必修三Module 6 old and new 语言点
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| 名称 | 必修三Module 6 old and new 语言点 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2012-05-18 07:17:42 | ||
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(共163张PPT)
必修三
Module 6 Old and New
古老的与新生的
语言点
基础自主回顾
Ⅰ.课标单词
1．__________始于(某一历史时期)(vi.)
2．__________发(电)(vt.)
3．__________利用；将(自然力)变成动力(vt.)
4．__________狭窄的(adj.)
5．__________迁移；搬迁(vt.)
date
generate
harness
narrow
remove
6．__________荒唐的；可笑的(adj.)
7．__________巨大的；庞大的(adj.)
8．__________有浓雾的(adj.)
9．__________(飞机)失事；坠毁(vi.)
10．__________(土木)工程(n.)→__________工程师(n.)
11．_____________容纳(乘客等)(vt.)→______________住宿，工作场所(n.)
ridiculous
enormous
foggy
crash
engineering
engineer
accommodate
accommodation
12．_____________建造；建设；建筑(n.)→__________建设；建造(vt.)
13．__________历史的；有关历史的(adj.)→__________历史(n.)→__________历史性的(adj.)
14．__________冷冰冰的，极冷的(adj.)→__________结冰的；冷冻的(adj.)→__________结冰(v.)
construction
construct
historical
history
historic
freezing
frozen
freeze
Ⅱ.常用短语
1．___________________始于，起源于
2．_____________________梦想，渴望
3．___________________________________结束；终止
4．______________________正对……进行访问
5．________________________阻止
6．_____________________等于，胜任，和……匹敌
date from/ back to
dream of/ about
bring an end to sth./ bring sth. to an end
be on a visit to
hold back
be equal to
7．____________有意义；有道理
8．____________(梦想等)变成现实
9．____________算出；解决
10．____________划掉，删掉
11．____________既然，由于
make sense
come true
work out
cross out
now that
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．It ____________________ US $ 20 billion.
它花费了6年时间建成，耗资200亿美元。
答案：took six years to build and cost
2．____________ to see the relics now that they have been submerged
既然这些遗迹已经被淹没了，还有可能看到它们吗？
答案：Is it possible
3．The Three Gorges Dam, which is the biggest construction project in China ________ the building of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal, has been built to control flooding and ________ hydro－electric power ________ the central region of China.
三峡大坝是自长城和大运河修建以来中国最大的建设工程，它的建造是为了控制洪水和向华中地区提供电力。
答案：since; provide; for
4．The dam is nearly ____________ and ____________.
大坝将近200米高，1500米宽。
答案：200 metres high; 1.5 kilometres wide
Ⅳ.模块语法
1．(2009·烟台调研)Nowadays teenagers like to go to fast food restaurants, ________ as the name suggests, eating doesn't take much time.
A. who B. where
C. which D. what
答案：B
2．(2009·天津)I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched, ________ has a great effect on my life.
A. when; which B. that; which
C. which; that D. when; that
答案：A
3．(2009·乐山调研)If a shop has chairs ________ women can park their men, women will spend more time shopping.
A. that B. which
C. when D. where
答案：D
4．(2009·海淀)While driving through the city, she showed me the building ________ she once worked as a lift operator.
A. when B. which
C. by which D. in which
答案：D
5．(2009·东城)The supermarket has so little parking space, ________ is really a problem.
A. which B. what
C. it D. as
答案：A
归纳总结
误区警示：date from/date back to常指以“现在为起点”往前推，故在句中作谓语时，常用一般现在时，且无被动语态。若句中有信息提示从过去某一时间往前推，则用过去时态。
重点难点研析
1. date n． 日期；年代；时代；约会
v． 加日期于；起始于(某时期)；属于(某时期)
(回归课本P51)Most of the Great Wall dates from the Ming Dynasty (1368～1644)．
长城的大部分始建于明朝(1368年～1644年)。
朗文在线：
①Have you set a date for the wedding
婚礼的日子定下来了吗？
②To date there has been no improvement in his condition.
到现在为止，他的状况还是没有好转。
③This church dates from the 13th century.
这座教堂的历史可以追溯到13世纪。
命题方向：date的相关短语是重要考点。
活学巧练：
I received a letter __________ October 1,2009.
A．date B．dating
C．dated D．to be dated
答案与解析：C 句意：我收到一封信，信上的日期是2009年10月1日。date a letter在信上写地址，date与letter之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。
2．The custom________the 8th century when people knew little about the earth where they lived.
A．dates back to B．is dated to
C．is dated from D．dates to
解析：选A。date back to/date from表示“始于；追溯到”，不用被动语态，常用一般现在时态。本句意为“这种习俗始于八世纪，当时人们对于他们所居住的地球并不了解。”
★3.________as this computer is，it may be________in less than two years’ time.
A．Up to date；up to date
B．Up to date；out of date
C．Out of date；out of date
D．Out of date；up to date
解析：选B。up to date表示“最新的；先进的”；out of date则表示“过时的；落后的”。根据句意“尽管这台计算机现在是先进的，但用不了两年时间，它就可能是落后的。”
2．accommodate vt. 供应，供给；使适应；向……提供；容纳(乘客等)；迎合，迁就 vi.适应
(回归课本P51)The airport is within five hours’ flying time of half the world’s population and is designed to accommodate 80 million passengers a year.
该机场位于世界上一半人口五小时飞行时间所到达的距离之内，该机场的设计可以容纳每年八千万乘客的流量。
精讲拓展：
①accommodate sb. with sth.提供某人某物
②accommodate sth. to sth.适应，迁就，迎合
③accommodate oneself to new conditions适应新的情况
④accommodate oneself to使自己适应于
⑤accommodative adj.乐于助人的，随和的，善于适应新环境的
⑥accommodation n．住处，膳宿；(车、船、飞机等的)预定铺位；和解
误区警示：短语accommodate oneself to中的to为介词，故其后的宾语应用doing形式。
He can't accommodate himself to doing the hard work.
他无法使自己适应艰苦的工作。
朗文在线：
①The hall can only accommodate 200 people.
这个大厅只能容纳200人。
②We've made every effort to accommodate your point of view.
我们已经尽力迁就你们的观点。
③We reached an accommodation between both parties.
我们双方达成了和解。
命题方向：accommodate oneself to (doing) sth.是重要考点。有时也考查名词在语境中的辨析。
活学巧练：
Hotel __________ is included in the price of your holiday.
A．accomplishment B．accommodation
C．account D．accompany
答案与解析：B 句意：你度假的价格包括旅馆住宿在内。accomplishment“成就，成绩”；accommodation“住宿，膳宿”；account“账户，叙述”；accompany“陪同，陪伴”。
即境活用
3．How many people can this hall________？
A．be seated B．containing
C．held D．accommodate
解析：选D。accommodate＝hold表示“容纳”，A、B、C形式不对。本句意为“这个大厅可以容纳多少人？”
★4.The new apartment built a few months ago is large enough to________over two hundred people.
A．contain B．provide
C．reside D．accommodate
解析：选D。句意“几月前新建的公寓楼很大，能容纳200多人。”
⑥removable adj.可移动的
⑦removed adj.离开的，远离……的；与……无关的
⑧remover n．搬运工；去除剂
注意：①move强调位置和姿态的改变。
②remove强调完全放弃原来的地方而到达新的位置，有时相当于take away/off。表示“迁居时”，两者均可用。
3．remove vt. 移动，开除，除去，搬迁；移交 vi.迁移，搬家 n． 移动；距离；升级
(回归课本P53)Some of them are being removed and some are being put into museums.
其中的一些正在被搬迁，有一些正被放进博物馆里。
①at one remove隔一代(之嫡亲)
②be removed from与……远离；与……疏远；与……不一样
③remove all doubts消除一切怀疑
④be removed from school被开除，被勒令退学
⑤remove oneself走开，离去
易混辨析
move，remove
二者都可表示“移动”，但用法不同。
(1)move强调位置和姿态的改变。
(2)remove强调完全放弃原来的地方而到达新的位置，有时相当于take away/off；表示“搬迁，迁移”时，remove和move都可以，但是一般用move。
①The Smiths are moving to New York next week.
②You must do all you can to remove his doubts.
即境活用
5．Bad habits are no way easy to be________；it needs your determination.
A．replaced B．moved
C．removed D．got rid
解析：选C。这里remove表示“除掉”；replace则表示“替换”；move表示“移动；搬家”；get rid of表示“除去”。本句意为“坏习惯绝不是很容易就能除掉的，那需要你的决心。”
★6.Teenagers shouldn’t be ________from school although they don’t do well in studies.
A．disappeared B．gone
C．removed D．beaten
解析：选C。句意“尽管中学生学习不好也不能从学校赶走。”
活学巧练：
Bad habits are no way easy to be __________；it needs your determination.
A．replaced B．moved
C．removed D．got rid
答案与解析：C 戒除坏习惯应用remove bad habits或get rid of bad habits，故选C项。replace“代替，取代”；move“移动，迁移”。
5．hold back阻止，阻挡；抑制，控制；隐瞒；犹豫
(回归课本P53)Mao Zedong wrote a poem in which he dreamed of “walls of stone to hold back clouds and rain till a smooth lake rises in the narrow gorges”．毛泽东写过一首词，在词中，他想象了“更立西江石壁，截断巫山云雨，高峡出平湖”的壮丽景观。
①Hold it！(电话)别挂断！
②hold on继续；不要挂断(电话)
③hold on to抓住……
④hold out伸出(手)
⑤hold up拿起；举起；使停顿
⑥hold back阻止，抑制；克扣；隐瞒
⑦hold one's breath屏息
⑧hold one's head up抬起头来
⑨hold water能成立，站得住
⑩catch/get/grab/seize/take hold of抓住，拿住，握住
误区警示：
在get/catch/take hold of短语中，hold为名词，其前不加冠词。
朗文在线：
①They had erected the barriers to hold back the flood.
他们筑起屏障阻挡洪水。
②We struggled to hold back our laughter.
我们竭力忍住不笑。
命题方向：hold back与hold out，hold on，hold up等词语的辨析是考查的重点。
活学巧练：
(1)The movie was so touching that we couldn't ______________ (抑制) our tears.
(2)Jim was able to _____________(控制) his anger and avoided a fight.
(3) She was ________something ________ (隐瞒) from me.
hold back
hold back
back
held
(4) He _______________(抓住) the rock to stop himself slipping.
(5)Our flight was ______________(耽搁，延误) because of the bad weather.
(6)The pupil _____________(举起) his hand to ask the teacher a question.
took hold of
held back
held up
即境活用
★7.Watching me playing various tricks to stop the baby crying，the mother fought hard to________her laughter.
A．hold back B．take off
C．carry on D．turn down
解析：选A。hold back阻止；take off脱下；carry on继续；turn down调低。句意：看着我使出浑身解数不让婴儿哭，妈妈尽力忍住笑。故选A。
高考直击
(2008·江苏·23)—Is Peter there
—________， please. I'll see if I can find him for you.
A．Hold up B．Hold on
C．Hold out D．Hold off
答案：B 考查短语动词。hold up“举起，阻挡，使停顿”；hold on “坚持，别挂电话”；hold out “伸出”；hold off “推迟，拖延”。由句意看出B合乎上下文。
即学即用
We thought of selling this old furniture, but we've decided to________it. It might be valuable.
A．hold on to B．keep up with
C．turn on D．look after
答案：A
8．用介、副词填空
①I think he is holding something________；he knows more than he admits.
