外研版高中英语必修3导学案（全套）

Module 3 The Violence of Nature
Period1 Words and Phrases
Learning aim: to master the usage of the words and phrases in Module 3
Leaning methods: make full use of the textbook, the guidebook and the dictionary.
I. New words
1. _________ v.经历 ;n.经验，经历
2. ____________纬度 longitude __________
3. ______________ adj.热带的 tropic_________
4. 猛烈的；强烈的 adj.________________ n.___________________
5. 爆发，喷发 vt.____________ n._________________
6. 可能 n.__________ ; adj___________--反义词___________
7. 幸运地，幸亏adv.__________；_______________
II. 单词释义连线：
1. flood a. large objects that are used in houses, like beds, tables, etc.
2. furniture b. a mountain with a large opening at the top through which melting rocks
3. erupt c. a great overflow of water on to a place that is usually dry
4. volcano d. a storm with a very strong fast wind
5. hurricane e. a continuously moving mass of liquid or gas
6. cemetery f. to explode and throw out fire, ash, and smoke
7. current g. a place where dead people are buried
8. disaster h. describing the hottest parts of the earth, north and south of the equator
9. feather i. a terrible event
10. tropical j. you can see this on a bird
III. 词义辨析
1. occur; happen; take place
三者都有“发生”的含义，但具体意义不同。
(1) occur为正式用语，可指偶然发生，也可指在制定的时间发生、出现，也可指抽象事物如思想等的发生。
(2) happen为常用语，指事物或情况偶然或未能预见地发生，其后接不定式或用在It happened that...句型中，意为：恰好，碰巧，偶然。
(3) take place指“按计划使某事或效果发生”，一般没有偶然的意味。
如：How did the accident happen 事故是如何发生的？
When will the wedding take place 婚礼何时举行？
He told me how the accident occurred.他告诉我那事故是怎样发生的。
2. ruin; damage; destroy
三者都有“破坏，毁坏”之意，但含义不同。
ruin表示破坏严重，以至不能修复，强调致使该物的功能出现了问题。
damage指部分“损坏，破坏”之意，或指价值、用途降低或外表损坏等，在破坏程度上damage要小于destroy，损坏了还可修复。
destroy指“通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之彻底毁坏以至不能或很难修复”，有时用于比喻意义，表示希望、计划等被打破。如：
She poured water all over my painting, and ruined it. 她把水全倒在了我的画上，把画毁了。
Take care not to damage the timer mechanism. 当心一点，不要弄坏计时装置。
In order to escape the punishment, they have destroyed all the evidence. 为了逃避惩罚，他们毁掉了所有证据。
IV. 根据汉语提示完成句子：
1. He________ (拾起) his suitcase and walked out.
2. The man________ (结果为……) in a cell for the night.
3. The house________ (着火) at about ten o’clock last night but it was soon ________ (扑灭了).
4. She came in and________ (脱下) her coat.
5. When did the accident________ (发生) exactly
6．There are_______________ six Atlantic hurricanes each year. （平均）7．_______________, he failed the exam. （结果）
Ｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｉｏｎ：
Period2 Reading
Learning aim: to know different kind of natural disasters
Important and difficult points: the language points in the text.
Learning methods: reading, geography book, group work , discussing, etc.
Activity 1 Read the passage on page 22 and answer these questions.
What can happen to furniture when a house is destroyed by a tornado
How many tornadoes are there in the US every year
How many people died in the worst tornado of all time
What happens during a hurricane
When was the worst hurricane of all time
What happened to him after the hurricane
Activity 2 Read the passage again and translate the following sentences.
Tornadoes can pick up cars, trains and even houses and put them down in the next street--- or even in the next town.
They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.
(1) Leave sb./sth.+(v.-ing/v.-ed/ adj./adv./介词短语
表示“使……处于某种状态”
(2) Inside表示“在……里面“形容词作后置定语 , 修饰furniture
(3) Where it was 是地点状语作leave的宾语补足语3. On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.
causing about 80 deaths 为现在分词短语作状语表结果。分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
e.g. It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country.
4. By the time it ended, more than 700 people had been killed and 2700 had been injured.
（1）by the time 意为______________引导时间状语从句，主句谓语动词用___________时态。
（2）过去完成时的被动语态由___________________ 构成，表明在过去某个时间或动作之前已经被完成的动作。
The worst hurricane disaster of all time occurred on the 8th September 1900 in Galveston, Texas.
The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlan’s coffin ended up in the sea.
end up ______________
e.g. If you go on doing that kind of thing , you’ll end up in the prison.
Activity 3 .短文改错
A terrible storm took place in a summer night. The
___ ___ 1._________
wind was so strong that many trees brought down. It _____ 2.
was already eleven o’clock. Li Ming who had been to ____ 3.
night school, was still not back and her parents were ___ 4.
very anxious. Half an hour later the wind stopped, and it __ 5.
was still raining, Li Ming’s parents were about to looking _____ 6.
for him when he returned. Li Ming explained the storm has _____ 7.
pushed over many big trees as well telephone lines, blocking _____ 8.
the roads and that the bridge had been washed away by _____ 9.
the floods. So they had been to find another way back.
10.
Period3.Grammar
Learning aim: to review what we have learnt in Module 3
Important and difficult points: some language points that the students haven’t mastered
Learning methods: group work; discussing; etc.
II. 语法专练. 把下列直接引语改为间接引语
1.The hotel manager said to me , “You have to stay in the hotel because this is the start of a hurricane.”
The hotel manager said to me ________________________________
2. He said , “ I saw the roof of the house across the road disappear a moment ago.”
He said ______________________________________________.
3. A scientist said, “ Volcanic eruptions don’t happened very often on this island.
A scientist said _________________________________________.
4. The journalist said, “ The residents will travel back to the island when the danger is over.
The journalist said __________________________________________.
5. He said, “ Half the residents left the island last week.”
He said ________________________________________________.
6. He asked, “Does this mean that the danger is over.”
He asked _______________________________________________.
7. He asked her, “May I go there now.”
He asked ______________________________________________.
8. He asked me, “What were you doing when the earthquake happened.”
He asked me ___________________________________________.
