中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题10
名词和冠词
【2021年】
1．（2021·天津卷）
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)Great
improvements
in
public
health
have
been
brought
about
by
________
in
medical
science.21教育网
A．traditions
B．advances
C．pressures
D．examples
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)句意：医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。A.
traditions传统；B.
advances前进，进步；C.
pressures压力；D.
examples例子。根据上文“Great
improvements
in
public
health
have
been
brought
about”可知，公共健康的巨大改善是由医学的进步带来的，advances符合语境。故选B。
2.
（2021·全国乙卷）
……
Provide
68
(finance)
aid
and
other
benefits
for
local
peoples.21
cnjy
com
Make
sure
tha
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)t
the
tourism
provides
positive
experiences
for
both
the
visitors
and
the
hosts.
Komodo
National
Park
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?),
officially
recognized
in
1980,
is
popular
for
ecotourism
because
of
its
unique
biodiversity.
69
(activity)
there
range
from
whale
watching
to
hiking
(远足)
and
accommodations
aim
to
have
a
low
impact
on
the
natural
environment.【来源：21cnj
y.co
m】
【答案】68.
financial
69.activities
【解析】68.被考查词位于名词aid之前，故判断考点为形容词。
69.被考查项为名词，位于主语的位置，且谓语动词range为复数形式，故考点为名词变复数。
3.
(2021·新高考I卷)Go
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ing
to
Mount
Huangshan
reminds
me
of
the
popular
Beatles’
song“The
Long
and
Winding
Road”.
What
is
so
breathtaking
about
the
experience
is
the
out-of-this-world
scenes.
The
rolling
sea
of
clouds
you
see
once
you
are
at
the
top
will
remind
you
how
tiny
we
____57____
(human)
are.
【答案】57.
humans
【解析】57
.考查名词复数。句意
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
…….
As
the
song
goes
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?),
this
long
and
winding
road
“will
never
disappear”,
and
it
will
always
stick
in
the
visitor’s
memory.
It
sure
does
in
mine
.While
you’re
in
China,
Mount
Huangshan
is
____65____
must
to
visit!
【答案】65.a
【解析】65.考查冠词。句意
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。21教育名师原创作品
4.
(2021·浙江卷)Beauti
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)fully
restored（修复）to
its
1860
appearance,
the
house
was
Abraham
and
Mary
Lincoln's
home
for
17
years.
In
1844
they
bought
it
for
$1,200
and
some
land
from
Charles
Dresser,
who
performed
their
___38___
（marry）ceremony
in
1842.
【答案】38.
marriage
【解析】38.考查名词。句意：1844
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知，此处要用名词形式；结合设空处后的ceremony，可知此处意为“婚礼”；提示词marry意为“婚姻”，其名词形式为marriage，marriage
ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。
5.（2021年全国甲卷）
We
hired
our
bikes
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
from
the
rental
place
at
the
South
Gate.
My
bike
was
old
and
shaky
but
did
the
job.
It
took
us
about
3
hours
to
go
all
___48___
way
around
the
Xi'an
City
Wall.
Supposedly
you
can
do
it
in
two
hours,
but
we
stopped
at
the
different
gates
and
___49___
(watchtower)
to
fake
pictures
or
just
to
watch
the
local
people
going
about
their
daily
routines.
【答案】
48.
the
49.
watchtowers
【解析】
【48题】考查冠词。句意：我
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直；完全地”可知短语为all
the
way，故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。21cnjy.com
【49题】考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念，应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。21·世纪
教育网
【2020年】
1.（2020·新课标I卷）The
fa
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)r
side
of
the
moon
is
of
particular
64
(interesting)
to
scientists
because
it
has
a
lot
of
deep
craters
(环形山)，more
so
than
the
familiar
near
side.
【答案】interest
【解析】考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be
of
interest
to
sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
2.（2020·新课标I卷）Next
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)I
broke
the
eggs
into
a
bowl
and
beat
them
quickly
with
chopstick.