②We didn’t know whether we would be able to hold________until help arrived.
③Our car was held________in the heavy traffic.
答案：①back ②on ③up
6．work out计算出；解决；理解，成功地发展
精讲拓展：
①sth.work out某事成功地发展；逐渐解决
②work sth.out计算出；制订出；设法弄懂
③work on sth.致力于(做)某事
④work up to (doing)sth.逐渐下决心去做不想做的事
⑤work sth.off发泄
误区警示：work out既可作及物动词的用法，又可作不及物动词的用法且含义用法不同，请区分好！
朗文在线：
①You can work out the answer by adding all the numbers.
你把所有数加在一起就能算出答案了。
②UN negotiators have worked out a set of compromise proposal.
联合国谈判人员制订出一套折中方案。
③The plot is very complicated, it'll take you a while to work it out.
情节极其复杂，你要花一些时间才能弄明白。
命题方向：work out，work on，work off等以词语辨析题的形式出现。
活学巧练：翻译句子
(1)这道题很难做出来。
(2)尽管题目很难，他们最终把它解出来了。
答案：(1)The question is hard to work out.
(2)Though the problem is difficult, they managed to work it out finally.
7．make sense 讲得通；有意义，有道理；可理解
(回归课本P54)If you take away the attributive clauses，do the sentences still make sense
如果你把定语从句去掉，这个句子还讲得通吗？
①make no sense讲不通；无意义
②make sense of sth.懂；了解……含义
③in a sense就某种意义而言，在某种角度上
④in no sense决不
⑤come to one's sense苏醒(＝bring sb. to his sense)
⑥in one's senses头脑健全，神志清醒
⑦out of one's senses愚蠢，精神不正常
⑧There is no sense doing sth.做某事无意义
命题方向：make sense及in no sense是高考命题的重点。
例句探源
①Read this article and tell me if it makes sense.
阅读这篇文章，告诉我它的意思是否明确。
②It just doesn’t make sense—why would she do such a thing
这真是无法解释——她为什么会做这样的事情？
③There is no sense in getting upset about it now.
现在为这件事苦恼是没有意义的。
④What he said just now makes no sense to me.
＝I make no sense of what he said just now.
我没明白他刚才说的话。
易混辨析
make sense，make sense of
(1)make sense“有意义；有道理；讲得通；可理解”，物作主语，无被动语态，用to引出人。
(2)make sense of“弄懂；理解”，人作主语，可以用于被动语态，用of引出物。
①This sentence doesn’t make sense to me；I cannot understand it at all.
②Can you make sense of what this American is saying
★10.I have read the materials several times but it doesn’t make any________to me.
A．meaning B．importance
C．sense D．significance
解析：选C。考查固定短语make sense表示“有道理；有意义；讲得通”的意思。本句意为“这些材料我已读了好几遍了，但我一直看不懂。”
即境活用
9．Dogs have a very good________of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.
A．sense B．view
C．means D．idea
解析：选A。句意是：狗有很好的嗅觉感，所以经常被用来在地震中寻找那些幸存的人。have a sense of...是固定词组，意为“有……感”。have a good view of“很好地看到……”；means“手段”，不能构成这个词组；have an idea of“了解……”。
活学巧练：
(1)Can you __________________(理解) this poem
(2)What you say is true ___________________(从某种意义上来说)．
(3)When I __________________(恢复理智)，I was lying on the ground.
make sense of
in a sense
came to my senses
(4)This poem doesn't __________ to me.Can you explain it to me
A．make sense B．make senses
C．make a difference D．have sense
答案与解析：A make sense to sb.“在某人看来有道理，有意义”。根据下文可知选A项。make a difference“起作用，有重要性”。
8．bring an end to结束；终止
①bring an end to＝bring... to an end结束，终止
②come to an end结束，完结
③put an end to结束；消除
④carry... through to the end把某事进行到底
⑤make ends meet量入为出；使收支相抵
⑥in the end最后
⑦by the end of到……末
⑧from beginning to end从头到尾
⑨end to end头对头地；首尾相连地
朗文在线：
①I'm determined to carry this through to the end.
我决定把这事进行到底。
②Since Mike lost his job, we can hardly make ends meet.
自从迈克失业以后，我们简直难以维持生计。
活学巧练：
(1)Winning the competition ________ his financial problems.
A. was an end B. came to an end
C. brought an end to D. put an end
答案与解析：C 句意：赢得比赛结束了他的财政危机。come to an end结束，为不及物动词短语，其后不跟宾语；put an end to结束，但D项表达不对；bring an end to结束，为及物动词短语，其后跟宾语。
完成句子
(2)They ________ the project to an end last month.
他们上个月就把工程结束了。
(3)After two hours they brought ___________the meeting，but they didn't make a decision.
两个小时过去了，他们结束了会议，可是并没有结果。
brought
an end to
句型巧析
1【教材原句】 Sun Yat sen，who was the leader of the 1911 Revolution，first suggested the idea of a dam across the Yangtze River in 1919.(P53)
1911年辛亥革命的领导人孙中山于1919年首先提出了在长江上建造大坝的设想。
【句法分析】 suggest在此处意为“提出；建议”，常用搭配为suggest sth./doing...。
①She suggested traveling by bus.
她建议乘公共汽车旅行。
suggest后还可跟从句。当“建议”讲时，后跟宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即：suggest that sb.(should)do sth.，其中should可以省略；当表示“表明；暗示”讲时，后跟宾语从句，不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。
suggest的名词为suggestion，凡是与suggestion(表示“建议”)相关的从句也都要用虚拟语气，即从句用that sb.(should)do...的形式。make a suggestion提建议
②He made a suggestion that we should start at once.
＝His suggestion was that we should start at once.
他建议我们立刻动身。
误区警示：suggest表示“建议”后接从句时，需用虚拟语气，即动词用(should)do；但若表示“表明”讲时，其后不用虚拟语气的从句。
朗文在线：
①John suggested going together in one car.
约翰建议大家坐同一辆汽车去。
②She suggested that we(should) write that into the contract.
她建议我们把那一点写进合同。
命题方向：suggest后接从句是否用虚拟语气的动词形式是常考点。
活学巧练：
He suggested we ________ a meeting and it may be suggested he ________ interested in our plan.
A. to hold; was B. hold; was
C. held; be D. held; should be
答案与解析：B 第一个suggest是建议，第二个是“表明”。
即境活用
11．Recently quite a lot of experts________that another law on wildlife protection________as soon as possible.
A．were suggested；must be passed
B．have suggested；be passed
C．were suggesting；was passed
D．suggested；being passed
解析：选B。recently表示“最近”在句中作时间状语，句子常用现在完成时；suggest表示“建议”讲后跟宾语从句时，从句常用虚拟语气，即sb.(should)do sth.或sth.(should)be done(被动)，其中should可以省略，故选B。本句意为“最近相当多的专家建议应该尽快再通过一部关于保护野生动物的法律。”
2【教材原句】 It was the tallest building in the world until the World Trade Centre was built in New York in 1972.(P59)
直到1972年纽约建立起世贸大厦，它一直是世界上最高的建筑物。
【句法分析】 (1)该句中until引导的是一个时间状语从句，表示“直到……”，当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时，既可用肯定形式也可用否定形式，但意义不同。
①We discussed the problem until they came back.
我们讨论那个问题一直到他们回来。
②We didn’t discuss the problem until they came back.
直到他们回来我们才讨论那个问题。
(2)但若主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，则只能用否定形式。
③His parents didn’t go to bed until he came back.
直到他回来他的父母才上床睡觉。
(3)not...until...表示“直到……才……”，常用于两种句式：即倒装句或强调句。
④The villagers didn’t realize how serious the pollution was until the fish in the river died out.
→Not until the fish in the river died out did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.(倒装句)
→It was not until the fish in the river died out that the villagers realized how serious the pollution was.(强调句)
直到河里的鱼都死光了之后村民们才意识到污染是多么严重。
即境活用
12．(2010年安徽江南十校模拟)It wasn’t until the 2010 CCTV Spring Festival Gala(央视春晚)________．
A．did the former pop band Little Tiger reunite
B．that the former pop band Little Tiger reunited
C．then did the former pop band Little Tiger reunite
D．when the former pop band Little Tiger reunited
解析：选B。句意：直到2010年的央视春晚，前流行乐队小虎队才再次组合献艺。此句是含有not until的强调句：It is/was not until...that＋原句剩余成分。原句为：The former pop band Little Tiger didn’t reunite until the 2010 CCTV Spring Festival Gala.。故选B。
知识拓展
1)since在此作介词，意为“从……以来、以后或到现在”。
He had spoken to her only once since the party.
自从那次聚会以来，他只跟她说过一次话。
2)since还可作连词：
(1)意为“从……以来”。
It's five years since I received your letter.
自从我收到你的来信以来已经5年了。
(2)意为“由于，既然，鉴于”，语气比because稍弱，表示关系上的自然结果，特别用于对于已经清楚了的事情，往往放在句首。
Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, Mr Smith wanted to give him a chance.
鉴于许多人在生活中都会犯错，史密斯先生想给他一次机会。
提示：
1)since的意思是“自……以来就”，引导时间状语从句时，主句一般用现在完成时。
2)在It's...years since...句式中，当since引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词为瞬间动词时，则句子译为“自……以来多久了”；若从句的谓语动词为延续性动词，则句子译为“不……多久了”。
即学即用
It was some time________he realized that he had done something wrong.
A．when B．until
C．since D．before
答案：D
3.Do you know the name of the reservoir that provides water for your town
你知道给你们城里供水的水库叫什么名字吗？
品味经典
①It’s the parents’ role to provide that protection.
提供那样的保护是父母的任务。
②In the future outer space might provide us with new energy sources.
将来外太空也许能给我们提供新的能源。
③We are here to provide a service for the public.
我们来这里是为公众服务。
自我探究
provide是及物动词，意为“提供，供给”。构成短语：provide sb.with sth.＝provide sth.for sb.给某人提供……
归纳拓展
④Without work，how can I provide for my children
没有工作，我如何抚养我的孩子？
⑤I don’t mind Guy coming with us，provided he pays for his own meals.
只要盖伊自付餐费，我不介意他和我们一起去。
⑥Sure you can borrow the car，providing you get it back to me before 10 o’clock.
只要你在10点钟之前还我，你当然可以借车。
易混辨析
provide，supply，offer
这三个词意思基本相同，主要在于搭配不同：provide sb. with sth.＝provide sth. for sb.；supply sth. to/for sb.
＝supply sb.with sth.；offer sb.sth.＝offer sth.to sb.
⑦Can you provide accommodation for thirty people
你能为三十人提供住宿吗？
⑧I did what I could to offer comfort to the family.
我尽力为家庭提供舒适。
⑨Students are supplied with a lot of books at the beginning of term.
在学期初，会给学生提供许多书。
牛刀小试
用provide，supply与offer的适当形式填空
(1)The hotel ____________ a shoe cleaning service for guests.
(2)They were arrested for ____________ drugs to street dealers.
(3)They ____________ him a good job but he turned it down.
答案：(1)provides (2)supplying (3)offered
8It is the largest hydro-electric power station and dam in the world and has cost more than any other construction project in history.
三峡大坝是世界上最大的水力发电站和大坝，其建造费用超过了历史上任何一个其它建筑工程的费用。
品味经典
①He did the job better than the other persons in the group.＝He did the job best in the group.
他做这工作是小组里做得最好的。
②She goes to school earlier than any other girl.
