必修三Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China语言点

(共247张PPT)
Module 5
Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China
伟大的人民与中国古代伟大的发明
必修三
语言点
基础自主回顾
Ⅰ.课标单词
1．__________秩序(n.)
2．__________原则；准则(n.)
3．__________职位(n.)
4．__________强调(vt.)
5．__________辞职(vi.)
order
principle
position
stress
resign
6．__________有影响的(adj.)
7．__________公正(n.)
8．__________燃料(n.)
9．__________状况；条件；环境(n.)
10．__________平等的(adj.)→__________平等(n.)
11．__________哲学家(n.)→__________哲学(n.)
influential
justice
fuel
condition
equal
equality
philosopher
philosophy
12．__________顾问(n.)→__________建议(v.)→__________(n.)
13．__________诚实(n.)→__________(adj.)
14．__________贡献(n.)→__________贡献；捐献；投稿(v.)
15．__________发明(vt.)→__________(n.)→__________发明家(n.)
16．__________争论；辩论；议论(n.)→__________(v.)
adviser
advise
advice
honesty
honest
contribution
contribute
invent
invention
inventor
argument
argue
Ⅱ.常用短语
1．___________________________与……交战
2．_________________________为……自豪
3．____________________________责任感
4．___________________________首次；第一次
5．__________________________与……不同
be at war with
be proud of/ take pride in
a sense of responsibility
for the first time
be different from
6．____________养育；抚养；呕吐
7．____________总之
8．____________与……相似
9．____________照顾
10．____________叫醒
bring up
in conclusion
be similar to
look after
wake up
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．Treat others ____________ you want to be treated.
己所不欲，勿施于人。
答案：in the way
2．Ancient China was ______________ states were often ____________ each other.
古代中国是一个国与国之间经常发生战争的地方。
答案：a place where; at war with
3．Mencius believed that ____________ man is different from animals ________ man is good.
孟子认为人不同于动物的原因是人性善。
答案：the reason why; is that
4．____________ you need to be a bit mad to be an inventor.
据说要想成为发明家，得需要一点疯狂和着迷。
答案：They say that
Ⅳ.模块语法
1．A computer is so useful a machine ________ we can use everywhere.
A. that　　　　　　　　B. which
C. as D. what
答案与解析：C　本题考查定语从句。由句意：计算机是我们随处可用的一种有用的机器。由句中so＋adj.＋a＋n.知先行词被so修饰，定语从句中又缺少宾语，故选C。要注意与so...that句型的区别。
2．Albert Einstein, for ________ life had once been very hard, was successful later in science.
A. whom B. whose
C. which D. his
答案与解析：A　本题考查介词提前的定语从句。Einstein为先行词，故选A。
3．Our teacher is always busy preparing lessons until 11 o'clock at night, ________ we students have gone to sleep.
A. that time B. by which time
C. by that time D. which time
答案与解析：B　本题考查定语从句。由句中．.. until 11 o'clock at night知先行词为表时间的词，又据句后．.. have gone to sleep知应选B，“在……之前”。
4．The river, ________ the banks are covered with trees, is very long.
A. whose B. which
C. of which D. which of
答案与解析：C　本题考查定语从句。whose banks＝of which the banks＝the banks of which。
5．We can never forget the days ________ the two astronauts in spaceship worked together and the days ________ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when
C. what; that D. on which; when
答案与解析：A　本题考查定语从句关系词的应用。尽管两空前都是the days，但分析句子成分知第一空填关系副词，作不及物动词work的时间状语；第二空填关系代词，作及物动词spend的宾语。故选A。
考点探究解密
1. equal　 vt.　等于，与……相等(＝be equal to)；比得上
adj.　(大小、数量、程度)相等的；胜任的
n．　同等的人和物
(回归课本P41)All human beings are equal.人人平等。
精讲拓展：
①equally adv.同样地；相等地
equality n．相等；平等；同等
equalize vt.使相等；使平等
②be the equal of one's words 说到做到
③be without equal无比；无敌
④be equal to sth./doing sth.等于；能胜任
⑤be equal with与……平等
⑥equal pay for equal work同工同酬
误区警示：equal作名词时是可数名词表示“相同的事物或数量”，而equality是一不可数名词表示“相等”。
朗文在线：
①A pound is roughly equal to 500 grams.
1磅约等于500克。
②Trade should balance when supply equals demand.
供需相当时贸易便达到平衡。
③His paintings are without equal in the Western world.
他的画在西方世界首屈一指。
词语辨析：equal与same
两者都含有“相同的”的意思。
①equal指“在数量、大小、价值、程度等方面不存在差别的”。
One li is equal to half a kilometer.一华里等于半公里。
②same指“同一的”“相同的”“实质上不同，但在数量、意义、外表上没有明显区别的”。
They have the same problem.他们有相同的问题。
命题方向：equal常与词义接近的词，以词语辨析题的形式出现。
活学巧练：
1. In my opinion，no search engine can __________ Baidu in search scopes and speed.
A．compete　　　　　　B．equal
C．win D．suit
答案与解析：B　equal...in...“在……方面与……匹敌”。句意：在我看来，在搜索范围和搜索速度方面，没有一个搜索引擎可与百度相匹敌。
2．Running a company is not________a matter of hiring people— they also need to be trained.
A．simply　　　　　　　B．partly
C．seriously D．equally
解析：选A。句意是：经营一家公司不仅仅是雇佣工人的问题——他们也需要被培训。simply“仅仅；简单地”；partly“部分地”；seriously“严肃地”；equally“相同地”。
★2.Fitness is important in sport，but of at least ________importance are skills.
A．fail B．reasonable
C．equal D．proper
解析：选C。该题考查形容词作定语的用法。应注意根据句意选用意义恰当的形容词。该句的正常语序为“...but skills are of at least________importance”。equal importance表示“同等重要的”。
2. order 　 n．　秩序；次序，顺序；整齐；命令；订购；订单；点饭(菜)
vt.　命令；订购；安排
(回归课本P43)He stressed the importance of kindness ，duty and order in society.
他强调了仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。
归纳总结
误区警示：in/out of order，in order that.../to do短语中order前用零冠词。
朗文在线：
①Sunlight is needed in order for photosynthesis to take place.
需要阳光来进行光合作用。
②Then they call out our names in order and we answer yes or no.
随后，他们依次点我们的名字，我们则回答到与否。
③On Stalin's orders the target for the five year plan was raised once again.
奉斯大林之命，五年计划的指标又一次提高了。
④Some teachers find it difficult to keep their classes in order.
有些老师觉得难以维持课堂秩序。
⑤The doctor ordered me to take a rest for a month.
＝The doctor ordered that I (should) take a rest for a month.
医生指示我要休息一个月。
完成句子
①这本书我想订十册。
I would like to place an order for ten copies of this book.
②我的闹钟坏了，今天早晨3点就把我叫醒了。
My clock was out of order and woke me up at 3 o’clock this morning.
③离开办公室前，他把文件整理了一下。
He put his papers in order before he left the office.
命题方向：in order与out of order短语是重要考点。
活学巧练：
(1) He listed the events _____________(按……顺序) importance.
(2) That young teacher can't keep ________ (秩序) in her classroom.
(3)It'll be quite __________(适宜的) for you to make this suggestion at our next meeting.
in order of
order
in order
(4)They're going to London ___________ (以便) they may see the queen.
(5)It's time we ________ (叫) dinner.
(6)The father ________ (命令) the son out of the house.
in order that
ordered
ordered
即境活用
3．John saved his money________he can buy a bicycle.