9. He asked the governor, “Can we go back to our homes tomorrow ”
He asked the governor ____________________________________.
10. The tourist asked the local people, “ Had the fire been put out before firefighter arrived.
The tourist asked the local people ___________________________.
III. 单项选择
1, By the time he leaves university , he _____ much work experience so long as he takes a part-time job.
A . will have gained B . has gained
C . may have gained D . will gain
2, The problem just ______ to be discussed at next meeting .
A . referred is B. referred to be
C . referring to is D. referred to is
3. It suddenly ________ to me that the man might be the robber the police had been hunting for.
A. comes B. referred C. happened D. occurred
4. He kept looking at her，wondering whether he _______ her somewhere .
A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen
5. There was a big fire in the building last night. _______ , all the people were able to escape.
A. Unluckily B. Fortunately C. To be sure D. Above all
6. Children need many things , but _______ they need love.
A. above all B. in all C. as well D. after all
7. The teacher _______ the exam marks on the wall so that the students could see them.
A. put up B. put on C. take down D. take off
8. The boss went into the house,_______ the five boys _____ in the rain.
A. left ; standing B. leaving ; standing
C. left; stand D. leaving; stand
9. She started with the aim of doing harm to others only _______ ruining herself.
A. to end up with B. ending up with
C. to end D. ending in
Period4. Words
Learning aim: to practice learning skills and revise words and expressions in this module
Learning methods: group work, discussing, etc.
I. 单词拼写
1, U_____, hundreds of house caught fire when the lava reached them.
2, A tornado is a c______ of air that turns very quickly in the air.
3, A lighting is the flash of light which o_____ during a thunder storm.
4,Thousands of people lost their lives during the natural d________.
5, His village was f______ in the heavy rain, so he had to move to a mountain nearby.
6, After he died, he was b______ with his wife in the country.
7, It happened that no one was on the island during the volcanic e________.
8, Is there any p_____ that we’ll see you this weekend.
9,The v_____ earthquake in California in 1906 caused 500 deaths.
10, The tidal wave caused a lot of d_____ to the Southeastern Asian countries.
II. 单项选择
1. We ______our breakfast when an old man came to the door.
A. just have had B. have just had
C. just had D. had just had
2. Thirty soldiers were killed and many more were ______.
A. Wounded B. hurt C. injured D. damaged
3. A sudden blizzard occurred in Beijing last night, ______great inconvenience in transport.
A. caused B. causing C. affecting D. brought
4. When they had finished playing, the children were made to ______ all the toys they had taken out.
A. put off B .put away C. put up D. put out
5. —How ______do you attend the evening classes
—______,three times per week.
A. long; On the whole B. often; On average
C. soon; Generally speaking D. much; In all
6. When the firemen arrived , the office building _______ for an hour.
A. had been on fire B. was on fire
C. had caught fire D. caught fire
7. When they had finished playing, the children were made to ______ all the toys they had taken out.
A. put off B .put away C. put up D. put out
8. —How ______do you attend the evening classes
—______,three times per week.
A. long; On the whole B. often; On average
C. soon; Generally speaking D. much; In all
9. –Do you mind my taking this seat
-___________.
A. Yes, sit down B. No, of course not
C. Yes, take it D. No, you can’t take it
10. When I was walking in the street, I _________ to meet a former friend of mine.
A. happened B. broke out C. occurred D. took place
11. A sudden blizzard occurred in Beijing last night, ______great inconvenience in transport.
A. caused B. causing C. affecting D. brought
III.汉译英
1大雨使他们不能去野餐了。（prevent……from）
2听到孩子的话，他们猛然意识到实际上国王没穿衣服。(wake up to)
3困在了沙漠之中，于成纯只能希望自己能活下来。(be caught in)
4他烟瘾很大，因而得了肺癌。(as a result)
Period5.Exercises
Important and difficult points: some language points that the students haven’t mastered
Learning methods: group work; discussing; etc.
Activity 1 Read the passage on page 29 and answer these questions
Where and when was the worst Chinese earthquake
Which earthquake caused the worst natural disaster in American history
What was the most dangerous thing about the California Earthquake of 1906
How many people were killed by the earthquake in the whole of California
What caused the 1906 earthquake
Activity 2 Read the passage on page81-82 and do exercise 11-12 on page 82.
2. Reading comprehension
A
Mr. Black and Mr. White were two very famous artists in the city. Their drawings were also very popular in the city. But they tried to see who could draw the best picture.
One day they asked an old man to be the judge. Mr. Black drew an apple tree. He put his picture in the field. Soon the birds came and tried to eat the apples. The old man saw it and said, “You have certainly won. Mr. White cannot draw so good a picture as yours. But we will go to see his picture.”
They went to Mr. White’s house. There were nothing but red beautiful curtains on the wall. The old man asked, “Where is your picture, Mr. White ” He said, “Lift the curtains, and you will find my picture.” The old man tried to lift the curtains but found that they were drawn there. They were Mr. White’s picture. The old man said, “Birds thought the apples were real. Men thought the curtains were real. So Mr. White won. His picture is the best one.”
1. Mr. Black drew .
A. an apple tree B. the best picture C. curtains D. birds
2. The old man thought Mr. Black’s picture was good because .
A. it was in the field B. it was an apple tree
C. the birds liked it D. the birds thought it was real
3. Mr. White’s picture was .
A. an apple tree B. curtains C. nothing D. an old man
4. Which of the following statements is TRUE
A. The birds came and ate the apples up.
B. The old man said Mr. White’s picture was the best one at last.
C. The two pictures were not so good.
D. The curtains on the wall were real.
B
Mr. and Mrs. Williams got married when he was twenty-three, and she was three years younger. Twenty-five years later, they had a big party, and a photographer came and took some photographs of them.
Then the photographer gave Mrs. Williams a card and said, “They will be ready next Wednesday. You can get them from our studio（照相馆）.”
“No,” Mrs. Williams said, “Please send them to us.”
The photographs arrived a week later, but Mrs. Williams was not happy when she saw them. She got into her car and drove to the photographer’s studio. She went inside and said angrily, “You took some photographs of me and my husband last week, but I am not going to pay for them.”