＝She goes to school earliest among the girls.
她比其他女孩到校早。
③Jack runs faster than any of the other boys in his class.
＝Jack runs fastest among the boys in his class.
杰克是他班上跑的最快的男生。
自我探究
than any other ＋单数名词“比其他任何一个都……”，前后比较的对象属同一范畴是用非最高级结构表达最高级含义；如果两个比较对象不在同一范畴，则用than any ＋单数名词。该结构有以下三种形式：
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than ____________________(其他任何地区的房租)of the city.
答案：that in any other area
(2)He donated more money than _____________________(比其他男演员)．
答案：the other actors/any other actor/any of the other actors
9．非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句可以修饰先行词，也可以修饰整个主句，对所修饰的部分起补充情况或附加说明作用。书写时，往往用逗号与主句分开。即使省略，也不影响主句意思的完整。因此，一些专有名词及一些表示“唯一”概念的人或物，带有形容词性物主代词或是形容词性指示代词作限定词的名词词组后常用此类从句。
(1)非限制性定语从句的关系词
①who指人作主语，whom作宾语，whose作定语。whose引导的定语从句的先行词可指人也可指物。
②which指物，作主语或宾语。
③when和where分别指时间和地点，作状语。
④关系代词as
引导限制性定语从句，用于such(...)as，the same(...) as和as many(或as much)．..as结构中：
Such books as you bought are useless.(as作宾语)
你买的这样的书没用。
引导非限制性定语从句，说明整个主句；从句的位置可在主句前、主句中或主句后，常用逗号与主句隔开。
As is often the case, Mary was late for school.(as作主语)
就像平常那样，玛丽迟到了。
(2)as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
as引导的从句可在主句前、中、后，常用逗号和主句隔开。which引导的从句一般在主句后，也用逗号与主句隔开。
(3)在非限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系词不能省略。也不能用that和why引导非限制性定语从句。
(4)当whose表示事物或抽象概念时，“whose＋名词”可以与“名词＋of＋which”结构互换。
(5)限制性和非限制性定语从句
①限制性定语从句起限定作用，是主句不可缺少的部分，与先行词间无逗号；翻译时常译成前置定语：
Those who want to go, please sign your names here.
想去的人请在这里签名。
②非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，省去后不影响主句的意思，并且常用逗号与主句分开；翻译时常译成并列的分句：
This note was left by John, who was here a moment ago.
这条子是约翰留的，他刚才来过这儿。
10．定语从句的省略形式
(1)口语中，作动词宾语或介词宾语(这时介词不可在关系代词前)的关系代词常可省略：
Have you found the book(that) you want
你找到你要的书了吗？
This is the man we have talked about.
这就是我们谈到过的那个人。
(在英语会话中，常省去whom，或用who、that代替。在以介词结尾的从句中几乎不能用whom)
但This is the man about whom we talked.中的whom不可省略。
(2)口语中，关系副词或其对等结构“介词＋which”有时可以省略(尤其是先行词为way时)：
This is the reason(why或that或for which) I did it.
这就是我这样做的原因。
(3)关系代词作表语时，常省略：
She is no longer the girl (that) she was ten years ago.
活学巧练：
(1)The Beatles，________ many of you are old enough to remember，came from Liverpool.
A. what B. that
C. how D. as
答案：D
(2)I was given three books on cooking, the first ________I really enjoyed.
A. of that B. of which
C. that D. which
答案：B
(3)I have many friends, ________ some are businessmen.
A. of them B. from which
C. who of D. of whom
答案：D
(4)Once more I am in Boston, ________ I have not been for ten years.
A. which B. where
C. that D. as
答案：B
(5)________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When
C. What D. As
答案：D
考 题 演 练
1.Because of the financial crisis, days are gone ________ local 5－star hotels charged 6000 yuan for one night.
A. if B. when
C. which D. since
答案与解析：B 本题考查定语从句。从四个选项的特点可以看出此题要考查从句的引导词。将A、D两项代入，句意明显不通。C项引导定语从句时要在句子当中作主语或宾语，所以它也不合适。此题还有一个难点就是定语从句和先行词被分割开了，做题时要注意复原。分割式定语从句将会是一个常考的考点，应该引起注意。句意：因为金融危机，当地五星级旅馆每晚收费6000元的日子已经一去不复返了。when引导一个限制性定语从句修饰先行词days，并且在从句中作状语。
2．—Sorry, I have to ________ now. It's time for class.
—OK, I'll call back later.
A. hang up B. break up
C. give up D. hold up
答案与解析：A 本题考查结合语境辨析动词短语的用法。解答该类题目时，既要掌握短语的用法，又要熟悉对话的语境。hang up挂断电话；break up分解，分裂；拆散；give up放弃；hold up支撑；耽搁。由语境中出现的call back later可知，此处应选择与打电话有关的短语。
3．I'm not surprised that he became a writer. Even as a child he had a ________ imagination.
A. clear B. cautious
C. funny D. vivid
答案与解析：D 考查形容词词义的辨析。clear清晰的；cautious小心谨慎的；funny滑稽的；vivid丰富的；生动的。have a vivid imagination有丰富的想象力。
4．Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ________ in a short period.
A. improved B. improving
C. to improve D. improve
答案与解析：A 本题考查“have sth. done”这一短语使用。句意：詹妮希望史密斯先生会提出一个好方法，使她的书面英语水平可以在短时间内得以提高。have sth. done可以表示“使……被做”。
5．I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city ________ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.
A. which B. of which
C. that D. whose
答案与解析：D 本题考查定语从句的引导词。正确分析句式结构是解题的关键，同时要注意关系词的用法。分析句式结构可知，空格处在句中作定语修饰name，其先行词是a city，所以用whose引导定语从句。如果用which，需使用the name of which的形式。
6．—Jack, what do you think of the event which not only promoted ________ of world hunger, but raised a lot of money to help these poor children
—That's great.
A. contribution B. direction
C. awareness D. loneliness
答案与解析：C 句意：——杰克，你认为那项不仅可以提高人们对世界饥饿现象的认识还可以为帮助那些穷孩子集资的项目怎样？——非常棒。contribution贡献；direction指导；awareness理解，认识；loneliness孤独。
7．Yesterday she sold her car, ________ she bought a month ago.
A. when B. where
C. that D. which
答案与解析：D 考查非限制性定语从句。注意选项在从句中充当什么成分，这是解题的关键。which引导非限制性定语从句，充当bought的宾语。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
8．Dogs have a very good ________ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.
A. sense B. view
C. means D. idea
答案与解析：A 考查名词的词义。a sense of smell嗅觉。句意：狗嗅觉灵敏，经常被用来搜寻地震中的幸存者。
9．—Can those ________ at the back of the classroom hear me
—No problem.
A. seat B．sit
C. seated D. sat
答案与解析：C 本题考查分词短语作定语。解答这类题时，一定要弄清分词和被修饰词之间的逻辑关系。________ at the back of the classroom为分词短语作定语。sit为不及物动词，可用sitting...作定语；seat为及物动词，常与反身代词连用或用be seated形式。这里seat与those构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用其过去分词作定语。
Module 6 Old and New
practice
Ⅰ.根据句意，用所给单词或短语的适当形式填空
essential become famous for relic submerged remove suggest dream of under construction hold back bring an end to
1．They ________ the meeting with a complete agreement.
答案：brought an end to
2. During his stay in France, he ________ his hometown now and then.
答案：dreamed of
3. Feather falls to the ground much slower than a stone just because air ________ it ________ much more than it does the stone.
答案：holds...back
4. We can live without clothes, but food and drink are ________ to life.
答案：essential
5．My friend ________ I should make more efforts to improve my oral English.
答案：suggested
6．Floods ________ the town, and more than 5000 people became homeless.
答案：submerged
7．We saw ________ of ancient civilizations in the museum last week.
答案：relics
8．Please ________your bag so that I can sit down.
答案：remove
9．Several new railways are ________ in China.
答案：under construction
10．He ________ his unusual clothes and behaviour.
答案：becomes famous for
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．The old building __________ the 5th century is going to be rebuilt.
A．date from B. dated from
C. dating from D. dated back to
答案与解析：C 本题考查短语的用法。本句意为“那幢建于5世纪的古老建筑将被重建”。从句子的结构来看，空格的部分“__________ the 5th century”应该在句子中作定语，A项明显错误。B，D两项是一样的，过去分词在句子中用来表示被动或完成，动词date用一般现在时，而且不用被动语态。C项dating from是现在分词形式在句子中作定语。
2．How much time will it __________ to repair the old bridge
A．cost B. pay
C. take D. spend
答案与解析：C 本题考查动词词义辨析。本句意为“修好那座古老的桥要花费多长时间？”符合句型It takes sb.some time to do sth.，意为“(某人)花费若干时间做某事”。it为形式主语，后面的不定式短语“to do sth.”是真正的主语。pay意为“付款”主语为人；cost的主语是物；spend的主语是人。
3．The new suspension bridge __________ by the famous architect is __________ now.
A．designing; under construction
B. designed ; under construction
C. designing ; under the construction
D. designed; under the construction
答案与解析：B 本题考查非谓语动词designed和短语under construction的用法。under construction意为“在建设中”。design同bridge之间存在被动关系，相当于which was designed，故第一空用过去分词作后置定语。
4．As a child, he __________ becoming a doctor, and now his dream has been realized.
A．dreamed for B. dreamed of
C. dreams about D. dreamed to
答案与解析：B 本题考查短语dream of/about的用法。本句意为“当他还是孩子的时候，他梦想当一名医生，现在他的梦想实现了”。dream of意为“梦寐以求某物”。其中介词of可用about代替，但注意题中时态。
5．I hope your dream of becoming a world champion will __________ in the future.
A．come true B. come truly
C. come to truth D. be come true
答案与解析：A 本题考查动词短语come true的用法。本句意为“我希望你在将来实现想当世界冠军的梦想”。come true是固定短语，意为“(希望，理想等)实现，达到”，相当于be realized，其中come为连系动词，不能用于被动语态。
6．The local government has tried all means to __________ the river which used to flood every year.
A．cure B. harness
C. make D. treat
答案与解析：B 本题考查动词harness的用法。本句意为“当地政府已经尝试了所有的办法利用这条过去每年泛滥的河流”。harness意为“利用(风，水等自然力)为动力”。cure意为“治愈”，常用句型为cure sb.of sth.，意为“治愈某人的病”；make意为“制造，生产”；treat意为“对待，招待”。
7．The manager suggested __________ a meeting to discuss the problem.
A．us to have B. us having
C. to have D. we having
答案与解析：B 本题考查动词suggest的用法。本句意为“经理建议我们开个会来讨论这个问题”。“建议某人做某事”应该用suggest sb.doing sth.，不能用suggest sb.to do sth.结构。
8．Wherever he goes，he can always be __________ to new circumstances.
A．accommodate B．accommodating
C．accommodated D．accommodation
答案与解析：C be accommodated to“适应……”。
9．(2007·北京卷)We shouldn't spend our money testing so many people, most of________are healthy.
A．that B．which
C．what D．whom
答案与解析：D most of whom为“代词＋介词＋关系代词”在句中引导非限制性定语从句，whom指代先行词people。that不能放在介词后面。本题考查非限制性定语从句的用法。
10．(2007·陕西)We had wanted to finish our task by noon, but it didn't quite ________ as planned.
