Book8 Module 2
Printing
（《印刷术》）教学设计
山东省临邑一中英语组 武宁
课程分析：
《印刷术》是选修八第二模块的culture corner，文章介绍了印刷术在世界范围内的产生、发展及其对世界文化的影响等文化信息；使学生了解中国四大发明之一的印刷术的历史变迁，拓展学生的人文素养，培养学生的爱国情操。本节课的重点是培养学生阅读理解能力。难点是学会如何正确把握介绍科学文化知识的科普类文章的脉搏。
学情分析：
我所任教的9，10班是理科平行班，学生英语基础一般。本节课内容为科普性文章，有个别句子比较难以理解，所以采取突出难句语法句子结构、重视搞清思路、理解内容、把握主题的方式来教学。
设计思路：
本篇文章内容并不难，生词量和其他文章相比也不大，但应让学生在了解课文内容的基础上学会把握文章结构和如何提高学生的阅读能力。因此让学生在把握文章大意的基础上先划分层次，再逐一设计问题阅读分析，最后迁移用阅读及阅读表达强化学生的阅读能力。整个过程具体如下：
1.阅读课文，整体感知：首先由问题探究的方式导入，播放关于印刷术发展史的ppt，激发学生的兴趣；然后通过速读、精读、研读进行整体感知。
2. 自主探究，把握主题：通过复述课文和让学生总结所学句型，理解文意，把握文章的主题。
3. 迁移深化，活学活用：诱导学生多动脑，多思考，再让学生做相关的阅读练习，达到活学活用。
学习目标：
1. Learn new words and master important sentences such as: movable, press, squeeze, up to, lead to, passion, inspire, take up, calculate
2.Improve the reading ability and communicative ability
教学流程：
阅读课文 整体感知
(一) 激发情趣，ppt导入
{课件投影}Who do you know invented the Type Printing
设计意图：通过提问问题导入主题并帮助学生回忆所熟悉的 “四大发明”。引出本课重点，展示关于印刷术的精美图片，结合图片，给学生以直观的感受，让他们进一步了解印刷术在欧洲的发展，开阔眼界，拓展文化领域，陶冶情操。
（二）快速阅读，构建框架
1.填写表格，理清思路
{课件投影} Skim the whole text and find out the main idea of each paragraph.
Para 1: Printing made it possible to produce more copies in less time.
Para 2: Printing answered a need of people who were thirsty for knowledge.
Para 3: The spread of printing influenced greatly the European culture.
Para 4: Printing could satisfy the desire for all kinds of book.
Para 5: Johann Gutenberg made the first printing press in Europe.
设计意图：本环节是让学生小组讨论各个段落的主旨大意，在课堂上用简要的话概括5部分的大意 ，培养学生的综合概述能力。
2.判断对错，掌握梗概
(课件投影) Fast—reading
Scan the text quickly and guess True or False, and tell me why.
1.In china, printing dates back to Song Dynasty. ( )
2.Before printing was invented, books were not very expensive. ( )
3.The first paper mill in Europe was built at the beginning of the 12th century.( )
4.The first book that Gutenberg produced was a Latin novel.( )
5.In the late 15th century, England became one of the most important centres of printing industry. ( )
设计意图：本环节目的是引入阅读主题，完成阅读任务，锻炼学生的阅读速度和概括能力。
深入研究 把握主旨
分部分精读课文，根据每部分所设置的问题掌握文章细节，把握主旨。
自主探究第一部分
{课件投影} Part 1: Read the first paragraph and then finish the sentences with proper words
1 Printing is the ____________ of making many copies of a single ____________ using ___________ characters or letters.
2 Printing ____________ a need because people were ____________ for knowledge.
探究：answer a need (of), be thirsty for
(二) 自主探究第二部分
{课件投影}Part 2: Read the 2nd paragraph and then translate the sentences into Chinese:
1. This was a difficult task that could take many years, and which made books very expensive.这（手工印刷）是一项困难的工作，可能要花很多年，并且使书很昂贵。
2. Printing made it possible to produce more copies in a few weeks than could have been produced in a lifetime written out by hand.印刷使这一点成为可能：在数周之内印刷出来的书比一个人一辈子手工抄写的书还要多。
探究：make+宾语+宾补的复合结构：
make sth + adj.
make it + adj. + to do
（三）自主探究第三部分
{课件投影}Part 3: Read the 3rd——4th paragraphs and choose the best answers:
1. He the printing press from the machines farmers used to squeeze oil from olives.
A. adopted B. adapted C. approached D. appealed
2. The printing press used paper, which was more _______ for printing than
animal skins.