A．in case　　　　　　　B．in order that
C．in order to D．as though
解析：选B。考查in order that引导目的状语从句的用法。本句意为“约翰为了买自行车把钱都存了起来。”in case表示“以防；万一”；as though表示“好像”，与题意不符；而若选C则应表达为．..in order to buy a bicycle。
★4.He ordered that the work ________at once.
A．started B．was started
C．start D．be started
解析：选D。order表示“命令”，后跟定语从句，从句要用虚拟语气，即sb.should do...，其中should可以省略，本句中因为从句的主语为the work，所以应用被动语态(should)be started。本句意为“他下令立即开展工作。”
3 invent　 vt.　发明；捏造；虚构
(回归课本P47)For example，it is the country in which silk was first invented.
例如，丝绸最先发明于这个国家。
归纳总结
例句探源
①The Chinese invented the compass.
中国人发明了指南针。
②Abner Doubleday invented baseball in 1839.
阿布纳·道布尔迪于1839年发明了棒球。
③(朗文P297)Kai invented some excuse about having a headache.
卡伊编了个头疼的借口。
④(牛津P1075)Such changes have not been seen since the invention of the printing press.
自从发明了印刷机，这种变革还没有出现过。
易混辨析
discover，find，invent，create
(1)discover发现的对象本身存在，但主语不知道，如科学真理、新的区域等，有时也泛指“发现”某种情况、丢失的东西。
(2)find作“发现”讲，其常用结构是find＋宾语＋补足语。find接that从句则表示“发现一个事实、一个道理”。
(3)invent指“发明”，发明以前没有的新东西，如工具、机器、材料、方法等，也可指“捏造”某种不诚实的借口、理由等。
(4)create则指有目的地把原材料制成新产品，也指创造出原来不存在的或与众不同的事物。
①Some believe the universe was created by a explosion.
②She found that no one could answer the question.
③Edison invented the electric light.
④Police discovered a large stash of drugs while searching the house.
即境活用
完成句子
We must________________for our absence.
我们必须为缺席编造一个借口。
答案：invent an excuse
4．resign　vt.放弃，辞去；vi.辞职
He resigned his position as chairman.
他辞去了主席的职位。
Two members resigned from the board in protest.
董事会的两名成员辞职以示抗议。
精讲拓展：
①not resign oneself to不甘心
②resign...to...把……托付给……
③resign oneself to听任(某种影响)；只好(做某事)
④resignation n．辞职；辞职信；放弃；顺从
词语辨析：resign与retire
①resign表示因对工作不满意或因工作上的失职而自愿或被“辞退”“辞去”了职务。(常与from连用)
He resigned from his job as a guard for he wasn't interested in it.
他因对警卫工作不感兴趣而辞职了。
②retire表示因年龄大或是身体不行，按国家有关规定“退休”，并享受规定补助。
He retired from the business when he was 60.
他60岁时退休了。
活学巧练：
He __________ his post because he had been offered a better job.
A．resigned B．retired
C．dismissed D．fired
答案与解析：A　句意：他辞去了他的工作因为他找到了更好的工作。resign“辞职”；retire“退休”；dismiss“免职，开除”；fire“解雇”。
After a number of disagreements with the committee, the chairman decided to_____ .
A. retire B. retreat
C. withdraw D. resign
【解析】选D。resign“辞职”符合题意。retire“退休”，指由于达到法定年龄而不再从事该工作。retreat“退却；撤退”，常用于部队、军队上的撤军；withdraw“收回；撤退”，常用于文件等方面。
4. contribution　 n．　[C]贡献，投稿；[U]捐献，捐助；捐献的物品(或钱)(回归课本P46)
精讲拓展：
①contribute vt.& vi.捐赠，贡献，有助于
②make contributions to (doing) sth.对(做)某事做出贡献
③contribute (sth.)to/towards sth.向……捐赠……，向……投稿
④contribute to sth.促成某事物
误区警示：contribute sth.to sth.指“向……捐赠/投稿”，而contribute to sth.指“促成……”，且to均为介词。
朗文在线：
①Day centres for the elderly make a valuable contribution to the overall service.
照顾老人的日托中心为整个服务事业作出了可贵的贡献。
②Various factors contributed to his downfall.
各种因素导致了他的倒台。
命题方向：make contributions to (doing) sth.及contribute to sth.是常考点。
活学巧练：
(2009·安徽安庆一中)Alcohol __________ 100,000 deaths a year in the US，according to a report.
A．relates to B．attends to
C．contributes to D．devotes to
答案与解析：C　contribute to“有助于，是……的原因”；relate to“与……有关”；attend to“照料”；devote to“致力于”。
即境活用
6．Some of the most important achievements in physics________their success to these mathematical systems.
A．oblige　　　　　　　　B．owe
C．contribute D．devote
解析：选B。oblige sb.to do sth.表示“强迫某人做某事”；owe...to...表示“把……归功于”；contribute...to...表示“把……贡献于……”；devote...to...表示“把……致力于……”。根据句意“一些最重要的物理方面的成就之所以获得成功应归功于这些数学体系。”可知应选B。
★7.We can see monuments here and there.Those who have made a great ________to human beings and society will never be forgotten.
A．advance B．progress
C．contribution D．achievement
解析：选C。考查词义辨析。achievement指“成就”；progress指“进步”；advance指“前进；进步”；这里make a contribution to表示“为……作出贡献”。本句意为“我们到处可见纪念碑，那些为人类和社会作出巨大贡献的人将永垂不朽。”所以选C。
5．condition n．条件，情形，环境，社会地位vt.以……为条件，使达到要求
精讲拓展：
①conditions n．(生活或工作的)条件；环境
②on condition (that)在……条件下，倘若
③on no condition一点也不，绝不
④make it a condition that...以……为条件
⑤be in good condition身体很好；完好无误
⑥be out of condition身体不适
⑦be in no condition to do(因病重、酒醉或烦乱而)不能做……
⑧under excellent/terrible conditions在好/糟的条件下
⑨condition sb.to do(通过影响或训练)使习惯/适应于做……
误区警示：condition表示“状况”时为不可数名词，而表示“条件”时是可数名词。
朗文在线：
①What sort of condition is your new house in
你的新房子目前是什么状况？
②Poor working conditions lead to demoralized and unproductive employees.
工作条件差导致雇员工作积极性不高，生产率低下。
③The animals were conditioned to expect food at the sound of the bell.
这些动物受训后一听见铃声就知道有食物可吃了。
④This shampoo conditions your hair as well as washing it.
这种洗发剂既可洗发又可护发。
词语辨析：condition, state与situation
三者都含有“情况”的意思。
①condition
a．[U]状况，状态 the condition of affairs事态
b．(常用复数形式)环境，情况，形势
in(under) favourable conditions在有利的形势下
c．条件 conditions of success成功的条件
②state是常用词，指“人或物存在或所处的状态”，但不着重于“这种状态和具体原因或条件的关系”。
He is in a good state.
他身体健康。
③situation指多种具体情况造成的综合状态，常着重这种状态的影响和处于该状态的事物的关系。
We are in a difficult situation.我们正处于困境。
命题方向：condition常与situation，state，position以词语辨析题的形式出现。
活学巧练：
Keep your car in good ________ and it'll drive long.
A．instruction B．position
C．condition D．situation
答案与解析：C　in good condition“状况良好，完好无损”，固定结构。
完成句子
①The country has been at war with（与……交战） its neighboring country for two years.
②People in the world don’t want to go to war（诉诸武力） to settle the international disputes.
6．in some ways在某些方面
In some ways，they are similar to each other；but there are some distinguishable differences between them.