“Oh, why not ” the photographer asked.
“Because my husband looks like a monkey,” Mrs. Williams said.
“Well”, the photographer answered, “that isn’t our fault. Why didn’t you think of that before you married him ”
5. When Mr. and Mrs. Williams had a party, he was , and she was .
A. 23; 20 B. 28; 25 C.48; 45 D. 43; 40
6. When Mrs. Williams saw the photographs, she was with them.
A. contented B. satisfied C. pleased D. unhappy
7. Mrs. Williams didn’t want to pay because .
A. she had no money
B. her husband looked like a monkey in the photographs
C. she looked like a monkey in the photographs
D. she lost her money
8. The photographer said, “ .”
A. Sorry, it’s my fault B. Oh, it’s our fault
C. Pardon, it’s our fault D. Well, that isn’t our fault
Period6 Revision
Learning aim: to review what we have learnt in Module 3
Important and difficult points: some language points that the students haven’t mastered
Learning methods: group work; discussing; etc.
I. 单词拼写
1, U_____, hundreds of house caught fire when the lava reached them.
2, A tornado is a c______ of air that turns very quickly in the air.
3, A lighting is the flash of light which o_____ during a thunder storm.
4,Thousands of people lost their lives during the natural d________.
5, His village was f______ in the heavy rain, so he had to move to a mountain nearby.
6, After he died, he was b______ with his wife in the country.
7, It happened that no one was on the island during the volcanic e________.
8, Is there any p_____ that we’ll see you this weekend.
9,The v_____ earthquake in California in 1906 caused 500 deaths.
10, The tidal wave caused a lot of d_____ to the Southeastern Asian countries.
II. 语法专练. 把下列直接引语改为间接引语
1, The hotel manager said to me , “You have to stay in the hotel because this is the start of a hurricane.”
The hotel manager said to me_______________________.
2. He said, “ Half the residents left the island last week.”
He said ______________________________________.
3. He asked, “Does this mean that the danger is over.”
He asked ______________________________________.
4. He asked her, “May I go there now ”
He asked ______________________________________
5. He asked me, “What were you doing when the earthquake happened.”
He asked me ____________________________________.
6. The teacher said to Mary, “ Don’t be late tomorrow.”
The teacher told Mary _____________________________.
III. 单项选择
1, By the time he leaves university , he _____ much work experience so long as he takes a part-time job.
A . will have gained B . has gained
C . may have gained D . will gain
2, The problem just ______ to be discussed at next meeting .
A . referred is B. referred to be
C . referring to is D. referred to is
3. It suddenly ________ to me that the man might be the robber the police had been hunting for.
A. comes B. referred C. happened D. occurred
4. He kept looking at her，wondering whether he _______ her somewhere .
A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen
5. There was a big fire in the building last night. _______ , all the people were able to escape.
A. Unluckily B. Fortunately C. To be sure D. Above all
6. Children need many things , but _______ they need love.
A. above all B. in all C. as well D. after all
7. The enemy general ordered all the house _______ after they broke though the defense line.
A. be set fire to B. were set fire to
C. caught fire D. should be caught fire
8. The teacher _______ the exam marks on the wall so that the students could see them.
A. put up B. put on C. take down D. take off
9. The boss went into the house,_______ the five boys _____ in the rain.
A. left ; standing B. leaving ; standing
C. left; stand D. leaving; stand
10. She started with the aim of doing harm to others only _______ ruining herself.
A. to end up with B. ending up with
C. to end D. ending in
11. When the firemen arrived , the office building _______ for an hour.
A. had been on fire B. was on fire
C. had caught fire D. caught fire
12. We ______our breakfast when an old man came to the door.
A. just have had B. have just had
C. just had D. had just had
13.Before the first nonstop flight made in 1949, it______necessary for all planes to land for refueling.
A. would be B. has been C. had been D. would have been
14. The poisonous atmosphere will surely ______a lot of people.
A. effect B. impress C. cause D. affect
15. Thirty soldiers were killed and many more were ______.
A. wounded B. hurt C. injured D. damaged
IV. 阅读理解
An Announcement
It was a small town which lay by the coast. Most people there lived by catching fish. The hurricanes often struck the area from July to October. Some of the people died on the sea when their boats were blown over by the high winds. So they paid much attention to the weather forecasts. They were afraid to meet with the hurricanes when they were catching fish on the sea. Each of the families had a radio and people always took them with themselves and listened to them at any time.
It was September. A hurricane attacked the town one night. Plenty of trees were pushed over and all the electric and telephone lines were broken. People couldn’t watch TV, or call their friends, or go to work. To their anger, they couldn’t listen to the weather forecasts the Town Radio Station broadcast. The food and fresh water would soon be short and the patients couldn’t be given medical care—no medicine could be carried there. People didn’t know what would happen and they looked anxious.
On the fourth day they read an announcement（通告）on the Town Weekly. It was written,“Recently we have to stop the weather forecast because of the bad weather. We usually get the forecasts from the airport. But the roads are all blocked by the fallen trees and stones. Whether or not we’ll be able to broadcast the weather forecast tomorrow depends on the weather！”
1. The people in the town often took radios with themselves because______.
A. they felt lonely when catching fish on the sea and listened to the weather forecasts
B. they were interested in the weather forecasts
C. they couldn’t watch TV on the sea
D. they hoped to listen to some good news
2. The writer writes the passage mainly to ______.
A. describe the importance of weather forecast
B. give a news report
C. describe a bad effect of natural disasters
D. to warn people to be careful against hurricane
3. Read the announcement, the people were______.
A. encouraged B. happy C. excited D. disappointed
Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia
Period1 Words
Learning aim: to master the usage of the words and phrases in Module 4
Leaning methods: make full use of the textbook, the guidebook and the dictionary.