A. find out B. give out
C. hand out D. work out
答案与解析：D 该题考查动词短语的辨析。后半句句意为，我们的任务并未像计划那样地完成，work out“发展，成功地进展”，符合句意，而A项“找出”，B项“用完”，C项“分发”，均不合句意。动词短语辨析题的解答需做到两点：①看清题意，②选项的动词短语用法需了解并掌握，这就需要大家平时备考时注意动词短语的积累与运用。
11．I'd like you to __________ my name from your list. I don't want to be involved in the matter.
A．modify B．guide
C．remove D．weed
答案与解析：C 本题考查易混动词辨析。remove意为“去掉”。本句意为“我想要你把我的名字从你的名单上去掉。我不想卷入这件事中”。modify意为“修饰”，weed意为“锄去(草等)”；guide意为“指导，领导”。
12．They tossed your thoughts back and forth for over an hour, but still couldn't make __________ of them.
A．impression B．comprehension
C．meaning D．sense
答案与解析：D 本题考查固定短语make sense of sth.的用法。本句意为“他们反复考虑你的想法，考虑了一个多小时，仍然搞不清你的意思”。make sense of意为“懂得，了解其含义”。
13．At last the town council __________ the law that carnival was banned in the town.
A．came to an end B．was ended
C．put an end to D．was put an end to
答案与解析：C 本题考查短语辨析。come to an end意为“结束；完结”，相当于不及物动词，所以不能用于被动语态，主语一般是物。put an end to sth.意为“结束某物”，相当于及物动词，可以用于被动语态，主语一般是表示人或者某一组织的名词。
14．There was __________ time __________ I hated to go to school.
A．a; that B．a; when
C．the; that D．the; when
答案与解析：B 本题考查冠词的用法和定语从句。句中time表示“一段时间”，因此要用不定冠词a；时间名词后定语从句缺时间状语，应用关系副词when。
15．Suddenly the truck was out of control and __________ a tree.
A．broke into B．crashed into
C．crawled into D．burst into
答案与解析：B 本题考查短语辨析。本句意为“突然间，卡车失去了控制，撞到一棵树上”。crash意为“猛撞”；break into意为“强行进入”；crawl into意为“慢慢爬上”；burst into意为“突然发生”。
Ⅲ.翻译句子
1．他当医生的愿望实现了。(come true)
________________________________________________________________________
答案： His dream of being a doctor has come true.
2．他来不来对我都一样。(equal to)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：It is equal to me whether he comes or not.
3．我们建议立即开工。(suggest)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：We suggested that the work (should)be started at once.
4．我们从这里步行到车站要30分钟。(take)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：It takes us 30 minutes to walk from here to the station.
5．听了那个消息以后，她再也忍不住放声大哭。(hold back)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：After she heard the news, she couldn't hold back her tears.
Ⅳ.完形填空
One of my father's favorite sayings as I was growing up was “Try it！” I couldn't say I didn't like __1__， whatever it might be, __2__ I tried it. Over the years I've come to __3__ how much of my success I owe to my __4__ of those words as one of my values.
My __5__ job was just one I decided to try for a couple of years until I __6__ what I wanted to do as a career(职业). __7__ I believed I would work for a few years, get married, stay home and raise a family, so I didn't think the job I took __8__ that much. I couldn't have been more __9__. I mastered the skills of that beginning level position and I was given the opportunity(机会) to __10__ through the company into different __11__.
I accepted each new opportunity with the __12__，“Well, I'll try it; if I don't like it I can always go back to my __13__ position.” But I was with the same company for the past 28 years, and I've __14__ every career change I've made. I've discovered I __15__ a large number of different talents(才能) and skills that I never would have thought were within me had it not been for my being __16__ trying new opportunities.
I've also discovered that if I __17__ what I'm doing and work hard at achieving my __18__. I will succeed. That's why I am so __19__ to be a part of . I think __20__ has come and I am determined to make it a success.
1．A. everything B. something
C. everybody D. somebody
2．A. until after B. ever since
C. so that D. long before
3．A. consider B. argue
C. include D. realize
4．A. suggestion B. explanation
C. acceptance D. discussion
5．A. hard B. best
C. extra D. first
6．A. determined B. examined
C. experienced D. introduced
7．A. Actually B. Gradually
C. Finally D. Usually
8．A. helped B. required
C. expressed D. mattered
9．A. careful B. mistaken
C. interested D. prepared
10．A. look up B. take up
C. move up D. put up
11.A. situations B. choices
C. directions D. positions
12.A. thought B. reply
C. action D. advice
13.A. easier B. newer
C. earlier D. higher
14.A. permitted B. counted
C. organized D. enjoyed
15.A. show B. possess
C. need D. gather
16.A. lucky for B. slow at
C. open to D. afraid of
17.A. think of B. give away
C. believe in D. turn into
18.A. business B. goal
C. fortune D. growth
19.A. excited B. curious
C. surprised D. helpful
20．A. dream B. time
C. power D. honor
答案与解析：
1．B “直到我试过之后，我才能说我不喜欢某事。”something“某事”，符合句意。everything“任何事物，一切”，不合语境；C、D均指人，也不符合句意。
2．A until after I tried it“直到我试过之后”。
3．D “这些年，我开始意识到……”，realize指“心里意识到”，此处强调一个认识的过程。
4．C owe my success to my acceptance of those words“把我的成功归功于对这些话的认可”。
5．D 此处表示“我的第一份工作就是我决定先试几年直到我决定将来我从事什么样的职业”。
6．A determine“决心，决定”，符合句意。
7．A 由前后语境可知，此处表示：事实上，我认为我会工作几年，结婚，待在家里……
8．D “因此我认为我从事的这份工作并不重要”，matter vi.“重要，要紧”，符合语境。
9．B not...more否定比较级表达肯定的意思。“我是如此的错误”，mistaken“弄错的，出错的”，符合语境。
10．C look up“查阅”；take up“从事”；move up“挪动”；put up“张贴，挂起”。
11．D “我被给予机会在公司里不同的职位上工作”。position“位置，职位”，上文也有提示。
12．A “我都以这样的想法来接受每一个新的机会……”，thought“心思，想法”，符合语境。
13．C “我要试试。如果我不喜欢的话，我总能回到原先的位置上。”earlier“原先的，早一些的”。
14．D “在过去的28年里我在同一家公司，我喜欢我每次做出的改变。”enjoy“喜欢”。
15．B possess“拥有”，符合语境“我发现我拥有许多不同的才能和技巧……”。
16．C 如果我不面对一些新的机会的话……，open to“面对，朝……开放”。
17．C 我还发现如果我相信我做的事，并努力实现我的目标的话，我会成功的。
18．B achieve one's goal“实现某人的目标”。
19．A 联系上文可知，用excited“兴奋的”最为合适。
20．B 我认为时间已经到了，我下决心要成功。
Ⅴ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all. It is said that our body movements communicate about 50% of what we really mean while words themselves only express 7%. So, while your mouth is closed, just what is your body saying...
Arms. __1__ If you keep your arms to the sides of your body or behind your back, this suggests you are not afraid of taking on whatever comes your way. __2__ If someone upsets you, just cross your arms to show you're unhappy.
Head. When you want to appear confident, keep your head level. If you are monitor in class, you can take on this position when you want your words to be taken seriously. __3__Legs.
Your legs tend to move around a lot more than normal when you are nervous or telling lies. If you are at interviews, try to keep them still.
Posture. A good posture makes you feel better about yourself. __4__ This makes breathing more difficult, which in turn can make you feel nervous or uncomfortable.
Mouth. When you are thinking, you often purse (皱拢) your lips. You might also use this position to hold back all angry comment you don't wish to show. __5__
A. If you are feeling down, you normally don't sit straight, with your shoulders inwards.
B. If you are pleased, you usually open your eyes wide and people can notice this.
C. Outgoing people generally use their arms with big movements, while quieter people keep them close to their bodies.
D. How you hold your arms shows how open and receptive you are to people you meet.
E. However, it will probably still be noticed, and people will know you're not pleased.
F. However, to be friendly in listening or speaking, you must move your head a little to one side.
G. Don't say too much when you're happy.
答案：1—5 DCFAE
Ⅵ.书面表达
请根据下面提示，写一篇短文，词数不少于100。
At the Opening Ceremony of 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, all the audience were amazed to see the picture below, which is Chinese Character“和”．Please tell how you understand it.________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
I think“和”is a very good word to choose at the opening ceremony of this great gathering, which means “Harmony”in English. First, we need“Harmony”among our Chinese people. We have the same ancestor and belong to one big family. It is our wish to work together to make our country a strong one in the world. Second, we need“Harmony”among the world people.
If we can have a tolerant heart and show respect for different cultures，beliefs and religions, there will be no wars in the world. Besides, we need“Harmony” among all the living beings. Human beings and animals share the same earth, so we need a harmonious environment to live together. I think the word really represents our good feeling in this beautiful summer and it is remarkable to use this word to show our great Chinese culture.
写作技能培训
长句和短句的变换
长句含有许多修饰语，适合表达准确而复杂的思想，解释观点或理论，描写细致的事物；短句比较简洁、明快、有力，适合陈述重要的事实或想法。长句使文章富有气势，却容易产生语法错误，或者造成理解障碍；短句不容易出错，但是短句的堆砌容易让人感觉语言技巧不成熟、不老练。
在实际写作中，一味地采用长句或短句都是不可取的，要长短句交替使用。通常最简单而又适用于应试的长短句交错的方法是：以简单句为基础，配以适当的并列句和复合句。简单句可长可短，一般要加些附属成分，如分词短语、不定式短语、介词短语和副词短语等。
短句变长句
【佳句选粹1】
【原文】 【优化】
Lies do harm to those who are being told.Lies also do harm to those who tell them. Lies not only do harm to those who are being told，but also do harm to those who tell them.
【分析】 原来的两个句子之间存在明显的并列关系，因此应将其合二为一，改写成由“not only...，but also...”连接成的一个并列句，这样才更符合英语作为“形合语言”的特点。
【佳句选粹2】
【原文】 【优化】
His overall performance was outstanding and worked extremely well with people.He always proves himself hardworking and modest. His overall performance was outstanding and worked extremely well with people and he always proves himself hardworking and modest.
【分析】 原来的两个句子之间存在明显的并列关系，因此应将其合二为一，改写成由and连接成的一个并列句，这样才更符合英语作为“形合语言”的特点。
【佳句选粹3】
【原文】 【优化】
In most countries，schools can be divided into two broad categories：public schools and private schools.Public schools are financed by the government and enroll both boys and girls.The majority of private schools are single sex educational establishments. In most countries，schools can be divided into two broad categories：public schools，which are financed by the government and enroll both boys and girls，and private schools，the majority of which are single sex educational establishments.
【分析】 句子“Public schools are financed by the government and enroll both boys and girls.”中的“public schools”用which代替，并作为引导词变成非限制性定语从句；句子“The majority of private schools are single sex educational establishments.”中的“private schools”用which代替，变成了“the majority of which”形式，这正是定语从句“介词of＋which”结构。用了两个定语从句优化后，句子显得更有文采，而且更有气势。
长句变短句
长句固然能表达出复杂而缜密的思想，但如果片面追求复杂句式，华而不实，反而成为表达的累赘。
写作中句子的长短应根据表达的需要，有话则长，无话则短。短句不仅指句子长度较短，也指句子内部结构精练。简洁是一个重要的原则，用词累赘是写作的大忌。
【佳句选粹】
【原文】 【优化】
His father，who is a salesman，became a millionaire overnight. His father，a salesman，became a millionaire overnight.
