Unit
5
Languages
Around
the
World
Discovering
Useful
Structures?
限制性定语从句(2)
where,
when,
why,
prep.
+which/whom引导的定语从句
观察下列课文原句并归类填空
1.
There
are
many
reasons
why
this
has
been
possible,
but
one
of
the
main
factors
has
been
the
Chinese
writing
system.
2.
Emperor
Qinshihuang
united
the
seven
major
states
into
one
unified
country
where
the
Chinese
writing
system
began
to
develop
in
one
direction.
3.
I
told
my
mum
that
I
wanted
to
give
up,
and
that
I
would
never
live
in
a
country
where
German
was
spoken.
4.
I
finally
understood
the
reason
why
my
mum
had
encouraged
me
not
to
give
up.
5.
Then
I
saw
an
advertisement
that
offered
a
wonderful
summer
course
in
German,
and
that
was
the
day
when
I
decided
to
take
on
a
new
language.
一、关系副词的分类
1.
when指时间,
在定语从句中作时间状语。
(2020·江苏高考)Inglis
said
phone
boxes
called
to
mind
an
age
when
things
were
built
to
last.
(先行词an
age还原到从句中为:
things
were
built
to
last
in
the
age,
作时间状语)
Inglis说电话亭让我们想起了一个时代:
在这个时代,
建造东西能永恒存在。
when既可以指代具体的时间名词,
也可指代抽象时间名词,
常见的有occasion(时机),
time,
age,
period等。
Occasions
are
quite
rare
when
I
have
the
time
to
spend
a
day
with
my
kids.
我有时间和孩子们待一天的机会很少。
2.
where指地点,
在定语从句中作地点状语。
This
is
the
club
where
we
hold
various
activities.
(先行词the
club还原到从句中为:
we
hold
various
activities
in
the
club,
作地点状语)
这就是我们举行各种各样活动的俱乐部。
where既可以指代具体的地点名词,
也可指代抽象地点名词,
常见的抽象地点名词:
case,
point,
situation,
condition,
scene,
stage,
position,
activity,
platform,
race,
environment,
atmosphere,
family,
job等。
I
have
reached
a
point
in
my
life
where
I
should
make
decisions
of
my
own.
我已经到了一个在我人生中自己做决定的地步了。
Life
is
like
a
long
race
where
we
compete
with
others
to
go
beyond
ourselves.
人生像一场长跑比赛,
我们在比赛中和他人竞争以超越自己。
3.
why指原因,
在定语从句中作原因状语。
This
is
the
reason
why
he
has
made
such
great
progress.
(先行词the
reason还原到从句中为:
he
has
made
such
great
progress
for
the
reason,
作原因状语)
这是他取得如此大进步的原因。
关系代词和关系副词的选择依据
关系代词和关系副词的选择要看先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分:
如果作状语,
则用关系副词;
如果作主语、宾语、表语,
则用关系代词。
①I’ll
never
forget
the
day
that/which
I
spent
with
you
on
the
farm.
(关系代词作spent的宾语)
②I’ll
never
forget
the
day
when
I
worked
with
you
on
the
farm.
(关系副词作时间状语,
when=on
which)
③He
works
in
the
factory
that/
which
makes
bikes.
(关系代词作定语从句的主语)
④He
works
in
the
factory
where
bikes
are
made.
(关系副词在句中作地点状语,
where=in
which)
⑤This
is
the
reason
that/which
he
explained
to
us.
(关系代词作explained的宾语)
⑥This
is
the
reason
why
he
was
late.
(关系副词作原因状语,
why=for
which)
选词填空
that,
which,
when,
where,
why
(1)He
bought
a
book
that/which
he
decided
to
give
to
his
friend.
(2)There
are
moments
when
I
forget
all
about
it.
(3)The
reason
that/which
he
explained
at
the
meeting
was
not
sound.
(4)The
reason
why
he
was
late
was
that
he
missed
his
train.
(5)Keep
the
book
in
a
place
where
you
can
find
it
easily.
(6)This
is
the
house
which/that
was
built
by
my
grandfather
forty
years
ago.
二、介词+which/
whom引导定语从句
1.
介词+
which指物;
介词+
whom指人
This
is
the
book
of
which
the
cover
has
been
torn.
这就是书皮被弄破的那本书。
I
have
some
American
friends
from
whom
I
have
learned
much
about
the
American
customs.
我有一些美国朋友,
从他们那里我学到了很多关于美国风俗的知识。
2.
介词+
which/
whom中介词的选择依据
(1)看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配
The
old
woman
with
whom
you
talked
just
now
is
a
famous
artist.
刚才和你们说话的老太太是一位著名的艺术家。
固定搭配中介词的位置
有一些介词为固定搭配的一部分,
此时应注意它们的位置。
The
boy
whom
my
sister
is
looking
after
is
getting
better.
(注意搭配look
after)
我的姐姐正在照顾的那个男孩正变得越来越好。
(2)看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配
He
referred
me
to
some
reference
books
with
which
I
am
not
very
familiar.
他要我去看一些我不熟悉的参考书。
(3)看先行词与介词的搭配习惯
这类考题往往要根据具体的语境来选择介词。
The
story
is
a
good
example
in
which
first
aid
makes
a
big
difference.
这个故事是个好例子,
在这个例子中急救作用很大。
三、使用定语从句时注意的几个方面
1.
先行词way在定语从句中充当方式状语,
引导词用
that
或in
which,
也可省略。
This
is
the
way
(that/in
which)
he
gets
along
with
others.
(先行词the
way还原到定语从句中为:
he
gets
along
with
others
in
the
way,
作方式状语,
引导词用
that
或in
which,
也可省略。)
这就是他与其他人相处的方法。
2.
分割式定语从句
定语从句和它所修饰的先行词中间插入谓语、状语或另外的定语等成分,
使定语从句与所修饰的名词分割开来,
或者插入语把引导词与定语从句分割。理解句子时,
注意找准先行词。
A
new
teacher
will
come
tomorrow
who
will
teach
us
English.
教我们英语的一位新老师明天就要到了。
The
days
are
gone
when
physical
strength
was
what
you
needed
to
make
a
living.
完全靠体力谋生的时代已经过去了。
单句语法填空
(1)He
is
a
man
to
whom
you
can
always
turn
for
help.
(2)He
explained
the
way
in
which
he
solved
the
problem.
(3)The
reason
for
which
he
was
late
was
that
something
was
wrong
with
his
bike
on
the
way.
(4)The
film
in
which
he
played
the
leading
role
was
a
great
success.
(5)I
shall
never
forget
the
day
on
which
I
entered
the
senior
high
school.
(6)In
our
city
there
are
several
big
public
parks
to
which
many
people
can
go
to
enjoy
the
beautiful
scenery.
Ⅰ.
选词填空
1.
I
can
never
forget
the
day
on
which(on
which/in
which)
we
worked
together.
?
2.
Last
summer
we
visited
Hangzhou,
in
which(in
which/as
which)
we
stayed
for
one
week.
?
3.
This
is
the
reason
for
which(with
which
/for
which)
he
didn’t
come
to
the
meeting.
?
4.
The
engineer
with
whom(with
who/with
whom)
my
father
works
is
about
50
years
old.
?
5.
The
pen
with
which(with
which
/by
which)
he
is
writing
is
mine.
?
6.
Can
you
lend
me
the
book
about
which(about
which/with
which)
you
talked
the
other
day?
?
7.
This
is
the
website
where(where/which)
I
can
find
some
interesting
stories.
8.
That
is
not
the
way
in
which(in
which/with
which)
I
do
it.
?
9.
This
is
the
magazine
from
which(which/from
which)
I
copied
the
paragraph.
?
10.
That
is
the
day
which(which/on
which)
I’ll
never
forget.
Ⅱ.
将下列句子合并成定语从句
1.
The
man
is
in
the
next
room.
You
are
talking
about
the
man.
→The
man
about
whom
you
are
talking
is
in
the
next
room.
?
2.
My
hometown
has
taken
on
a
new
look.
I
spent
most
of
my
childhood
there.
→My
hometown
where
I
spent
most
of
my
childhood
has
taken
on
a
new
look.
?
3.
I
don’t
know
the
reason.
He
didn’t
come
to
the
meeting
yesterday
for
the
reason.
→I
don’t
know
the
reason
for
which/why
he
didn’t
come
to
the
meeting
yesterday.
?
4.
I
joined
the
organization
on
that
day.
I
will
never
forget
the
day.
→I
will
never
forget
the
day
when/on
which
I
joined
the
organization.
?
5.
Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
the
factory.
We
are
working
in
the
factory.
→Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
the
factory
where/in
which
we
are
working.
?
6.
She
refused
the
offer.
I’d
like
to
know
the
reason.
→I’d
like
to
know
the
reason
why/for
which
she
refused
the
offer.
?
7.
Later,
I
wrote
a
letter
of
thanks
to
the
gentleman.
I
got
lots
of
help
from
him.
→Later,
I
wrote
a
letter
of
thanks
to
the
gentleman
from
whom
I
got
lots
of
help.
?
PAGE
-
5
-Unit
5
Languages
Around
the
World
Listening
and
Speaking?
One
language
sets
you
in
a
corridor
for
life.
Two
languages
open
every
door
along
the
way.
—Frank
Smith
释义:
一门语言能带你进入人生旅途,
两门语言则为你开启人生旅途中所有的大门。
——弗兰克·史密斯
启示:
语言是人与人之间沟通的工具,
是一个人生产与发展必备的技能,
掌握多门语言可以让你了解更多的外部世界,
也为你事业的成功插上腾飞的翅膀。
1.
Language
is
the
embodiment
of
life.
语言是生活的化身。
2.
Language
is
fossil
poetry.
语言是诗歌的化石。
3.
Language
is
a
city,
everyone
adds
a
brick
for
the
construction
of
the
city.
语言是一座城市,
每个人都为这座城市的建设增添了砖瓦。
As
is
known
to
all,
the
power
of
words
can
be
equal
to
a
gun.
When
you
say
something
ill
to
someone
else,
you’re,
to
some
extent,
setting
up
a
destructive
relationship
with
him.
Instead,
if
you
inspire
others
by
uplifting
words,
the
contribution
to
strengthen
your
friendship
can
be
significant.
However,
whether
the
words
are
anti-ear
or
not,
there
is
no
doubt
that
they
do
succeed
in
making
their
way
to
impress
you
at
all
times.
Personally,
there
are
specific
words
that
impress
me
a
lot.
It’s
the
final
exam
in
junior
high
school.
Unfortunately,
I
failed
though
I
had
made
a
good
preparation
before
it.
I
never
knew
whether
others
laughed
at
me
at
that
time.
What
aroused
me,
though,
were
the
words
from
my
classmates—It
never
rains,
but
it
pours—from
which
I
benefit
a
lot.
I
guess
that
it’s
his
inspiring
words
that
set
off
my
inner
motivation
to
feel
good
about
myself
again.
From
my
own
perspective,
realizing
that
we
human
beings
are
in
need
of
positive
reinforcement,
I
attach
great
importance
to
speaking
inspiring
words
whenever
it
is
needed.
[词海拾贝]
1.
uplifting
adj.
令人振奋的 2.
specific
adj.
特定的;
具体的
3.
motivation
n.
动机,
动力
4.
to
some
extent
在某种程度上
[我学我思]
Do
you
think
that
words
have
a
powerful
effect,
and
why?
I
think
words,
especially
inspiring
words,
are
powerful
because
they
can
give
people
strength
and
inspire
them
to
do
better.
?
Explore
languages
around
the
world
Ⅰ.
主题词汇听写
Ⅱ.
教材听力填空
To
some
students,
it
seems
that
the
only
foreign
language
to
learn
is
English.
There
are,
however,
nearly
(1)7,
000
languages
in
the
world.
After
Chinese,
the
language
with
the
most
native
language
speakers
isn’t
English—it’s
Spanish!
Learning
English
is
(2)very
useful,
but
it
is
wise
to
learn
at
least
one
other
foreign
language,
if
possible.
?
There
are
many
reasons
why
people
learn
a
foreign
language.
Many
students
choose
to
study
one
of
the
languages
that
are
spoken
at
the
UN.
As
they
think
it
means
better
job
chances
in
the
future.
The
UN
has
(3)six
official
languages:
Arabic,
Chinese,
English,
French,
Russian,
and
Spanish.
They
are
spoken
by
around
2.
8
billion
people
as
their
native
or
second
languages.
?
Some
students,
though,
choose
to
study
a
language
because
of
(4)family
or
friends.
One
American
girl
chose
to
learn
Danish
because
her
grandparents
were
from
Denmark.
When
she
was
little,
her
grandpa
used
to
read
letters
to
her
in
Danish
from
their
relatives
in
Denmark.
Another
young
lady
started
learning
(5)French
because
she
had
several
friends
from
African
countries
where
French
is
spoken.
?
What
do
you
think?
Which
other
language
would
you
choose
to
study
and
why?
Ⅲ.
话题听力体验
听下面一段长对话,
回答以下小题。
1.
What’s
Peter’s
problem?
A.
He
can’t
understand
Chinese
program.
B.
He
can’t
talk
with
Chinese
people.
C.
He
can’t
understand
Chinese
grammar.
2.
How
long
has
Peter
been
learning
Chinese?
A.
3
years.
B.
4
years.
C.
5
years.
3.
What
can
we
learn
from
the
conversation?
A.
Peter
speaks
Chinese
a
lot.
B.
Peter
is
happy
to
learn
driving.
C.
Peter
needs
a
lot
of
practice.
答案:
1～3.
BCC
【听力原文】
M:
Hello,
Professor
Zhang.
I’m
Peter.
W:
Hello,
Peter.
Can
I
help
you?
M:
Yeah.
I
have
been
studying
Chinese
for
many
years,
and
I
have
learnt
a
lot
of
grammar
and
vocabulary,
but
I
find
it
difficult
to
talk
with
Chinese
people.
I
can’t
understand
them.
W:
Well,
that’s
a
problem.
How
long
have
you
been
studying
Chinese?
M:
Three
years
in
junior
school,
and
two
years
in
senior
school.
W:
Um.
How
do
you
learn
Chinese?
Do
you
often
listen
to
Chinese
program?
M:
I
often
attend
Chinese
training
programs.
W:
Yes,
I
see.
Peter,
I
always
think
learning
a
language
is
rather
like
learning
to
drive.
If
you
want
to
drive
perfectly,
you
have
to
practise
over
and
over.
Similarly,
if
you
want
to
speak
Chinese
well,
you
need
lots
of
practice.
英美发音的不同点
1.
当字母r出现在单词的元音字母组合中时,
北美英语会出现独特的卷舌音。也就是元音发音完毕后,
要很流畅地将舌尖向后卷,
但不得接触上腭。
5.
美式英语中的
t:
字母t可出现在单词的词首、词中和词尾三个部位。其中在词首与词尾时的发音技巧与英式英语相同。例如:
。而在词中时,
英国人的读法和词首、词尾一致,
美国人却有两种读法。由舌尖弹动发出的弹舌音,
听起来像一个非常轻的/d/。例如:
better city letter little。
/t/ /d/
Italian
Italy
photography
photograph
1.
选出字母(组合)发音与其他三项不同的单词
(1)A.
refer
B.
factor
C.
carve
D.
variety
(2)A.
native
B.
attitude
C.
gas
D.
character
(3)A.
major
B.
bought
C.
talk
D.
law
(4)A.
subway
B.
tongue
C.
struggle
D.
regard
(5)A.
point
B.