1.New words and phrases
沙尘暴_________沙丘_________ 沙漠化____________
沙尘 _____ 大气层__________ 废料_________ Mass_________ campaign _________ process ________ citizen ________forecast _________ Pollution ______ 化学药品________ 环境___________ 力量_______ 重新利用___________ Concerned ________
urgent__________complain________scary___________
absolutely _________ protection _________
cut _____ (砍倒) be _____ in (突然遭遇)
吸收_______ one ____ another (一个接一个地)
对……有影响 _________________放出__________
In a nutshell ___________ look through ____________
2. Match the words with the definitions.
①To continue to live after a difficult or dangerous situation or event __________
② To say what will probably happen. __________
③Someone who lives in a particular town or country ________
④the air around the earth. _________
⑤damage to the environment because of chemicals
⑥to treat something so that we can use again
⑦completely __________
⑧Scary __________
⑨to have a bad effect ___________
⑩ someone who knows a lot about a particular subject_______
3．Fill the blanks (根据汉语提示或首字母写出单词)
①The sight was so f_______ that he stood there, unable to move.
②Planting trees is the best way to deal with d________.
③A group of representatives of the citizens were invited to watch the p______ of the vote.
④Every day he c______ to school instead of taking a bus.
⑤The use of ______(化学药品)does great harm to the environment.
⑥ The chairman was much _______ (关心)about the living conditions of the farmers.
⑦ We still need _______ (证据)to prove that there is life on the Mars.
⑧If you think you have passed the exam, you are
_________ (绝对地)wrong.
⑨Weather experts have _______(预报)another big sandstorm in a week’s time.
⑩Sandstorms sometimes ________(影响)Beijing.
4.根据句后提示词，把下列句子翻译成英语。
一听到这个消息，她什么也没说就流下了眼泪。（but）
昨天这个时候有人听见他正在练习唱歌。（ be heard doing）
如果我们去度假，有人为我们照看房子吗？（Take care of）
为了阻止沙漠进一步逼近，村民正在种植树木和草皮。（ in order to）
问题是如何说服他改变主意。(persuade)
Period2 Reading
Learning aims:1.To practice the reading skill
2.To learn some important words ,phrases and sentences of the text
3.To know the cause of sandstorms and how to prevent sandstorms
1.Read the reading passage ,and finish Activity2on Page33
1. ______________2.____________3.____________4.___________
5._____________6.____________7_____________.8.____________
2.Activity3.on Page33
1. 2. 3. 4.
3.T or F
(1)A government campaign has been started to help solve the sandstorms problem. ( )
(2)The winds in a sandstorm can sometimes prevent you from seeing the sun. ( )
(3)Northwest China is the sandstorms centre in Central Asia. ( )
(4)Sandstorms begin in desert areas ( )
(5)Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertification” ( )
(6)To prevent sandstorms coming nearer, the government is planting trees. ( )
4.Actity4 on Page33
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
5. Activity5
1____________2._____________3._______________
4.__________5._____________6.______________
6.Answer the questions:
(1)What are sandstorms
(2)Where are major sandstorms in the world
(3)To be cycling in a sandstorm is frightening. Why What should we wear if we go out
(4)What do you think is the cause of sandstorms
(5)How can we prevent sandstorms
Cultural Corner
Activity1 Read the passage on page 39.
1.T or F
(1)Germans put their garbage into different bags. ( )
(2)People can burn too much coal. ( )
(3)In the 1970s, the “Green” movement began. ( )
(4)The “Green ” movement tries to be against the government. ( )
2.Answer the questions:
(1)How do countries in Europe try to improve the environment
(2)When and why did the “Green ”movement begin
(3)What does the “Green” movement try to do
Activity2 Read the passage on page 87
1.The Dust Bowl lasted nearly ten years in America. ( ).
2.People were forced to leave the southern plains. ( )
3.The lack of rainfall caused the Dust Bowl disaster. ( )
4.The Chinese government is fighting desertification by moving people to the cities. ( )
5.The most serious situation is Africa. ( )
6.The climate is largely responsible for desertification in Africa.
7.It is important to save the forests to stop the desert advancing. ( )
2.Answer the questions:
(1)What was the worst agricultural disaster in the history of the United States
(2)What caused the disaster `
(3)What is the Chinese government doing to fight desertification
Period3. Words
Learning aim: to master the usage of the words and phrases in Module4
Leaning methods: make full use of the textbook, the guidebook and the dictionary.
(1)Sandstorms have been a major disaster for Asian countries for centuries.
Major (adj.) (n.) (v.)
(2)It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation I’ve ever been in.
. (I’ve ever been in 为定语从句，修饰situation)
(3)Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertification”
as a result of =
(4)Citizens wake up to an orange sky and strong winds that cover the city in a thick, brown-yellow dust.
wake up: wake up to sth:
eg: 他意识到他错了
(5)To prevent it coming nearer, the government is planting trees.
prevent sb/sth (from) doing sth :
达标测评.
1.Complete the sentences:
(1)掌握一门外语不是一件容易的事情。
is not an easy thing.
(2)遭遇沙尘暴是一件可怕的事。
was a terrible experience.
(3)人们过度砍树和挖草皮。
People and .
(4) Sam his father stop (建议他父亲戒烟)
(5)Some countries are others looking after the environment.(更善于)
(6) People in countries (例如)Germany
their garbage different bags.（把……放入）
2.Choose the correct answer.
(1) When Jason failed to pay his bill, the network company his Internet connection.
A. cut off B. cut back C. cut short D. cut down
(2)I was just talking to Margaret when Jackson .
A. cut in B. cut down C. cut out D. cut up
(3) I moved to a small town and changed my job years ago. I don’t make
.
money as much so I used to B. money as much as I was used to
C. as much money as I used to D. as much money as I was used to
(4) this cake, you’ll need 2 eggs,175g sugar and 175 g flour.
A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making
(5)This school was the first textbooks as well as reading materials.
A. publishing B. to publish C. having published D. published
(6) We should protect the trees from .
A. destroy B. destroying C. being destroyed D. be destroyed
(7)．Smith looked the students’ test paper before he went out to dinner.
A. out B. through C. at D. on
(8).Paul doesn’t have to be made . He always works hard.
A learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
(9). ____, it doesn’t matter whether I can defeat John. in the match
A. As much as I’m concerned
B. As far as I’m concerning
C. As long as I’m concerning
D. As far as I’m concerned
(10). ----Don’t ____ to me again ____ your low position in the government
----Ok. I promise never.