【分析】 优化后的句子用同位语代替了原句中的定语从句，从而起到了精简句子的作用。
必修三
Module 6 Old and New
古老的与新生的
语言点
基础自主回顾
Ⅰ.课标单词
1．__________始于(某一历史时期)(vi.)
2．__________发(电)(vt.)
3．__________利用；将(自然力)变成动力(vt.)
4．__________狭窄的(adj.)
5．__________迁移；搬迁(vt.)
date
generate
harness
narrow
remove
6．__________荒唐的；可笑的(adj.)
7．__________巨大的；庞大的(adj.)
8．__________有浓雾的(adj.)
9．__________(飞机)失事；坠毁(vi.)
10．__________(土木)工程(n.)→__________工程师(n.)
11．_____________容纳(乘客等)(vt.)→______________住宿，工作场所(n.)
ridiculous
enormous
foggy
crash
engineering
engineer
accommodate
accommodation
12．_____________建造；建设；建筑(n.)→__________建设；建造(vt.)
13．__________历史的；有关历史的(adj.)→__________历史(n.)→__________历史性的(adj.)
14．__________冷冰冰的，极冷的(adj.)→__________结冰的；冷冻的(adj.)→__________结冰(v.)
construction
construct
historical
history
historic
freezing
frozen
freeze
Ⅱ.常用短语
1．___________________始于，起源于
2．_____________________梦想，渴望
3．___________________________________结束；终止
4．______________________正对……进行访问
5．________________________阻止
6．_____________________等于，胜任，和……匹敌
date from/ back to
dream of/ about
bring an end to sth./ bring sth. to an end
be on a visit to
hold back
be equal to
7．____________有意义；有道理
8．____________(梦想等)变成现实
9．____________算出；解决
10．____________划掉，删掉
11．____________既然，由于
make sense
come true
work out
cross out
now that
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．It ____________________ US $ 20 billion.
它花费了6年时间建成，耗资200亿美元。
答案：took six years to build and cost
2．____________ to see the relics now that they have been submerged
既然这些遗迹已经被淹没了，还有可能看到它们吗？
答案：Is it possible
3．The Three Gorges Dam, which is the biggest construction project in China ________ the building of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal, has been built to control flooding and ________ hydro－electric power ________ the central region of China.
三峡大坝是自长城和大运河修建以来中国最大的建设工程，它的建造是为了控制洪水和向华中地区提供电力。
答案：since; provide; for
4．The dam is nearly ____________ and ____________.
大坝将近200米高，1500米宽。
答案：200 metres high; 1.5 kilometres wide
Ⅳ.模块语法
1．(2009·烟台调研)Nowadays teenagers like to go to fast food restaurants, ________ as the name suggests, eating doesn't take much time.
A. who B. where
C. which D. what
答案：B
2．(2009·天津)I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched, ________ has a great effect on my life.
A. when; which B. that; which
C. which; that D. when; that
答案：A
3．(2009·乐山调研)If a shop has chairs ________ women can park their men, women will spend more time shopping.
A. that B. which
C. when D. where
答案：D
4．(2009·海淀)While driving through the city, she showed me the building ________ she once worked as a lift operator.
A. when B. which
C. by which D. in which
答案：D
5．(2009·东城)The supermarket has so little parking space, ________ is really a problem.
A. which B. what
C. it D. as
答案：A
归纳总结
误区警示：date from/date back to常指以“现在为起点”往前推，故在句中作谓语时，常用一般现在时，且无被动语态。若句中有信息提示从过去某一时间往前推，则用过去时态。
重点难点研析
1. date n． 日期；年代；时代；约会
v． 加日期于；起始于(某时期)；属于(某时期)
(回归课本P51)Most of the Great Wall dates from the Ming Dynasty (1368～1644)．
长城的大部分始建于明朝(1368年～1644年)。
朗文在线：
①Have you set a date for the wedding
婚礼的日子定下来了吗？
②To date there has been no improvement in his condition.
到现在为止，他的状况还是没有好转。
③This church dates from the 13th century.
这座教堂的历史可以追溯到13世纪。
命题方向：date的相关短语是重要考点。
活学巧练：
I received a letter __________ October 1,2009.
A．date B．dating
C．dated D．to be dated
答案与解析：C 句意：我收到一封信，信上的日期是2009年10月1日。date a letter在信上写地址，date与letter之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。
2．The custom________the 8th century when people knew little about the earth where they lived.
A．dates back to B．is dated to
C．is dated from D．dates to
解析：选A。date back to/date from表示“始于；追溯到”，不用被动语态，常用一般现在时态。本句意为“这种习俗始于八世纪，当时人们对于他们所居住的地球并不了解。”
★3.________as this computer is，it may be________in less than two years’ time.
A．Up to date；up to date
B．Up to date；out of date
C．Out of date；out of date
D．Out of date；up to date
解析：选B。up to date表示“最新的；先进的”；out of date则表示“过时的；落后的”。根据句意“尽管这台计算机现在是先进的，但用不了两年时间，它就可能是落后的。”
2．accommodate vt. 供应，供给；使适应；向……提供；容纳(乘客等)；迎合，迁就 vi.适应
(回归课本P51)The airport is within five hours’ flying time of half the world’s population and is designed to accommodate 80 million passengers a year.
该机场位于世界上一半人口五小时飞行时间所到达的距离之内，该机场的设计可以容纳每年八千万乘客的流量。
精讲拓展：
①accommodate sb. with sth.提供某人某物
②accommodate sth. to sth.适应，迁就，迎合
③accommodate oneself to new conditions适应新的情况
④accommodate oneself to使自己适应于
⑤accommodative adj.乐于助人的，随和的，善于适应新环境的
⑥accommodation n．住处，膳宿；(车、船、飞机等的)预定铺位；和解
误区警示：短语accommodate oneself to中的to为介词，故其后的宾语应用doing形式。
He can't accommodate himself to doing the hard work.
他无法使自己适应艰苦的工作。
朗文在线：
①The hall can only accommodate 200 people.
这个大厅只能容纳200人。
②We've made every effort to accommodate your point of view.
我们已经尽力迁就你们的观点。
③We reached an accommodation between both parties.
我们双方达成了和解。
命题方向：accommodate oneself to (doing) sth.是重要考点。有时也考查名词在语境中的辨析。
活学巧练：
Hotel __________ is included in the price of your holiday.
A．accomplishment B．accommodation
C．account D．accompany
答案与解析：B 句意：你度假的价格包括旅馆住宿在内。accomplishment“成就，成绩”；accommodation“住宿，膳宿”；account“账户，叙述”；accompany“陪同，陪伴”。
即境活用
3．How many people can this hall________？
A．be seated B．containing
C．held D．accommodate
解析：选D。accommodate＝hold表示“容纳”，A、B、C形式不对。本句意为“这个大厅可以容纳多少人？”
★4.The new apartment built a few months ago is large enough to________over two hundred people.
A．contain B．provide
C．reside D．accommodate
解析：选D。句意“几月前新建的公寓楼很大，能容纳200多人。”
⑥removable adj.可移动的
⑦removed adj.离开的，远离……的；与……无关的
⑧remover n．搬运工；去除剂
注意：①move强调位置和姿态的改变。
②remove强调完全放弃原来的地方而到达新的位置，有时相当于take away/off。表示“迁居时”，两者均可用。
3．remove vt. 移动，开除，除去，搬迁；移交 vi.迁移，搬家 n． 移动；距离；升级
(回归课本P53)Some of them are being removed and some are being put into museums.
其中的一些正在被搬迁，有一些正被放进博物馆里。
①at one remove隔一代(之嫡亲)
②be removed from与……远离；与……疏远；与……不一样
③remove all doubts消除一切怀疑
④be removed from school被开除，被勒令退学
⑤remove oneself走开，离去
易混辨析
move，remove
二者都可表示“移动”，但用法不同。
(1)move强调位置和姿态的改变。
(2)remove强调完全放弃原来的地方而到达新的位置，有时相当于take away/off；表示“搬迁，迁移”时，remove和move都可以，但是一般用move。
①The Smiths are moving to New York next week.
②You must do all you can to remove his doubts.
即境活用
5．Bad habits are no way easy to be________；it needs your determination.
A．replaced B．moved
C．removed D．got rid
解析：选C。这里remove表示“除掉”；replace则表示“替换”；move表示“移动；搬家”；get rid of表示“除去”。本句意为“坏习惯绝不是很容易就能除掉的，那需要你的决心。”
★6.Teenagers shouldn’t be ________from school although they don’t do well in studies.
A．disappeared B．gone
C．removed D．beaten
解析：选C。句意“尽管中学生学习不好也不能从学校赶走。”
活学巧练：
Bad habits are no way easy to be __________；it needs your determination.
A．replaced B．moved
C．removed D．got rid
答案与解析：C 戒除坏习惯应用remove bad habits或get rid of bad habits，故选C项。replace“代替，取代”；move“移动，迁移”。
5．hold back阻止，阻挡；抑制，控制；隐瞒；犹豫
(回归课本P53)Mao Zedong wrote a poem in which he dreamed of “walls of stone to hold back clouds and rain till a smooth lake rises in the narrow gorges”．毛泽东写过一首词，在词中，他想象了“更立西江石壁，截断巫山云雨，高峡出平湖”的壮丽景观。
①Hold it！(电话)别挂断！
②hold on继续；不要挂断(电话)
③hold on to抓住……
④hold out伸出(手)
⑤hold up拿起；举起；使停顿
⑥hold back阻止，抑制；克扣；隐瞒
⑦hold one's breath屏息
⑧hold one's head up抬起头来
⑨hold water能成立，站得住
⑩catch/get/grab/seize/take hold of抓住，拿住，握住
误区警示：
在get/catch/take hold of短语中，hold为名词，其前不加冠词。
朗文在线：
①They had erected the barriers to hold back the flood.
他们筑起屏障阻挡洪水。
②We struggled to hold back our laughter.
我们竭力忍住不笑。
命题方向：hold back与hold out，hold on，hold up等词语的辨析是考查的重点。
活学巧练：
(1)The movie was so touching that we couldn't ______________ (抑制) our tears.
(2)Jim was able to _____________(控制) his anger and avoided a fight.
(3) She was ________something ________ (隐瞒) from me.
hold back
hold back
back
held
(4) He _______________(抓住) the rock to stop himself slipping.
(5)Our flight was ______________(耽搁，延误) because of the bad weather.
(6)The pupil _____________(举起) his hand to ask the teacher a question.
took hold of
held back
held up
即境活用
★7.Watching me playing various tricks to stop the baby crying，the mother fought hard to________her laughter.
A．hold back B．take off
C．carry on D．turn down
解析：选A。hold back阻止；take off脱下；carry on继续；turn down调低。句意：看着我使出浑身解数不让婴儿哭，妈妈尽力忍住笑。故选A。
高考直击
(2008·江苏·23)—Is Peter there
—________， please. I'll see if I can find him for you.
A．Hold up B．Hold on
C．Hold out D．Hold off
答案：B 考查短语动词。hold up“举起，阻挡，使停顿”；hold on “坚持，别挂电话”；hold out “伸出”；hold off “推迟，拖延”。由句意看出B合乎上下文。
即学即用
We thought of selling this old furniture, but we've decided to________it. It might be valuable.
A．hold on to B．keep up with
C．turn on D．look after
答案：A
8．用介、副词填空
①I think he is holding something________；he knows more than he admits.
②We didn’t know whether we would be able to hold________until help arrived.