Christmas
C.
dialect
D.
apartment
答案:
(1)～(5)DAADB
2.
在含有所给音标发音的单词下面画线
(1)
He
drove
his
car
so
fast
that
he
broke
the
glass.
(2)
The
short
man
rides
a
tall
horse
to
take
part
in
sports.
(3)
Grandmother
loves
her
grandson
very
much,
so
she
comes
to
see
him
every
day.
(4)[?] She
had
a
tour
outside
for
an
hour
and
picked
some
flowers.
(5)[t] You’d
better
go
to
the
city
for
a
letter.
PAGE
-
7
-Unit
5
Languages
Around
the
World
Reading
and
Thinking?
Ⅰ.
必备单词:
根据提示填写单词
1.
how
many
billion
people 多少十亿人
2.
their
native
language
他们的母语
3.
the
attitude
of
the
speaker
说话者的态度
4.
despite
the
difficulty
尽管有困难
5.
one
of
the
main
factors
主要因素之一
6.
animal
bones
动物骨骼
7.
different
symbols
不同的符号
8.
carved
by
ancient
Chinese
people
被古代中国人刻的
9.
the
Shang
Dynasty
商朝
10.
the
classic
works
古典作品
11.
the
high
regard
高度关注
12.
Chinese
characters
中国汉字
13.
Chinese
calligraphy
中国书法
14.
some
important
affairs
一些重要事情
15.
find
specific
information
找到具体的信息
16.
vary(v.
)
from
person
to
person人人不同→
various(adj.
)
activities各种各样的活动→many
varieties(n.
)
of
dialects很多种方言
17.
seven
major(adj.
)
states七个主要国家→the
majority
(n.
)
of
people大多数的人们
18.
understand
what
you
mean(v.
)明白你的意思
→an
important
means(n.
)一个重要的方法→the
meaning(n.
)
of
the
word
这个单词的意思→a
meaningful(adj.
)
lesson有意义的一课
19.
the
whole
globe(n.
)
整个地球→the
global(adj.
)
warming全球变暖
20.
to
appreciate(v.
)
China’s
culture欣赏中国文化→express
my
appreciation(n.
)
表达我的感激
Ⅱ.
必备短语:
英汉双译
1.
refer
to
指的是;
描述;
提到;
查询?
2.
ups
and
downs
浮沉;
兴衰;
荣辱?
3.
date
back
(to.
.
.
)
追溯到?
4.
play
an
important
role
in
在……中起到重要作用
5.
all
the
way
一路上,
一直
6.
lead
to
导致
7.
be
connected
with
与……相联系
Ⅲ.
必备句式:
翻译课文原句,
并观察黑体部分
1.
There
are
many
reasons
why
this
has
been
possible,
but
one
of
the
main
factors
has
been
the
Chinese
writing
system.
有许多原因使这成为可能,
但其中一个主要因素是中国的文字系统。
2.
Even
today,
no
matter
where
Chinese
people
live
or
what
dialect
they
speak,
they
can
all
still
communicate
in
writing.
即使在今天,
不管中国人住在哪里,
说什么方言,
他们仍然可以书面交流。
3.
As
China
plays
a
greater
role
in
global
affairs,
an
increasing
number
of
international
students
are
beginning
to
appreciate
China’s
culture
and
history
through
this
amazing
language.
随着中国在国际事务中扮演越来越重要的角色,
越来越多的国际学生开始通过这门神奇的语言来欣赏中国的文化和历史。
1.
形容词后缀-al,
例如:
globe
+
-al
→
global
全球的
person→personal
个人的 region→regional
地区性的
nation→national
国家的
music→musical
音乐的
2.
“动词
+
介词to”构成动词短语
refer
to
指的是;
描述;
提到;
查询 turn
to
求助于,
转向
lead
to
导致
agree
to
同意
【新课导入】
1.
Appreciate
the
song
American
English.
American
English
-
Wax
Here
comes
my
one
and
only
Talking
like
a
starlet
on
a
Hollywood
screen
She
whispers
something
to
me
I
hear
the
words
but
I
don’t
know
what
she
means
Oh
she
speaks
American
English
Oh
don’t
always
understand
Though
she
speaks
American
English
Got
the
language
of
love
At
her
command
Love
travels
transatlantic
I’m
hot
and
bothered
by
her
figure
of
speech
Can’t
follow
her
semantics
But
when
her
body
moves
it’s
clear
to
me
Oh
she
speaks
American
English
Oh
don’t
always
understand
Though
she
speaks
American
English
Got
the
language
of
love
At
her
command
We
don’t
need
words
To
express
what
is
real
We’ve
got
each
other
That
says
everything
that
we
feel
There’s
too
much
damn
confusion
With
all
this
talking
going
round
and
round
We’ll
reach
our
own
conclusion
We’ll
make
connection
on
the
common
ground
Oh
she
speaks
American
English
Oh
don’t
always
understand
Though
she
speaks
American
English
Got
the
language
of
love
At
her
command
Oh
she
speaks
American
English
Oh
don’t
always
understand
Though
she
speaks
American
English
Got
the
language
of
love
At
her
command
歌词译文:
美式英语
——Wax组合
你是我的唯一
说话像一个好莱坞屏幕上尚未成名的年轻女演员
她向我低语
我听到这句话,
但是我不知道她是什么意思
哦,
她说美式英语
哦,
总是不理解
虽然她说美式英语
爱的语言
由她掌控
爱跨大西洋
我困惑于她的话语
不能理解她的语义
但是,
她的身体动作对我来说很明显
哦,
她说美式英语
哦,
总是不理解
虽然她说美式英语
爱的语言
由她掌控
我们不需要言语
表达什么是真实
我们彼此拥有
那就是我们的感觉
有太多的困惑
所有这些话语在脑海里绕了一圈又一圈
我们会得出自己的结论
我们将连接在共同点
哦,
她说美式英语
哦,
总是不理解
虽然她说美式英语
爱的语言
由她掌控
哦,
她说美式英语
哦,
总是不理解
虽然她说美式英语
爱的语言
由她掌控
2.
Discuss
with
your
partner
and
answer
the
following
two
questions.
(1)What
language
do
you
want
to
learn,
and
why?
I
want
to
learn
English,
because
it
is
widely
used
in
the
world,
and
can
be
used
almost
everywhere.
?
(2)Do
you
think
Chinese
is
an
important
language?
I
think
Chinese
is
very
important.
It
is
one
of
the
symbols
of
the
Chinese
culture,
and
it
is
one
of
the
most
ancient
languages.
It
is
also
an
important
international
language
now.
?
框架宏观建构:
整体理解
1.
Skim
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks.
2.
What’s
the
main
idea
of
this
passage?
The
passage
is
mainly
about
the
development
of
the
Chinese
writing
system.
【阅读策略点拨】
计时阅读(timed
reading)
课余要养成计时阅读的习惯。计时阅读每次进行5～10
分钟即可,
不宜太长。因为计时快速阅读,
精力高度集中,
时间一长,
容易疲劳、精力分散,
反而乏味。阅读时先记下“起读时间”(starting
time),
阅读完毕,
记下“止读时间”(finishing
time),
即可计算出本次阅读速度。随手记下,
长期坚持,
必定收到明显效果。
文本微观剖析:
细节探究
1.
Choose
the
best
answer.
(1)According
to
the
whole
passage,
the
functions
of
the
Chinese
writing
system
are
those
EXCEPT .
?
A.
connecting
the
past
and
the
present
B.
connecting
environment
with
nature
C.
connecting
characters
with
art
D.
connecting
China
with
the
world
(2)Why
did
the
Chinese
writing
system
begin
to
develop
in
one
direction?
A.
People
wanted
to
live
in
peace.
B.
Emperor
Qinshihuang
united
the
seven
major
states
into
one
unified
country.
C.
People
were
willing
to
communicate
in
a
language.
D.
People
were
divided
geographically.
(3)What
does
“characters”
mean
in
the
fifth
paragraph?
A.
the
qualities
of
a
person
or
place
that
make
it
different
from
others
B.
a
person
of
a
certain
kind
C.
a
person
in
a
story
or
film
D.
a
letter,
number,
or
other
mark
used
in
writing
答案:
(1)～(3)BBD
2.
Long
sentence
analysis.
(1)Over
the
years,
the
system
developed
into
different
forms,
as
it
was
a
time
when
people
were
divided
geographically(原因状语从句),
leading
to
many
varieties
of
dialects
and
characters(现在分词短语作结果状语).
?
译文:
这些年来,
这一体系发展成了不同的形式,
因为当时人们在地理上处于分裂状态,
从而导致了方言和汉字的多种多样。
(2)The
high
regard
for
the
Chinese
writing
system
can
be
seen
in
the
development
of
Chinese
characters
as
an
art
form,
known
as
Chinese
calligraphy(过去分词短语作定语),
which
has
become
an
important
part
of
Chinese
culture(非限制性定语从句).
?
译文:
对汉字书写体系的重视在汉字发展中就可以看得出来,
它发展成为一门艺术形式——书法,
成为中国文化的重要部分。
阅读思维升华:
主题实践
1.
According
to
the
writer,
the
Chinese
writing
system
is
one
factor
that
helps
the
Chinese
language
and
culture
survive.
What
do
you
think
are
some
of
the
other
factors?
(logical
thinking逻辑性思维)
In
history,
the
Chinese
writing
system
plays
an
important
part
in
developing
the
Chinese
language
and
culture.
Besides,
calligraphy
is
also
important.
It’s
appreciated
by
the
world
now.
?
2.
Do
you
like
to
practise
calligraphy?
How
can
you
do
it
well?
(creative
thinking创造性思维)
I
like
to
do
it.
Calligraphy
plays
an
important
role
in
the
Chinese
history.
However,
it
needs
patience
and
persistence.
We
must
practise
it
every
day.
Maybe
we
will
make
progress
in
writing.
?
语篇总结归纳:
主题深化
China
is
1.
widely
(wide)
known
for
its
ancient
civilisation,
which
has
continued
all
the
way
until
now.
One
of
the
main
2.
factors
(factor)
is
the
Chinese
writing
system.
At
the
beginning,
written
Chinese
3.
was
based
(base)
on
picture
language,
which
dates
back
to
several
thousand
years
ago.
Ancient
Chinese
people
carved
symbols
on
animal
bones
and
shells.
?
By
the
Shang
Dynasty,
these
symbols
4.
had
become
(become)
a
well-developed
writing
system.
At
that
time,
people
lived
in
different
places,
5.
leading
(lead)
to
many
varieties
of
dialects
and
characters.
?
Emperor
Qinshihuang
united
the
seven
major
states
into
one
country
6.
where
the
Chinese
writing
system
began
to
develop
in
one
direction.
The
writing
system
played
7.
an
important
part
in
uniting
the
Chinese
people
and
culture.
Now,
people
can
still
communicate
in
writing.
Written
Chinese
has
also
become
an
important
means
by
which
China’s
present
is
connected
with
its
past.
People
in
modern
times
can
read
the
classic
works
which
were
8.
written
(write)
by
Chinese
in
ancient
times.
The
Chinese
writing
system
has
developed
into
Chinese
calligraphy,
9.
which
is
an
important
part
of
Chinese
culture.
Today,
China
plays
a
greater
role
in
10.
global
(globe)
affairs.
1.
attitude
n.
态度,
看法
(2019·浙江高考)What’s
particularly
interesting
is
the
attitude
various
cities
have
toward
Dubanchet’s
cause.
特别有趣的是不同的城市对Dubanchet的事业的态度。
attitude
toward(s)/to 对……的态度
hold
a/an.
.
.
attitude
(to.
.
.
)
(对……)持有……的态度
attitude
of
mind
心态;
看法
①Most
students
hold
a
positive
attitude
to
this
kind
of
after-class
activity.
?
大部分学生对这类的课外活动持有积极态度。
②Human
beings
can
change
their
lives
by
changing
their
attitude
of
mind.
?
你若改变你的心态,
你就可以改变你的人生。
2.
base
vt.
以……为据点;
以……为基础n.
底部;
根据
(教材原句)At
the
beginning,
written
Chinese
was
a
picture-based
language.
汉字在最初是一种基于图形的语言。
(1)base.
.
.
on/upon.
.
.
把……建立在……基础之上
(2)based
adj.
以(某事)为基础的;
以……为重要部分(或特征)的
be
based
on/upon
以……为基础;
依据……
at
the
base
在根部;
在底部
(3)basis
n.
基础;
基本原则
on
the
basis
of
以……为根据
(4)basic
adj.
基本的;
基础的
①When
it
comes
to
choosing
between
arts
and
science,
the
basic
rule
is
to
base
our
choice
on
our
own
interest
and
strengths.
当谈到选择文科和理科的时候,
基本的原则是把我们的选择建立在我们的兴趣和强项的基础上。
②
Clearly,
successful
study
is
based
on
good
ways
and
habits.
?
很清楚的是,
成功的学习基于好的方法和习惯。
③(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)These
days,
I,
together
with
my
classmates,
have
adapted
a
short
play
based
on
the
English
text.
?
这些天,
我和同学基于英语课文改编了一个短剧。
④(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
At
the
base
(of
Kilimanjaro)
is
a
rainforest.
?
在乞力马扎罗山的底部是一片热带雨林。
3.
regard
n.
尊重;
关注vt.
把……视为;
看待
(教材原句)The
high
regard
for
the
Chinese
writing
system
can
be
seen
in
the
development
of
Chinese
characters
as
an
art
form,
known
as
Chinese
calligraphy.
中国人对其书写体系推崇备至,
这体现在汉字发展为一种艺术形式——书法。
①Give
my
best
regards
to
your
parents
and
I
am
looking
forward
to
hearing
from
you
soon.
?
代我向你父母致以最诚挚的问候,
并且我期待着不久收到你的回信。
②With
regard
to
the
matter
you
mentioned
in
your
letter,
my
suggestions
are
as
follows.
?
对于你在信中提到的问题,
我的建议如下。
③(2020·江苏高考)But
Wilson
did
not
regard
the
accident
as
catastrophic.
但是威尔逊没有把这次事故看作是灾难性的。
④Du
Fu
is
regarded
as
one
of
the
greatest
poets
in
Chinese
history.
?
杜甫被看作中国历史上最伟大的诗人之一。
4.
appreciate
vt.
欣赏;
重视;
感激;
领会vi.
增值
(教材原句)An
increasing
number
of
international
students
are
beginning
to
appreciate
China’s
culture
and
history.
越来越多的国际学生开始欣赏中国文化和历史。
(1)appreciate+n.
/pron.
/v.
-ing重视/感激……
I
would
appreciate
it
if.
.
.
假如……我将不胜感激
.
.
.
I
would
be
highly
appreciated
假如……我将不胜感激
(2)appreciation
n.
欣赏;
感激
①I
would
appreciate
your
allowing
me
to
make
another
date
to
show
you
around
Beijing.
?
我将很感激你允许我定个其他日期领着你参观北京。
②(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)I
would
truly
appreciate
it
if
you
are
willing
to
give
a
hand
to
us.
?
如果你乐意帮助我们,
我将不胜感激。
③Your
consideration
about
my
application
would
be
highly
appreciated.
?
如果你能考虑我的申请,
我将不胜感激。
④I
would
like
to
show
my
appreciation
to
those
standing
by
me
all
the
way.