A. famous B. available C. known D. suitable
3. But as the ideas of the Renaissance developed, the demand for the Greek and Latin classics.
A. so did B. so do C. so was D. so is
探究：1、adopted , adapted , approached, appealed的区别
2、so引起的倒装句
（四）自主探究第四部分
Without inexpensive printing to make books available to a large section of society, the son of John Shakespeare, a government official in rural England in the mid–1500s, may never have been inspired to take up writing as a profession.
假如没有低廉的印刷技术使得广大社会阶层有书可读,16世纪中期英格兰乡村的政府官员——约翰·莎士比亚的儿子也许根本不可能受到鼓舞而将写作作为职业。
探究：without引起的虚拟条件句。may never have been 是对过去情况的推测。对过去情况的推测用“情态动词＋动词的完成式”。
There was no light in his office. He must have gone home.
他办公室没亮灯，他一定是回家了。(must表示肯定的推测。)
You should have finished your work before class.
你课前就该把作业做完的。(should have done表示“理应，本该……”)
设计意图：掌握文章细节，把握主旨，提高学生归纳总结能力和猜词能力，有利于提高学生的阅读表达能力。
迁移升华 拓展能力
阅读练习，学以致用
{课件投影}Practice reading ability
Do this reading comprehension about the Three Gorges Dam.
设计意图：本环节目的在于提高学生的阅读应用能力。
Homework
Do an exercise on the paper.
课堂达标：
总体来说，这是按照诱思探究理论的三个认知层次设计的课堂，它让学生不仅了解了印刷术，也训练了学生的阅读搜取信息的能力，通过图片展示，阅读，精读，了解文章的脉络，通过练习的形式使学生能够抓住文章的脉络，每一段落的主旨大意，锻炼学生的理解与概括能力。并且本课主要培养学生的阅读策略：
Key1 Focus on the topic sentence, especially the first sentence of each paragraph.
Key2 Skim a passage to get the main idea and scan a passage to gain detailed information.
Key3 Guess the meaning of a new word according to the context.
附导学案：
Learning Paper (学案)
Printing
Written by 武宁
教师寄语：If the senior high comes, can a college be far behind
学习目标：
1. Learn new words and master important sentences such as: movable, press, squeeze, up to, lead to, passion, inspire, take up, calculate
2.Improve the reading ability and communicative ability
Warming-up
Skimming(略读)
Skim the whole text and find out the main idea of each paragraph.
Para 1: Printing made it possible to produce more copies in less time.
Para 2: Printing answered a need of people who were thirsty for knowledge.
Para 3: The spread of printing influenced greatly the European culture.
Para 4: Printing could satisfy the desire for all kinds of book.
Para 5: Johann Gutenberg made the first printing press in Europe.
TRUE OR FALSE
Scan the text quickly and guess True or False, and tell me why.
1.In china, printing dates back to Song Dynasty. ( )
2.Before printing was invented, books were not very expensive. ( )
3.The first paper mill in Europe was built at the beginning of the 12th century.( )
4.The first book that Gutenberg produced was a Latin novel.( )
5.In the late 15th century, England became one of the most important centres of printing industry. ( )
Intensive reading 细致阅读
Part 1: Read the first paragraph and then finish the sentences with proper words
1 Printing is the ____________ of making many copies of a single ____________ using ___________ characters or letters.
2 Printing ____________ a need because people were ____________ for knowlede.
Part 2: Read the 2nd paragraph and then translate the sentences into Chinese:
1. This was a difficult task that could take many years, and which made books very expensive.这（手工印刷）是一项困难的工作，可能要花很多年，并且使书很昂贵。
2. Printing made it possible to produce more copies in a few weeks than could have been produced in a lifetime written out by hand.印刷使这一点成为可能：在数周之内印刷出来的书比一个人一辈子手工抄写的书还要多。
Part 3: Read the 3rd——4th paragraphs and choose the best answers:
1. He the printing press from the machines farmers used to squeeze oil from olives.
A. adopted B. adapted C. approached D. appealed
2. The printing press used paper, which was more _______ for printing than
animal skins.
A. famous B. available C. known D. suitable
3. But as the ideas of the Renaissance developed, the demand for the Greek and Latin classics.
A. so did B. so do C. so was D. so is
Without inexpensive printing to make books available to a large section of society, the son of John Shakespeare, a government official in rural England in the mid–1500s, may never have been inspired to take up writing as a profession.