③Our car was held________in the heavy traffic.
答案：①back ②on ③up
6．work out计算出；解决；理解，成功地发展
精讲拓展：
①sth.work out某事成功地发展；逐渐解决
②work sth.out计算出；制订出；设法弄懂
③work on sth.致力于(做)某事
④work up to (doing)sth.逐渐下决心去做不想做的事
⑤work sth.off发泄
误区警示：work out既可作及物动词的用法，又可作不及物动词的用法且含义用法不同，请区分好！
朗文在线：
①You can work out the answer by adding all the numbers.
你把所有数加在一起就能算出答案了。
②UN negotiators have worked out a set of compromise proposal.
联合国谈判人员制订出一套折中方案。
③The plot is very complicated, it'll take you a while to work it out.
情节极其复杂，你要花一些时间才能弄明白。
命题方向：work out，work on，work off等以词语辨析题的形式出现。
活学巧练：翻译句子
(1)这道题很难做出来。
(2)尽管题目很难，他们最终把它解出来了。
答案：(1)The question is hard to work out.
(2)Though the problem is difficult, they managed to work it out finally.
7．make sense 讲得通；有意义，有道理；可理解
(回归课本P54)If you take away the attributive clauses，do the sentences still make sense
如果你把定语从句去掉，这个句子还讲得通吗？
①make no sense讲不通；无意义
②make sense of sth.懂；了解……含义
③in a sense就某种意义而言，在某种角度上
④in no sense决不
⑤come to one's sense苏醒(＝bring sb. to his sense)
⑥in one's senses头脑健全，神志清醒
⑦out of one's senses愚蠢，精神不正常
⑧There is no sense doing sth.做某事无意义
命题方向：make sense及in no sense是高考命题的重点。
例句探源
①Read this article and tell me if it makes sense.
阅读这篇文章，告诉我它的意思是否明确。
②It just doesn’t make sense—why would she do such a thing
这真是无法解释——她为什么会做这样的事情？
③There is no sense in getting upset about it now.
现在为这件事苦恼是没有意义的。
④What he said just now makes no sense to me.
＝I make no sense of what he said just now.
我没明白他刚才说的话。
易混辨析
make sense，make sense of
(1)make sense“有意义；有道理；讲得通；可理解”，物作主语，无被动语态，用to引出人。
(2)make sense of“弄懂；理解”，人作主语，可以用于被动语态，用of引出物。
①This sentence doesn’t make sense to me；I cannot understand it at all.
②Can you make sense of what this American is saying
★10.I have read the materials several times but it doesn’t make any________to me.
A．meaning B．importance
C．sense D．significance
解析：选C。考查固定短语make sense表示“有道理；有意义；讲得通”的意思。本句意为“这些材料我已读了好几遍了，但我一直看不懂。”
即境活用
9．Dogs have a very good________of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.
A．sense B．view
C．means D．idea
解析：选A。句意是：狗有很好的嗅觉感，所以经常被用来在地震中寻找那些幸存的人。have a sense of...是固定词组，意为“有……感”。have a good view of“很好地看到……”；means“手段”，不能构成这个词组；have an idea of“了解……”。
活学巧练：
(1)Can you __________________(理解) this poem
(2)What you say is true ___________________(从某种意义上来说)．
(3)When I __________________(恢复理智)，I was lying on the ground.
make sense of
in a sense
came to my senses
(4)This poem doesn't __________ to me.Can you explain it to me
A．make sense B．make senses
C．make a difference D．have sense
答案与解析：A make sense to sb.“在某人看来有道理，有意义”。根据下文可知选A项。make a difference“起作用，有重要性”。
8．bring an end to结束；终止
①bring an end to＝bring... to an end结束，终止
②come to an end结束，完结
③put an end to结束；消除
④carry... through to the end把某事进行到底
⑤make ends meet量入为出；使收支相抵
⑥in the end最后
⑦by the end of到……末
⑧from beginning to end从头到尾
⑨end to end头对头地；首尾相连地
朗文在线：
①I'm determined to carry this through to the end.
我决定把这事进行到底。
②Since Mike lost his job, we can hardly make ends meet.
自从迈克失业以后，我们简直难以维持生计。
活学巧练：
(1)Winning the competition ________ his financial problems.
A. was an end B. came to an end
C. brought an end to D. put an end
答案与解析：C 句意：赢得比赛结束了他的财政危机。come to an end结束，为不及物动词短语，其后不跟宾语；put an end to结束，但D项表达不对；bring an end to结束，为及物动词短语，其后跟宾语。
完成句子
(2)They ________ the project to an end last month.
他们上个月就把工程结束了。
(3)After two hours they brought ___________the meeting，but they didn't make a decision.
两个小时过去了，他们结束了会议，可是并没有结果。
brought
an end to
句型巧析
1【教材原句】 Sun Yat sen，who was the leader of the 1911 Revolution，first suggested the idea of a dam across the Yangtze River in 1919.(P53)
1911年辛亥革命的领导人孙中山于1919年首先提出了在长江上建造大坝的设想。
【句法分析】 suggest在此处意为“提出；建议”，常用搭配为suggest sth./doing...。
①She suggested traveling by bus.
她建议乘公共汽车旅行。
suggest后还可跟从句。当“建议”讲时，后跟宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即：suggest that sb.(should)do sth.，其中should可以省略；当表示“表明；暗示”讲时，后跟宾语从句，不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。
suggest的名词为suggestion，凡是与suggestion(表示“建议”)相关的从句也都要用虚拟语气，即从句用that sb.(should)do...的形式。make a suggestion提建议
②He made a suggestion that we should start at once.
＝His suggestion was that we should start at once.
他建议我们立刻动身。
误区警示：suggest表示“建议”后接从句时，需用虚拟语气，即动词用(should)do；但若表示“表明”讲时，其后不用虚拟语气的从句。
朗文在线：
①John suggested going together in one car.
约翰建议大家坐同一辆汽车去。
②She suggested that we(should) write that into the contract.
她建议我们把那一点写进合同。
命题方向：suggest后接从句是否用虚拟语气的动词形式是常考点。
活学巧练：
He suggested we ________ a meeting and it may be suggested he ________ interested in our plan.
A. to hold; was B. hold; was
C. held; be D. held; should be
答案与解析：B 第一个suggest是建议，第二个是“表明”。
即境活用
11．Recently quite a lot of experts________that another law on wildlife protection________as soon as possible.
A．were suggested；must be passed
B．have suggested；be passed
C．were suggesting；was passed
D．suggested；being passed
解析：选B。recently表示“最近”在句中作时间状语，句子常用现在完成时；suggest表示“建议”讲后跟宾语从句时，从句常用虚拟语气，即sb.(should)do sth.或sth.(should)be done(被动)，其中should可以省略，故选B。本句意为“最近相当多的专家建议应该尽快再通过一部关于保护野生动物的法律。”
2【教材原句】 It was the tallest building in the world until the World Trade Centre was built in New York in 1972.(P59)
直到1972年纽约建立起世贸大厦，它一直是世界上最高的建筑物。
【句法分析】 (1)该句中until引导的是一个时间状语从句，表示“直到……”，当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时，既可用肯定形式也可用否定形式，但意义不同。
①We discussed the problem until they came back.
我们讨论那个问题一直到他们回来。
②We didn’t discuss the problem until they came back.
直到他们回来我们才讨论那个问题。
(2)但若主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，则只能用否定形式。
③His parents didn’t go to bed until he came back.
直到他回来他的父母才上床睡觉。
(3)not...until...表示“直到……才……”，常用于两种句式：即倒装句或强调句。
④The villagers didn’t realize how serious the pollution was until the fish in the river died out.
→Not until the fish in the river died out did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.(倒装句)
→It was not until the fish in the river died out that the villagers realized how serious the pollution was.(强调句)
直到河里的鱼都死光了之后村民们才意识到污染是多么严重。
即境活用
12．(2010年安徽江南十校模拟)It wasn’t until the 2010 CCTV Spring Festival Gala(央视春晚)________．
A．did the former pop band Little Tiger reunite
B．that the former pop band Little Tiger reunited
C．then did the former pop band Little Tiger reunite
D．when the former pop band Little Tiger reunited
解析：选B。句意：直到2010年的央视春晚，前流行乐队小虎队才再次组合献艺。此句是含有not until的强调句：It is/was not until...that＋原句剩余成分。原句为：The former pop band Little Tiger didn’t reunite until the 2010 CCTV Spring Festival Gala.。故选B。
知识拓展
1)since在此作介词，意为“从……以来、以后或到现在”。
He had spoken to her only once since the party.
自从那次聚会以来，他只跟她说过一次话。
2)since还可作连词：
(1)意为“从……以来”。
It's five years since I received your letter.
自从我收到你的来信以来已经5年了。
(2)意为“由于，既然，鉴于”，语气比because稍弱，表示关系上的自然结果，特别用于对于已经清楚了的事情，往往放在句首。
Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, Mr Smith wanted to give him a chance.
鉴于许多人在生活中都会犯错，史密斯先生想给他一次机会。
提示：
1)since的意思是“自……以来就”，引导时间状语从句时，主句一般用现在完成时。
2)在It's...years since...句式中，当since引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词为瞬间动词时，则句子译为“自……以来多久了”；若从句的谓语动词为延续性动词，则句子译为“不……多久了”。
即学即用
It was some time________he realized that he had done something wrong.
A．when B．until
C．since D．before
答案：D
3.Do you know the name of the reservoir that provides water for your town
你知道给你们城里供水的水库叫什么名字吗？
品味经典
①It’s the parents’ role to provide that protection.
提供那样的保护是父母的任务。
②In the future outer space might provide us with new energy sources.
将来外太空也许能给我们提供新的能源。
③We are here to provide a service for the public.
我们来这里是为公众服务。
自我探究
provide是及物动词，意为“提供，供给”。构成短语：provide sb.with sth.＝provide sth.for sb.给某人提供……
归纳拓展
④Without work，how can I provide for my children
没有工作，我如何抚养我的孩子？
⑤I don’t mind Guy coming with us，provided he pays for his own meals.
只要盖伊自付餐费，我不介意他和我们一起去。
⑥Sure you can borrow the car，providing you get it back to me before 10 o’clock.
只要你在10点钟之前还我，你当然可以借车。
易混辨析
provide，supply，offer
这三个词意思基本相同，主要在于搭配不同：provide sb. with sth.＝provide sth. for sb.；supply sth. to/for sb.
＝supply sb.with sth.；offer sb.sth.＝offer sth.to sb.
⑦Can you provide accommodation for thirty people
你能为三十人提供住宿吗？
⑧I did what I could to offer comfort to the family.
我尽力为家庭提供舒适。
⑨Students are supplied with a lot of books at the beginning of term.
在学期初，会给学生提供许多书。
牛刀小试
用provide，supply与offer的适当形式填空
(1)The hotel ____________ a shoe cleaning service for guests.
(2)They were arrested for ____________ drugs to street dealers.
(3)They ____________ him a good job but he turned it down.
答案：(1)provides (2)supplying (3)offered
8It is the largest hydro-electric power station and dam in the world and has cost more than any other construction project in history.
三峡大坝是世界上最大的水力发电站和大坝，其建造费用超过了历史上任何一个其它建筑工程的费用。
品味经典
①He did the job better than the other persons in the group.＝He did the job best in the group.
他做这工作是小组里做得最好的。
②She goes to school earlier than any other girl.
＝She goes to school earliest among the girls.
她比其他女孩到校早。
③Jack runs faster than any of the other boys in his class.