【答案】将chopstick改为chopsticks
【解析】考查名词复数。句意：下一步我把鸡蛋打
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)到一个碗里，然后用筷子快速搅拌。chopstick是可数名词，意为“筷子”，通常以复数形式出现，故将chopstick改为chopsticks。2·1·c·n·j·y
3.（2020·新课标II卷）Chinese
New
Year
is
a
61
(celebrate)
marking
the
end
of
the
winter
season
and
the
beginning
of
spring.【版权所有：21教育】
【答案】celebration
【解析】考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
4.（2020·新课标II卷）Luckil
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)y，I
will
go
home
in
two
weeks
for
summer
vacations.
【答案】将vacations改为vacation
【解析】考查不可数名词。句意：幸运的是
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)，两周后我就要回家过暑假。分析句子，vacation译为“假期”是个不可数名词，后面不可加s表示复数。Summer
vacation
译为“暑期”是固定搭配。故将vacations改为vacation。
5.（2020·新课标III卷）Filled
with
64．
(curious)，the
artist
packed
his
bags
and
left.
【答案】curiosity
【解析】考查名词。句意：怀着好
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
6.
（2020·江苏卷）The
heal
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)th
security
systems
of
many
countries
are
undergoing
considerable
______.
A.
reservation
B.
transformation
C.
distinction
D.
submissionwww-2-1-cnjy-com
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)。句意：许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A.
reservation预订；B.
transformation改革，变革；C.
distinction区别；D.
submission提交。根据前文The
health
security
systems可知，此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。
7.（2020·山东卷）Hi
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)storical
44．
(accurate)
is
important
but
so
is
entertainment.
【答案】accuracy
【解析】考查名词。句意:历史的准确性
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词historical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
8.（2020·浙江卷）La
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ter，they
learned
to
work
with
the
62．
(season)，planting
at
the
right
time
and，in
dry
areas，
63（making）
(make)use
of
annual
floods
to
irrigate(灌溉)their
fields.
【答案】seasons
【解析】考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons。
【2019年】
1.【2019·江苏卷】Nowadays
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)the
___________
for
travelling
is
shifted
from
shopping
to
food
and
scenery.
A.
priority
B.
potential
C.
proportion
D.
pension
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A.
priority优先；优先权；B.
potential潜在的，可能的；C.
proportion比例，占比；D.
pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A。
2.【2019·天津卷】We
can
obs
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)erve
that
artificial
intelligence
has
already
made
a(n)
___________on
our
lives
in
many
ways.
A.
statement
B.
impact
C.
impression
D.
judgment
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。
statement“陈述说明”；
impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”；
impression“印象，感想”；
judgement“判断力判断”。故选B。
3.【2019·新课标I卷】Of
_
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)__69___
nineteen
recognized
polar
bear
subpopulations，three
are
declining，six
are
(be)
stable，one
is
increasing，and
nine
lack
enough
data.
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
4【2019·新课标I卷】Suddenly
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
football
feel
just
in
front
of
me
but
almost
hit
me.【出处：21教育名师】
【答案】
Suddenly
football
fell
just
in
front
of
me
almost
hit
me.
【解析】考查冠词。名词footba
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ll为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在football前加a；考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。
5.【2019·浙江卷】Everybody
wears___57___
same
style
of
clothes.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。
【2018年】
1.【2018·天津】The__________
that
there
is
life
on
other
planets
in
the
universe
has
always
inspired
scientists
to
explore
the
outer
space.21世纪教育网版权所有
A.
advice
B.
order
C.
possibility
D.
invitation
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A.
advice建议；B.
order命令；C.
possibility可能性；D.
invitation邀请。故选C。
2.
【2018·新课标卷I】Two
of
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)the
authors
of
the
review
also
made
a
study
published
in
2014
that/which
showed
a
mere
five
to
10
minutes
a
day
of
running
reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all
67
(cause).
【答案】causes
【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
3.
【2018·新课标卷I】Du
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ring
my
last
winter
holiday，I
went
to
countryside
with
my
father
to
visit
my
grandparents.
【答案】countryside前加the 考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。
【解析】countryside前加the 考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。
4.
【2018·新课标卷
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)II】Corn
production
has
jumped
nearly
125
percent
over
___62___
past
25
years，while
rice
has
increased
only
7
percent.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。21·cn·jy·com
5.
【2018·新课标卷III】Une
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)xpectedly，I'm
face-to-face
with
the
gorilla，who
begins
screaming
at
____62____
top
of
her
lungs.
That
makes
her
baby
scream，and
then
a
400-pound
male
appears.21
cnjy
com
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语at
the
top
of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
6.