A. complain ; of B. complaint ; about
C. apologize ; of D. advise ; on
(11). The ___ problems in this city are related to traffic.
A. majority B. major
C. magic D. mainly
(12). As is known, smoking has ____ our health..
A. a bad effect on B. bad effect to
C. an effort on D. affect to
Period4.Grammar
Learning aim: Master the usage of the infinitive.
Important points and difficult points: How to use the infinitive in the sentences.
Learning methods: group work, discussing, doing exercises.etc.
I 动词不定式的时态和语态形式
时 态 主 动 被 动
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done to have been done
1. 动词不定式的一般式：表示与主动词处于同一时间层面或动作发生于主动词之后。
eg: He seems to understand what I said hope to visit Paris again. . 动词不定式的进行式：表示与主动词同时发生且动作正在进行。
eg: The two cheats pretended to be working hard.
3. 动词不定式的完成式：表示不定式动作发生于主动词之前。
eg: She seems to have seen this film.
He happened to have gone out when I went to see him
4. 动词不定式的被动式：表示与逻辑主语之间的被动关系。
eg: The meeting to be held tomorrow is about how to stop the pollution.
I want to have been told the news earlier.
Ⅱ动词不定式的句法功能
不定式的句法功能是做主语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，主语补足语，定语，目的状语和结果状语，分别给出一个例句 ：
1） To master a foreign language is necessary for a college student.
(主语)
2） Your job is to wash dishes.（表语）
3） She promised to give him a chance. (宾语)
4） The teacher told his students to pay attention to their pronunciation.（宾语补足语）
5） I was asked to help him with his lessons.（主语补足语）
6） Have you got a pencil to draw pictures with （定语）
7） Some scientists went to Germany to attend a medical conference.（状语）
8） He was too excited to say anything.（状语）
Ⅲ 不定式的复合结构
1）“疑问词+不定式”可以做主语，宾语，表语，同位语。
The problem is how to persuade him to change his mind.
2) 带有逻辑主语的结构of/ for sb. to do sth
The first thing to do is to clean the room.
It is foolish of you to say such words.
辨析：⑴ It is + adj.+ of sb + to do sth.;// ⑵It is + adj.+ for sb + to do sth.
差别：以上（1）结构中的adj是用来说明主语的特征的，并作其表语； 而结构（2）中的adj是用来说明句中动词的特征的。
Eg: It’s foolish of you to do such things
可转化为：You’re foolish to do such things.
但:It’s easy for you to learn English well
不可以象上边那样转化。
Step 3 Practice.
Ex1.
Fill in the blanks with the verbs in their proper forms.
It's very kind of you ________ it for me. (do)
2.My job is ________ the students English. (teach)
3.If you want ________ with us, you should be ready by eight o'clock.(go)
4.I dare not ________ him about it. (tell)
5.He told me ________ at six thirty. (leave)
6.The children are warned ________ in that lake. (not swim)
7.Before you leave the room, please remember ________ the light. (turn off)
8.You'd better ________(stay) at home and ________ (do) your homework.
9.It's too hard ________ (do) it by myself. 10.It takes about two hours ________ (get to) the station.
11.It's time ________ our class. (start)
12.I have a lot of things ________ you. (tell)
13.I'm very glad ________ you again. (hear from)
14.The article is not easy ________ . (understand)
15.We didn't have time ________ a rest. (to have)
16.I'll try ________ that again. (not do)
17.John's wish is ________ a writer in the future. (become)
18.I'd like ________ (go) to the Summer Palace.
19.She doesn't know whether and when ________ Shanghai in two days. (leave)
20.She is not sure how ________ out the maths problem. (work)
Ex2
1. Don't forget _________ the letter.
A. to send B. send C. sending D. being sent
2. The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable to _________.
A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on
3. Is ______ necessary to return the book tomorrow
A. this B. that C. it D. which
4. I'm afraid they would not allow him ________ here.
A. to smoke B. smoking C. smokes D. smoke
5. Mother told me ________ the water before I drank it.
A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D. to boil
6. On my way home, I stopped _______ some food.
A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought
7. John was made _______ the car for a week as a punishment.
A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing
8. The sitting-room needs _______, but it'll have to wait until Saturday.
A. be cleaning B. to be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned
9. The first thing I want to do is __________.
A. visit to him B. to visit him C. visiting him D. visited him
10. Li Yang advised me _________ too much, otherwise I would have been drunk.
A. not to drink B. to drink C. not drinking D. drinking
Can’t help but结构
区别：can’t help doing …禁不住…
Hearing that she was admitted to a famous college, she can’t help jumping.
1、不定式动词在介词but, except, besides等表示“除了……”之意的后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to,否则带to。
She could do nothing but cry.
她只有哭泣。
Tom did nothing except wait before his parents came home.
父母回家之前，汤姆只有等待。
Capitalists would do nothing besides make profit from the workers.
资本家除了从工人身上榨取利益之外，什么也不顾及。
What do you like to do besides swim
除了游泳你喜欢做什么？
He did nothing else than laugh.
他只笑笑而已。
I have no choice but to accept the fact.
除了接受这一事实，我别无选择。
I have no choice but to go.
我别无选择，只有走。
2. 在can’t but, can’t help but , can’t choose but(不得不，只能)结构后，不定式不带to。
I can’t help but be sorry.
我只能说抱歉。
There being no buses, he can’t but walk home.
由于没有公共汽车，他只能步行回家。
He can’t choose but accept the offer.
他只能接受提议。
I cannot but admire his courage.
我只能钦佩他的勇气。
We could not but weep at our bad luck.
对于我们的厄运我们只能哭泣。
It’s raining hard. I cannot help but stay at home.
天在下大雨，我只好停在家里。
They couldn’t choose but stay there.
他们不得不呆在那儿。
Period5 Revision
Learning aim: Review the useful words and expressions in the module.