我想对一直支持我的人表示我的感激之情。
【熟词生义】
Houses
in
this
area
have
all
appreciated
in
value
since
the
new
road
was
built.
(vi.
增值)
新路建好之后这一地区的房子都增值了。
5.
refer
to指的是;
描述;
提到;
查阅
(教材原句)Pronouns
refer
to
something
or
somebody
mentioned
earlier.
代词指的是之前提到的人或物。
【导图理词】
①I
thought
of
the
man
whom
you
referred
to
that
day.
?
我想起了你那天提到的那个人。
②For
more
information,
you
can
refer
to
China
Daily’s
official
website.
?
关于更多信息,
你可以查阅《中国日报》官方网站。
③There
are
huge
amounts
of
reference
books
which
I
am
often
confused
to
choose
from.
?
有大量的参考书供选择,
我很困惑。
(1)refer为不规则动词,
它的过去式和过去分词形式为referred,
类似的词还有prefer(preferred),
occur
(occurred)等。
(2)reference作“(参考)材料”,
为可数名词。
6.
Even
today,
no
matter
where
Chinese
people
live
or
what
dialect
they
speak,
they
can
all
still
communicate
in
writing.
即使在今天,
不论住在哪里,
也不论说何种方言,
中国人都能通过书写进行交流。?
【句式解构】
no
matter
where/when/who/what/how.
.
.
是一个引导让步状语从句的连词结构,
意为:
无论在哪里/何时/是谁/什么/怎样……可置于句首、句中、句尾。
①No
matter
where/Wherever
I
am,
I
will
always
remember
I
am
a
Chinese.
?
不管我身在何方,
我都会记住自己是个中国人。
②You
have
to
go
on
no
matter
what(=whatever)
difficulties
you
meet.
?
无论遇到什么困难,
你都必须继续做下去。
③Whoever(=No
matter
who)
you
are,
you
must
obey
the
law.
不论你是谁,
都要遵纪守法。
【知识延伸】
(1)whatever,
whoever,
whichever,
whomever,
however也可引导让步状语从句,
相当于no
matter
what/who/which/whom/how。
(2)whatever,
whoever,
whichever,
whomever也可引导名词性从句。
However
far
away(=No
matter
how
far
away)we
are,
we
feel
close
to
each
other.
无论我们距离有多远,
我们都感觉彼此很亲近。
We
will
never
give
up
studying,
whatever(=no
matter
what)
happens.
无论发生什么事,
我们都不会放弃学习。
Whoever(=No
matter
who)
is
interested
in
making
small
inventions
can
join
in
it.
任何对小发明感兴趣的人都可以参加。
【要点拾遗】
1.
native
adj.
出生地的;
本地的;
土著的n.
本地人
(教材原句)How
many
billion
people
speak
the
UN’s
official
languages
as
their
native
or
second
language?
有多少十亿人把联合国的官方语言当作他们的母语或第二语言?
a
native
of 生于……的人,
原产于……的动物/植物
be
native
to
原产于/原籍是……
native
land
本国,
祖国
native
language
母语
①Above
all,
being
a
native
of
the
city,
I
know
a
lot
about
its
history
and
culture.
?
最重要的是,
作为本地市民,
我很了解它的历史和文化。
②When
it
comes
to
Chengdu,
the
first
thing
that
comes
to
your
mind
is
pandas,
which
are
native
to
Sichuan.
?
当谈到成都的时候,
你第一个想到的是熊猫,
四川的特有物种。
③When
we
are
learning
a
second
language
we
need
to
remember
how
we
learned
our
native
language.
?
当我们学习一门外语的时候,
需要记住我们是如何学会我们的母语的。
2.
despite
prep.
即使;
尽管
(教材原句)China
is
widely
known
for
its
ancient
civilisation
which
has
continued
all
the
way
through
into
modern
times,
despite
the
many
ups
and
downs
in
its
history.
尽管历史跌宕起伏,
中国因其古代文明一直延续至今而闻名于世。
(1)in
spite
of(=despite) 即使;
尽管
in
spite
of/despite
the
fact
that.
.
.
尽管……
(2)although/though
即使;
尽管
①Despite/In
spite
of
the
advantages
of
e-reading,
there
are
also
some
disadvantages.
?
尽管电子书有优点,
也有一些缺点。
②In
spite
of
the
fact
that
the
school
life
is
full
of
fun
and
friendship,
I
prefer
to
live
in
the
rented
room.
?
尽管学校生活充满了乐趣和友谊,
我更喜欢住在租的房子里。
③Although/Though
the
basketball
match
would
start
soon,
we
still
decided
to
send
them
to
the
hospital
first.
尽管篮球赛即将开始,
我们仍然决定先把他们送到医院。
1.
despite/in
spite
of为介词属性,
因此后跟名词,
或名词性短语。
2.
in
spite
of/despite
the
fact
that.
.
.
中的that引导同位语从句。
3.
although/though为连词,
后跟完整的句子,
引导让步状语从句。
3.
date
back
(to.
.
.
)
追溯到
(教材原句)It
dates
back
several
thousand
years
to
the
use
of
longgu—animal
bones
and
shells.
它追溯到数千年前龙骨的使用——动物的骨头和壳。
date
from 追溯到;
始于
up
to
date
时髦的
out
of
date
过时的
①Beijing
Opera,
which
dates
back
to
the
Qing
Dynasty,
has
a
history
of
more
than
200
years.
?
京剧有超过200年的历史,
可追溯至清朝。
②Tea
has
a
long
history
in
China,
dating
back
to
5,
000
years
ago.
?
茶拥有悠久的历史,
可追溯到5000年前。
③They
hold
the
view
that
handwritten
letters
are
out
of
date,
which
should
be
given
up.
?
他们持有这个观点:
手写信过时了,
应该被放弃。
date
back
to/date
from
三注意
date
back
to/date
from一般无进行时态;
无被动语态;
作后置定语时,
需用现在分词形式。
4.
variety
n.
(植物、语言等的)变体;
异体;
多样化
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Upon
entering
the
farm,
we
were
attracted
by
its
cleanness
and
rich
varieties
of
fruit.
一进入农场,
我们就被农场的整洁和丰富的水果种类吸引了。
(2)various
adj.
不同的;
各种各样的
for
various
reasons
由于种种原因
(3)vary
vt.
&
vi.
改变;
变化
vary
from.
.
.
to.
.
.
从……到……不等;
在……到……之间变动
①As
for
the
drinks,
we
need
more
varieties,
such
as
Coke,
mineral
water,
orange
juice
and
apple
juice.
?
对于饮料,
我们需要更多的品种,
比如:
可乐、矿泉水、橙子汁和苹果汁。
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Students
are
hired
each
year
in
a
variety
of/varieties
of
summer
positions
across
the
Provincial
Public
Service.
?
通过省级公共服务平台学生们每年被雇用到各种各样的暑期岗位上。
③On
whether
it
is
necessary
to
create
a
parents’
WeChat
group,
the
students’
opinions
vary
from
person
to
person.
?
就是否有必要建立家长微信群,
学生们的观点不一。
“a
variety
of+复数名词”用作主语,
谓语要用复数;
“the
variety
of+复数名词”用作主语,
谓语要用单数。
5.
major
adj.
主要的;
重要的;
大的n.
主修课程;
主修学生vi.
主修;
专门研究
(2019·浙江高考)Their
victory
in
America
was
still
remembered
as
a
major
turning
point
in
the
history
of
rock
and
roll.
他们在美国的胜利仍被看作是摇滚乐历史的主要转折点。
(1)major
in
主修……;
以……为专业
(2)majority
n.
大多数;
大半
a/the
majority
of.
.
.
大多数……
in
the/a
majority
占多数
①He
inspires
me
to
major
in
English
in
college,
to
be
a
bridge
between
China
and
the
world.
?
他鼓励我在大学学习英语,
成为连接中国与世界的桥梁。
②The
majority
of
the
youths
in
China
are
positive,
compared
with
those
in
developed
countries.
?
与发达国家的青年人相比,
中国的大部分青年人都很积极。
③Among
all
the
books,
test-prep
books
are
in
the
majority,
making
up
60
percent.
?
在所有的书中,
考试倾向的书占大多数,
占60%。
the
majority单独作主语时,
谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。“the/a
majority
of+名词”作主语时,
谓语动词的数与of后面的名词保持一致。
6.
means n.
方式;
方法;
途径
(教材原句)Written
Chinese
has
also
become
an
important
means
by
which
China’s
present
is
connected
with
its
past.
汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。
by
this
means 用这种方法
by
all
means
当然可以;
一定,
务必
by
means
of
用;
依靠;
借助于
by
no
means
决不,
一点也不(放在句首时,
句子用部分倒装语序)
①If
there
is
another
chance
in
future,
I
will
try
every
possible
means
to
learn
from
you.
?
如果今后还有机会,
我将尝试每一种可能的方法向你学习。
②By
this
means,
I
can
express
myself
correctly
in
English.
?
用这种办法,
我可以正确地用英语表达我自己。
③(2020·江苏高考)By
all
means.
He
has
been
honored
as
a
master
doctor
since
the
Eastern
Han
Dynasty.
?
当然,
自东汉以来他被尊为“医圣”。
④I
don’t
see
much
talent
in
myself,
and
by
no
means
am
I
likely
to
become
a
master
like
Edison
or
Lu
Xun.
?
我没看到我自身有多少才华,
并且我决不会成为像爱迪生或者鲁迅这样的大师。
单复数同形的means
means是单复数同形的名词,
它的单复数意义取决于它的修饰词。
All
means
have
been
tried,
but
he
still
failed.
Every
means
has
been
tried,
but
he
still
failed.
一切方法都试过了,
但他还是失败了。
【知识延伸】动词mean的用法
(1)mean
doing
sth.
“意味着”,
其主语通常是指事物的词。
(2)mean
to
do
sth.
“打算或企图做某事”,
其主语通常是表示人的名词或代词,
其过去完成时表示“本来打算做某事”。
(3)mean
sb.
to
do
sth.
“打算让某人做某事”。
(4)What
do/did
you
mean
by.
.
.
?
“你……是什么意思?
”
(5)be
meant
for
“打算给予;
打算作……用”
Being
a
student
means
studying
hard.
作为一个学生,
意味着要努力学习。
We
mean
to
call
on
you
tomorrow.
我们打算明天看望你。
He
had
meant
to
leave
on
Sunday,
but
has
stayed
on.
他本来想星期天走的,
但又留了下来。
I
mean
you
to
work
as
our
spokesman.
我想请你当我们的代言人。
What
do
you
mean
by
acting
like
this?
你这样做是什么意思?
These
rooms
are
meant
for
the
children’s
centre.
这些房间是打算用作儿童活动中心的。
7.
of
great
importance
很重要
(教材原句)That
writing
system
was
of
great
importance
in
uniting
the
Chinese
people
and
culture.
那个书写体系对于中国人民与中国文化的统一具有非凡的意义。
(1)be
of
+抽象名词就等于be+这个名词的形容词
通常在
of
的后面会有形容词
great/little/much/a
lot
of
来表示程度。
(2)be
of
value=be
valuable
很有价值,
值钱
be
of
much
help=be
very
helpful
很有帮助
be
of
use=be
useful
有用处
①As
everybody
knows,
civilized
behaviors
are
of
great
importance
for
us
students.
?
正如所有人都知道的,
文明行为对于我们学生很重要。
②This
time
I
will
introduce
Tang
Poetry
to
you,
which
is
of
great
help
in
learning
Chinese.
?
这次我将向你介绍唐诗,
这对于中文学习很有帮助。
③Only
in
this
way
can
we
save
nature
and
animals,
which
are
of
great
value
to
our
human
beings.
?
只有这样我们才能拯救大自然和动物,
它们对我们人类很有价值。
8.
As
China
plays
a
greater
role
in
global
affairs,
an
increasing
number
of
international
students
are
beginning
to
appreciate
China’s
culture
and
history
through
this
amazing
language.
?
随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色,
越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言欣赏中国的文化和历史。
【句式解构】
此句中as引导时间状语从句,
意为“随着……”,
强调两个动作同时发生;
或某事一发生,
另一事立即发生。此外,
as引导时间状语从句时,
还可译为“当……的时候”“一边……一边”。
①(2020·浙江高考)
Of
course,
our
brains
can
decline
as
we
grow
older
for
lots
of
reasons.
当然,
随着年龄的增长,
我们的大脑会因为很多原因而衰退。?
②As
I
read
your
email,
I
felt
surprised,
disappointed,
and
even
a
bit
angry.
?
当我读你的邮件的时候,
我感到惊讶,
失望,
甚至有点生气。
③All
students
are
making
notes
carefully
as
they
listen
to
their
teacher.
?
所有的学生一边听老师讲,
一边认真做笔记。
【知识延伸】
1.
as引导原因状语从句,
译为“因为,
由于”,
与because的用法相近。
2.
as引导方式状语从句或比较状语从句,
译为“正如,
如同”。
3.
as引导让步状语从句,
常用倒装语序,
即把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在as之前,
译为“虽然,
尽管”。
4.
as作关系代词。
(1)引导限制性定语从句,
用在“such.
.
.
as”“the
same.
.
.
as”“as.
.
.
as”等结构中,
常译作“像……一样的人(或物)”“凡是……的人(或物)”。
(2)引导非限制性定语从句,
用来指代整个句子,
意思是“正如”。这个分句可以位于句首、句中或句末。
As
we
know,
light
travels
faster
than
sound.
正如我们所知,
光的传播速度比声音的传播速度快。(非限制性定语从句)
As
time
goes
on,
it’s
getting
warmer
and
warmer.
随着时间的推移,
天气变得越来越暖和了。(时间状语从句)
Try
as
she
might,
Sue
couldn’t
get
the
door
open.
虽然Sue想尽了办法,
但是她无法打开门。(让步状语从句)
When
in
Rome,
do
as
the
Romans
do.
入乡随俗。(方式状语从句)
I
must
stop
writing
now,
as
I
have
rather
a
lot
of
work
to
do.
我必须停笔了,
因为我还有许多工作要做。(原因状语从句)
1.
The
talks
in
Anchorage
once
again
proved
that
communication
and
dialogue
based
on
mutual
respect
can
help
the
two
sides
increase
trust
and
promote
mutually
beneficial
cooperation.
在安克雷奇举行的会谈再次证明,
在相互尊重的基础上进行沟通和对话,
有助于双方增进信任,
促进互利合作。
2.
With
the
5G
message
service,
for
instance,
consumers
don’t
have
to
download
a
variety
of
mobile
apps.
有了5G消息服务,
消费者就不必再下载各种不同的移动应用软件。
3.
Visitors
will
be
allowed
to
ascend
the
building
to
appreciate
the
full
moon
as
well
as
a
light
show
that
will
be
staged
during
the
period.
开放夜游期间,
黄鹤楼还将举办一场灯光秀,
游客将可登楼欣赏满月和灯光秀。
4.
The
term
“two
sessions”
refers
to
the
annual
full
session
of
the
NPC,
which
customarily
begins
on
March
5,
and
the
annual
plenary
session
of
the
CPPCC
National
Committee,
which
should
be
open
on
March
3.
两会指的是“全国人民代表大会会议”和“中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会会议”,
按照惯例,
分别于每年的3月5日和3月3日召开。
Ⅰ.
语段填词
1.
More
than
one
billion(十亿)
people
speak
Chinese
as
their
native(本地的)
language.