【2018·新课标卷III】M
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)y
name
is
Mireya
Mayor.
I'm
a
___66___(science)who
studies
animals
such
as
apes
and
monkeys.
【答案】scientist
【解析】根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。
7.
【2018·浙江卷】Few
peopl
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)e
I
know
seem
to
have
much
desire
or
time
to
cook.
Making
Chinese
56
(dish)
is
seen
as
especially
troublesome.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
【答案】dishes
【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
8.
【2018·浙江卷】F
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)Researchers
have
found
that
there
is
a
direct
link
between
the
increase
in
food
eaten
outside
the
home
and
the
rise
in
64
(weigh)
problems.www.21-cn-jy.com
【答案】weight
【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。
【2017年】
1.
【2017·新课标卷
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)I】As
65
result，people
will
eat
more
food
to
try
to
make
up
for
that
something
missing.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as
a
result表示＂结果＂。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。2-1-c-n-j-y
2.
【2017·新课标卷II
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
】It
ran
for
just
under
seven
kilometers
and
allowed
people
to
avoid
terrible
61 (crowd)
on
the
roads
above
as
they
travelled
to
and
fromwork.
【答案】crowds
【解析】考查名词复数。因为crowd为可数名词，并且其前没有限定词，所以此处用其复数形式。
3.
【2017·新课标卷
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)II
】This
included
digging
up
the
road， laying
(lay)
the
track
and
then
building
a
strong
roof
over
64 top.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。此处指的是在顶端建造一个结实的顶，所以在
top前加the。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题10
名词和冠词
【2021年】
1．（2021·天津卷）G
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)reat
improvements
in
public
health
have
been
brought
about
by
________
in
medical
science.21cnjy.com
A．traditions
B．advances
C．pressures
D．examples
2.
（2021·全国乙卷）……
Provide
68
(finance)
aid
and
other
benefits
for
local
peoples.www-2-1-cnjy-com
Make
sure
th
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)at
the
tourism
provides
positive
experiences
for
both
the
visitors
and
the
hosts.
Komodo
National
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)Park,
officially
recognized
in
1980,
is
popular
for
ecotourism
because
of
its
unique
biodiversity.
69
(activity)
there
range
from
whale
watching
to
hiking
(远足)
and
accommodations
aim
to
have
a
low
impact
on
the
natural
environment.21世纪教育网版权所有
3.
(2021·新高考I卷)Go
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ing
to
Mount
Huangshan
reminds
me
of
the
popular
Beatles’
song“The
Long
and
Winding
Road”.
What
is
so
breathtaking
about
the
experience
is
the
out-of-this-world
scenes.
The
rolling
sea
of
clouds
you
see
once
you
are
at
the
top
will
remind
you
how
tiny
we
____57____
(human)
are.
…….
As
the
song
goes,
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)this
long
and
winding
road
“will
never
disappear”,
and
it
will
always
stick
in
the
visitor’s
memory.
It
sure
does
in
mine
.While
you’re
in
China,
Mount
Huangshan
is
____65____
must
to
visit!
4.
(2021·浙江卷)Beautifu
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)lly
restored（修复）to
its
1860
appearance,
the
house
was
Abraham
and
Mary
Lincoln's
home
for
17
years.
In
1844
they
bought
it
for
$1,200
and
some
land
from
Charles
Dresser,
who
performed
their
___38___
（marry）ceremony
in
1842.
21
cnjy
com
5.（2021年全国甲卷）
We
hired
our
bikes
f
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)rom
the
rental
place
at
the
South
Gate.
My
bike
was
old
and
shaky
but
did
the
job.
It
took
us
about
3
hours
to
go
all
___48___
way
around
the
Xi'an
City
Wall.
Supposedly
you
can
do
it
in
two
hours,
but
we
stopped
at
the
different
gates
and
___49___
(watchtower)
to
fake
pictures
or
just
to
watch
the
local
people
going
about
their
daily
routines.【出处：21教育名师】
【2020年】
1.（2020·新课标I卷）The
far
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
side
of
the
moon
is
of
particular
64
(interesting)
to
scientists
because
it
has
a
lot
of
deep
craters
(环形山)，more
so
than
the
familiar
near
side.21·世纪
教育网
2.（2020·新课标I卷）Next
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
I
broke
the
eggs
into
a
bowl
and
beat
them
quickly
with
chopstick.