假如没有低廉的印刷技术使得广大社会阶层有书可读,16世纪中期英格兰乡村的政府官员——约翰·莎士比亚的儿子也许根本不可能受到鼓舞而将写作作为职业。
难句分析：without引起的虚拟条件句。may never have been 是对过去情况的推测。对过去情况的推测用“情态动词＋动词的完成式”。
There was no light in his office. He must have gone home.
他办公室没亮灯，他一定是回家了。(must表示肯定的推测。)
You should have finished your work before class.
你课前就该把作业做完的。(should have done表示“理应，本该……”)
Consolidation 巩固(共8张PPT)
YIN SHUA SHU DE FA ZHAN
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印刷术的发明，是我国古代劳动人民智慧的代表，它对人类文明的贡献是不可估量的。因此，有人把印刷术称为"文明之母"，这是再恰当不过了。 那么，究竟什么是印刷呢？
就字面意义而言，着有痕迹谓之印，涂擦谓之刷。用刷涂擦而使有痕迹着於其他物体，谓之印刷。 简而言之，印刷就是生产印刷物的工业。印刷物的生产，与印章类似。先刻印章（版），后使印章（版）沾着上印油，再将印章（版）上的印油转移于纸、帛、皮等承印物上，即成印刷品。
就科学观点而言，凡在物体上（狭义的仅就纸张而言）着有痕迹，而该痕迹（经多量复制）能对光的照射发生反射或吸收作用，透过人眼，使人的视觉神经辨识出该痕迹的形状与色调，谓之印刷。 就文化观点而言，印刷是表达及流传人类思想的一种方法。 中国古代印刷，系以毛刷醮墨涂布于印版之上，覆纸于版面，再用另一干毛刷在纸背轻刷之.
雕版印刷
什么是雕版印刷雕版印刷是一种这样的印刷的方式：即将文字、图像雕刻在平整的木板上，再在版面上刷上油墨，然后在其上覆上纸张，用干净的刷子轻轻地刷过，使印版上的图文清晰地转印到纸张上的工艺方法。
雕版印刷的别称 雕版印刷的“雕版”在我国古代有各种各样的叫法，最为常见的有“镂版”、“刻版”、“刊版”、“墨版”、“椠版”、“梓版”等。其中“椠”是延用了古代片牍的名称；而“梓”则是因为梓木是雕版印刷中的重要材料而得名。雕版印刷有时也称“付椠”、“付梓”或“梓行”、“刊行”等。在“版”字方面，在古代的出版、印刷的文献中，往往是“版”、“板”通用，而较多的则是运用“板”字。到了清代，在出版、印刷的著作中，才普遍使用“版”字。
雕版印刷雕版的材料 雕版印刷所用的雕版材料主要是选用纹理较细的木材，如枣木、梨木、梓木、黄杨木等。至于选用那一种木材做雕版，一般是要根据印刷品的精细程度，再选用硬度不同的木材。
私宅家塾刻书
私宅家塾刻书，最有名的有岳珂的相台家塾本和廖莹中的世彩堂刻本。岳珂（公元1183-1234年），岳飞之孙。他刻的书，最有名的是《九经》、《三传》，以及《孟子注附音义》十卷、《论语集解附音义》十卷（图）。廖莹中世彩堂的刻书主要有《韩昌黎集》四十卷（图）《柳河东集》四十四卷《春秋经传集解》三十卷等。
建溪三峰蔡梦弼家塾于乾道七年（公元1171年）刻《史记》一百三十卷（图），建安黄善夫家塾于绍熙年间刻《史记正义》一百三十卷（图），建安刘元起家塾于庆元年间刻《汉书注》一百二十卷（图）。钱唐王叔边家刻《前汉书》一百二十卷，后汉书一百二十卷（图）。
活字版发明的历史意义 在印刷技术领域里，人们往往是以印版的不同来区分其印刷方式。在印刷史上，有时也以印版的发展来划分其时代。因此，我们可以认为，活字版的发明，标志着印刷技术已从雕版的时代逐步跨入了活字版的时代。虽然在活字版发明的初期，其本身的技术还不成熟，还未能被更多的人所接受，而且往往还是以传统的雕版印刷占着统治地位，但作为一种新技术，它必然蕴藏着巨大的潜力，一旦它在技术上得到改进和完善，必然成为占统治地位的印刷方式。
活字印刷术是在十一世纪中期，中国北宋庆历年间（1041－1048年）天才工人毕升所发明的活字以泥为原料制成。这是世界上最早的活字，它比谷腾堡应用的活字早四百多年。
有关毕升发明的活字版技术的记载很少，只有科学家沈括在他所著的《梦溪笔谈》一书中，作了较详细的记载。这一记载的历史作用，就在于启发了后来的有志者，沿着毕升的道路继续前进，从而使这一技术不断地发展和完善，最终成为占统治地位的印刷方式。
走向激光技术时代
由于激光技术的飞速发展，使它在许多行业都有所应用，印刷行业也不例外。在印刷中的应用有：激光照排技术、激光雕刻技术等。例如，我们可以从印刷中很重要的一个设备照相排字机的发展来了解激光技术在印刷中的应用。
·第一代为手动式照相排字机。它的基本工作原理是：借助透镜成像原理，与打字机的机械结构相结合，进行文字排版，把所需要的文字，经过选字装置选择，由光源将文字通过透镜系统成像在感光材料上。 ·第二代为自动光机式照相排字机，它的基本工作原理是：文字编排及字体交换等主要排版功能均由计算机自动控制。(共24张PPT)
Printing
Warming up
Skimming reading
Intensive reading
1
2
3
Warming up
1
Warming up
1
The history of printing
The origin of printing
Block printing
(雕版印刷）
Type printing
（活字印刷）
More than four
hundred years later……
A German,
Johann Gutenberg,
made the first printing
press in Europe.