在某些方面，他们是相似的，但是他们之间也有一些明显的差别。
精讲拓展：
①by the way顺便说一下
②by way of途径，取道，为了……目的
③in a way在某种程度上
④in any way在任何方面
⑤in the/one's way挡道，阻碍
⑥in no way决不
⑦in this/that way用这种/那种方法
⑧in the way of关于，有关
⑨the other way around相反，反过来
⑩on the way to在去……途中；即将；将要
(11)out of the way偏远；异常的
(12)under way已经开始进行了
(13)make one's way前进，向前走
(14)no way根本不，一点也不
(15)all the way一路上
误区警示：in this/that/the way作状语时，介词in可以省略。
朗文在线：
①In some ways，I'd rather he wasn't involved at all.
就某些方面而言，我宁愿他根本没有牵扯进去。
②In a way，it's kind of nice to be working alone.
从某种意义上讲，独自一个人干活相当不错。
活学巧练：
__________，her health has improved，but she is still not really well.
A．All the way B．In a way
C．In the way D．By the way
答案与解析：B　句意：在某种程度上，她的健康状况在改进，但是她仍然还没有完全好转。故用in a way。
7．bring up抚养；呕吐；提出；使……提高/升高
精讲拓展：
①bring about引起，导致，造成
②bring down降低；减少；打垮，击败
③bring forth生产；生(孩子)
④bring in获利
⑤bring off办成功
⑥bring on引起；导致，加速(农作物)生长
⑦bring out生产；制造
⑧bring through渡过困难(危机)
误区警示：bring up中的up为副词，其后跟的宾语如果是代词，应放在两词中间。
朗文在线：
①Why did you have to bring up the subject of money
你为什么非要提钱这个话题？
②He left her to bring up three young children on her own.他留下她独自抚养3个年幼的孩子。
③I was brought up a Lutheran.
我是在路德教的教育下长大的。
命题方向：bring up，bring about，bring down的辨析是各类考试中的重要考点。
活学巧练：汉译英
(1)在会上他提出一个新的设想。
_______________________________________________
(2)他是在乡下长大的。
_______________________________________
答案：(1)He brought up a new suggestion at the meeting.
(2)He was brought up in the countryside.
Once the poison is____, there is no further danger.
A. brought up B. brought in
C. brought back D. brought about
【解析】选A。句意为：一旦把毒药吐出，就不会有更多危险。bring up“吐出；养育”；bring in“引进”；bring back“归还”；bring about“引起；导致”。
即境活用
8．He was________by his aunt in a small mountain village.
A．grown up　　　　B．come up
C．brought up D．brought about
解析：选C。grow up和come up分别意为“长大”和“被提出来”，是不及物动词短语，都不能用于被动语态；bring about表示“引起；导致”；bring up 是及物动词短语，表示“抚养；养育”。本句意为“他由他的姑姑在一个小山村抚养长大。”
★9.His idea of having weekly family meals together，which seemed difficult at first，has ________many good changes in their lives.
A．got through　　　B．grew up
C．turned into D．brought about
解析：选D。get through表示“穿过；完成”；grow up 表示“长大”；turn into表示“变为”；bring about表示“引起；导致”。本句意为“他的每周进行家庭聚餐的主意，起初似乎很困难，但给他们的生活带来了一些好的变化。”
8．in conclusion总之；总而言之
①reach/ draw a conclusion得出结论；下结论
②come to/ arrive at a conclusion得出结论
③conclude v．结束；下结论；推断
④conclude that＝draw a conclusion that下结论
⑤to conclude总而言之，总之，最后
朗文在线：
①In conclusion, I think the best way to make a friend is to be one.
总之，我认为交朋友最好的办法是去做一个朋友。
②We came to the conclusion that the room must have been empty.
我们的结论是：那个房间当时一定是空的。
活学巧练：
________， I would like to wish you continued success in the future.
A. In contrast B. In conclusion
C. In common D. In principle
答案与解析：B　句意：总之，我真心祝愿你在将来继续成功。in conclusion总之，最后；in contrast与……相反；in common共同的，共有的；in principle原则上，大体上。
_____ , I’d like to say “thank you” to all of you who helped me. Which of the following is WRONG
A. In conclusion B. In the end
C. Lastly D. At the end
【解析】选D。前三项都为副词(短语)表示“最后”；at the end常和of连用，表示“在……的末尾，尾部”。
6. for the first time　第一次(在句中作时间状语)
(回归课本P49)With the Industrial Revolution，factories appeared and mass production became possible for the first time.
随着工业革命的发展，工厂出现了，产品的批量生产第一次成为可能。
归纳总结
the＋序数词＋time可作连词，引导一个状语从句。其重点不是强调某一次做了什么事，而是叙述某一动作或情况，即第几次做某事的时候。这时不能与for连用，并且time后不用when。
It is time for sb.to do sth.；It is (high) time that sb.did sth.,第二个句型用一般过去时表达虚拟语气，表示“是该某人做某事的时候了”。
例句探源
①They came to Beijing for the first time.
他们第一次来到北京。
②When I went to Shenzhen for the first time，it was not much bigger than a town.
我第一次去深圳的时候，深圳比一个城镇大不了多少。
③The first time I went abroad I could hardly understand what the foreigners said.
我第一次出国时几乎听不懂老外说些什么。
即境活用
★10.The little boy showed great interest________chemistry when he was doing it________the first time.
A．in；for　　　　　 B．on；for
C．in；on D．for；at
解析：选A。show interest in“对……感兴趣”；for the first time“第一次”。
11．完成句子
________________________，I knew that he was an honest man.我第一次见到他，我就知道他是个诚实的人。
答案：The first time I met him
句型巧析
1.【教材原句】　But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.(P43)
但那也是一个产生了许多哲学家的时期。
【句法分析】　本句中的a time表示“一段时间”，后面接定语从句时，常用when或“at/during等＋which”引导定语从句，译为“一个……的时期”。
There is/was a time when...有一段时间……
It (That)is/was the first(second，third...)time that...
这/那是第一次(第二次，第三次……)……
①It was a time when all the children were expected to study hard.那是一个人们都期望孩子们努力学习的时期。
②There are times when I wonder what you’re talking about.有几次我不知道你在说什么。
③Andrew’s been promoted？That’s the first time I’ve heard about it.安德鲁升职了？这事我头一次听到。
即境活用
12．There was ________time________I hated to go to school.
A．a；that　　　　　　　 B．a；when
C．the；that D．the；when
解析：选B。句意：有那么一段时间，我不想去上学。句型为There is/was a time when...，意思是“有那么一段时间……”，when引导定语从句，不能省略，也不能用that替换。
★13.完成句子
__________________________ we never needed to lock our house at night.
曾经有那么一段时间，我们晚上不必要锁门。
答案：There was a time when
The reason_____ Malcolm didn’t study art was_____ his father didn’t want him to.
［2010莆田模拟］
A. why; that B. why; because
C. for; because D. of; which
【解析】选A。考查the reason why. . . is that. . . 句式，其中why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句。句意为：Malcolm没有学习艺术的原因是他的父亲不让他学。
即境活用
★14.The reason ________I was late for the school was ________I was held up by traffic jam in the morning.
A．why；because　　　　　B．that；that
C．that；because D．why；that
解析：选D。the reason后跟定语从句时，用why引导，表语从句用that引导，构成“The reason why...is that...”句型。
15．(2010年高考上海卷)One reason for her preference for city life is ________she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
A．that B．how
C．what D．why
解析：选A。句意：她偏爱城市生活的原因之一是在城市里很容易找到像商店和餐馆一样的地方。考查名词性从句。系动词is之后是一表语从句，且从句的结构完整，不缺任何成分，所以用that引导。
9．They say that you need to be a bit mad to be an inventor.据说要想成为发明家，得需要一点疯狂和着迷。
主语＋v.＋that句型中，主语是“人”，谓语动词是表示人的思维的动词，通常有say, think, consider, hope, report...等，表示“某些人(认为/相信/希望)……”。
这个句型常可和以下两个句式互换：
①It is/ was＋p.p.＋that从句
②Sb./ Sth.＋be＋p.p.＋to do/ to have＋p.p.