3.（2020·新课标II卷）Chinese
New
Year
is
a
61
(celebrate)
marking
the
end
of
the
winter
season
and
the
beginning
of
spring.21教育名师原创作品
4.（2020·新课标II卷）Luckily，I
will
go
home
in
two
weeks
for
summer
vacations.
5.（2020·新课标III卷）Filled
with
64．
(curious)，the
artist
packed
his
bags
and
left.
6.
（2020·江苏卷）T
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)he
health
security
systems
of
many
countries
are
undergoing
considerable
______.
A.
reservation
B.
transformation
C.
distinction
D.
submission
7.（2020·山东卷）His
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)torical
44．
(accurate)
is
important
but
so
is
entertainment.
8.（2020·浙江卷）Later，
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)they
learned
to
work
with
the
62．
(season)，planting
at
the
right
time
and，in
dry
areas，
63（making）
(make)use
of
annual
floods
to
irrigate(灌溉)their
fields.【版权所有：21教育】
【2019年】
1.【2019·江苏卷】Nowadays
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
the
___________
for
travelling
is
shifted
from
shopping
to
food
and
scenery.
A.
priority
B.
potential
C.
proportion
D.
pension
2.【2019·天津卷】We
can
ob
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)serve
that
artificial
intelligence
has
already
made
a(n)
___________on
our
lives
in
many
ways.21·cn·jy·com
A.
statement
B.
impact
C.
impression
D.
judgment
3.【2019·新课标I卷】O
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)f
___69___
nineteen
recognized
polar
bear
subpopulations，three
are
declining，six
are
(be)
stable，one
is
increasing，and
nine
lack
enough
data.2-1-c-n-j-y
4【2019·新课标I卷】Suddenl
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)y
football
feel
just
in
front
of
me
but
almost
hit
me.21
cnjy
com
5.【2019·浙江卷】Everybody
wears___57___
same
style
of
clothes.21教育网
【2018年】
1.【2018·天津】The__________
that
there
is
life
on
other
planets
in
the
universe
has
always
inspired
scientists
to
explore
the
outer
space.
A.
advice
B.
order
C.
possibility
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
D.
invitation2.
【2018·新课标卷I】Two
of
the
authors
of
the
review
also
made
a
study
published
in
2014
that/which
showed
a
mere
five
to
10
minutes
a
day
of
running
reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all
67
(cause).2·1·c·n·j·y
3.
【2018·新课标卷I
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)】During
my
last
winter
holiday，I
went
to
countryside
with
my
father
to
visit
my
grandparents.4.
【2018·新课标卷II】Corn
production
has
jumped
nearly
125
percent
over
___62___
past
25
years，while
rice
has
increased
only
7
percent.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
5.
【2018·新课标卷III】Unex
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)pectedly，I'm
face-to-face
with
the
gorilla，who
begins
screaming
at
____62____
top
of
her
lungs.
That
makes
her
baby
scream，and
then
a
400-pound
male
appears.6.
【2018·新课标卷III】My
name
is
Mireya
Mayor.
I'm
a
___66___(science)who
studies
animals
such
as
apes
and
monkeys.7.
【2018·浙江卷】Few
people
I
know
seem
to
have
much
desire
or
time
to
cook.
Making
Chinese
56
(dish)
is
seen
as
especially
troublesome.8.
【2018·浙江卷】F
Researchers
have
found
that
there
is
a
direct
link
between
the
increase
in
food
eaten
outside
the
home
and
the
rise
in
64
(weigh)
problems.
【2017年】
1.
【2017·新课标卷
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)I】As
65
result，people
will
eat
more
food
to
try
to
make
up
for
that
something
missing.www.21-cn-jy.com
2.
【2017·新课标卷II
】It
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ran
for
just
under
seven
kilometers
and
allowed
people
to
avoid
terrible
61 (crowd)
on
the
roads
above
as
they
travelled
to
and
fromwork.【来源：21cnj
y.co
m】
3.
【2017·新课标卷II
】Th
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)is
included
digging
up
the
road， laying
(lay)
the
track
and
then
building
a
strong
roof
over
64 top.
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