Important points and difficult points:1.How to use some useful words and phrases,
Method: individual work and group work
一．重点短语
1.砍倒 __________________
2. 阻止…干… __________________
3. 保护…不受…p的侵害 ______________
4. 只有做…. ___________________
5. 挖出______________
6. 放出 发出 _________________
7. 简言之 ______________
8. 醒来后面对…清醒地意识到 ____________________
9. 遭遇到… _________________
10.吸收 欺骗 __________________
11. 对…有影响__________________
12. 带走 拿走 ________________
13. 一个接一个地__________________
14. 允许某人做… ______________________
15.认真严肃地考虑…_________________
二. 经典考题 课本回扣新课标第一网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
1.（课文原文）I couldn’t agree with you more.
(2007 山东23.) ---Have you been wasting time on computer games again
---______. I’ve been studying a lot and I need a break.
A.No way B. Not really
C. I don’t agree D. I couldn’t agree more
2.(课文原文)There is nothing to be done.
(2007.宁夏 25)---The last one____ pays the meal.----Agreed!
A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving
3.(课文原文)The garbage is then taken away and, if possible, recycled.
(2007.全国. 28)We all know that ,_____,the situation will get worse.
A. not if dealt carefully with
B. if not carefully dealt with
C. if dealt not carefully with
D. not if carefully dealt with
4.(课文原文)The machine you had repaired went wrong , which made him angry .
(2007.宁夏 25)You should understand the traffic rule by now .You’ve had it ___ often enough .
A. explaining B. to explain
C. explain D. explained
5. (课文原文)They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.
(2007.上海 33)Pop music is such an important part of society____ it has even influenced our language.
A.as B. that C. which D. where
三．完成下列句子：
In China, ___________(一场群众运动) has been started to help solve it.
Sandstorms in China____________________(好象有所增加) in recent years _______________________(由于沙漠化的原因).
This is a ________(过程) that happens when land becomes desert because of _____________(天气变化) and because people _________ (砍伐) trees and ___________ (挖)grass.
When a sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts _________(建议) people not ____________(出去).
The desert is only 250 kilometers away ______________(北京以西).
__________________________(为阻止沙漠逼近), the government is planting trees .
四.回归课文 精选段落
Sandstorms are strong ,dry winds that (携带)____________sand .They are often(如此厚以至于)____________________ you cannot see the sun and the wind is sometimes strong enough to （移动）___________ sand sues. The four main places in the world（在那里）__________ there are sandstorms are Central Asia, North America ,Central Africa and Australia . Ren Jianbo , from Inner Mongolia (描述)___________ a terrible sandstorm he （经历）______________ as a child in the desert.”（遭遇到了）____________________________ a sandstorm was a terrible experience, ” he said.” The was nothing (能够做)_______________. It was the most (可怕的)_________________ and the most dangerous (形势)_____________ I’ve ever been in. You just had to hope you’d (幸存下来)____________ .I thought I was going to (消失)_____________ under the sand”.
Reflection:
Period6 Ｔｅｓｔ
Learning aim: Review the useful words and expressions in the module.
Important points and difficult points:1.How to use some useful words and phrases,
Method: individual work
Ⅰ.单项选择
1. I cannot ____ puzzled, for I simply cannot understand how I could have made such a stupid mistake.
help feel B. help but to feel C. but to feel D. but feel
2. I have worked with children before, so I know what ____ in my new job.
A .expected B.to expect C. to be expected D. expects
3. It was foolish ___ you to give up what you rightly owned.
A. for B. of C. about D. from
4.--- The light in the office is on.
--- Oh, I forget _____.
A. turning it off B. turn it off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
5. I’ll get her ____ the door.
A. see B. seeing C. to see D. for seeing
6. The government must take measures to prevent rivers___.
A. polluted B. polluting C. from D. being polluted
7. --- What a pity! Sao Paulo lost the football game yesterday.
--- ____ . It was that Sao Paulo defeated Liverpool to win the championship.
You are absolutely wrong B. You are absolutely right
C. It can’t be worse D. I couldn’t agree more
8. The sound of thunder _____ made her very ____.
one after another; scary B. little by little; scary
C. one after another; scared D. little by little; scared
9. --- What do you think of the film “Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire”
--- There’s a lot I could say, but to put it____ it was fantastic!
in a sense B. in other words
C. in a nutshell D. in detail
10. The water that trees____has a good effect ___their growth.
A. give out; for B. take in; in
C. give out; upon D. take in; on
11. After we carried the boxes to the top of the building, our
____ almost gave out.
ability B. power C. force D. strength
12. The public were deeply ____ the safety of the miners in the Heilongjiang mine disaster.
A. concerned about B. interested in
C. amazed at D. disappointed by
13. A system has been set up ___ the coming of earthquake so as to reduce the losses it causes.
A. to forecast B. to be forecasting
C. to be forecast D. to have forecast
14. A storm is probable to come. Let’s hurry so as not to ___ it.
A. catch B. be caught C. be caught in D. catch in
15. ____ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.
A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept
Ⅱ.完型填空
Scientists have made a lot of research on desert. A desert is a land 16 plants, animals and people cannot get all the water they need because the climate is 17 too dry or too cold. 18 deserts have 19 than 10 inches of rainfall a year. There may be months or even years between one rainstorm and 20 .The rainwater quickly runs
the land, sinks into the sand or evaporates into the dry air.
No matter how dry a desert may be, it is 22 to man. In some of the driest regions 23 has found valuable minerals. The discovery of petroleum, in particular, 24 great changes to the deserts. Oil is now the most important export of several desert countries in the Middle East, and it has been 25 in the western Sahara, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Kuwait are 26 called oil kingdoms.
Man has changed the desert in many ways to make it a better place 27 to live. But the greatest problem of the deserts 28 . That problem is 29 water over large areas. Man is 30 to the sea as a source of water.
Scientists are constantly 31 methods of 32 the salt from water so that it can be used in industry and agriculture. Some people believe that man will one day be able to 33 the climate and produce rainfall over the desert when it is wanted. This would be a simple 34 to the water problem, but we 35 much more about the atmosphere before that will be possible.