朗文在线：
①People say that the tomb has been robbed.
＝It is said that the tomb has been robbed.
＝The tomb is said to have been robbed.
据说那个坟墓已经被盗过了。
②People hope that Chinese will land on the Mars one day.
＝It is hoped that Chinese will land on the Mars one day.
＝Chinese are hoped to land on the Mars one day.
人们希望有一天中国人会登上火星。
活学巧练：
The villagers thought Jack had been kidnapped.
＝________ that Jack had been kidnapped.
＝Jack was thought ________.
答案：It was thought; to have been kidnapped
If you do it_____ , you are sure to make rapid progress.
A. on the way B. by the way
C. in a way D. in this way
【解析】选D。in this way意为“以这种方法”，A项意为“在……途中”，B项意为“顺便说一下”，C项意为“在某种程度上”，故A、B、C项均不符合题意。本句意为“如果你用这种方法做的话，你肯定会取得很快的进步”。
10．定语从句
形容词性从句一般称为定语从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词的后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导；关系词充当从句的成分。
(1)引导定语从句的关系词
①关系代词起代词的作用，关系副词起副词的作用，因此同样的先行词，由于在从句中担任的逻辑作用不同，须用不同的关系词去代替它：
This is the place where he works.
(关系词作状语，＝in the place，要用where)
这是他工作的地方。
This is the place which we visited.
(关系词作宾语，＝the place，要用which)
这是我们参观过的地方。
②在口语或非正式场合中，that可代替关系副词：
This is the place that(＝where) he works.
③有时为了句子的平衡，较短的定语或较短的谓语动词插入定语从句与先行词之间，这叫做分隔定语从句：
I was the only person in my office who was invited.
我是我们办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。
④关系代词作从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词取得一致；先行词为一个句子时，从句谓语动词为第三人称单数形式：
Those who are going, come here.
要去的人到这儿来。
The exams were put off, which was exactly what we wanted.各门考试都推迟了，这正是我们希望的。
⑤关系代词或“介词＋关系代词”在从句中作定语时，被修饰词常需要提前：
There is a room, the window of which faces the river.
有一间房子，窗户朝着这条河。
(2)宜用that而不用which的情况
①先行词为all, much, little, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等不定式代词时：
I mean the one that was bought yesterday.
我指的是昨天买的那个。
②先行词被形容词最高级或被only, any, few, little, no, all, one of等修饰时：
It is the most important task that should be finished soon.
这是必须马上完成的最重要的任务。
③先行词为数词或被序数词(含last)修饰时：
Look at these flowers. You can see the two that you gave me.瞧这些花，你能看到你给我的那两朵。
④先行词中既有人又有物时：
We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.
我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下深刻的印象。
⑤先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时：
It's a book that will help you a lot.
这是本对你很有帮助的书。
My home town is no longer the place that it used to be.
我的故乡现在已不再是过去的那个面貌了。
(3)不宜用that的情况
①关系代词前有介词时：
This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.
这是鲁迅住过的房子。
②非限制性定语从句中：
He has a daughter, who works in a hospital.
他有个女儿，在医院工作。
③先行词本身是that：
The clock is that which tells the time.
钟表就是能够报时的计时器。
(4)“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在主句和从句之间；当先行词指人时，介词后的关系代词用whom，其余用which，这时的关系代词不能省略；有时为了使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，这时的which可用that替换。在介词放在从句有关动词的后面时，关系代词which, that, whom在口语中和非正式文体中经常省略。
This is the room in which he used to live.＝This is the room (which/that) he used to live in.
这是他过去居住过的房间。
Who's the man with whom you just shook hands？＝Who's the man (that/whom) you just shook hands with
刚才你与他握手的那个人是谁？
但含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。
This is the book (which/that) I'm looking for.
这就是我在找的那本书。
在这类定语从句中，介词的选择一般根据动词的需要(如上述几例)，或者根据先行词来决定。
There is a mountain of which the top is always covered with snow.有一座山顶总是覆盖着雪的山。
活学巧练：
(1)I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched，________ has a great effect on my life.
I still remember the days ________ I studied in the university, ________ influnce me a lot.
A．when；which B．that；which
C．which；that D．when；that
答案与解析：A　第一空引导词在定语从句中作状语，用when引导，第二空引导非限制性定语从句，用which。
(2)Madame Curie，________ life had once been very hard, was given two Nobel Prizes.
A．of whom B．for whom
C．for whose D．in whom
答案：B
(3)Humans are destroying nature day by day，________ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.
A．who B．when
C．on which D．which
答案：D
(4)Is this the reason ________ at the meeting for his carelessness in the work
A．he explained B．what he explained
C．how he explained D．why he explained
答案：A
(5)The gentleman __________ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
A．who B．about who
C．whom D．with whom
答案：A
2．A person ________ e－mail account is full won't be able to send or receive any e－mails.
A. who B. whom
C. whose D. whoever
答案与解析：C　考查限制性定语从句的用法。e－mail account前缺少定语，故用whose引导定语从句，相当于the e－mail account of whom。
考 题 演 练1.She brought with her three friends，none of ________ I had ever met before.
A. them B. who
C. whom D. these
答案与解析：C　本题考查定语从句的引导词。要求学生分清引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的用法。句意：她带来了她的三个朋友，以前我一个也没见过。本句中前句是一个完整的句子，但没用句号，用了逗号，并且中间也没有连词，所以后一个分句应是前一个分句的定语从句，又因of为介词，其后必须跟宾格，故选C项。
3．I have reached a point in my life ________ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
A. which B. where
C. how D. why
答案与解析：B　本题考查定语从句的关系词。当point, case, stage, situation等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，则用关系副词where来引导定语从句。
4．Try on this red skirt; you will look great ________ it.
A. on B. by
C. in D. for
答案与解析：C　本题考查介词的意义和用法，在日常学习中要注意积累，对一些固定搭配一定要牢记。句意：试试这条红裙子，你穿肯定很漂亮。如选A，应改为：The skirt looks great on you.。by为在……旁边；for为了，均不合题意。
5．It is reported that the police will soon ________ the case of the two missing children.
A. look upon B. look after
C. look into D. look out
答案与解析：C　本题考查动词短语词义辨析。做好此类题目的关键是平时的积累。句意：据报道警察很快将着手调查两个孩子失踪那个案件。look into意为“调查，检查”，符合句意。look upon意为“旁观”，look after意为“照顾，照料，管理”，look out意为“向外看”，均不合题意。
6．You'd better not leave the medicine ________ kids can get at it.
A. even if B. which
C. where D. so that
答案与解析：C　本题考查状语从句引导词的使用。句意：你最好不要把药放在孩子们能够到的地方。where在句中引导地点状语从句。
7．By nine o'clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, ________ appeared a rare rainbow soon.
A. of which B. on which
C. from which D. above which
答案与解析：D　本题考查介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句。解答此类题时，究竟选哪个介词，主要视从句的意义或搭配上的需要而定。考查介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句。which指代Mount Qomolangma, rainbow应在山峰的上空，故用介词above。
8．American Indians ________ about five percent of the U．S. population.
A. fill up B. bring up
C. make up D. set up
答案与解析：C　考查动词短语的用法。句意：美洲印第安人占美国人口的5%。A项为“填充”；B项为“培养，抚养”；C项为“占据”；D项为“建立”。
9．Running a company is not ________ a matter of hiring people—they also need to be trained.