The
Chinese
writing
system(系统)
is
very
complicated.
Because
of
geographical
factors,
Chinese
has
a
variety(多样性)
of
dialects(方言).
2.
The
Chinese
calligraphy(书法)
is
one
of
the
most
important
art
forms
of
China.
Many
famous
artists
in
ancient
dynasties(朝代)
contributed
a
lot
to
the
development
of
this
art.
The
Chinese
characters(汉字)
have
special
charm.
As
China
is
playing
a
more
important
role
in
global
affairs(事务),
more
foreigners
appreciate(欣赏)
this
kind
of
beautiful
art.
3.
One
of
the
major(主要的)
factors(因素)
which
help
you
succeed
is
your
attitude(态度).
Also
you
should
base(以……为基础)
your
success
on
hard
work
and
proper
means(方法).
Ⅱ.
完成句子
1.
As
they
grow
up,
they
should
be
given
a
chance
to
be
independent.
?
随着他们成长,
应该给予他们独立的机会。
2.
The
majority
of
college
students
want
to
continue
post-graduate
studies.
?
大多数大学生想继续接受研究生教育。
3.
He
has
become
more
determined
after
going
through
so
many
ups
and
downs.
?
经历了这么多浮沉之后,
他变得更加坚定了。
4.
I
would
appreciate
it
if
you
paid
in
cash.
?
假如你支付现金的话,
我将不胜感激。
5.
The
magazine
is
not
a
new
one,
dating
back
to
the
1930s
at
least.
?
这杂志不是新的,
至少可以追溯到20世纪30年代。
6.
Besides,
watching
Chinese
movies
and
TV
series
will
also
be
of
great
help.
?
除此之外,
看中文电影和电视剧也会很有帮助。
7.
No
matter
how
ordinary
a
job
is,
it
plays
a
great
role
in
society.
?
一份工作无论多么普通,
它都在我们的社会中起着重要作用。
Ⅲ.
结合课文主题,
使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇80词左右的短文
1.
无论你出国去哪里,
你都要和当地人交流,
因此,
外语就很重要了。(no
matter
where;
be
of+名词)
2.
当谈到外语的时候,
我们中大部分人认为它指的就是英语,
英语被认为是国际语言。(refer
to;
regard)
3.
基于哈佛大学开展的一项调查,
全世界大约30亿人会说英语。(based
on,
billion)
4.
因此,
英语在世界范围内的交流中起着非常重要的作用。(play
an
important
role)
No
matter
where
you
go
out
of
your
own
country,
you
should
communicate
with
the
locals,
so
a
foreign
language
is
of
great
importance.
When
it
comes
to
a
foreign
language,
most
of
us
think
that
it
refers
to
English,
which
is
regarded
as
an
international
language.
Based
on
a
survey
carried
out
by
Harvard
University,
about
3
billion
people
around
the
world
can
speak
English.
So,
English
plays
a
very
important
role
in
communication
around
the
world.
?
选词填空
major
in,
date
back
to,
by
means
of,
all
the
way,
a
variety
of,
play
an
important
role
in,
ups
and
downs
1.
Our
life
has
its
ups
and
downs
and
we
need
someone
to
ride
with
us.
?
2.
She
could
not
speak,
but
she
made
her
wishes
known
by
means
of
signs.
?
3.
As
everyone
knows,
she
plays
an
important
role
in
our
organization.
?
4.
He
decided
that
he
would
drive
all
the
way
home
instead
of
putting
up
at
a
hotel
for
the
night.
?
5.
We
visited
a
temple
which
dates
back
to
2,
000
years
ago.
?
6.
I
hope
to
acquire
a
bit
more
knowledge
of
nursing
because
I
want
to
major
in
nursing
in
college.
?
7.
There
are
a
variety
of
theme
parks
in
the
world,
where
you
can
have
fun.
?
PAGE
-
23
-单元素养培优(六)
Unit
5
Ⅰ.
单词拼写
1.
Australians
are
justly
proud
of
their
native(当地的)
wildlife.
2.
They’ve
spent
nearly
a
billion
(十亿)
dollars
on
the
research
already.
3.
What
is
the
specific(确切的)
aim
of
your
working
so
hard?
4.
Despite(尽管)
the
bad
weather,
she
still
worked
in
the
field.
5.
The
main
factor
(因素)
in
deciding
whether
or
not
to
do
so
is
the
size
of
your
project.
6.
Mandela
has
become
a
symbol
(象征)
of
the
blacks
fighting
against
the
whites
in
South
Africa.
7.
There
are
two
mainly
different
political
parties
to
play
an
important
part
in
the
state
affairs
(事务)
in
this
country.
8.
The
majority
of
us
feel
worried
if
we
walk
through
a
subway
(地铁).
9.
Most
of
the
apartments(公寓)in
the
high-rise
building
have
heat
in
winter.
10.
China
has
always
insisted
that
all
countries,
big
or
small,
should
be
equal(平等的).
Ⅱ.
单句语法填空
1.
This
is
an
old
building
dating(date)
back
to
the
14th
century.
2.
They
joined
us
in
the
discussion
on
how
to
stop
global
(globe)
warming.
3.
Beijing
is
filled
with
people
from
varieties(variety)
of
parts
of
China.
4.
I
would
appreciate
it
if
you
can
recommend
a
pen
pal
to
me.
5.
He
graduated
from
Taiwan
University
in
1952,
majoring(major)
in
Foreign
Language.
6.
I
wrote
down
the
name
and
phone
number
of
the
hotel
for
future
reference(refer).
7.
My
teacher
demanded
that
the
papers
(should)
be
handed(hand)
in
in
40
minutes.
?
8.
I
think
that
your
advice
is
of
great
importance
for
my
English
study.
9.
Some
friends
suggest
I
watch
movies
based(base)
on
the
books
instead.
Ⅲ.
选词填空
refer
to,
ups
and
downs,
date
back
to,
relate
to,
play
an
important
role
in,
all
the
way,
lead
to,
point
of
view,
be
based
on
1.
What
he
said
at
the
meeting
didn’t
refer
to
you.
?
2.
Robots
are
playing
an
important
role
in
industrial
production.
?
3.
We
plan
to
put
on
a
play
named
Alice
in
Wonderland,
which
is
based
on
a
movie
of
the
same
title.
?
4.
Generally
speaking,
we
will
experience
ups
and
downs
before
we
succeed.
?
5.
As
far
as
I
know,
most
of
the
Great
Wall
dates
back
to
the
Ming
Dynasty.
?
6.
Long-term
stress(压力)
can
lead
to
a
variety
of
serious
mental
illnesses.
?
7.
Breathing
the
fresh
air,
we
three
talked
and
laughed
all
the
way.
?
8.
This
law
relates
to
our
daily
life.
?
9.
From
my
point
of
view,
we
should
do
some
voluntary
work
in
our
free
time.
?
Ⅳ.
用本单元的语法知识填空
1.
This
was
a
period
when
we
Chinese
went
through
a
lot
of
sufferings.
2.
The
gas
without
which
we
cannot
live
is
called
oxygen.
3.
I
will
never
forget
the
scene
where
you
risked(冒险)
your
life
to
save
the
injured.
4.
Paul’s
friend
didn’t
know
the
real
reason
for
which
he
looked
so
sad
today.
5.
The
picture
always
reminds
me
of
the
moments
which/that
we
spent
together
in
the
high
school.
6.
They
explained
the
way
to
us
which/that
can
greatly
reduce
energy
waste.
7.
I
don’t
know
the
reason
why
he
didn’t
turn
to
his
good
friend
for
help
yesterday.
8.
Yesterday
we
visited
the
Baotu
Spring
for
which
Jinan
is
famous.
Ⅴ.
阅读理解
A
(2021·余姚高一检测)
If
English
means
endless
new
words,
difficult
grammar
and
sometimes
strange
pronunciation,
you
are
wrong.
Haven’t
you
noticed
that
you
have
become
smarter
since
you
started
to
learn
a
language?
According
to
a
new
study
by
a
British
university,
learning
a
second
language
can
lead
to
an
increase
in
your
brain
power.
Researchers
found
that
learning
other
languages
changes
grey
matter.
This
is
the
area
of
the
brain
which
processes
information.
It
is
similar
to
the
way
that
exercise
builds
muscles.
The
study
also
found
the
effect
is
greater
when
the
younger
people
learn
a
second
language.
A
team
led
by
Dr.
Andrea
Mechelli,
from
London
University,
took
a
group
of
Britain
people
who
only
spoke
English.
They
were
compared
with
a
group
of
“early
bilinguals”
who
had
learnt
a
second
language
before
the
age
of
five,
as
well
as
a
number
of
later
learners.
Scans
showed
that
grey
matter
density
in
the
brain
was
greater
in
bilinguals
than
in
people
without
a
second
language.
But
the
longer
a
person
waited
before
mastering
a
new
language,
the
smaller
the
difference
was.
“Our
findings
suggest
that
the
structure
of
the
brain
is
changed
by
the
experience
of
learning
a
second
language,
”
said
the
scientists.
It
means
that
the
change
itself
increases
the
ability
to
learn.
Professor
Dylan
Vaughan
Jones
of
the
University
of
Wales
has
researched
the
link
between
bilingualism
and
math
skill.
“Having
two
languages
gives
you
two
windows
on
the
world
and
makes
the
brain
more
flexible,
”
he
said.
“You
are
actually
going
beyond
language
and
have
a
better
understanding
of
different
ideas.
”
The
findings
were
matched
in
a
study
of
native
Italian
speakers
who
had
learned
English
as
a
second
language
between
the
ages
of
2
and
34.
Reading,
writing
and
comprehension
were
all
tested.
The
results
showed
that
the
younger
they
started
to
learn,
the
better.
“Studying
a
language
means
you
get
an
entrance
to
another
world,
”
explained
the
scientists.
【文章大意】研究显示,
学习一门外语能够增强脑力,
增强人的学习能力,
这是因为学习外语改变了大脑的灰质,
大脑灰质负责对信息的处理。研究还发现,
越早学习一门外语,
学习能力越强。
1.
What’s
the
main
subject
talked
about
in
this
passage?
A.
Science
on
learning
a
second
language.
B.
Man’s
ability
of
learning
a
second
language.
C.
Language
can
help
brain
power.
D.
Language
learning
and
math
study.
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。由第二段可知,
根据英国一所大学的一项新研究,
学习第二语言可以提高你的脑力。结合下文,
通过一些科学研究和科学家的实验都证明了这个观点。所以本文主要讨论的主题是语言有助于增强脑力。故选C。
2.
In
the
second
paragraph,
the
writer
mentions
“exercise”
in
order
to
.
?
A.
say
language
is
also
a
kind
of
physical
labor
B.
prove
that
one
needs
more
practice
when
he/she
is
learning
a
language
C.
show
the
importance
of
using
the
language
when
you
learn
the
language
D.
make
people
believe
language
learning
helps
grey
matter
work
well
【解析】选D。推理判断题。由第二段可知,
研究人员发现,
学习其他语言会改变大脑的灰质。这是大脑中处理信息的区域,
这与锻炼肌肉的方式类似。作者认为语言学习对大脑的促进作用和锻炼对肌肉的促进作用一样,
即只要学习一门语言就会促进大脑灰质发挥作用。由此推知,
在第二段中作者提到“exercise”是为了让人们相信,
语言学习促进大脑灰质很好地发挥它的作用。故选D。
3.
What
can
we
learn
from
the
last
two
paragraphs?
A.
Learning
a
second
language
is
the
same
as
studying
math.
B.
Early
learning
of
a
second
language
helps
you
a
great
deal
in
study
other
subjects.
C.
Italian
is
the
best
choice
for
you
as
a
second
language.
D.
We’d
better
choose
the
ages
between
2
and
34
to
learn
a
second
language.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。由最后一段可知,
研究人员对以意大利语为母语,
在2岁至34岁之间将英语作为第二语言的人进行了调查。他们对阅读、写作和理解都进行了测试。结果表明,
他们越早学习一门语言,
对学习其他科目的效果就越好。所以通过研究结果可以判断出,
作者想告诉我们,
早些学习一门语言对学习其他科目有很大帮助。故选B。
B
(2021·青岛高一检测)
Online,
English
has
become
a
common
language
for
users
from
around
the
world.
In
the
process,
the
language
itself
is
changing.
There
are
now
thought
to
be
some
4.
5
billion
web
pages
worldwide.
Some
language
experts
predict
that
within
10
years
English
will
occupy
the
Internet
—
but
in
forms
it
is
very
different
to
what
we
accept
and
recognize
as
English
today.
That’s
because
people
who
speak
English
as
a
second
language
already
outnumber
native
speakers.
And
increasingly,
they
use
it
to
communicate
with
other
non-native
speakers,
particularly
on
the
Internet
where
less
attention
is
paid
to
grammar
and
spelling
and
users
don’t
have
to
worry
about
their
accent
(口音).
Users
of
Facebook
already
socialize
in
a
number
of
different
“Englishes”
including
Indian
English,
Spanish
English
and
Korean
English.
While
these
different
styles
have
long
existed
within
their
cultures,
they’re
now
expanding
and
coming
online.
Technology
companies
are
introducing
newly-developed
English
words
with
products
aimed
at
enabling
users
to
add
words
that
are
not
already
in
the
English
dictionary.
And
most
large
companies
have
English
websites,
while
smaller
businesses
are
learning
that
they
need
a
common
language
—
English
—
to
reach
global
customers.
The
increasing
popularity
of
the
Internet
allows
more
languages
to
develop
quickly.
“Most
people
actually
speak
several
languages—it’s
less
common
to
only
speak
one,
”
says
Mr
Munro.
“English
has
taken
its
place
as
the
world’s
common
language,
but
it’s
not
pushing
out
other
languages.
”
Instead,
other
languages
are
pushing
their
way
into
English,
and
in
the
process
creating
something
new.
【文章大意】英语在网上应用频繁,
在这个过程中语言在改变,
专家预测10年内,
英语会在网上占主要地位,
但形式会与现在的英语不同。
4.
What
does
the
text
mainly
talk
about?
A.
English
is
a
common
language
around
the
world.
B.
There
are
now
many
different
language
styles.
C.
English
language
is
developing
with
the
Internet.
D.
Smaller
businesses
are
learning
a
common
language.
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。由第一段可知,
在网上,
英语成为世界范围内用户的普遍语言。在这个过程中,
语言自己也在改变。现在有45亿网页。一些专家预测在10年内,
英语会占据网络,
但形式会与我们现在接受和认为的英语不同。由此可以推断出文章谈论的是英语随着网络的发展。故选C。
5.
Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
true
about
online
communication?
A.
People
need
to
spell
exactly.
B.
Grammar
is
not
so
important.
C.
People
do
not
care
about
their
accent.
D.
Most
English-speakers
are
not
native
speakers.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。由第二段可知,
逐渐地,
他们使用英语与非本地人交流,
尤其是在网上,
语法、拼写和口音都不必太在意。由此可以看出:
网上交流时,
人们不需要拼写完全正确也可以。故在网上交流时“人们需要准确拼写”与原文不符。故选A。
6.
What
can
we
infer
from
the
text?
A.
We
can
only
communicate
online
in
English.
B.
It’s
impossible
to
find
all
the
English
words
in
the
dictionary.
C.
Some
technology
companies
start
to
publish
English
dictionaries.
D.