＝Jack runs fastest among the boys in his class.
杰克是他班上跑的最快的男生。
自我探究
than any other ＋单数名词“比其他任何一个都……”，前后比较的对象属同一范畴是用非最高级结构表达最高级含义；如果两个比较对象不在同一范畴，则用than any ＋单数名词。该结构有以下三种形式：
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than ____________________(其他任何地区的房租)of the city.
答案：that in any other area
(2)He donated more money than _____________________(比其他男演员)．
答案：the other actors/any other actor/any of the other actors
9．非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句可以修饰先行词，也可以修饰整个主句，对所修饰的部分起补充情况或附加说明作用。书写时，往往用逗号与主句分开。即使省略，也不影响主句意思的完整。因此，一些专有名词及一些表示“唯一”概念的人或物，带有形容词性物主代词或是形容词性指示代词作限定词的名词词组后常用此类从句。
(1)非限制性定语从句的关系词
①who指人作主语，whom作宾语，whose作定语。whose引导的定语从句的先行词可指人也可指物。
②which指物，作主语或宾语。
③when和where分别指时间和地点，作状语。
④关系代词as
引导限制性定语从句，用于such(...)as，the same(...) as和as many(或as much)．..as结构中：
Such books as you bought are useless.(as作宾语)
你买的这样的书没用。
引导非限制性定语从句，说明整个主句；从句的位置可在主句前、主句中或主句后，常用逗号与主句隔开。
As is often the case, Mary was late for school.(as作主语)
就像平常那样，玛丽迟到了。
(2)as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
as引导的从句可在主句前、中、后，常用逗号和主句隔开。which引导的从句一般在主句后，也用逗号与主句隔开。
(3)在非限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系词不能省略。也不能用that和why引导非限制性定语从句。
(4)当whose表示事物或抽象概念时，“whose＋名词”可以与“名词＋of＋which”结构互换。
(5)限制性和非限制性定语从句
①限制性定语从句起限定作用，是主句不可缺少的部分，与先行词间无逗号；翻译时常译成前置定语：
Those who want to go, please sign your names here.
想去的人请在这里签名。
②非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，省去后不影响主句的意思，并且常用逗号与主句分开；翻译时常译成并列的分句：
This note was left by John, who was here a moment ago.
这条子是约翰留的，他刚才来过这儿。
10．定语从句的省略形式
(1)口语中，作动词宾语或介词宾语(这时介词不可在关系代词前)的关系代词常可省略：
Have you found the book(that) you want
你找到你要的书了吗？
This is the man we have talked about.
这就是我们谈到过的那个人。
(在英语会话中，常省去whom，或用who、that代替。在以介词结尾的从句中几乎不能用whom)
但This is the man about whom we talked.中的whom不可省略。
(2)口语中，关系副词或其对等结构“介词＋which”有时可以省略(尤其是先行词为way时)：
This is the reason(why或that或for which) I did it.
这就是我这样做的原因。
(3)关系代词作表语时，常省略：
She is no longer the girl (that) she was ten years ago.
活学巧练：
(1)The Beatles，________ many of you are old enough to remember，came from Liverpool.
A. what B. that
C. how D. as
答案：D
(2)I was given three books on cooking, the first ________I really enjoyed.
A. of that B. of which
C. that D. which
答案：B
(3)I have many friends, ________ some are businessmen.
A. of them B. from which
C. who of D. of whom
答案：D
(4)Once more I am in Boston, ________ I have not been for ten years.
A. which B. where
C. that D. as
答案：B
(5)________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When
C. What D. As
答案：D
考 题 演 练
1.Because of the financial crisis, days are gone ________ local 5－star hotels charged 6000 yuan for one night.
A. if B. when
C. which D. since
答案与解析：B 本题考查定语从句。从四个选项的特点可以看出此题要考查从句的引导词。将A、D两项代入，句意明显不通。C项引导定语从句时要在句子当中作主语或宾语，所以它也不合适。此题还有一个难点就是定语从句和先行词被分割开了，做题时要注意复原。分割式定语从句将会是一个常考的考点，应该引起注意。句意：因为金融危机，当地五星级旅馆每晚收费6000元的日子已经一去不复返了。when引导一个限制性定语从句修饰先行词days，并且在从句中作状语。
2．—Sorry, I have to ________ now. It's time for class.
—OK, I'll call back later.
A. hang up B. break up
C. give up D. hold up
答案与解析：A 本题考查结合语境辨析动词短语的用法。解答该类题目时，既要掌握短语的用法，又要熟悉对话的语境。hang up挂断电话；break up分解，分裂；拆散；give up放弃；hold up支撑；耽搁。由语境中出现的call back later可知，此处应选择与打电话有关的短语。
3．I'm not surprised that he became a writer. Even as a child he had a ________ imagination.
A. clear B. cautious
C. funny D. vivid
答案与解析：D 考查形容词词义的辨析。clear清晰的；cautious小心谨慎的；funny滑稽的；vivid丰富的；生动的。have a vivid imagination有丰富的想象力。
4．Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ________ in a short period.
A. improved B. improving
C. to improve D. improve
答案与解析：A 本题考查“have sth. done”这一短语使用。句意：詹妮希望史密斯先生会提出一个好方法，使她的书面英语水平可以在短时间内得以提高。have sth. done可以表示“使……被做”。
5．I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city ________ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.
A. which B. of which
C. that D. whose
答案与解析：D 本题考查定语从句的引导词。正确分析句式结构是解题的关键，同时要注意关系词的用法。分析句式结构可知，空格处在句中作定语修饰name，其先行词是a city，所以用whose引导定语从句。如果用which，需使用the name of which的形式。
6．—Jack, what do you think of the event which not only promoted ________ of world hunger, but raised a lot of money to help these poor children
—That's great.
A. contribution B. direction
C. awareness D. loneliness
答案与解析：C 句意：——杰克，你认为那项不仅可以提高人们对世界饥饿现象的认识还可以为帮助那些穷孩子集资的项目怎样？——非常棒。contribution贡献；direction指导；awareness理解，认识；loneliness孤独。
7．Yesterday she sold her car, ________ she bought a month ago.
A. when B. where
C. that D. which
答案与解析：D 考查非限制性定语从句。注意选项在从句中充当什么成分，这是解题的关键。which引导非限制性定语从句，充当bought的宾语。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
8．Dogs have a very good ________ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.
A. sense B. view
C. means D. idea
答案与解析：A 考查名词的词义。a sense of smell嗅觉。句意：狗嗅觉灵敏，经常被用来搜寻地震中的幸存者。
9．—Can those ________ at the back of the classroom hear me
—No problem.
A. seat B．sit
C. seated D. sat
答案与解析：C 本题考查分词短语作定语。解答这类题时，一定要弄清分词和被修饰词之间的逻辑关系。________ at the back of the classroom为分词短语作定语。sit为不及物动词，可用sitting...作定语；seat为及物动词，常与反身代词连用或用be seated形式。这里seat与those构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用其过去分词作定语。
Module 6 Old and New
practice
Ⅰ.根据句意，用所给单词或短语的适当形式填空
essential become famous for relic submerged remove suggest dream of under construction hold back bring an end to
1．They ________ the meeting with a complete agreement.
答案：brought an end to
2. During his stay in France, he ________ his hometown now and then.
答案：dreamed of
3. Feather falls to the ground much slower than a stone just because air ________ it ________ much more than it does the stone.
答案：holds...back
4. We can live without clothes, but food and drink are ________ to life.
答案：essential
5．My friend ________ I should make more efforts to improve my oral English.
答案：suggested
6．Floods ________ the town, and more than 5000 people became homeless.
答案：submerged
7．We saw ________ of ancient civilizations in the museum last week.
答案：relics
8．Please ________your bag so that I can sit down.
答案：remove
9．Several new railways are ________ in China.
答案：under construction
10．He ________ his unusual clothes and behaviour.
答案：becomes famous for
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．The old building __________ the 5th century is going to be rebuilt.
A．date from B. dated from
C. dating from D. dated back to
答案与解析：C 本题考查短语的用法。本句意为“那幢建于5世纪的古老建筑将被重建”。从句子的结构来看，空格的部分“__________ the 5th century”应该在句子中作定语，A项明显错误。B，D两项是一样的，过去分词在句子中用来表示被动或完成，动词date用一般现在时，而且不用被动语态。C项dating from是现在分词形式在句子中作定语。
2．How much time will it __________ to repair the old bridge
A．cost B. pay
C. take D. spend
答案与解析：C 本题考查动词词义辨析。本句意为“修好那座古老的桥要花费多长时间？”符合句型It takes sb.some time to do sth.，意为“(某人)花费若干时间做某事”。it为形式主语，后面的不定式短语“to do sth.”是真正的主语。pay意为“付款”主语为人；cost的主语是物；spend的主语是人。
3．The new suspension bridge __________ by the famous architect is __________ now.
A．designing; under construction
B. designed ; under construction
C. designing ; under the construction
D. designed; under the construction
答案与解析：B 本题考查非谓语动词designed和短语under construction的用法。under construction意为“在建设中”。design同bridge之间存在被动关系，相当于which was designed，故第一空用过去分词作后置定语。
4．As a child, he __________ becoming a doctor, and now his dream has been realized.
A．dreamed for B. dreamed of
C. dreams about D. dreamed to
答案与解析：B 本题考查短语dream of/about的用法。本句意为“当他还是孩子的时候，他梦想当一名医生，现在他的梦想实现了”。dream of意为“梦寐以求某物”。其中介词of可用about代替，但注意题中时态。
5．I hope your dream of becoming a world champion will __________ in the future.
A．come true B. come truly
C. come to truth D. be come true
答案与解析：A 本题考查动词短语come true的用法。本句意为“我希望你在将来实现想当世界冠军的梦想”。come true是固定短语，意为“(希望，理想等)实现，达到”，相当于be realized，其中come为连系动词，不能用于被动语态。
6．The local government has tried all means to __________ the river which used to flood every year.
A．cure B. harness
C. make D. treat
答案与解析：B 本题考查动词harness的用法。本句意为“当地政府已经尝试了所有的办法利用这条过去每年泛滥的河流”。harness意为“利用(风，水等自然力)为动力”。cure意为“治愈”，常用句型为cure sb.of sth.，意为“治愈某人的病”；make意为“制造，生产”；treat意为“对待，招待”。
7．The manager suggested __________ a meeting to discuss the problem.
A．us to have B. us having
C. to have D. we having
答案与解析：B 本题考查动词suggest的用法。本句意为“经理建议我们开个会来讨论这个问题”。“建议某人做某事”应该用suggest sb.doing sth.，不能用suggest sb.to do sth.结构。
8．Wherever he goes，he can always be __________ to new circumstances.
A．accommodate B．accommodating
C．accommodated D．accommodation
答案与解析：C be accommodated to“适应……”。
9．(2007·北京卷)We shouldn't spend our money testing so many people, most of________are healthy.
A．that B．which
C．what D．whom
答案与解析：D most of whom为“代词＋介词＋关系代词”在句中引导非限制性定语从句，whom指代先行词people。that不能放在介词后面。本题考查非限制性定语从句的用法。
10．(2007·陕西)We had wanted to finish our task by noon, but it didn't quite ________ as planned.