A. simply B. partly
C. seriously D. equally
答案与解析：A　考查adv.的用法。句意：经营一家公司不仅仅是雇用工人的问题——他们也需要被培训。故选A项。
Module 5　
Great People and Great
Inventions of Ancient China
Ⅰ.根据句意，用所给单词或短语的适当形式填空
spread　be proud of　found　condition　up to　equal with　from...to...　influence　resign　stress
1．From 1830 to the early 20th century，the Industrial Revolution ________ through Europe and the US and then to other countries such as Japan.
答案：spread
2．The People's Republic of China was ________ on October 1,1949.
答案：founded
3．Their daughter whom they ________ has just gone abroad.
答案：are proud of
4．Under these ________we have to give up the plane.
答案：conditions
5．The news that he was accepted by Beijing University spread quickly ________village ________ village.
答案：from；to
6．At that time he was not an ________ government official.
答案：influential
7．He put forward much ________ on the importance of the question at the meeting.
答案：stress
8．Last year the president ________ because of his illness.
答案：resigned
9．It's ________ you to decide where we will go to spend the holidays.
答案：up to
10. In the eye of the law, everyone is ________ each other.
答案：equal with
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．All men are created __________.
A．equally　　　　　　　　B．equaling
C．equal D．equaled
答案与解析：C　本题考查equal的形容词用法。本句意为“众生平等”。句中的equal是形容词，作主语补足语。形容词用作补足语表示原因、时间、伴随情况或结果，来说明主语的情况。
2．In class our teacher asked us to recite the text __________.
A．from beginning to end
B．from the beginning to the end
C．from beginning till end
D．from the beginning till end
答案与解析：A　本题考查短语from...to...的用法。本句意为“在课上，我们英语老师让我们从头到尾把课文背下来”。from beginning to end为固定搭配，意为“从开头到结尾”。
3．In the future, more stress should be placed __________ the education of the young.
A．on B．to
C．for D．with
答案与解析：A　本题主要考查与stress搭配的介词。本句意为“将来，应该加强对青年的教育”。place/lay/put stress on sth.＝stress sth.“强调，重视”，是一个固定用法。
4．Can you find something __________ Mary and Jones
A．similar from B．similar between
C．similarity between D．differ between
答案与解析：B　本题考查形容词similar的用法。something有形容词修饰时，定语应该后置，A项的from不能搭配，D项是动词形式，应改为different between才正确。
5．The child __________ in the countryside knows how to __________ animals like dogs, pigs and so on.
A．brought up；raise B．fed；raise
C．raised; bring up D．fed up; bring up
答案与解析：A　第一个空brought up是过去分词作定语，意思是“被抚养成人”；“饲养动物”用raise animals。
6．The players of the basketball team are __________：John，Dick, Miller，Jordan，and so on.
A．like follows B．as following
C．like that D．as follows
答案与解析：D　本题考查固定短语as follows的用法。本句意为“篮球队队员的名单如下，约翰，狄克，米勒，乔丹等等”。as follows意为“如下”，用来列举事物。
7．He had to __________ his position as manager of the company owing to his illness.
A．sign B．design
C．resign D．apply
答案与解析：C　本题考查动词的易混辨析。本句意为“由于健康的原因，他不得不辞去公司经理的职务”。resign意为“辞去，辞职”；design意为“设计”；sign意为“签名；做标记”；apply意为“要求；申请”。
8．I'm sure your suggestions will __________ the problem.
A．contribute to solving
B. contribute to solve
C．be contributed to solve
D. be contributed to solving
答案与解析：A　本题考查动词contribute的用法。本句意为“我相信你的建议有助于这个问题的解决”。contribute to的意思是“有助于，促成”，在这个短语中to为介词，后要接名词或动词的－ing形式。
9．Charles Babbage is generally considered __________ the first computer.
A．to invent B．to have made
C．to have invented D．having discovered
答案与解析：C　本题考查动词invent的非谓语形式的用法，以及三个动词的词义区别。因为“发明”先于谓语动词“认为”，故要用完成时，选C项，排除A项；另外，make意为“制造”；discover意为“发现”，不符合题目语境。另外，这里不能用现在分词形式。
10．The patient isn't out of danger. He is __________ than he was yesterday.
A．no better B．worst
C．not worse D．not more
答案与解析：A　本题考查“no＋比较级＋than”句型。本句意为“这个病人还没有脱离危险。现在比昨天好不了多少”。“no＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than”这一结构在表示比较时，实际上是对前后都加以否定。
11．What a wonder! They have finished __________ 30 percent of the task within one week.
A．no more than B．no less than
C．not more than D．much less than
答案与解析：B　本题考查短语辨析。本句意为“简直是一个奇迹！他们竟然在一个星期之内完成了不少于百分之三十的任务”。no less than意为“不亚于；不少于”；no more than意为“只不过；并不比……多”；not more than意为“不如……多”；much less than意为“比……少得多”。
12．—When does the next train leave
—You ________ one by five minutes. Trains ________ every half an hour, so you'll have to wait for a while.
A．have just missed; will leave
B．are just missing; leave
C．are just missing; will leave
D．have just missed; leave
答案与解析：D　此题考查时态运用。第一空表示你刚错过了一班车；第二空说明火车的时刻安排，用一般现在时。
13．I thought her nice and honest __________ I met her.
A．first time B．for the first time
C．the first time D．by the first time
答案与解析：C　本题考查单词time的相关短语的用法。根据句子的结构，句中空白处需要一个连词，选项中只有the first time有此用法。本句意为“第一次我遇见她的时候，我就认为她很诚实”。
14．You may borrow the book，__________ you don't lend it to anyone else.
A．in good condition B．on no condition
C．on condition that D．in no condition
答案与解析：C　本题考查condition的用法。on condition that意为“在……条件下”，相当于一个连词，表示条件。本句意为“你可以借这本书，但是条件是你不能借给其他人”。in good condition意为“状态良好，身体健康”；on no condition 意为“决不”。
15．The reason ________ he was late for the meeting was ________ he was held up by traffic jam during rush hours.
A．why; because B．that; that
C．why; that D．that; because
答案与解析：C　句意为：他开会迟到的原因是他在上班高峰期时遇上了交通堵塞。the reason之后的从句中不缺少主语、宾语，根据句意可知reason在从句中作状语，故用关系副词why引导；表语从句是用来解释说明主语的具体内容的，要用that引导，故选C项。
Ⅲ.翻译/完成句子
1．王女士辞去了秘书职务。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Miss Wang resigned her position as a secretary.
2．每个人都应该受到公平对待。
_______________________________________________
答案：Everyone should be treated with justice.
3．We follow the principle that all men are innocent until they are proved guilty.
_______________________________________________
答案：我们遵循任何人在被证明有罪之前都是无罪的原则。
4．In conclusion，I would like to wish you continued success in the future.
_______________________________________________
答案：最后祝你百尺竿头更进一步。
5．这些新闻记者声称他们正被剥夺自由表达的权利。
The journalists claimed they were being denied the right to __________ __________ expression.
答案：freedom of
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
An entirely new camera has come out, the first of its kind: a time machine.
Now, the Exilim EX－F 1 is not a time machine in the H．G. Wells' sense. You can't climb inside and travel back to primary school and undo every silly mistake you've ever made. But for a digital camera, the F1 comes pretty close. It does let you freeze time, slow time down and even capture photos of sudden events that you've already missed.