Smaller
businesses
are
not
allowed
to
have
English
websites.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第三段可知,
因为产品,
技术公司会介绍新发展的英语单词,
这是为了用户能理解英语字典中没有的单词。所以,
不可能在字典中查到所有的单词。故选B。
7.
What
can
we
learn
from
what
Mr
Munro
said?
A.
The
other
languages
are
enriching
English.
B.
One
can’t
live
well
without
speaking
several
languages.
C.
English
will
become
the
only
language
in
the
world.
D.
Chinese
used
to
be
the
world’s
common
language.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。由最后一段中的“other
languages
are
pushing
their
way
into
English,
and
in
the
process
creating
something
new.
”可知,
其他语言在进入英语,
在这个过程中创造了一些新的东西。也就是说其他的语言与英语融合,
丰富了英语,
故选A。
C
(2021·桂林高一检测)
When
Faith
Wanjiku
graduated
from
the
Technical
University
of
Kenya
last
year,
she
immediately
enrolled
(注册)
at
the
Confucius
Institute
in
Kenyatta
University.
She
wanted
to
learn
Chinese,
as
she
believed
that
it
would
help
her
land
a
good
job.
She
has
just
completed
the
Hanyu
Shuiping
Kaoshi
(HSK)
3
exam.
HSK
is
a
test
of
Chinese
language
level
for
non-native
speakers,
organized
by
the
Confucius
Institute
Headquarters.
However,
this
level
isn’t
enough
for
Wanjiku,
who
plans
to
pass
HSK
6.
She
wanted
to
increase
her
level
of
Chinese
and
improve
her
spoken
Chinese.
And
Wanjiku
isn’t
alone.
The
number
of
people
taking
the
HSK
reached
6.
8
million
in
2018
and
went
up
4.
6
percent
from
a
year
earlier,
the
Ministry
of
Education
said
on
May
31.
?
Chinese
is
becoming
an
increasingly
popular
choice
of
language
to
study
around
the
world.
Currently,
middle
school
students
in
Russia
can
take
Chinese
as
an
elective
language
test
in
the
country’s
national
college
entrance
exam,
Sputnik
News
reported.
In
May,
Zambia
became
the
fourth
country
in
Africa—after
Kenya,
Uganda
and
South
Africa—to
introduce
Chinese
language
to
its
schools.
And
many
English-speaking
countries
have
shown
an
interest
in
allowing
their
students
to
learn
Chinese.
The
US
government
announced
the
launch
of
“1
Million
Strong”
in
2015,
a
plan
that
aims
to
bring
the
total
number
of
learners
of
Chinese
to
l
million
by
2020.
Behind
the
growing
popularity
of
Chinese
language
learning
is
the
international
community’s
positive
attitude
toward
China’s
future
development,
as
well
as
the
people’s
longing
to
learn
about
Chinese
civilization
and
culture.
Indeed,
it’s
as
the
former
president
of
South
Africa
Nelson
Mandela
put
it,
“if
you
talk
to
a
man
in
a
language
he
understands,
that
goes
to
his
head.
If
you
talk
to
him
in
his
own
language,
that
goes
to
his
heart.
”
【文章大意】Wanjiku毕业后想学汉语。HSK是由孔子学院总部组织的针对非母语人士的汉语水平测试。汉语正成为世界各地越来越受欢迎的语言学习选择。
8.
What
did
Wanjiku
do
after
graduating
from
university?
A.
She
went
abroad.
B.
She
learned
Chinese.
C.
She
found
a
job.
D.
She
travelled
to
China.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中She
wanted
to
learn
Chinese,
as
she
believed
that
it
would
help
her
land
a
good
job.
“她想学汉语,
因为她相信这会帮助她找到一份好工作。”可知,
毕业后Wanjiku想学汉语。故选B。
9.
HSK
is
a
test
for
.
?
A.
non-native
speakers
B.
native
speakers
C.
middle
school
students
D.
college
students
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中HSK
is
a
test
of
Chinese
language
level
for
non-native
speakers,
organized
by
the
Confucius
Institute
Headquarters.
“HSK是由孔子学院总部组织的针对非母语人士的汉语水平测试。”可知,
汉语水平考试是一项针对非母语人士的考试。故选A。
10.
What
does
the
underlined
sentence
mean?
A.
Wanjiku
has
lots
of
friends.
B.
Lots
of
people
want
to
pass
HSK6
exam.
C.
Wanjiku
has
passed
HSK3
exam.
D.
Many
people
want
to
live
in
China.
【解析】选B。句意猜测题。根据第三段中The
number
of
people
taking
the
HSK
reached
6.
8
million
in
2018
and
went
up
4.
6
percent
from
a
year
earlier,
the
Ministry
of
Education
said
on
May
31.
“教育部5月31日表示,
2018年参加HSK考试的人数达到680万,
同比增长4.
6%。”由此推知,
画线句子的意思是“很多人都想通过HSK6考试。”故选B。
11.
What
may
be
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.
Chinese
Language
Study
Takes
Off
B.
Chinese
Plays
an
Important
Role
in
Economy
C.
People
Share
the
Experience
of
Learning
Chinese
D.
Different
Opinions
about
the
Function
of
Chinese
【解析】选A。标题归纳题。根据第四段可知,
汉语正成为世界各地越来越受欢迎的语言学习选择。根据俄罗斯卫星新闻报道,
目前,
俄罗斯的中学生可以在全国大学入学考试中选修汉语。由此可知,
汉语学习正在腾飞。故选A。
Ⅵ.
完形填空
(2021·重庆高一检测)
My
daughter
loved
dance,
until
she
didn’t.
After
a(n)
1
first
year,
I
noticed
her
interest
disappearing
week
by
week.
Then,
one
day,
she
slowly
2
to
me
before
class
and
asked
if
she
could
just
drop
it.
?
My
first
reaction
was
to
3
her
to
“finish
what
you
start”.
After
all,
sticking
with
something
difficult
can
teach
determination,
discipline
and
4 .
But
watching
my
first-grader
drag
(勉强)
herself
into
each
ballet
position,
I
started
to
5
how
much
that
“blanket
advice”
meant.
Is
it
really
in
my
kid’s
best
interest,
or
even
practical,
to
make
her
stick
to
every
promise
through
until
she
reaches
a
bitter
6 ?
What
if
there
are
different
but
7
valuable
qualities,
which
can
be
gained
by
giving
up
the
things
that
are
not
right
for
her?
?
With
the
winter
show
coming
near,
I
realized
she
needed
to
either
drop
her
class
or
devote
herself
to
it.
After
a
few
days’
8 ,
she
decided
dance
wasn’t
for
her
—
a(n)
9
I
supported.
Quitting
is
never
a
black-and-white
problem.
Sometimes,
it
means
10
a
barrier
in
your
way
to
love
something
else.
In
my
daughter’s
case,
ending
dance
made
space
for
her
new
11 ,
such
as
horseback
riding
and
Girl
Scouts.
She’s
into
them
for
now,
but
it
is
okay
if
that
still
changes.
?
As
adults,
we
are
used
to
12
the
power
of
saying
yes,
but
what
about
saying
no?
The
ability
to
recognize
when
something
isn’t
a(n)
13
investment
(投资)
of
our
time
or
energy
is
also
important.
As
my
daughter
gets
older,
I
want
her
to
feel
confident
to
14
something
that’s
no
longer
meeting
her
needs.
She
shouldn’t
be
held
back
by
the
thought
that
she
must
15
something
at
any
cost
simply
because
she
has
started.
?
【文章大意】文章主要通过讲述作者让女儿学习舞蹈这件事告诉我们要懂得适时放弃,
才能更好追求适合自己的。而且家长还要尊重孩子的喜好。
1.
A.
annoying
B.
independent
C.
enthusiastic
D.
confusing
【解析】选C。句意:
第一年她很热情,
之后我注意到她的兴趣一点点地减退。
annoying
令人恼火的;
independent
独立的;
enthusiastic
热情的;
confusing
令人困惑的。根据前文“My
daughter
loved
dance,
until
she
didn’t”以及后文“I
noticed
her
interest
disappearing
week
by
week.
”可知女儿开始是喜欢舞蹈的,
后来兴趣才慢慢减退,
所以开始的一年应该是有热情的,
故选C。
2.
A.
ran
B.
jumped
C.
climbed
D.
walked
【解析】选D。句意:
然后,
有一天,
她在上课前慢慢地走到我面前,
问我是否可以不跳舞。空格前有副词slowly“慢慢地”修饰,
而且女儿是想要征求作者同意放弃跳舞,
内心也是紧张不安的,
所以应该是慢慢走到作者跟前,
故选D。
3.
A.
advise
B.
invite
C.
allow
D.
order
【解析】选A。句意:
我的第一反应是建议她:
“完成你开始做的事”。根据第5空后“how
much
that
‘blanket
advice’
meant”,
可知,
作者开始质疑这个意见的意义,
所以上文作者给女儿的是建议,
这里的“advice”为提示词,
故选A。
4.
A.
worry
B.
confidence
C.
fright
D.
kindness
【解析】选B。句意:
毕竟,
坚持做一些困难的事情可以培养毅力、纪律和信心。一般来说,
坚持做困难的事,
会培养人的毅力,
增强信心,
带来的是积极方面的改变,
结合选项,
故选B。
5.
A.
answer
B.
question
C.
agree
D.
accept
【解析】选B。句意:
但看着我的这个一年级学生勉强做出每一个芭蕾舞姿势,
我开始质疑这个“笼统的建议”到底有多少意义。看着自己的女儿这么不情愿跳舞,
作者肯定会怀疑自己当初让女儿坚持的这个建议究竟有多少意义。结合选项,
故选B。
6.
A.
end
B.
space
C.
side
D.
direction
【解析】选A。句意:
让她坚持每一个承诺,
直到她走到痛苦的尽头,
这真的对我的孩子最有利吗?
分析句子结构,
所填名词应与之前动词reach搭配,
reach
the
bitter
end,
“到达痛苦的终点”,
而且一般来说,
既然stick
to“坚持”,
就要坚持到最后。作者是在反思让女儿这么不情愿地坚持跳舞到最后,
真的是可取的吗?
结合选项,
故选A。
7.
A.
partly
B.
hardly
C.
equally
D.
obviously
【解析】选C。句意:
如果有不同但同样有价值的品质,
这些品质可以通过放手不适合她的事情来获得,
那会怎样呢?
partly
部分地;
hardly几乎不;
equally
同等地;
obviously
明显地。空格是副词来修饰形容词valuable,
根据句意和语境可知,
作者在这里将舞蹈与其他技能相对比:
不同但价值等同,
结合选项,
故选C。
8.
A.
description
B.
consideration
C.
observation
D.
imagination
【解析】选B。句意:
经过几天的考虑,
她认为跳舞不适合她——我支持这个选择。description
描述;
consideration
考虑;
observation
观察;
imagination
想象。根据上文“With
the
winter
show
coming
near,
I
realized
she
needed
to
either
drop
her
class
or
devote
herself
to
it.
”,
可知,
作者意识到女儿需要选择是放弃舞蹈还是全身心地跳下去。结合选项,
女儿是经过几天的考虑,
作出了选择,
故选B。
9.
A.
challenge
B.
chance
C.
choice
D.
failure
【解析】选C。challenge
挑战;
chance
机会;
choice
选择;
failure
失败。根据“she
decided
dance
wasn’t
for
her”可知,
女儿决定不再跳舞,
这是她做出的选择,
故选C。
10.
A.
setting
B.
forgetting
C.
building
D.
clearing
【解析】选D。句意:
有时候,
这意味着扫除你培养其他爱好路上的障碍。根据上文可知,
女儿放弃跳舞,
下文中“ending
dance
made
space
for
her
new ”,
结束舞蹈为她新的爱好腾地儿了,
这句话的made
space“腾出空间”与clear
barrier“清理障碍物”含义一致,
故选D。?
11.
A.
ideas
B.
camps
C.
courses
D.
hobbies
【解析】选D。句意:
在我女儿这件事中,
结束舞蹈为她新的爱好腾出空间了,
比如骑马和参加女童子军。根据上文女儿放弃舞蹈,
去追求的应该是自己喜欢的,
而且空格后的例子是骑马和参加女童子军,
再结合选项,
应该指的是爱好,
故选D。
12.
A.
warning
B.
doubting
C.
stressing
D.
ignoring
【解析】选C。句意:
作为成年人,
我们习惯于强调说“是”的力量,
但说“不”呢?
结合上文,
我们常常劝孩子坚持一件事,
不管是否喜欢,
都不愿意选择放弃,
再结合下文“The
ability
to
recognize
when
something
isn’t
a(n) investment
of
our
time
or
energy
is
also
important.
”知道什么时候不适合投入我们的时间和精力也很重要,
也就是说“不”的能力也重要,
空格前后两句用“but”连接,
表示转折关系,
所以我们强调的是“是”的力量,
故选C。?
13.
A.
suitable
B.
unfair
C.
extra
D.
informal
【解析】选A。句意:
意识到什么时候不适合投入我们的时间和精力也很重要。
suitable
合适的;
unfair
不公平的;
extra
额外的;
informal
非正式的。根据前文“saying
no”可知,
我们要重视说“不”的力量,
所以这里应是指要知道哪些是不合适的时间投资和精力投入,
然后说“不”。故选A。
14.
A.
hold
B.
quit
C.
value
D.
accept
【解析】选B。句意:
随着我女儿的成长,
我希望她能自信地放弃一些不再满足她需求的东西。
hold
拿着;
quit
放弃;
value
珍惜;
accept
接受。空格后宾语是不再满足她需要的东西,
再结合上文要对不适合投入的事情“saying
no”,
结合选项意思,
故选B。
15.
A.
spare
B.
change
C.
admit
D.
finish
【解析】选D。句意:
她不应该因为已经开始就认为必须不惜任何代价完成某件事而裹足不前。根据前文“finish
what
you
start”完成你已经开始做的,
此句是说不应该因为已经开始就认为必须不惜任何代价完成某件事。用finish与前面的start相呼应。故选D。
Ⅶ.
语法填空
A
week
ago,
when
I
went
down
the
stairs,
my
neighbor
Ivy
stood
at
her
door.
She
asked
me
why
I
had
stopped
1.
(visit)
her
family,
as
they
had
been
waiting
for
me
to
come
to
play
with
them.
I
didn’t
want
to
tell
her
the
fact
because
my
dad
and
mom
2.
(warn)
me
of
the
danger
of
going
into
a
neighbor’s
house.
?
3.
(final),
I
decided
to
follow
her
into
her
house
because
my
dad
and
mom
were
going
on
their
business
at
that
time.
I
wanted
to
find
out
the
“danger”
4.
my
own.
There
were
four
people
in
her
family—Ivy,
her
mother,
her
husband,
and
her
son
5.
was
two
years
and
a
half
6.
(young)
than
me.
I
played
with
her
son
all
the
afternoon
and
we
kept
laughing
and
shouting.
I
was
so
happy
that
I
even
forgot
7.
time.
Ivy
invited
me
8.
(have)
dinner
with
them.
I
just
couldn’t
refuse
her
and
we
had
another
good
time
while
having
dinner.
?
I
9.
(want)
to
tell
my
parents
of
the
truth
that
I
didn’t
find
the
“danger”
in
our
neighbor’s
house.
Instead,
what
I
really
got
were
10.
(kind)
and
warmth
from
the
whole
family.
?
