Unit 2 Working the land Grammar

(共34张PPT)
The –ing form as the Subject and Object
Grammar
Have you ever seen these signs
parking, spitting,
littering, smoking
-ing forms
1. 动词-ing形式的构成: 是在动词末尾加-ing
形式构成, 因此又叫动词的 -ing 形式。
如: do-doing, be-being, ask-asking, etc.
否定形式: not+ -ing 构成
2. 动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语, 没有人称和
数的变化, 但可以有自己的宾语和状语, 还有
时态和语态的变化。
3. 动词-ing形式由动词加-ing变化而成,
它同时具有名词和动词的特征, 在句中可以
作主语、宾语等。
一、动词-ing形式作主语
表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态,
谓语动词通常用单数。如：
Walking is a good form of exercise for
both young and old.
无论对年轻人和老年人来讲, 走路是一种
很好的锻炼。
Watching news on TV has become a
routine for me. 在电视上看新闻已经成了
我的一种日常习惯。
Going to Hangzhou by train takes about
16 hours.
乘火车去杭州要16个小时。
Asking a woman’s age is impolite in
our country.
在我们国家问一个女人的年龄是不礼貌的。
2. -ing形式作主语时常后置, 此时须用it
作形式主语, 用形容词或名词作表语。
常见的名词或名词短语有: no use,
no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult
job, a waste of time 等; 形容词有:
dangerous, worthwhile, useless等。如:
It’s no use making an excuse for this.
为这件事找借口是没有用的。
It’s a waste of time talking about such a
useless thing.
有风的天气在海里游泳是危险的。
3. 在there be 结构中作主语, 这种结构的意思
相当于“It is impossible to do… ”。如：
若要人不知, 除非己莫为。
There is no hiding of evil but not to do it．
无法知道他什么时候离开
There was no knowing when he would leave.
动名词与不定式做主语时的比较：
动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作,
不定式则通常表示具体的动作。如：
还是个孩子的时侯, 她就觉得探视病人是
一种责任, 也是一种愉悦。
As a child, she felt that visiting sick people
was a duty and a pleasure．
我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。
It’s an honor for me to be invited to the
party.
到美国人家里做客对我来说将是一个极好的
经历。
Being a guest in an American home
will be a good experience for me.
归纳: 常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：
It +be +a waste of time doing
做……是浪费时间的
It is/was no good/use doing
做……是没用处的
It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing
做……不值得
It is/was worth/worthwhile doing
做……是值得的
There is no doing...
无法……; 不允许……
There is no sense in doing 做……没有道理
There is/was no use doing 干……无意义
There is/was nothing worse than doing
没有比……更糟的
There is/was no point doing 干……无意义
注意: There is no need to do sth 干……没必要,
在此句式中to do 不可换为doing.
没有必要告诉她。
There is no need to tell her.
二、动名词用作宾语
动名词作宾语有两种情况。
1. 只能后接动名词作宾语的动词, 常见的有
avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest,
dislike, delay, escape, cannot help, imagine,
mind, miss, practise, cannot stand等。如：
我不能不去。I can’t avoid going．
你是否考虑过找一位挚友
Have you considered looking for one
special friend
我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。
We must try to avoid repeating the same mistake．
晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗
Do you feel like having a walk with me after
supper
人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。
People couldn’t help laughing foolish man．
这类动词还有: excuse, fancy, give up,
put off, risk, insist on, look forward, feel like等。
2. 既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词,
常见的有: begin, start, continue, like, love,
prefer, by, mean, forget，remember, hate等。
A. 在 like, love, hate, prefer等动词之后，
用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同, 只是侧重
点有些不同, 动名词表示泛指的动作,
不定式表示具体的一次性动作。
B. 在 begin/start, continue之后, 用动名词和
不定式, 意义无甚区别, 尤其是当主语是人的
时候。
C. 在动词forget, remember, regret之后, 用
动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作
先于谓语发生,不定式表示后于谓语动作, 如：
我记得我已把信寄了。
I remember posting the letter．
我会记着去寄信的。
I’ll remember to post the letter．
我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。
I shall never forget seeing the famous writer．
不要忘了给你母亲写信。
Don’t forget to write to your mother．
我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。
I regret missing the report．
我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。
I regret to say I can’t take your advice．
D. 在try, mean 之后, 意义各不相同, 如 try to do
(设法), try doing (试试), mean to do (打算,
有意要做), mean doing (意思是, 意味着)。
如: 我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。
We must try to get everything done in time．
我们用别的方法做这工作试试。
Let’s try doing the working in some other way．
我并不想叫你生气。
I didn’t mean to make you angry．
你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。
Your plan would mean spending hours．
go on doing 继续做原来做的事
go on to do 接着做另一件事
mean doing 意味着要做某事
mean to do 想要做某事
stop doing 停止做某事
stop to do 停下来(别的事)开始
做某事
try doing 试着做某事
try to do 努力做某事
be used to doing 习惯于做某事
be used to do 被用来做某事
can't help doing 禁不住做某事
can't help to do 不能帮助做某事
3. 作介词宾语
动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。
A. 介词+动名词, 如：
我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。
We’ve got to think of ways of changing
people’s habits.
我向你道歉, 刚才对你那样生气。
I apologize for being so angry with you.
离开几年之后再回到你的家乡, 感觉有点怪。
After being away for several years, it is a
strange experience to return to the hometown.
B. 动词+介词+动名词, 如：
她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。
She was very interested in working for our
company．
我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。
I insist on taking proper food for this trip．
下列短语中的to都是介词, 所以后面跟名词
或-ing形式: devote to, object to, pay attention to,
get down to, lead to, look forward to, stick to,
be used to等。
提示: 当动名词用作主语时, 其逻辑主语由
形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。
我姐姐病了, 使我很担心。
My sister’s being ill made me worried.
Mary’s being late for class made her teacher very angry.
Her coming to help encouraged all of us.
1. telling
2. arguing
3. playing
4. jumping
5. playing
6. going
7.being caught
8. reading
9.dismissing
10.cleaning
Let’s talk about our friends! Remember to
use Verb-ing as much as possible.
…is his/her job every day.
He/She enjoys …
He/She is interested in …
He/She dreams of …
He/She hates …
…makes him/her happy/sad.
He/She cares about …
Write about a person you love or respect very much. Here is a sample for you.
Changchang is a smart boy. Playing model
cars is his favourite. And he also likes
running. It seems playing is his job every
day. Besides, he enjoys talking so much
that it seems that he never stops talking
until he goes to sleep. Maybe that is why
he is good at telling stories.
翻译句子
It is no use complaining about the bad weather.
There is no sense in limiting the children to playing outside.
Mary’s not arriving at the station on time made everyone worried last week.
Organic farmers insist on growing different crops every two or three years.
Students should not spend too much time playing video games.
I am sorry for breaking the promise.
I remembered to mail the letter but forgot to buy a stamp.
There is no point doing such a silly thing.