How is this possible Because the F1 is the world's fastest camera. A typical shirt－pocket camera can take one to three photos a second. But this camera can take—are you ready for this —60 photos a second. After such a burst, you can delete all 60, or review them and choose the individual frames worth keeping.
The F l's second trick is photographing a moment after the fact. In pre－record mode, you half－press the shutter (快门) button when you're awaiting an event that's unpredictable. The camera silently, repeatedly records 60 shots a second, immediately deleting the old to make room for the new, when you finally press the shutter button fully, the camera simply preserves the most recent shots, thus effectively photographing an event that you missed.
Unfortunately, this highly unusual, experimental piece of equipment includes some disadvantages, such as poor light sensitivity, slow start－up and so on, but no camera has ever offered anything like it.
1. According to the passage, we can know that the new camera ________.
A. can be used as a time machine
B. can only store 60 photos
C. can take a photo for a person after him leaving
D. has the same disadvantages as common camera
答案与解析：D　推理判断题。文章最后一段说到它有一些缺点，但no carmera has ever offered anything like it，这说明其他相机也有这样的相似缺点。
2. The attitude of the author towards the new camera is (that) ________.
A. he thinks it unbelievable
B. not clear
C. he thinks highly of it
D. acceptable
答案与解析：C　推理判断题。从作者行文来看，他对这款相机很喜欢，称他是时间机器。所以选C项。
3. Which of the words can replace the underlined word in the fourth paragraph
A. Keeps. B. Stops.
C. Deletes. D. Photos.
答案与解析：A　词义猜测题。前文说到它每秒可以拍60张，边拍边删，最后按下快门后保留最后的60张，所以应该是“保留”的意思。
4. What is the purpose of the author writing the passage
A. To sell more cameras.
B. To introduce a new camera.
C. To show the advantages of the camera.
D. To advertise his new camera.
答案与解析：B　主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，目的只是介绍，不是在做广告，也不只是谈了相机的优点。所以选B项。
B
EcoLean, a Swedish firm, has developed a new packaging material. As we know, common materials take a great deal of energy to produce. The new material is made up mostly of a natural material and, when exposed to the sunlight, disappears in a matter of hours.
The brain behind EcoLean is chemist Ake Rosen. Ever since the 1980's, Rosen had been dreaming of making a mixed material that would have the durability(耐用), light weight and cheapness of ordinary plastic. The world, however, was not ready for it, or so he thought. Then in 1996, Rosen left his job to form EcoLean, his own start－up, where he could pursue his dream packaging material full time. He first considered starch as the basic material, but it biodegraded(分解) too quickly.
He also tried talc. Then he tried one of the world's most common materials, chalk.
After experimenting many times, Rosen discovered a LeanMaterial that consists of up to 70 percent chalk and 30 percent polyolefin.
LeanMaterial looks and feels like common plastic, but it isn't. For environmentalists, the material has numerous benefits though it consists in part of plastic. It can easily degrade_into carbon and oxygen.
But LeanMaterial is amazingly unusual when it is ready for the garbage. Bottles, yogurt tubs or candy wrappers made of LeanMaterial would all be degradable. Leave them sitting on the picnic table and in a month or two, sunlight will have reduced them to sand. Or, once burnt, the resulting ash will be rich in carbonates, good for making the soil less acidic(酸性). Also, the material has no “memory”. Step on a LeanMaterial bottle and it stays crushed, taking up less space in landfill.
5．The following statements about the things Ake Rosen did in the 1990s are TRUE except ________.
A．he quit his job
B．he formed his own firm
C．he started to pursue his dream whole－heartedly
D．he left EcoLean
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中间的“Then in 1996, Rosen left his job to form EcoLean, his own start－up, where he could pursue his dream packaging material full time”可以得出答案为D项。
6．From the passage, we can infer that LeanMaterial ________.
A．is just like common plastic
B．can never take the place of ordinary packaging
C．will be used widely in the future
D．has countless disadvantages
答案与解析：C　推理判断题。本文主要介绍了Lean Material的各种优点，由此我们可以推断Lean Material在将来会被广泛应用。
7．Compared with common plastic, LeanMaterial ________.
A．can last longer
B．takes up more space
C．is less expensive
D．is more environment－caring
答案与解析：D　根据文章最后一段可知，这种新材料可降解、可以改良土壤、占用空间少，总之很环保，所以答案选D项。
8．The underlined phrase “degrade into” means ________.
A．break down into
B．turn out into
C．make into
D．fall into
答案与解析：A　词义猜测题。句中的it是指这种新材料，碳和氧是构成这种材料的基本元素，由此可以推知degrade into的含义为“分解成”。故选A项。
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. He is a very influential (有影响的)man in the government.
2. He resigned (辞职)from the company in order to take a more challenging job.
3. He often stresses (强调)the importance of information technology.
4. Mr. Smith used to serve as a special adviser (顾问)to the President.
5. Let me have a look at the fuel (燃料)bills.
6. A decision was finally made after a heated argument (争论；辩论）.
7. He has made an important contribution (贡献)to the company’s success.
8. Can you tell me who invented (发明)the telephone
9. I will let you go only on one condition (条件).
10. We should follow the principle (原则)of seeking truth.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. 他向那家工厂订购了很多鞋子。
He placed an order for many shoes with that factory.
2. 这件事对我们极为重要。
The matter is of great importance/very important to us.
3. 老师告诉我们锻炼有助于身体健康。
Our teacher tells us that exercise contributes to good health.
4. 你只有在不许远离河岸的条件下才能去游泳。
You can go swimming on condition that you don’t go too far from the river bank.
5. 国王命令必须把这个人投入监狱。
The King ordered that the man (should) be put in prison.
6. 他迟到的原因是他误了班车。
The reason why he was late was that he missed the bus.
Ⅲ. 单项填空
1. When it comes to_____ mathematics, I am completely at_____ sea.
A. /；/ B. the；/
C. the；the D. /；a
【解析】选A。句意为：当谈到数学时，我茫然不知所措。学科前不加冠词；at sea“茫然不知所措”，为固定搭配。
2. In my opinion, no search engine can_____ Baidu in search scope and speed.
A. compete B. equal C. win D. suit
【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。compete与……竞争，强调动作；equal在（大小、数量、程度上）等于；win赢得（比赛、奖品等）；suit适合。句意：在我看来，没有什么搜索引擎能在规模和速度方面比得上百度。故选B。
3. We’ve always wanted a house in the country, but we_____ about where it should be.
A. argued B. are arguing
C. will argue D. had argued
【解析】选B。考查时态。句意为：我们一直想在乡下买座房子，但我们一直为在哪里购置而争论不休。由前句时态推出应用与现在有关的时态，故排除A、D两项，由句意可知动作还在进行，故选B。
4. His order was that I_____ next day.
A. returned B. return
C. was to return D. would return
【解析】选B。句意：他的命令是让我第二天回来。在suggestion, proposal, order, demand, desire, idea, request, advice等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语要用“（should）+动词原形”。本句中that引导的是表语从句，说明order的具体内容，并且表语从句中省略了should。
5. In the future, more stress should be placed _____ the education of the young.
A. on B. to C. for D. with
【解析】选A。place stress on意为“把重点放在……之上”。句意：未来应该把更多的工作重点放在对年轻人的教育上。其他三项搭配都不对。
6. Everyone present at the meeting agreed to stick to the _______that everyone should be treated fairly.
A. purpose B. ambition
C. principle D. level
【解析】选C。考查名词辨析。句意为：在场的每个人一致同意这个原则：人人都要得到公平对待。purpose目的；ambition抱负，雄心；level水平；principle原则，符合句意，故选C。
7. Nearly all educators believe that a challenging situation can often ________the best qualities of a person.
［2010哈尔滨模拟］
A. bring up B. bring about
C. bring forward D. bring out
【解析】选D。考查bring动词短语。bring up“抚养；提出；呕吐”，bring about“带来”，bring forward“提出”，bring out“使显现；生产”。句意：几乎所有的教育者相信挑战性的局面经常使一个人最优秀的品质显现出来。
Linda’s parents died when she was a baby and was ________ by her aunt.