The first printing press in Europe
The Bible Gutenberg printed
In 1476 William Caxton set up his own press in London.
Skimming
2
Read the passage quickly and then discuss in groups to find out the main idea of each paragraph
Reading tip1
2
Don’t read the passage
word by word.
Just focus on the
topic sentences,
especially the
first and the last
sentence of each
paragraph.
skimming
1
skimming
1
Para 1: Printing made it possible to produce more
copies in less time.
Para 2: Printing answered a need of people who were
thirsty for knowledge.
Para 3: The spread of printing greatly influenced the
European culture.
Para 4: Printing could satisfy the desire for all kinds
of book.
Para 5: Johann Gutenberg made the first printing
press in Europe.
Reading tip2
2
Look through the
passage to gain
detailed
information
Intensive reading
2
True or false
In china, printing dates back to Song Dynasty.
Before printing was invented, books were very expensive.
The first paper mill in Europe was built at the beginning of the 12th century.
Intensive reading
2
True or false
The first book that Gutenberg produced was a Latin novel.
In the late 15th century, England became one of the most important centres of printing industry.
Further Reading
2
Part 1: Read the first paragraph and then finish the sentences with proper words
Printing is the ____________ of making many copies of a single ____________ using ___________ characters or letters.
Printing ____________ a need because people were ____________ for knowlede.
prosess
document
movable
answered
thirsty
Further Reading
2
Part 2: Read the 2nd paragraph and then translate the sentences into Chinese:
This was a difficult task that could take many years, and which made books very expensive.
Printing made it possible to produce more copies in a few weeks than could have been produced in a lifetime written out by hand.
这（手工印刷）是一项困难的工作，可能要花很多年，并且使书很昂贵。
印刷使这一点成为可能：在数周之内印刷出来的书比一个人一辈子手工抄写的书还要多。
Further Reading
2
Part 3: Read the 3rd——4th paragraphs and choose the best answers:
He _______ the printing press from the machines farmers used to squeeze oil from olives.
A. adopted B. adapted
C. approached D. appealed
The printing press used paper, which was more _______ for printing than animal skins.
A. famous B. available C. known D. suitable
Further Reading
2
But as the ideas of the Renaissance developed, the demand for the Greek and Latin classics.
A. so did B. so do C. so was D. so is
Further reading
1
Without inexpensive printing to make books available to a large section of society, the son of John Shakespeare, a government official in rural England in the mid–1500s, may never have been inspired to take up writing as a profession.
假如没有低廉的印刷技术使得广大社会阶层有书可读,16世纪中期英格兰乡村的政府官员——约翰·莎士比亚的儿子也许根本不可能受到鼓舞而将写作作为职业。
Part 4: Analyze the difficult sentence
Further reading
1
难句分析：without引起的虚拟条件句。may never have been 是对过去情况的推测。对过去情况的推测用“情态动词＋动词的完成式”。
There was no light in his office. He must have gone home.
他办公室没亮灯，他一定是回家了。(must表示肯定的推测。)
He can’t have finished his work before class.
他不可能在课前把作业做完的。(can’t have done表示“不可能……”)
Homework
3
1. Answer the two questions on Page 27.
2. Read the passage on Page 29 of 《Skill
Training》.