16. A. there B. where C. which D. that
17. A. both B. never C. either D.neither
18. A. Most B. most of C. All D. The Most
19. A. fewer B. more C.little D. less
20. A. the other B.other C.the next D. next one
21. A. off B. out of C. into D. from
22 A. rarely worthless B. nearly worthless
C .almost of no use D .almost worthless
23. A. people B. man C. scientists D. the man
24. A. brought up B. has brought C. have led up to D. has caused up
25. A.uncovered B. discovered C. invented D.founded out
26. A. some time B. sometime C. sometimes D. some times
27. A. where B. which C. in which D. that
28. A. stays B. leaves C. lies D. remains
29. A. loss of B. lack of C. in need of D. short for
30. A. turning B. going C. coming D. running
31. A. thinking B. improving C. finding D. sending
32. A. moving B. removing C. taking D. getting
33. A. control B. make C. improve D. arrange
34. A. way B. solution C. method D. means
35. A. need to find Bwant to learn C. need to know D. need to study
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
Sandstorms usually happen in spring in northern China. Most of sand comes from Gansu and Inner Mongolia. In northern China lots of places have few trees and don’t get much rain. People there have been cutting down too many trees. When there aren’t many trees, the ground can’t keep enough water. Over the years, the ground dries up and turns to sand. When spring comes and the ice melts, the ground becomes looser.（松散） Strong winds take the loose sand into the sky.
Sandstorms have bad effects on people’s health. If people breathe too much sand, they could cough or have asthma.（哮喘） Sandstorms also give farmers lots of problems. Sometimes their sheep get lost in the storms and never get back home. The winds also tear farmers’ houses down. What can you do to stop sandstorms Ask your parents to help you plant some trees this spring. See people cutting down too many trees, tell them if you about the dangers of sandstorms, and ask your government to stop them from cutting.
Sandstorms are bad for people’s eyes, nose and skin. So remember to take good care of yourself if sandstorms come your way.
If you a sandstorm is coming, stay at home and close your windows. If you have to go outside during a sandstorm, remember to put a wet towel （毛巾）over your mouth. That will prevent sand from getting in your mouth if you get sand in you eyes, close your eyes and put your head down. Wait until your tears wash the sand out. Don’t rub（揉） your eyes it you get sand in them. And if your hands are not clean, your eyes could get infected. （感染）Don’t forget to wash your face and hands when you get back home.
1、The purpose of the passage is to
A teach us ways to prevent sandstorms
B show the relationship between sandstorms and health
C warn us against sandstorms
D give information about sandstorms
2、What’s the direct reason that sandstorms usually happen in northern China
A Northern China is rich in sand and short of rains
B It blows strong winds there and the sand is taken into the sky
C Many trees have been cut down and it rains little there.
D The ice there melts in spring and the ground becomes loose.
3、Which of following statements is TRUE according to the second paragraph
A If you have asthma, you will breathe too much sand.
B In sandstorm days farmers’ sheep don’t go home
C Sandstorms can damage people’s houses.
D Northing can be done to prevent sandstorms.
4、From the last paragraph, we can learn that during a sandstorm,
A We should put a wet towel over our head when we go outside.
B We must not go out and should stay at home and close the windows
C We can’t rub our eyes when sand gets in.
D We should wash our face and hands many times.
IV.书面表达
请根据下列提示，用英语写一篇论文，论述沙漠的成因、危害及其控制的措施。
提示：1. 沙漠的起因： 有自然原因，有人为原因。有人乱伐树木，动物吃光小植物；风把表层土刮走。
2.人能制造沙漠，也能控制其蔓延。沿沙漠边缘营造绿化带，我国在北部建立了防风带。
3. 沙漠正以惊人速度扩展，危及世界。应该采取措施制止沙漠化。
注意：1.题目自拟。
2.提示词： 防风带--- wind break; 威胁--- threaten
Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China
Period1 Words
Learning aim: to master the usage of the words and phrases in Module 5
Leaning methods: make full use of the textbook, the guidebook and the dictionary.
词汇互译
平等的_______ n.________ 平等
重要；重要性___________ adj. _________重要的
教导；学说（常作复数）___________
adviser_______n.______(建议) v._______（建议）
建议某人做某事________________________
influential___________ v._________ n._________
honesty________ adj_______ 诚实的
justice_______ adj_______ 公正
contribution_______ v.__________
argument_________ v.__________
freedom_________ adj._________
order__________ put sth in order_____________
stress_________ lay stress on ______________
invent________发明家_________n发明___________
fuel ________ condition______________ love______
kindness_________ adj.___________
principle_______ position_______ resign_________ category_______
与……交战_____________ 养育，抚养______________
对……感兴趣 _____________ 为……自豪___________
总之_____________信仰；信任____________
第一次_________________
二．单词拼写
1. It is widely agreed that man is born e______.
2. Though p______ is dull and hard to understand, yet it tells us how to deal with things well.
3. He was accepted by the company and was given an important p_______ there.
4. Tom was not pleased with his boss and planned to
r_______.
5. My teacher’s______(影响)made me study science .
6.He was remembered because of the ________ (贡献)he made to the Chinese economic development.
7.Young people are encouraged to fight for ______(自由).
8. I will not change my car as it is still in good
________(状况).
9. Confucius’s _______ (teach) influenced Chinese society for generations.
10. One of the most important Chinese ______ (invent) was paper.
11．China’s ________(contribute) to science has been enormous.
12. Mencius believed in ______ (kind) and duty.
13. He held the ______ (believe) that all people are equal.
14. ______ (honest) is an important human quality.
15. The first book was_____ (print) in Europe in 1454.
三．Translation
1. Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
2. He was brought up by his mother. bring sb. up______________
3. In conclusion, I think that cars are very useful because tr`vel is so easy with a car.
4. He is a ma. of who China can be prkud (of him).
be proud of________________
5. All three teachers believed in the importance of kindness and good government.
6.卟 是一佅思想家，他的瀆论同孔子的理论很相似。（be similar to）
7. 但是，当他看到统治者不采纳他的忠告的时候，他辞去了官职。
（ follow one’s advice）
8. 己所不欲，勿施于人。
Period2.Reading Philosophers of Ancient China
Learning aims:1.To practice the reading skill
2.To know about great people and their teachings in ancient China
3. to learn the text and get a general idea of the people
Importance and difficulty: the philosophy of the ancient philosophers and the important sentences.
Ⅰ.Revise new words.