【文章大意】主要记叙了作者一周前不顾爸爸妈妈的警告,
进入了邻居Ivy的家里,
作者和她的儿子玩了一下午,
一直有说有笑甚至忘了时间。最后与他们一起共进晚餐。作者想要告诉父母自己并没有在邻居的房子里发现“危险”。相反,
真正得到的是来自整个家庭的温暖和善良。
1.
【解析】visiting。考查非谓语动词。根据短语stop
doing
sth.
表示“停止做某事”。故填visiting。
2.
【解析】had
warned。考查时态。句意:
因为我的爸爸妈妈之前警告过我去邻居家的危险。作者去邻居家是过去时,
之前爸爸妈妈的警告应用过去完成时。故填had
warned。
3.
【解析】Finally。考查副词。修饰后文整个句子应用副词finally,
表示“最后”,
句首字母要大写。故填Finally。
4.
【解析】on。考查介词。根据短语on
one’s
own表示“独自地”。故填on。
5.
【解析】who/that。考查定语从句。此处为定语从句修饰先行词son,
且先行词在从句中作主语,
指人,
故用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。
6.
【解析】younger。考查比较级。根据后文than
me可知应用形容词比较级。故填younger。
7.
【解析】the。考查冠词。句意:
我很高兴,
甚至忘记了时间。此处time
“时间”为特指,
应用定冠词the。故填the。
8.
【解析】to
have。考查非谓语动词。根据短语invite
sb.
to
do
sth.
表示“邀请某人做某事”,
后跟不定式。故填to
have。
9.
【解析】wanted。考查时态。句意:
我想要告诉爸爸妈妈的事实是并没有在邻居家的房子里发现“危险”。作者想要告诉爸爸妈妈是过去发生的事且整篇时态为过去时。故填wanted。
10.
【解析】kindness。考查名词。根据后文and
warmth可知应填名词kindness,
表示“善良”。故填kindness。
Ⅷ.
读后续写
阅读下面材料,
根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,
使之构成一篇完整的短文。
For
many
years
I
have
been
feeling
pity
for
orphans(孤儿).
They
lack
the
love
of
their
parents
and
need
the
love
and
help
of
others.
So
I
am
doing
what
I
can
to
help
them.
I
visited
them
many
times
to
experience
their
daily
life.
Three
years
ago
I
even
lived
with
the
orphans
on
the
street.
These
kids
would
mostly
beg
through
the
day
to
buy
some
food
for
themselves
or
eat
the
food
given
to
them
by
the
people
passing
by.
One
unusual
incident
happened
during
my
second
week
of
staying
with
them
on
the
sidewalk.
I
sat
with
them
and
shared
the
meal
I
had
bought
for
them
from
a
nearby
restaurant.
They
sat
with
me
in
a
circle
and
happily
started
eating.
Suddenly
one
of
them,
a
twelve-year-old
boy,
caught
my
hand,
looked
at
me
and
removed
my
watch.
I
neither
refused
nor
said
a
word.
This
boy
suddenly
ran
away
with
my
watch,
and
I
continued
eating
the
meal
without
turning
around
to
see
where
the
little
boy
ran
with
my
watch.
After
about
forty-five
minutes
he
showed
up
and
sat
beside
me
again.
I
just
looked
at
him
and
smiled
without
saying
anything
about
the
watch.
The
little
boy
took
a
small
packet
from
his
pocket,
opened
it,
had
a
bite
of
the
bread
and
offered
the
same
bread
to
me.
I
took
it
and
ate
it
willingly.
As
soon
as
I
finished
eating
the
bread,
a
smile
appeared
on
his
face.
Slowly
he
put
his
hand
in
his
pocket
and
returned
my
watch.
I
smiled
at
him
and
wore
my
watch
once
again.
The
little
boy
later
on
told
me
that
I
passed
the
test.
注意:
续写词数应为150个左右。
I
was
a
little
surprised
and
asked
him
what
test
I
passed.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Then
I
asked
him
why
he
gave
me
food
to
eat.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
I
was
a
little
surprised
and
asked
him
what
test
I
passed.
He
told
me
that
he
took
the
watch
and
ran
away
to
see
my
reaction
and
for
that
good
forty-five
minutes
he
was
hiding
in
a
building
and
watching
my
expressions.
He
said
that
I
simply
kept
quiet.
There
was
no
sign
of
anger
or
disappointment
on
my
face.
Nor
did
I
start
to
catch
up
with
him
angrily.
He
said
that
meant
I
was
generous
and
regarded
him
as
one
of
my
family
members.
Then
I
asked
him
why
he
gave
me
food
to
eat.
He
told
me
that
when
I
gave
them
something
to
eat,
they
ate
happily
so
he
wanted
to
see
whether
I
was
happy
to
eat
what
he
gave
me.
I
happily
ate
the
food
he
gave
me
in
his
presence.
He
was
greatly
moved
and
felt
that
I
did
not
mind
his
dirt.
I
am
one
of
them.
I
realized
these
kids
are
hungry
for
love
and
trust.
阅读理解
(2021·济宁高一检测)
After
traveling
ten
years
and
hundreds
of
millions
of
kilometers,
a
small
probe
(探测器)
called
Philae
has
for
the
first
time
landed
on
the
surface
of
a
comet,
a
solar
system
object
made
of
ice
and
rock.
Philae
was
sent
from
the
European
Space
Agency’s
main
Rosetta
spaceship
early
Wednesday,
November
12,
2014.
Originally,
the
mission
of
the
spaceship
was
to
target
Comet
46P
but
when
the
launch
was
delayed
due
to
problems
with
the
Ariane
5
launch
vehicle,
the
mission
was
redirected
to
Comet
67P,
to
study
the
appearance
and
materials
that
make
up
Comet
67P.
The
Philae
research
probe
left
its
mother
ship
Rosetta
and
then
began
a
trip
toward
the
comet
and
landed
on
its
surface
hours
later.
The
effort
to
land
on
the
comet
was
considered
dangerous
because
just
before
the
planned
landing,
scientists
identified
problems
in
Philae’s
active
descent
system
thruster
(推进器)
used
to
land
the
probe.
Rosetta
has
been
orbiting
Comet
67P
since
August
2014.
However,
it
was
sent
up
into
space
in
March
of
2004.
The
spaceship
circled
the
sun
until
it
was
in
position
to
meet
with
the
comet.
Comets
are
the
most
primitive
(原始的)
objects
in
the
solar
system.
Scientists
think
that
they
have
kept
a
record
of
the
physical
and
chemical
processes
that
occurred
during
the
early
period
when
planets
were
formed.
By
studying
Comet
67P’s
make-up
and
history,
scientists
wish
to
unlock
the
secret
of
the
solar
system
and
even
the
origin
of
human
lives.
The
Philae
probe
did
a
series
of
scientific
experiments.
Philae
examined
the
materials
that
make
up
the
comet
looking
for
organic,
or
carbon-based
materials,
and
inorganic
materials.
It
lasted
until
March
2015,
when
the
comet
was
too
close
to
the
sun
and
the
surface
temperature
was
too
high
for
Philae
to
operate.
【文章大意】短文报道了一个名为Philae航天器历史性着陆彗星的事件。
1.
What
was
Rosetta
launched
to
do?
A.
To
send
Philae
to
Comet
67P
safely.
B.
To
study
the
appearance
of
Comet
46P.
C.
To
collect
information
about
Comet
67P.
D.
To
research
on
the
make-up
of
the
solar
system.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段可知,
此项任务改为降落到67P号彗星,
研究67P号彗星的外观和物质构成。由此判断出发射Rosetta是为了收集彗星67P的信息。故选C。
2.
Why
was
it
hard
for
Philae
to
land
on
Comet
67P?
A.
Due
to
technological
issues.
B.
As
a
result
of
power
failure.
C.
Because
of
lack
of
experience.
D.
Due
to
problems
in
radio
systems.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段可知,
登陆彗星的努力被认为是危险的,
因为就在计划的着陆之前,
科学家们发现了Philae用于着陆探测器的主动下降系统推进器存在问题。由此可知,
为什么“Philae”很难在67P彗星上着陆是由于技术问题。故选A。
3.
What
do
scientists
think
of
the
research
on
comets?
A.
Challenging.
B.
Satisfying.
C.
Meaningful.
D.
Impractical.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知,
通过研究67P彗星的组成和历史,
科学家们希望解开太阳系的秘密,
甚至人类生命的起源。由此判断出,
科学家认为对彗星的研究是有意义的。故选C。
4.
What
may
be
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.
Philae
landing
on
Comet
67P
B.
Another
comet
found
in
space
C.
One
step
further
in
geography
research
D.
Great
improvement
in
spaceship
design
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。本文主要报道了一个名为Philae航天器历史性着陆彗星的事件。故选A。
PAGE
-
16
-Unit
5
Languages
Around
the
World
Listening
and
Talking?
Reading
for
Writing?
Explore
different
kinds
of
English
Ⅰ.
话题句式
1.
Do
you
mean
trousers?
你说的是裤子吗?
2.
I’m
sorry.
What
does
the
word
“pants”
mean?
抱歉,
pants一词是什么意思?
3.
How
do
you
pronounce
the
word
“travel”?
你怎么读travel这个单词?
4.
I’m
sorry.
Would
you
mind
repeating
the
word
“despite”?
抱歉,
你介意重复一下despite这个词吗?
5.
I
beg
your
pardon?
你能重新说一遍吗?
Ⅱ.
情境交际(听录音补全对话)
As
many
countries
speak
English
as
1.
a
first
language,
there
are
many
different
kinds
of
English
around
the
world:
British
English,
2.
American
English,
Australian
English,
and
many
others.
Some
English
learners
might
ask,
“Can
English
speakers
from
different
countries
all
understand
each
other?
”
The
answer
is
yes.
People
in
these
countries
can
usually
understand
each
other
with
very
3.
few
problems.
There
are
differences
in
vocabulary,
pronunciation,
and
4.
grammar,
but
those
are
usually
not
big
problems.
However,
those
differences
can
cause
confusion
for
non-native
5.
English
speakers.
For
example,
a
student
who
has
learnt
British
English
might
not
be
familiar
with
the
6.
different
vocabulary
that
an
American
might
use.
Listen
to
this
conversation
between
a
foreign
language
student
and
her
American
classmate.
?
Ⅰ.
话题词汇
1.
pronounce
a
word 读一个单词
2.
pick
up
a
language
(非正式途径)学会一门语言
3.
go
and/to
try
去试试
4.
make
mistakes
犯错误
5.
understand
each
other
彼此理解
6.
English
corner
英语角
7.
get
it
明白
8.
native
English
speakers
以英语为母语的人
9.
different
in
vocabulary
词汇方面不同
10.
make
a
sentence
with.
.
.
用……造句
11.
speak
different
languages
说不同的语言
12.
open
one’s
mouth
to
speak
张开嘴说
13.
give
sb.
a
chance
to
do
sth.
给某人一个机会做某事
14.
communicate
with
sb.
与某人交流
Ⅱ.
听说演练
杰克和李华正在讨论去买双鞋,
请选择适当的选项完成对话。
Jack:
Hey,
Li
Hua,
do
you
want
to
go
shopping?
There’s
a
sale
at
my
favourite
store.
Li
Hua:
1.
?
Jack:
Really?
I
know
there
is
a
shoe
store
on
the
first
floor.
Li
Hua:
2.
Is
the
shoe
store
on
the
first
floor?
But
I
know
it
is
on
the
second
floor.
?
Jack:
I
know
what
you
meant.
3.
?
Li
Hua:
Yes,
am
I
right
in
saying
that?
Jack:
4.
?
Li
Hua:
So,
let’s
go.
A.
I
beg
your
pardon.
B.
Of
course,
they
have
the
same
meaning.
C.
Oh,
yes!
I
really
want
to
buy
a
pair
of
shoes.
D.
That’s
American
English,
isn’t
it?
答案:
1～4.
CADB
Ⅰ.
必备单词:
根据提示填写单词
1.
power
struggle 权利斗争
2.
mother
tongue
母语
3.
the
second
semester
第二学期
4.
natural
gas
天然气
5.
petrol
prices
汽油价格
6.
subway
stations
地铁站
7.
a
new
apartment
一座新公寓
8.
hot
pants
短裤
9.
beg
one’s
pardon
恳求原谅
10.
income
gap
收入差距
11.
vocabulary
teaching
词汇教学
12.
equal
opportunities
相同的机会→do
equally(adj.
)
well做得同样好→social
equality
(n.
)社会平等
13.
meet
my
demand满足我的要求→a
demanding
(adj.
)
task一项要求高的任务
14.
describe
the
beauty
of
nature
描述大自然的美→give
a
clear
description给出清晰的描述
Ⅱ.
必备短语:
英汉双译
1.
point
of
view 观点;
看法?
2.
relate
to
与……相关;
涉及;
谈到?
3.
fight
for
为……奋斗
4.
give
up
放弃
5.
compare.
.
.
with.
.
.
把……与……相比
6.
depend
on
依靠;
取决于
7.
have
trouble
with
在某方面有麻烦
8.
get
used
to
习惯于
必备句式:
翻译课文原句,
并观察黑体部分
1.
I
used
to
get
high
marks
in
English,
but
now
I’m
having
a
lot
of
trouble
with
my
listening.
我过去英语考试都得高分,
但是现在我在听力方面有很多困难。
2.
Listening
to
English
radio
programmes
helps
me
get
used
to
how
fast
native
speakers
talk.
收听英语广播节目使我习惯了以英语为母语的人的快语速。
3.
It’s
so
much
easier
to
just
say
“Open
the
window!
”,
but
in
English
that
can
sound
really
terrible.
说一句“打开窗户!
”太容易了,
但是在英语中这句话听起来太糟糕了。
4.
I
can’t
keep
all
the
new
vocabulary
straight
in
my
head,
and
I
certainly
can’t
remember
how
to
use
them
all
properly.
我一时很难记住所有的生词,
当然,
我也记不住如何能恰当地运用它们。
关于英语学习的建议
框架宏观建构:
整体理解
文本微观剖析:
特色表达
背诵下列表达语言学习困难的句子
①I’m
having
a
lot
of
trouble
with
my
listening.
②My
biggest
headache
is
how
to
be
polite
in
English.
③Vocabulary
is
my
biggest
problem—there
are
just
SO
MANY
new
words!
④I
certainly
can’t
remember
how
to
use
them
all
properly.
1.
话题词汇
(1)native
speaker 说母语的人
(2)experience
the
feeling
of
language
体会语感
(3)catch/get
the
main
idea
抓住大意
(4)record
your
own
voice
录下自己的声音
(5)advice
on.
.
.
……的建议
(6)memorize
the
useful
sentences
记住有用的句子
(7)recite
some
short
passages
背诵一些短文
(8)read
a
variety
of
books
读各种各样的书
2.
话题句式
①Learning
a
language
is
a
gradual
process—it
does
not
happen
overnight.
学习一门语言是一个循序渐进的过程——一夜之间是学不好的。
②English
is
one
of
the
most
important
languages
in
the
world
so
we
should
learn
it
well.
英语是世界上最重要的语言之一,
因此我们应该学好它。
③Learning
English
together
can
be
very
encouraging.
一起学英语会使你备受鼓舞。
④The
Internet
is
the
most
exciting,
unlimited
English
resource
and
it
is
right
at
your
finger
tips.
网络是最令人兴奋且不受限制的英语学习资源,
一切都触手可及。
⑤Be
patient
with
yourself.