A. find out B. give out
C. hand out D. work out
答案与解析：D 该题考查动词短语的辨析。后半句句意为，我们的任务并未像计划那样地完成，work out“发展，成功地进展”，符合句意，而A项“找出”，B项“用完”，C项“分发”，均不合句意。动词短语辨析题的解答需做到两点：①看清题意，②选项的动词短语用法需了解并掌握，这就需要大家平时备考时注意动词短语的积累与运用。
11．I'd like you to __________ my name from your list. I don't want to be involved in the matter.
A．modify B．guide
C．remove D．weed
答案与解析：C 本题考查易混动词辨析。remove意为“去掉”。本句意为“我想要你把我的名字从你的名单上去掉。我不想卷入这件事中”。modify意为“修饰”，weed意为“锄去(草等)”；guide意为“指导，领导”。
12．They tossed your thoughts back and forth for over an hour, but still couldn't make __________ of them.
A．impression B．comprehension
C．meaning D．sense
答案与解析：D 本题考查固定短语make sense of sth.的用法。本句意为“他们反复考虑你的想法，考虑了一个多小时，仍然搞不清你的意思”。make sense of意为“懂得，了解其含义”。
13．At last the town council __________ the law that carnival was banned in the town.
A．came to an end B．was ended
C．put an end to D．was put an end to
答案与解析：C 本题考查短语辨析。come to an end意为“结束；完结”，相当于不及物动词，所以不能用于被动语态，主语一般是物。put an end to sth.意为“结束某物”，相当于及物动词，可以用于被动语态，主语一般是表示人或者某一组织的名词。
14．There was __________ time __________ I hated to go to school.
A．a; that B．a; when
C．the; that D．the; when
答案与解析：B 本题考查冠词的用法和定语从句。句中time表示“一段时间”，因此要用不定冠词a；时间名词后定语从句缺时间状语，应用关系副词when。
15．Suddenly the truck was out of control and __________ a tree.
A．broke into B．crashed into
C．crawled into D．burst into
答案与解析：B 本题考查短语辨析。本句意为“突然间，卡车失去了控制，撞到一棵树上”。crash意为“猛撞”；break into意为“强行进入”；crawl into意为“慢慢爬上”；burst into意为“突然发生”。
Ⅲ.翻译句子
1．他当医生的愿望实现了。(come true)
________________________________________________________________________
答案： His dream of being a doctor has come true.
2．他来不来对我都一样。(equal to)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：It is equal to me whether he comes or not.
3．我们建议立即开工。(suggest)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：We suggested that the work (should)be started at once.
4．我们从这里步行到车站要30分钟。(take)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：It takes us 30 minutes to walk from here to the station.
5．听了那个消息以后，她再也忍不住放声大哭。(hold back)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：After she heard the news, she couldn't hold back her tears.
Ⅳ.完形填空
One of my father's favorite sayings as I was growing up was “Try it！” I couldn't say I didn't like __1__， whatever it might be, __2__ I tried it. Over the years I've come to __3__ how much of my success I owe to my __4__ of those words as one of my values.
My __5__ job was just one I decided to try for a couple of years until I __6__ what I wanted to do as a career(职业). __7__ I believed I would work for a few years, get married, stay home and raise a family, so I didn't think the job I took __8__ that much. I couldn't have been more __9__. I mastered the skills of that beginning level position and I was given the opportunity(机会) to __10__ through the company into different __11__.
I accepted each new opportunity with the __12__，“Well, I'll try it; if I don't like it I can always go back to my __13__ position.” But I was with the same company for the past 28 years, and I've __14__ every career change I've made. I've discovered I __15__ a large number of different talents(才能) and skills that I never would have thought were within me had it not been for my being __16__ trying new opportunities.
I've also discovered that if I __17__ what I'm doing and work hard at achieving my __18__. I will succeed. That's why I am so __19__ to be a part of . I think __20__ has come and I am determined to make it a success.
1．A. everything B. something
C. everybody D. somebody
2．A. until after B. ever since
C. so that D. long before
3．A. consider B. argue
C. include D. realize
4．A. suggestion B. explanation
C. acceptance D. discussion
5．A. hard B. best
C. extra D. first
6．A. determined B. examined
C. experienced D. introduced
7．A. Actually B. Gradually
C. Finally D. Usually
8．A. helped B. required
C. expressed D. mattered
9．A. careful B. mistaken
C. interested D. prepared
10．A. look up B. take up
C. move up D. put up
11.A. situations B. choices
C. directions D. positions
12.A. thought B. reply
C. action D. advice
13.A. easier B. newer
C. earlier D. higher
14.A. permitted B. counted
C. organized D. enjoyed
15.A. show B. possess
C. need D. gather
16.A. lucky for B. slow at
C. open to D. afraid of
17.A. think of B. give away
C. believe in D. turn into
18.A. business B. goal
C. fortune D. growth
19.A. excited B. curious
C. surprised D. helpful
20．A. dream B. time
C. power D. honor
答案与解析：
1．B “直到我试过之后，我才能说我不喜欢某事。”something“某事”，符合句意。everything“任何事物，一切”，不合语境；C、D均指人，也不符合句意。
2．A until after I tried it“直到我试过之后”。
3．D “这些年，我开始意识到……”，realize指“心里意识到”，此处强调一个认识的过程。
4．C owe my success to my acceptance of those words“把我的成功归功于对这些话的认可”。
5．D 此处表示“我的第一份工作就是我决定先试几年直到我决定将来我从事什么样的职业”。
6．A determine“决心，决定”，符合句意。
7．A 由前后语境可知，此处表示：事实上，我认为我会工作几年，结婚，待在家里……
8．D “因此我认为我从事的这份工作并不重要”，matter vi.“重要，要紧”，符合语境。
9．B not...more否定比较级表达肯定的意思。“我是如此的错误”，mistaken“弄错的，出错的”，符合语境。
10．C look up“查阅”；take up“从事”；move up“挪动”；put up“张贴，挂起”。
11．D “我被给予机会在公司里不同的职位上工作”。position“位置，职位”，上文也有提示。
12．A “我都以这样的想法来接受每一个新的机会……”，thought“心思，想法”，符合语境。
13．C “我要试试。如果我不喜欢的话，我总能回到原先的位置上。”earlier“原先的，早一些的”。
14．D “在过去的28年里我在同一家公司，我喜欢我每次做出的改变。”enjoy“喜欢”。
15．B possess“拥有”，符合语境“我发现我拥有许多不同的才能和技巧……”。
16．C 如果我不面对一些新的机会的话……，open to“面对，朝……开放”。
17．C 我还发现如果我相信我做的事，并努力实现我的目标的话，我会成功的。
18．B achieve one's goal“实现某人的目标”。
19．A 联系上文可知，用excited“兴奋的”最为合适。
20．B 我认为时间已经到了，我下决心要成功。
Ⅴ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all. It is said that our body movements communicate about 50% of what we really mean while words themselves only express 7%. So, while your mouth is closed, just what is your body saying...
Arms. __1__ If you keep your arms to the sides of your body or behind your back, this suggests you are not afraid of taking on whatever comes your way. __2__ If someone upsets you, just cross your arms to show you're unhappy.
Head. When you want to appear confident, keep your head level. If you are monitor in class, you can take on this position when you want your words to be taken seriously. __3__Legs.
Your legs tend to move around a lot more than normal when you are nervous or telling lies. If you are at interviews, try to keep them still.
Posture. A good posture makes you feel better about yourself. __4__ This makes breathing more difficult, which in turn can make you feel nervous or uncomfortable.
Mouth. When you are thinking, you often purse (皱拢) your lips. You might also use this position to hold back all angry comment you don't wish to show. __5__
A. If you are feeling down, you normally don't sit straight, with your shoulders inwards.
B. If you are pleased, you usually open your eyes wide and people can notice this.
C. Outgoing people generally use their arms with big movements, while quieter people keep them close to their bodies.
D. How you hold your arms shows how open and receptive you are to people you meet.
E. However, it will probably still be noticed, and people will know you're not pleased.
F. However, to be friendly in listening or speaking, you must move your head a little to one side.
G. Don't say too much when you're happy.
答案：1—5 DCFAE
Ⅵ.书面表达
请根据下面提示，写一篇短文，词数不少于100。
At the Opening Ceremony of 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, all the audience were amazed to see the picture below, which is Chinese Character“和”．Please tell how you understand it.________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
I think“和”is a very good word to choose at the opening ceremony of this great gathering, which means “Harmony”in English. First, we need“Harmony”among our Chinese people. We have the same ancestor and belong to one big family. It is our wish to work together to make our country a strong one in the world. Second, we need“Harmony”among the world people.
If we can have a tolerant heart and show respect for different cultures，beliefs and religions, there will be no wars in the world. Besides, we need“Harmony” among all the living beings. Human beings and animals share the same earth, so we need a harmonious environment to live together. I think the word really represents our good feeling in this beautiful summer and it is remarkable to use this word to show our great Chinese culture.
写作技能培训
长句和短句的变换
长句含有许多修饰语，适合表达准确而复杂的思想，解释观点或理论，描写细致的事物；短句比较简洁、明快、有力，适合陈述重要的事实或想法。长句使文章富有气势，却容易产生语法错误，或者造成理解障碍；短句不容易出错，但是短句的堆砌容易让人感觉语言技巧不成熟、不老练。
在实际写作中，一味地采用长句或短句都是不可取的，要长短句交替使用。通常最简单而又适用于应试的长短句交错的方法是：以简单句为基础，配以适当的并列句和复合句。简单句可长可短，一般要加些附属成分，如分词短语、不定式短语、介词短语和副词短语等。
短句变长句
【佳句选粹1】
【原文】 【优化】
Lies do harm to those who are being told.Lies also do harm to those who tell them. Lies not only do harm to those who are being told，but also do harm to those who tell them.
【分析】 原来的两个句子之间存在明显的并列关系，因此应将其合二为一，改写成由“not only...，but also...”连接成的一个并列句，这样才更符合英语作为“形合语言”的特点。
【佳句选粹2】
【原文】 【优化】
His overall performance was outstanding and worked extremely well with people.He always proves himself hardworking and modest. His overall performance was outstanding and worked extremely well with people and he always proves himself hardworking and modest.
【分析】 原来的两个句子之间存在明显的并列关系，因此应将其合二为一，改写成由and连接成的一个并列句，这样才更符合英语作为“形合语言”的特点。
【佳句选粹3】
【原文】 【优化】
In most countries，schools can be divided into two broad categories：public schools and private schools.Public schools are financed by the government and enroll both boys and girls.The majority of private schools are single sex educational establishments. In most countries，schools can be divided into two broad categories：public schools，which are financed by the government and enroll both boys and girls，and private schools，the majority of which are single sex educational establishments.
【分析】 句子“Public schools are financed by the government and enroll both boys and girls.”中的“public schools”用which代替，并作为引导词变成非限制性定语从句；句子“The majority of private schools are single sex educational establishments.”中的“private schools”用which代替，变成了“the majority of which”形式，这正是定语从句“介词of＋which”结构。用了两个定语从句优化后，句子显得更有文采，而且更有气势。
长句变短句
长句固然能表达出复杂而缜密的思想，但如果片面追求复杂句式，华而不实，反而成为表达的累赘。
写作中句子的长短应根据表达的需要，有话则长，无话则短。短句不仅指句子长度较短，也指句子内部结构精练。简洁是一个重要的原则，用词累赘是写作的大忌。
【佳句选粹】
【原文】 【优化】
His father，who is a salesman，became a millionaire overnight. His father，a salesman，became a millionaire overnight.
【分析】 优化后的句子用同位语代替了原句中的定语从句，从而起到了精简句子的作用。