A. brought about B. brought up
C. brought back D. brought in
【解析】选B。bring up“养育；抚养”；bring about“引起；导致”；bring back“归还；使记起”；bring in“引进”。
8. I met him, he was working as a secretary in a big company.
［2010鞍山模拟］
A. For the first time B. The first time
C. The first time when D. When the first time
【解析】选B。the first time可以引导时间状语从句，表示“第一次做……的时候”，相当于when. . . for the first time。此处the first time I met him=when I met him for the first time。类似的短语还有every/each time“每次……的时候”，next/last time “下次/上次……的时候”。
9. President Obama declared America was not and never would be _____ war _____ Islam.
A. on; in B. at; in
C. with; at D. at; with
【解析】选D。be at war with与……交战，为固定搭配。句意为：奥巴马总统声明美国在过去以及将来都决不会跟穆斯林国家发动战争。
10. Eating too much fat can_____ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
A. result from B. contribute to
C. attend to D. devote to
【解析】选B。contribute to此处意为“引起；导致”。若选A应为result in; attend to“注意；接待”；devote. . . to“致力于；专心于”，devote为及物动词。
11. All men are created_____ , so men and women should enjoy the_____ work and pay.
A. fair; same B. similarly; fair
C. equal; equal D. fairly; equal
【解析】选C。句意为：所有人生来就是平等的，所以男女应同工同酬。equal在此句中都表示“平等”之意，第一个equal在句中作主语补足语，第二个equal在句中作定语。
12. Some of you have finished Book One.______ , you can go on with Book Two.
［2010长沙模拟］
A. If you may B. If you do
C. If not D. If so
【解析】选D。句意为：你们一些人已完成了第一册，如果这样的话，可继续第二册。if so“如果这样的话”符合题意。
—I heard Alice was badly injured in the accident and sent to hospital.
—______, we should go and see her immediately.
A. If so B. When necessary
C. On condition that D. Believe it or not
【解析】选A。句意：——我听说艾丽斯在事故中受了重伤被送进了医院。——如果这样的话，我们应该立即去看她。if so“如果这样的话”符合题意。
13. ______ ，I would like to say I have enjoyed myself today.
A. Support the conclusion
B. Draw a conclusion
C. Jump to conclusions
D. In conclusion
【解析】选D。in conclusion“总之，最后”，是对前面所说内容的总结。
14. —May I take your order now
—_____.
A. Yes, I’d like a dish of fish
B. No, my affairs are in order
C. Yes, we must obey orders
D. No, it isn’t my order
【解析】选A。问句句意为：请问你现在点菜吗？take one’s order用于餐馆中询问顾客想点什么菜的一个常用语。故选A作为答语。
15. —How can I get out of the hotel
—Please walk by _______ you entered.
A. the way B. in the way that
C. the way which D. the way what
【解析】选A。the way作先行词时，后面的连接词可以是that或in which, 排除C、D两项；B项前有介词in与空白前的by冲突，故选A。
I don’t like ________you speak to her.
［2010新泰模拟］
A. the way B. the way in that
C. the way which D. the way of which
【解析】选A。句意为：我不喜欢你给她说话的方式。the way作先行词时，后面的连接词可用that, in which或不填，故选A。
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
(A)
Scotland’s first Confucius classroom
was officially opened recently. So there
will be more school pupils in Edinburgh
to be taught Chinese language and culture.
The Confucius classroom Hub for the City of Edinburgh at St George’s school was opened by the Lord Provost George Grubb and will be used as a resource center for pupils studying Mandarin and Chinese culture.
When opening the classroom, the Lord Provost said, “Learning about Chinese culture is very important for young people today to understand the links between their lives and the lives of others throughout the world. ”
Marilyne MacLaren, one of the officials said, “This is a very exciting new project which has been initiated (倡议) by the Administration in Edinburgh. This partnership will provide a fantastic opportunity for more school pupils in Edinburgh to learn Mandarin, which is fast becoming an internationally spoken language. ”
“It is essential that young people growing up in the 21st century today be educated about other major players in the world affairs, ” said the councilor.
St George’s school Head Teacher Judith McCure said, “We are delighted to be working in partnership with other Edinburgh schools on this extremely important initiative（提议）. International education is vital for today’s global economy and the Confucius classroom will give pupils the opportunity to work together to experience the rich possibilities of Chinese language and culture. It will be a lively place for learning and interaction and will allow teachers to share resources and practice together. ”
The first schools to benefit from this will be St George’s and six other secondary schools.
The Confucius classroom is funded by the Chinese government and will also be supported by the network of Confucius Classroom Hub in Scotland where eight Confucius classrooms have been planned to be set up.
1. Which of the statements is true EXCEPT_________.
A. the first Confucius classroom opened in Scotland was funded by the Chinese government
B. the opening of the Confucius schools offers an opportunity for school pupils to learn the Chinese language and culture
C. International education is very important for the development of global economy
D. the first Confucius schools opened in Scotland will benefit six middle schools including St George’s
【解析】选D。考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“第一批受益的学校是圣·乔治中学和另外六所中学”，因此D项表述不正确，符合题意。根据最后一段，孔子课堂是由中国政府资助的，所以A项表述正确；根据第一段、第二段和第六段可知，孔子学校的开办给学生一个学习汉语和了解中国文化的机会，因此B项正确；根据倒数第三段，国际教育对于全球经济很重要，所以C项表述正确。
2. What does the councilor mean by mentioning “other major players” in the fifth paragraph
A. athletes in sports competitions.
B. persons who do nothing but play.
C. the countries which play important parts in international affairs.
D. people who act in plays.
【解析】选C。考查词义推测。本文主要讲在苏格兰开办的孔子课堂会帮助英国的学生了解中国语言和文化，也就是要了解中国。根据第五段中的world affairs可以推断出，major players应该指的是包括中国在内的在国际事务中起重要作用的国家。所以选C项。
3. According to Judith McCure, the opening of the Confucius classroom will ________.
A. let British students work together to experience Chinese language and culture
B. be not connected with global economy
C. promote the co-operation between Chinese schools and Edinburgh schools
D. benefit both teachers and students by allowing them to share resources and practice together
【解析】选D。考查推理判断。根据第六段最后两句，可以知道孔子课堂的开办给老师和学生机会合作与共享，因此对他们都有益，因此D项正确。
（B）
［原创预测题］
The achievements of China’s space
technology would have been unthinkable
without the contribution of Qian Xuesen,
a key leader of the New China’s nuclear,
missile(导弹) and space programs. Sadly, this pioneering scientist and patriot(爱国者) passed away in Beijing on October 31, 2009, at the age of 98.
Luan Enjie, head of China’s lunar(月球的) program once called Qian “the father of our space industry”.
Qian began working on China’s missile and space technology in 1956, when the technology was almost non-existent.
When asked by General Chen Geng whether Chinese could develop their own missiles, Qian said Chinese could do anything that foreigners could do.
His research helped lead to the explosion of China’s first atomic bomb(原子弹) in 1964, as well as to its first man-made satellite(卫星) in 1970 and its first manned spacecraft in 2003.
Qian was born in Shanghai. He graduated from Shanghai Jiaotong University in 1934. Then he studied in the US at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and later at the California Institute of Technology.