Remember
learning
is
a
process—speaking
a
language
well
takes
time.
对自己耐心一点。记住,
学习是一个过程——说好一门语言是需要时间的。
⑥Rome
was
not
built
in
a
day.
The
same
goes
for
English
study,
which
is
a
long
and
difficult
journey
for
all
the
learners.
罗马非一日建成,
英语学习也是如此,
对于学习者来说是一个漫长和艰难的旅程。
话题特点
建议信是高考常考作文形式之一。作者就有关的问题进行分析并针对这些问题提出自己的建议或忠告。写信时要写明写信的原因、建议的内容、提出建议的理由以及对对方的鼓励等。提出的理由要合情合理,
语气一定要委婉和缓。
假定你是英语报纸English
Corner
栏目的编辑李华。现在有一名叫小明的学生向你请教如何学好英语。请你以书信形式给他几条建议,
内容包括:
1.
每天早上大声朗读英语;
尽量多记一些有用的句子并背诵一些短文章;
2.
经常进行大量英语课外阅读;
3.
每天安排一些时间进行听力练习;
4.
只要你能充分利用你的业余时间来学习英语,
就会很快得到提高。
注意:
1.
词数80个左右;
2.
可以适当增加细节,
以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
完成句子
1.
我已经收到了你的来信。
I’ve
received
your
letter.
?
2.
你要我给你一些学好英语的建议。
You
ask
me
to
give
you
some
advice
on
how
to
learn
English
well.
?
3.
你应该尽可能多记(memorize)一些有用的句子。
You
should
try
to
memorize
the
useful
sentences
as
many
as
possible.
?
4.
建议你放学后读各种各样的书。
It
is
suggested
that
you
read
a
great
variety
of
books
after
school.
?
5.
只要你充分利用你的空闲时间学习英语,
你就会取得快速的进步。
As
long
as
you
can
make
good
use
of
your
spare
time
to
learn
English,
you
will
make
rapid
progress.
?
句式升级
6.
现在分词作定语提升句1、2。
I’ve
received
your
letter
asking
me
to
give
you
some
advice
on
how
to
learn
English
well.
?
Dear
Xiao
Ming,
I
am
an
editor
of
English
Corner.
I’ve
received
your
letter
asking
me
to
give
you
some
advice
on
how
to
learn
English
well.
Here
are
some
of
my
suggestions.
First
of
all,
I
suggest
you
read
the
English
words,
sentences
and
short
articles
aloud
every
morning.
Meanwhile,
you
should
try
to
memorize
the
useful
sentences
as
many
as
possible
and
recite
some
short
passages
as
well.
Moreover,
it
is
suggested
that
you
read
a
great
variety
of
books
after
school.
Last
but
not
least,
a
certain
amount
of
time
should
be
spent
on
listening
exercise.
As
long
as
you
can
make
good
use
of
your
spare
time
to
learn
English,
you
will
make
rapid
progress.
Be
patient
and
persistent,
and
do
believe
in
that
we
will
see
the
fruit
of
our
hard
work
after
the
suffering.
Looking
forward
to
your
good
news!
Yours,
Li
Hua
1.
struggle
n.
&vi.
斗争;
奋斗;
搏斗
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Many
of
their
families
were
struggling
to
make
ends
meet.
他们家庭中的很多都在努力做到收支相抵。
struggle
against 为反对……而斗争
struggle
for
为……而斗争
struggle
with
与……打架,
与……斗争
struggle
to
do
sth.
努力做某事
①(2019·天津高考)Most
of
his
adult
life
has
been
a
losing
struggle
against
debt
and
misfortune.
他成年后的大部分时间都在与债务和不幸作斗争,
但都失败了。
②Even
though
Dr
Yuan
is
in
his
80s,
he
is
still
struggling
for
his
bigger
dream.
?
即使袁教授80多岁了,
但是他仍然在为他更大的梦想而奋斗。
③I
struggled
to
keep
afloat
(漂浮的)
but
it
was
no
use.
?
我努力地保持漂浮状态,
但是毫无用处。
2.
equal
n.
同等的人;
相等物adj.
相同的;
同样的
(教材原句)Our
relationship
is
close
and
we’re
equals,
so
I
only
need
a
few
words
to
bridge
the
gap
between
us.
我们关系密切,
彼此平等,
所以我只需要说几个字就能消除我们之间的距离。
(1)be
without
equal 无与伦比,
无敌
equal
in
在……方面等同
be
equal
to
(doing)
sth.
与……相等;
等于
(2)equality
n.
平等,
同等
(3)equally
adv.
相等地;
平等地
①(2019·江苏高考)Not
everyone
has
realized
that
wildlife
has
thoughts,
feelings,
and
most
importantly,
equal
rights
to
survive.
?
并不是每一个人都意识到野生动物有思想、有感情,
最为重要的是,
有同样生存的权利。
②Finally,
black
people
achieved
their
dream
of
being
equal
to
white
people.
?
最后,
黑人实现了与白人平等的梦想。
③People
will
live
together
in
peace
and
equality
and
the
whole
society
will
be
a
harmonious
one.
?
人们将会在和平与平等中共同生活,
整个社会将会非常和谐。
④Although
it
is
important
for
them
to
have
a
better
performance
in
the
exam,
health
is
equally
important.
尽管对他们来说在考试中有更好的表现很重要,
但是健康同等重要。
【熟词生义】
Bill
is
quite
equal
to
running
the
office.
比尔完全能够胜任管理这个部门的工作。(adj.
能胜任的)
3.
demand
n.
要求;
需求vt.
强烈要求;
需要vi.
查问
(教材原句)I
must
make
it
a
question,
not
a
demand.
我必须让它成为一个问题,
而不是要求。
(1)be
in
(great)
demand (迫切)需求
meet/satisfy
one’s
demands
满足某人的需求
(2)demand
to
do
sth.
要求做某事
demand
that.
.
.
(should)
do
sth.
要求……做某事
(3)demanding
adj.
要求高的;
苛求的
①With
the
development
of
society,
more
qualified
teachers
are
in
great
demand
in
the
future.
?
随着社会的发展,
未来迫切需要更多合格的老师。
②I’m
sure
that
the
classic
works
will
meet
your
students’
demands
for
Chinese
literary
knowledge.
?
我确信这些经典作品会满足你的学生们对中国文学知识的需求。
③They
demand
that
they
(should)
have
equal
right
to
attend
this
kind
of
activities.
?
他们要求拥有参加这种活动的同等权利。
④(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Like
running,
race
walking
is
physically
demanding,
she
says.
她说:
像跑步一样,
竞走对身体要求很高。
【熟词生义】
I
had
never
had
the
courage
to
demand
the
truth.
我从来没有勇气去询问实情。
(v.
查询)
demand用法误区
(1)demand后面不能接to
do
作宾语补足语,
即不能说demand
sb.
to
do
sth.
(2)动词demand之后的宾语从句,
以及名词demand之后的名词性从句,
都要用虚拟语气should+动词原形,
should可以省略。
【知识延伸】
除demand之外,
后接宾语从句时用虚拟语气的动词:
advise,
suggest,
desire,
order,
require,
request等。
He
advised
that
she
not
get
up
so
late.
他劝她不要那么晚起床。
He
suggested
that
we
(should)
come
another
day.
他建议我们改天来。
She
desires
that
it
should
not
be
mentioned
for
the
present.
她希望暂时不要再提及此事了。
4.
point
of
view
观点;
看法
(教材原句)I
could
see
the
world
from
a
different
point
of
view.
我能以不同的角度看世界。
①From
my
point
of
view,
you
can
choose
to
come
to
China
after
finishing
your
studies.
?
在我看来,
你可以选择完成学业后来中国。
②One
case
in
point
is
Kobe
Bryant,
who
is
an
outstanding
basketball
player.
?
恰当的例子是科比·布莱恩特,
一名杰出的篮球运动员。
③She
felt
that
the
conversation
was
beginning
to
get
off
the
point.
?
她感到这场谈话已经开始离题了。
5.
The
more
I
learnt
of
a
language,
the
more
my
brain
would
grow.
我对一门语言学得越多,
我的大脑就越发达。?
【句式解构】
“the+比较级,
the+比较级”表示“越……,
就越……”。
①(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)It’s
true,
the
older
I
get,
the
more
I
feel
time
has
wings.
?
这是真的。我年龄越大,
越感觉时间过得快。
②The
more
you
get
in
touch
with
others,
the
better
they
will
know
you.
?
你越与他人接触,
他们就越能更好地理解你。
③The
more
friends
they
have,
the
more
colorful
their
life
will
be.
?
他们拥有的朋友越多,
他们的生活越丰富多彩。
两种不同的比较级句式
“the+比较级(+主语+谓语),
the+比较级(+主语+谓语)”表示一方随另一方变化。
“比较级+and+比较级”意为“越来越……”,
表示人/事物本身在程度上的改变。
The
weather
is
getting
warmer
and
warmer.
天气越来越暖和了。
The
more
a
man
knows,
the
more
he
is
inclined
to
be
modest.
大智若愚。(这个成语意在告诉我们:
真正有才智的人表面上愚笨,
是因为他们有德,
不去计较而已。)
【要点拾遗】
1.
tongue
n.
舌头;
语言
(教材原句)The
words
felt
strange
on
my
tongue.
这些单词从我嘴里读出来感觉很奇怪。
mother
tongue 母语
on
the
tip
of
one’s
tongue
在某人的嘴边上,
某人差一点就能想起
bite
one’s
tongue
保持缄默
lose
one’s
tongue
说不出话来;
噤不能言
①For
me,
Chinese
is
my
mother
tongue
and
I
have
a
good
knowledge
of
it.
?
对我来说,
汉语是我的母语,
我掌握得很好。
②It’s
an
unusual
name.
It’s
on
the
tip
of
my
tongue
but
I
just
can’t
get
it
out.
?
这是个挺特别的名字,
就在嘴边,
可说不出来。
③I
didn’t
believe
her
explanation
but
I
bit
my
tongue.
?
我不相信她的解释,
但我忍着没有说出来。
2.
relate
to
与……相关;
涉及;
谈到
(教材原句)Does
each
sentence
relate
to
the
main
idea?
每一个句子都和主旨大意相关吗?
(1)be
related
to 与……有关
relate.
.
.
to.
.
.
将……与……联系起来
(2)relation
n.
关系;
联系;
亲戚
in
relation
to
关于,
至于
①I
am
glad
to
share
with
you
a
piece
of
good
news,
which
is
related
to
a
Chinese
speech
contest.
?
我很高兴与你分享一则好消息,
与中文演讲比赛有关。
②The
teacher
was
trying
to
help
the
students
understand
the
words
and
relate
them
to
each
other.
老师正试图帮助学生理解这些词语,
并将它们彼此联系起来。
③You
can
read
some
books
related
to
the
history
of
the
Tang
Dynasty
to
better
appreciate
the
poems.
?
你可以读一些与唐朝历史相关的书,
以更好地欣赏这些诗。
【熟词生义】
I
can
really
relate
to
how
you
feel
and
would
like
to
offer
some
suggestions.
(理解)
我真的能理解你的感受,
并愿意提供一些建议。
3.
But
now
I’m
having
a
lot
of
trouble
with
my
listening.
?
但是现在我在听力方面有很多困难。
【句式解构】
本句为简单句。have
trouble
with
sth.
是固定句式,
意为“在某方面有困难/麻烦”。
①I’m
sorry
to
hear
that
you
are
having
trouble
in
adapting
to
your
new
school
life.
?
很抱歉得知你难以适应新的学校生活。
②I
took
great
trouble
to
edit
the
video
on
my
computer
and
added
some
music.
?
我费了很大劲在电脑上编辑视频,
添加音乐。
③I
like
to
share
my
thoughts
and
fears
with
them
whenever
I
get
into
trouble.
?
每当我陷入困境的时候,
我都想与他们分享我的想法和恐惧。
【知识延伸】
have
trouble
in
doing
sth.
做某事有困难/麻烦
take
the
trouble
to
do
sth.
不怕费事或困难尽力做某事
ask
for
trouble
自找麻烦;
自讨苦吃
get
into
trouble
陷入困境;
惹麻烦
4.
Listening
to
English
radio
programmes
helps
me
get
used
to
how
fast
native
speakers
talk.
?
听英语广播节目帮助我习惯以英语为母语的人的快语速。
【句式解构】
本句为简单句,
动名词短语作主语。
①In
my
opinion,
taking
a
break/rest
between
classes
is
definitely
important.
?
在我看来,
课间休息确实很重要。
②Coming
from
China
gives
me
an
advantage
over
other
applicants.
?
来自中国让我比其他申请者有优势。
③Holding
a
Chinese
calligraphy
contest
can
also
arouse
people’s
interest,
which
is
very
helpful
in
learning
Chinese
culture.
?
举办一次中国书法比赛也能唤起人们的兴趣,
这对于学习中国文化很有帮助。
动名词作主语时,
谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式。
【知识延伸】
动名词作主语时,
常用It作形式主语,
构成下列句式:
“It
is
no
use
doing.
.
.
” 做……是毫无用处的
“It
is
no
good
doing.
.
.
”
做……是无益处的
“It
is
fun
doing.
.
.
”
做……是很有趣的
“It
is
a
waste
of
time
doing.
.
.
”
做……是浪费时间的
5.
My
biggest
headache
is
how
to
be
polite
in
English.
?
我最头疼的问题是如何用英语得体地表达。
【句式解构】
本句是一个简单句。句中how
to
be
polite
in
English为“疑问词+to
do”结构,
在句中作表语。
①(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)She
teaches
us
not
only
how
to
gain
knowledge
but
also
how
to
be
a
good
person.
?
她不仅教我们如何获得知识,
也教我们如何成为一个好人。
②Without
goals,
teenagers
might
be
in
the
dark
about
what
to
do.
?
没有目标,
青少年就不知道该做什么。
③My
parents
and
I
failed
to
reach
the
agreement
on
whether
to
go
to
another
city
for
further
education.
?
我和爸妈没能就我是否到另一个城市深造达成一致意见。
疑问词+动词不定式
(1)在本结构中,
疑问词是疑问代词“who,
whom,
what,
which,
whose”和疑问副词“when,
where,
how,
why”。此外,
连接词“whether”也适用。
I
don’t
know
whether
to
tell
him
the
truth.
我不知道是否要告诉他真相。
(2)本结构相当于一个名词或代词(短语)的作用,
在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语等。
I
don’t
know
what
to
do
in
such
a
situation(what
I
should
do
in
such
a
situation).
(作宾语)
在这种处境中,
我不知道做什么。
Project:
Create
your
own
word
bank
1.
分析文章内容,
并找出有关学习英语的建议的关键词
Learning
English
just
like
learning
any
other
language
is
hard
work,
so
my
first
advice
is
to
spend
much
time
practicing
using
English
every
day.
Besides,
we
should
listen
to
the
teacher
and
take
notes
carefully
in
class.
Go
over
what
is
learnt
regularly
and
finish
doing
our
homework
carefully.
Listen
to
English
radio
programmes,
read
English
stories
and
newspapers,
watch
English
films
and
TV
programmes,
keep
a
diary
in
English
and
attend
English
debates
and
speech
contests.
If
we
make
mistakes,
correct
them
at
once
and
try
not
to
make
the
same
mistakes.
What’s
more,
we
should
look
up
new
words
in
the
dictionary
before
class
and
prepare
each
lesson
carefully
before
class.