Ⅱ. Fill the blanks with the proper form of words
In ancient china, private teachers traveled from state to s______ explaining their p_________. Confucius was the most important of the ancient Chinese p_________. Confucius’s t__________ influenced the society for more than 2000 years. Other important t_________ included Mencius and Mozi. All three teachers believed in the i__________ of kindness and good government. Mencius’s ideas were very similar to those of Confucius, but some of Mozi’s t _________ were very different. For example, he hated the idea of w_______ and believed that strong people should l_______ _______ weaker people.
Ⅲ. Read the first paragraph and do the following exercises.
Ancient China was a place _________ states were often ______ ______ with each other.
Translate:
It was also a time ________ there are many great philosophers.
Which sentence has the same meaning as the following one
Confucius is more influential than any other philosopher of ancient China.
What did Confucius stress
5. The Chinese people _______ for over 2000 years.
A. followed Confucius teachings B. influenced Confucius
Ⅳ. Read paragraph 2 and do the following exercises.
Mencius was a thinker _______ _______ were very similar to those of Confucius.
Translating:
Mencius believed that the reason ______ man is different from animals is ______ man is good.
Translate:
Put the sentences in order of time.
His father died when he was young.
He was given an important position in the government of a state.
When he saw that the rulers were not following his advice, he resigned.
He became an adviser to another ruler.
He was born in 372BC.
He was brought up by his mother.
He traveled from state to state teaching the principles of Confucius.
He spent his last years preparing a book of his teachings called The Book of Mencius.
When would people be good, in Mencius’s opinion
Who did Mencius think more important, people or rulers
Ⅴ. Read paragraph 3 and do the following exercises.
Mozi was another teacher ______ was very influential.
mozi came from a family _______ was very poor.
What did Mozi become famous for
4. Which sentence can be replaced by the following one
The beliefs of Mozi have something in common with those of Confucius.
5. As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state ________ people would follow his teachings.
Translate:
Mozi’s idea of love was the same as the Confucian idea of kindness. (True/False)
Ⅵ. Read again and decide whose ideas the following belong to.
We should love all human beings.
Man is born good.
People are important than rulers.
Treat others in the way you want to be treated.
All human beings are equal.
Period3.4. Grammar
Learning aim: Master attributive clause.
Important points and difficult points:1.How to use relative pronouns and verbs.
Method: individual work and group work
.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。
二.关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow
(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow
三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.
(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.
(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
(5) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.
(6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等
(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)
(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)
2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)
(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)
(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)
(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)
3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词
(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
四．关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.
五．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
形式上 不用逗号和主句隔开 用逗号和主句隔开
意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除 是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整
译法上 翻译成先行词的定语，“…的…” 通常翻译成主句的并列句
关系词的使用上 A．做宾语时可省略 B。可用that C．可用who代替whom A．不可省 B。不用that C。不用who代替whom
限制性定语从句举例：
(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.
(2) China is a country which has a long history.
非限制性定语从句举例：
(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.
(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.
要注意区分以下几个句子的不同
(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.
他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥）
(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.
他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）
难点分析
（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况
1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时
(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said
(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.
(3) All that can be done has been done.
(4) There is little that I can do for you.
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
2. 当先行词被序数词修饰
(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时www.xkb1.com ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
(1) This is the best film that I have seen.
4. 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时
(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,
(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/
5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时
(1) Who is the man that is standing there
(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most
6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时
(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned
（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句
as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：
1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。
(1) He married her, as/which was natural.
(2) He was honest, as/which we can see. 新课标第一网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
2. as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思
(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.
(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.
(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.
(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.
注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which
(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.
3. 当先行次受such, the same修饰时，常用as
(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.
(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.
(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.
注意：当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同
(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
（三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。
(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.
(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句
(1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don’t )
(五) 区分定语从句和同位语从句
1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系xkb1.com
(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句
(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位于从句
2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成分
(1) The news he told me is true.
(2) The news that he has just died is true.
(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语
(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.
3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以
(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. 同位语
(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.
(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.
(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.
语法练习；新 课 标第 一网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
高考定语从句考试题及答案
1. I don’t like ___ you speak to her. (1996上海)
A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which
2. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those ___in the forest. (1997上海)
A. once they grew B. they grew once C. they once grew D. that once grew
3. Carol said the work would be done by October, _____ personally I doubt very much. (99)
A. it B. that C. when D. which
4. _______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior schools is increasing.
A. Which B. As C. That D. It
5. He was very rude to the Customs officer, ______ of course made things even worse.
A. who B. whom C. what D. which
6. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, __,of course , made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which C. this D. what
7. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
8. The result of the experiment was very good, ______ we hadn’t expected.
A. when B. that C. which D. what
9. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, ______ leading actor is world-famous
A. its B. it’s C. whose D. which
10. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, ______ was true.
A. he B. this C. which D. who
11. The film brought the hours to me ______ I was taken good care of in that far away village.
A. until B. that C. when D. where (2001NMET)
12. _______ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What (2001NMET)
13. He is the only one of the students who ______ a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been (2002上海春季)
14. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation _________ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. where B. which C. while D. why (2001上海)
15. Is this the reason ______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work
A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained (2002)
16. The famous basketball star, ______ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
A. where B. when C. which D. who (2002北京春季)
17. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _____ I will always treasure.
A. that B. one C. it D. what (2002NMET)
18. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums and some other places, ______ other visitors seldom go.
A. what B. which C. where D. when (2002北京)
19. We are living in an age ______ many things are done on computer.
A. which B. that C. whose D. when (2003北京春)
20. _______ has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month.
A. That B. As C. It D. What (2003上海春)
21. .George Orwell, ______ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. （2004北京）
A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name
22. ______ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
23. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, ______, of course, made the others envy him. （2004天津）
A. who B. that C. what D. which
24. It is easy to do the repair. ______ you need is a hammer and some nails. （2004天津）
A .Something B. All C. Both D. Everything
25. ________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. （2004江苏）
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
26. Anyway, that evening, ____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place. （2004浙江）
A. when B. where C. what D. which
27. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _____ the sailing time was 226 days. （2004广西）xkb1.com
A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which
28. I work in a business _________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. （2004湖南）
A. how B. which C. where D. that
29. There was ________ time __________ I