughter
was
riding
to
school
with
her
two
friends,
a
truck
pulled
out
in
front
of
them.
The
accident 1 on
March
11th,
2007—four
days
before
her
16th
birthday.
She
was 2 in
the
back
seat
and
3 the
most
injuries.
She
broke
her
face,
neck,
four
places
on
her
back
and
right
arm
and
had
bad
brain
injury.
The 4 did
not
think
she
was
going
to
survive.
She
was
known 5 the
only
recovered
child
throughout
this
hospital
6
we
stayed
for
over
three
months.
?
It
has
been
one
year 7 the
accident.
My
daughter
finally 8 from
this
life-changing
accident.
9
my
knowledge,
our
community
church
had
a
BBQ
and 10 all
raised
money
to
my
daughter
for
her 11 expenses.
When
I
knew
that
the 12
was
doing
for
her,
you
can
imagine
my
shock.
Since
it
has
been
one
year,
few
people
remember
my
daughter
and
many
people
have 13 calling
her
and
visiting
her.
By
having
the
BBQ,
our
small
community
has
shown
my
daughter
that
there
are
people
who
14
think
of
her
and
care
about
her.
?
Show
kindness
by
visiting
or
calling
those
who
had
a
life-changing
event.
My
daughter’s
accident
15
less
than
a
minute
but
changed
her
life,
plus
our
entire
family’s
life
forever.
?
【文章大意】本文为记叙文,
讲述了作者的女儿遭遇车祸一年以后,
所在的社区教堂把筹来的钱全部捐给女儿用于支付医药费的故事。
1.
A.
appeared
B.
reached
C.
happened
D.
arrived
【解析】选C。词语辨析题。appear
出现;
reach
到达;
happen
发生;
arrive到达。作者女儿上学途中发生了车祸事故。故选C。
2.
A.
riding
B.
walking
C.
hurrying
D.
moving
【解析】选A。词汇复现题。根据文章第一句中的“riding”一词可知她正坐在后座上。故选A。
3.
A.
accepted
B.
suffered
C.
refused
D.
knocked
【解析】选B。词语辨析题。accept接受;
suffer
遭受;
refuse
拒绝;
knock敲击。发生事故时,
她正坐在后座上,
因此受伤最严重。故选B。
4.
A.
patients
B.
classmates
C.
doctors
D.
teachers
【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据下句中的hospital可推知因为她受伤很严重,
医生都认为她活不了。故选C。
5.
A.
for
B.
to
C.
as
D.
on
【解析】选C。固定搭配题。be
known
as.
.
.
意为“众所周知……”。句意:
我们在这家医院住了三个多月,
大家都知道她是唯一一个康复的孩子。故选C。
6.
A.
that
B.
where
C.
which
D.
when
【解析】选B。词语辨析题。此处考查定语从句引导词。先行词为this
hospital,
在定语从句中充当地点状语,
应用关系副词where引导。故选B。
7.
A.
since
B.
before
C.
during
D.
over
【解析】选A。词语辨析题。since自从;
before
在……之前;
during在……期间;
over超过。句意:
自从车祸发生以来有一年了。
8.
A.
came
B.
became
C.
recovered
D.
returned
【解析】选C。固定搭配题。recover
from
从……中恢复。女儿最终从事故中恢复了。
9.
A.
Under
B.
With
C.
In
D.
Without
【解析】选D。固定搭配题。without
one’s
knowledge
意为“背着某人,
在某人不知情的情况下”。句意:
在我不知情的情况下,
我们的社区教堂举行了一次烧烤会,
把筹来的钱全部捐给了我的女儿,
用于支付医药费。故选D。
10.
A.
lent
B.
showed
C.
gave
D.
borrowed
【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据下文可知:
把筹集的钱给我的女儿。故选C。
11.
A.
physics
B.
medical
C.
chemical
D.
schooling
【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。我的女儿出车祸住院,
所以此处指医药费。故选B。
12.
A.
community
B.
neighbor
C.
relation
D.
street
【解析】选A。词汇复现题。根据上句中our
community
church可知,
这里指社区为我的女儿筹钱的事情让我震惊。故选A。
13.
A.
forgotten
B.
regretted
C.
stopped
D.
enjoyed
【解析】选C。词语辨析题。forget
忘记;
regret
后悔;
stop
停止;
enjoy喜欢。句意:
一年过去了,
很少有人记得我的女儿,
很多人也不打电话或者来看她了。故选C。
14.
A.
already
B.
never
C.
seldom
D.
still
【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据上下文语境可知,
通过举办烧烤活动,
我们的小社区向我的女儿表明,
仍然有人惦记着她,
关心着她。故选D。
15.
A.
continued
B.
lasted
C.
spared
D.
paused
【解析】选B。词语辨析题。continue
继续;
last
持续;
spare
留出;
pause暂停。句意:
我的女儿的事故持续了不到一分钟,
却改变了她的生活,
也永远改变了我们全家人的生活。
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