I
believe
if
we
work
hard
and
have
good
ways
of
learning
English,
we
will
learn
English
well.
Suggestions:
①practice ②listen
to
the
teacher ③take
notes ④go
over⑤finish
homework ⑥radio
programmes ⑦read ⑧watch⑨keep
a
diary ⑩English
debates speech
contestscorrect
mistakes look
up
new
words prepare
each
lesson
2.
根据上篇文章内容及提示,
完成以下对话
Teacher:
Hello
everyone,
I
have
a
question,
how
do
we
learn
English.
Today
we
can
(1)exchange
method
of
learning
English(交流学英语的方法).
?
Student
A:
The
way
I
learn
English
is
to
practice
as
much
as
possible.
Student
B:
I
think
so,
the
more
you
(2)apply
it
in
real
situations(把它运用到现实情景中),
the
more
natural
it
will
become.
?
Student
C:
I
have
a
good
idea,
(3)keep
an
English
diary(坚持写英语日记).
Try
to
write
a
few
sentences
about
your
day,
and
blurt
them
out
as
many
times
as
possible
before
you
go
to
sleep.
?
Student
D:
Yeah,
good
idea.
This
will
teach
you
to
think
in
English.
I
would
also
like
(4)reading
things
that
interest
me(读我感兴趣的东西)
and
looking
up
new
words
in
the
process
of
reading.
?
Teacher:
Good,
everything
is
easier
if
you
enjoy
doing
it.
Teacher:
All
in
all,
learning
English
(5)takes
a
lot
of
effort(需要很多努力),
but
never
give
up.
If
we
can
do
this,
we
will
learn
well.
?
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
The
scenery
was
so
beautiful
that
it
was
almost
beyond
description(describe).
2.
She
demanded
that
she
(should)
see
(see)
the
headmaster
immediately
to
settle
the
problem.
?
3.
Anyone,
whether
he
is
an
official
or
a
bus
driver,
should
be
equally
(equal)
respected.
4.
I
would
like
to
give
my
opinion
related(relate)
to
this
problem.
5.
I
have
great
trouble
telling(tell)
the
differences
between
the
two
words.
6.
Reading(read)
them
can
help
us
improve
our
English
as
well
as
enrich
our
knowledge.
7.
How
to
express(express)
myself
properly
in
English
is
a
problem.
?
Ⅱ.
完成句子
1.
The
more
you
use
Chinese,
the
better
you
will
learn
it.
?
你用的汉语越多,
你学得就越好。
2.
Generally
speaking,
lung
cancer
is
related
to
smoking.
?
一般来说,
肺癌与吸烟有关。
3.
From
my
point
of
view,
middle
school
students
should
learn
to
be
thrifty.
?
在我看来,
中学生应该学会节俭。
4.
I’m
sorry
to
hear
that
you
have
trouble
with
your
Chinese
study.
?
很抱歉得知你汉语学习有困难。
5.
Now
I
can
get
along
well
with
my
new
classmates,
with
whose
help
I
get
used
to
the
new
life
quickly.
?
现在我能够与新同学相处得很好,
在他们的帮助下,
我很快就适应了新生活。
6.
Speak
slowly,
which
allows
you
to
pause
and
consider
what
to
say
next.
?
说慢一些,
这让你停下来考虑接下来说什么。
选词填空
tongue
semester
petrol
subway
apartment
beg gap
vocabulary
struggle
1.
In
turn,
this
increases
the
amount
of
petrol
used,
which
leads
to
more
pollution.
2.
Last
week,
our
class
organized
a
voluntary
activity
in
subway.
3.
When
my
family
struggled
to
make
a
living
on
our
farm,
I
wanted
a
violin,
but
we
didn’t
have
the
money.
4.
One
day,
my
brother
and
I
were
alone
in
our
apartment.
5.
It
could
be
a
lollipop
(棒棒糖)
that
turns
your
tongue
blue.
6.
The
generation
gap
between
our
parents
and
us
may
tend
to
become
bigger
and
bigger.
7.
Our
school,
just
like
other
schools
nationwide,
has
delayed
the
opening
of
the
spring
semester.
8.
I
beg
you
to
teach
the
text
more
slowly
so
that
the
average
students
can
easily
follow
you.
9.
By
reading
classics
we
can
enlarge
our
vocabulary
and
it
is
also
an
effective
way
to
improve
our
writing.
单词
1.
native adj.
出生地的;
本地的;
土著的n.
本地人2.
attitude
n.
态度;
看法3.
system
n.
体系;
制度;
系统4.
despite
prep.
即使;
尽管5.
factor
n.
因素;
要素6.
symbol
n.
符号;
象征7.
carve
vt.
&
vi.
雕刻8.
dynasty
n.
王朝;
朝代9.
major
adj.
主要的;
重要的;
大的n.
主修课程;
主修学生vi.
主修;
专门研究10.
means
n.
方式;
方法;
途径11.
classic
adj.
传统的;
最优秀的;
典型的
n.
经典作品;
名著12.
regard
n.
尊重;
关注vt.
把……视为;
看待13.
character
n.
文字;
符号;
角色;
品质;
特点14.
calligraphy
n.
书法;
书法艺术15.
affair
n.
公共事务;
事件;
关系16.
specific
adj.
特定的;
明确的;
具体的
17.
subway n.
地铁18.
apartment
n.
公寓套房19.
gap
n.
间隔;
开口;
差距20.
demand
n.
要求;
需求vt.
强烈要求;
需要vi.
查问21.
vocabulary
n.
词汇22.
refer
vi.
提到;
参考;
查阅
vt.
查询;
叫……求助于→
reference
n.
参考;
参照;
涉及23.
base
vt.
以……为据点;
以……为基础
n.
底部;
根据→
based
adj.
以(某事)为基础的;
以……为重要部分(或特征)的24.
mean
vt.
意思是;
打算;
意欲→means
n.
方式;
方法;
途径→
meaning
n.
意思;
意义→
meaningful
adj.
有意义的
25.
vary
vt.
&
vi.
使多样化;
变化→
variety
n.
(植物、语言等的)变体;
异体;
多样化→
various
adj.
不同的;
各种各样的26.
globe
n.
球体;
地球仪;
地球→
global
adj.
全球的;
全世界的27.
appreciate
vt.
欣赏;
重视;
感激;
领会
vi.
增值→
appreciation
n.
欣赏;
感激;
感谢28.
equal
n.
同等的人;
相等物
adj.
相同的;
同样的→equality
n.
平等;
相等→
equally
adv.
同样地;
相等地;
公平地29.
describe
vt.
描述;
形容;
描绘→
description
n.
描写(文字);
形容30.
relate
vt.
联系;
讲述→
relation
n.
关系
短语
1.
refer
to 指的是;
描述;
提到;
查阅2.
ups
and
downs
浮沉;
兴衰;
荣辱3.
date
back
(to.
.
.
)
追溯到4.
attitude
to/towards.
.
.
对……的态度5.
be
of
great
importance
很重要6.
lead
to
导致7.
be
connected
with
和……有联系8.
play
a(n).
.
.
role
in
起着……的作用
9.
relate
to
与……相关;
涉及;
谈到10.
give
up
放弃11.
feel
like
感觉像12.
get/be
used
to
适应,
习惯于13.
be
equal
to
与……相同;
胜任14.
depend
on
依靠,
取决于15.
point
of
view
观点;
看法16.
in
demand
有需求
句式结构
1.
It
was
a
time
when.
.
.
这/那是一个……的时期Over
the
years,
the
system
developed
into
different
forms,
as
it
was
a
time
when(这/那是一个……的时期)
people
were
divided
geographically,
leading
to
many
varieties
of
dialects
and
characters.
2.
no
matter
where.
.
.
无论在哪里,
引导让步状语从句Even
today,
no
matter
where
Chinese
people
live(无论中国人在哪里生活)
or
what
dialect
they
speak,
they
can
all
still
communicate
in
writing.
3.
as
引导状语从句,
意为“随着”As
China
plays
a
greater
role
in
global
affairs(随着中国在国际事务中起更大的作用),
an
increasing
number
of
international
students
are
beginning
to
appreciate
China’s
culture
and
history
through
this
amazing
language.
4.
the+比较级,
the+比较级
“越……,
就越……”The
more(越多)
I
learnt
of
a
language,
the
more(就越)
my
brain
would
grow.
5.
疑问词+to
do
结构My
biggest
headache
is
how
to
be
polite
in
English(如何用英语得体地表达).
6.
have
trouble
with
sth.
/in
doing
sth.
在某方面/做某事有困难I
used
to
get
high
marks
in
English,
but
now
I’m
having
a
lot
of
trouble
with
my
listening(我的听力有很多问题).
The
Adventures
of
Huckleberry
Finn(excerpt)
I
knew
I
was
all
right
now.
Nobody
else
would
come
a-hunting
after
me.
I
got
my
traps
out
of
the
canoe
and
made
me
a
nice
camp
in
the
thick
woods.
I
made
a
kind
of
a
tent
out
of
my
blankets
to
put
my
things
under
so
the
rain
couldn’t
get
at
them.
I
caught
a
catfish
and
haggled
him
open
with
my
saw,
and
towards
sundown
I
started
my
camp
fire
and
had
supper.
Then
I
set
out
a
line
to
catch
some
fish
for
breakfast.
When
it
was
dark
I
sat
by
my
camp
fire
smoking,
and
feeling
pretty
satisfied;
but
by
and
by
it
got
sort
of
lonesome,
and
so
I
went
and
set
on
the
bank
and
listened
to
the
current
swashing
along,
and
counted
the
stars
and
drift
logs
and
rafts
that
came
down,
and
then
went
to
bed;
there
was
no
better
way
to
put
in
time
when
you
are
lonesome;
you
can’t
stay
so,
and
you
soon
get
over
it.
And
so
for
three
days
and
nights.
No
difference—just
the
same
thing.
But
the
next
day
I
went
exploring
around
the
island.
I
was
boss
of
it;
it
all
belonged
to
me,
so
to
say,
and
I
wanted
to
know
all
about
it;
but
mainly
I
wanted
to
put
in
the
time.
I
found
plenty
of
strawberries,
ripe
and
prime;
and
green
summer
grapes,
and
green
razzberries;
and
the
green
blackberries
were
just
beginning
to
show.
They
would
all
come
handy
by
and
by,
I
judged.
Well,
I
went
fooling
along
in
the
deep
woods
till
I
judged
I
wasn’t
far
from
the
foot
of
the
island.
I
had
my
gun
along,
but
I
hadn’t
shot
nothing;
it
was
for
protection;
thought
I
would
kill
some
game
nigh
home.
About
this
time
I
nearly
stepped
on
a
good-sized
snake,
and
it
went
sliding
off
through
the
grass
and
flowers,
and
I
ran
after
it,
trying
to
get
a
shot
at
it.
I
clipped
along,
and
all
of
a
sudden
I
bounded
right
on
to
the
ashes
of
a
camp
fire
that
was
still
smoking.
My
heart
jumped
up
among
my
lungs.
I
never
waited
for
to
look
further,
but
unlocked
my
gun
and
went
sneaking
back
on
my
tiptoes
as
fast
as
ever
I
could.
Every
now
and
then
I
stopped
a
second
among
the
thick
leaves
and
listened,
but
my
breath
came
so
hard
I
couldn’t
hear
nothing
else.
I
slunk
along
another
piece
further,
then
listened
again;
and
so
on,
and
so
on.
If
I
saw
a
stump,
I
took
it
for
a
man;
if
I
trod
on
a
stick
and
broke
it,
it
made
me
feel
like
a
person
had
cut
one
of
my
breaths
in
two
and
I
only
got
half,
and
the
short
half,
too.
?
导语:
《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》是美国作家马克·吐温创作的长篇小说,
是小说《汤姆·索亚历险记》的续集。故事的主人公哈克贝利是一个聪明、善良、勇敢的白人少年,
小说中讲述了他为了追求自由的生活,
逃亡到密西西比河的种种奇遇。
1.
canoe n.
独木舟
2.
swash
v.
冲击;
溅泼
3.
bound
v.
跳跃
4.
trod
v.
踩;
踏
在叙事类文体中,
动作描写是很常见的一种语言运用。在本部分小说中,
作者就用到了一些关于脚步的动作bound(v.
跳跃),
trod(v.
踩;
踏)。这类动词还有:
race快速走;
stumble蹒跚;
tiptoe踮着脚走;
make
one’s
way前往;
plant
one’s
feet
firmly两脚稳稳地站立;
rush
down冲下;
head
for前往;
hurry
off迅速离开;
drag
myself
through缓慢地通过;
flee
away逃走;
wander闲逛,
溜达;
pace踱步;
march行进
【情境应用】
1.
Then
Lisa
stood
up
and
made
her
way
through
the
crowd
toward
me.
?
然后,
丽莎站起来,
穿过人群朝着我走来。
2.
He
paced
up
and
down
the
platform,
waiting
for
the
train.
?
他在站台上来回踱步,
等着火车。
3.
She
stumbled
upstairs
and
into
bed.
?
她蹒跚地爬上楼,
躺在床上。
4.
She
tiptoed
to
the
bed
so
as
not
to
wake
the
baby
up.
?
她踮着脚尖来到床边,
为了不吵醒孩子。
名著译文:
《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》(节选)
马克·吐温
我知道这回我就没事了。再也不会有人来找我了。我从独木舟上拿下来我带的东西,
在密林深处给自己搭了个舒服的小窝儿。我用毯子做了个帐篷把东西放在下面,
这样,
下雨就淋不湿了。我捉到一条鲶鱼,
拿锯把它拉开,
临近太阳落下时,
我生起篝火吃晚饭。然后,
我把鱼线放好,
为明天早饭捉几条鱼。
天黑了,
我坐在火旁抽烟,
感觉很惬意,
可是,
很快又有些孤独,
于是,
我就走过去,
坐在河岸上,
听听河水哗哗向前流动的声音,
数数天上的星星,
还有顺水漂下来的浮木和木排,
再回来睡觉。你孤独的时候,
没有更好的办法消磨时光,
你又不能一直这样,
过一会儿就没事了。
就这么着过了三天三夜。没有一点儿变化——都是老样子。但是第四天,
我在岛上,
四处探险。我是它的主人,
它全都属于我,
姑且这么说吧,
并且,
我想弄清楚整个岛的情况,
但是,
主要还是想消磨时光。我找到了很多草莓,
又好又熟;
还有夏季的青葡萄和绿山莓,
青的黑莓刚长出来,
过些时候,
它们就可以随手摘下来吃了。
我就这么在密密的树林里傻转悠,
一直到了离岛尾不远的地方。我带着枪,
但是,
什么也没打,
枪是作为防卫用的;
离家近时,
我想打点野味。正想着,
我险些踩上一条大蛇,
它顺着草地和花丛溜走了。我追赶它,
想开枪打它。我跑得飞快,
突然,
刚好踩在一堆篝火灰烬上,
它还在冒烟。
我的心一下子被提到嗓子眼儿上了。我来不及等着仔细察看,
就拉下枪栓,
踮着脚尖尽快往回溜。我不时地停下一会儿,
躲进密林里听听。但是,
我喘气太重,
别的什么也听不见。我又向前走一段,
再听听,
就这么走走听听。如果我看见树桩,
就当它是人,
如果我踩着树枝,
把它碰断,
就觉得像是有人把我的一口气掐成了两截,
我只剩了半口气,
还是那半口短的。
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