During World WarⅡ(1939~1945), Qian’s research contributed to the development of rocket technology that the US military(军方) began using in the 1940s.
But in 1950, Qian became a target of anti-communist(反共的) investigations in the US. He was prevented from leaving the country because it was decided that he knew too much about sensitive military matters. For the following five years, Qian was mostly stopped from leaving his home. In 1955, Qian returned to China with the help of Premier Zhou Enlai.
“It was the stupidest thing this country ever did, ” said Dan Kimball, a former US Navy secretary. “This man is the equal of five divisions(师) in any country. I would have him shot rather than release him to China. ”
Qian remained an enthusiastic follower of China’s progress in scientific research even after he retired at 80.
4. Which would be the best title for the passage
A. Qian Xuesen’s whole life
B. A man who is the equal of five divisions
C. Death of a hero
D. China’s great achievements in space technology
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。文章主要报导了为中国航天事业作出卓越贡献的“航天之父”钱学森与世长辞的消息及钱老的生平事迹，故用“英雄离世”做题目，符合文章大意且显得醒目。A项做题目显得平淡；B项“一个抵得上五个师的人”未突出钱老去世这一事件；D项内容过大，中心偏移。
5. The underlined phrase in Para. 1 can NOT be replaced by_____.
A. rested in peace B. went to heaven
C. took his last sleep D. settled down
【解析】选D。词义猜测题。pass away是“去世”的委婉表达，Ａ、B、C三项均为此意；D项意为“安顿，定居”。
6. From the passage we can know Qian graduated from Shanghai Jiaotong University when he was_____.
A. 23 B. 26 C. 34 D. 32
【解析】选A。推理判断题。由第一段最后一句知：钱老出生于1911年（2009－98=1911）；第六段告诉我们钱老于1934年毕业，故毕业时应为1934－1911=23（岁）。
7. We can infer from what Dan Kimball said in Para.9 that_____.
A. Qian has a gift for military
B. Dan Kimball hates Qian
C. Qian is good at space technology
D. Qian knows much about sensitive military matters
【解析】选D。推理判断题。由第九段Dan Kimball的话及第八段内容知，钱老对当时的敏感军事事件（如火箭、导弹等）知道太多，故说他“可抵得上五个师”。C项中提及的太空科技在当时还未产生。
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. He is a very influential (有影响的)man in the government.
2. He resigned (辞职)from the company in order to take a more challenging job.
3. He often stresses (强调)the importance of information technology.
4. Mr. Smith used to serve as a special adviser (顾问)to the President.
5. Let me have a look at the fuel (燃料)bills.
6. A decision was finally made after a heated argument (争论；辩论）.
7. He has made an important contribution (贡献)to the company’s success.
8. Can you tell me who invented (发明)the telephone
9. I will let you go only on one condition (条件).
10. We should follow the principle (原则)of seeking truth.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. 他向那家工厂订购了很多鞋子。
He placed an order for many shoes with that factory.
2. 这件事对我们极为重要。
The matter is of great importance/very important to us.
3. 老师告诉我们锻炼有助于身体健康。
Our teacher tells us that exercise contributes to good health.
4. 你只有在不许远离河岸的条件下才能去游泳。
You can go swimming on condition that you don’t go too far from the river bank.
5. 国王命令必须把这个人投入监狱。
The King ordered that the man (should) be put in prison.
6. 他迟到的原因是他误了班车。
The reason why he was late was that he missed the bus.
Ⅲ. 单项填空
1. When it comes to _____ mathematics, I am completely at _____ sea.
A. /；/ B. the；/
C. the；the D. /；a
【解析】选A。句意为：当谈到数学时，我茫然不知所措。学科前不加冠词；at sea“茫然不知所措”，为固定搭配。
2. In my opinion, no search engine can _____ Baidu in search scope and speed.
A. compete B. equal C. win D. suit
【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。compete与……竞争，强调动作；equal在（大小、数量、程度上）等于；win赢得（比赛、奖品等）；suit适合。句意：在我看来，没有什么搜索引擎能在规模和速度方面比得上百度。故选B。
3. We’ve always wanted a house in the country, but we _____ about where it should be.
A. argued B. are arguing
C. will argue D. had argued
【解析】选B。考查时态。句意为：我们一直想在乡下买座房子，但我们一直为在哪里购置而争论不休。由前句时态推出应用与现在有关的时态，故排除A、D两项，由句意可知动作还在进行，故选B。
4. His order was that I _____ next day.
A. returned B. return
C. was to return D. would return
【解析】选B。句意：他的命令是让我第二天回来。在suggestion, proposal, order, demand, desire, idea, request, advice等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语要用“（should）+动词原形”。本句中that引导的是表语从句，说明order的具体内容，并且表语从句中省略了should。
5. In the future, more stress should be placed _____ the education of the young.
A. on B. to C. for D. with
【解析】选A。place stress on意为“把重点放在……之上”。句意：未来应该把更多的工作重点放在对年轻人的教育上。其他三项搭配都不对。
6. Everyone present at the meeting agreed to stick to the _____ that everyone should be treated fairly.
A. purpose B. ambition
C. principle D. level
【解析】选C。考查名词辨析。句意为：在场的每个人一致同意这个原则：人人都要得到公平对待。purpose目的；ambition抱负，雄心；level水平；principle原则，符合句意，故选C。
7. To _____ good relationship with your teachers and classmates, you should learn to be on good terms with them.
［2010杭州模拟］
A. bring up B. add up
C. keep up D. take up
【解析】选C。句意为：为了与你的老师和同学保持良好的关系，你应学会与他们交往。keep up“保持”；bring up“养育”；add up“加起来”；take up“占据”。
Linda’s parents died when she was a baby and was _____ by her aunt.
A. brought about B. brought up
C. brought back D. brought in
【解析】选B。bring up“养育；抚养”；bring about“引起；导致”；bring back“归还；使记起”；bring in“引进”。
8. Recently, people created _____ Chinese phrase “beijiuye”, which has become popular on _____ Internet almost overnight across China.
A. the; the B. the; a
C. a; the D. a; /
【解析】选C。句意为：最近人们创造了一个汉语词语“被就业”，这个词几乎一夜之间在全国的因特网上就流行起来。第一个空用不定冠词a，表示“一”的概念；Internet前用the，为固定表达。
9. President Obama declared America was not and never would be _____ war _____ Islam.
A. on; in B. at; in
C. with; at D. at; with
【解析】选D。be at war with与……交战，为固定搭配。句意为：奥巴马总统声明美国在过去以及将来都决不会跟穆斯林国家发动战争。
10. Eating too much fat can _____ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
A. result from B. contribute to
C. attend to D. devote to
【解析】选B。contribute to此处意为“引起；导致”。若选A应为result in; attend to“注意；接待”；devote. . . to“致力于；专心于”，devote为及物动词。
11. All men are created _____ , so men and women should enjoy the _____ work and pay.
A. fair; same B. similarly; fair
C. equal; equal D. fairly; equal
【解析】选C。句意为：所有人生来就是平等的，所以男女应同工同酬。equal在此句中都表示“平等”之意，第一个equal在句中作主语补足语，第二个equal在句中作定语。
12. Some of you have finished Book One. _____ , you can go on with Book Two.
A. If you may B. If you do
C. If not D. If so
【解析】选D。句意为：你们一些人已完成了第一册，如果这样的话，可继续第二册。if so“如果这样的话”符合题意。
—I heard Alice was badly injured in the accident and sent to hospital.
— _____ , we should go and see her immediately.
A. If so B. When necessary
C. On condition that D. Believe it or not
【解析】选A。句意：——我听说艾丽斯在事故中受了重伤被送进了医院。——如果这样的话，我们应该立即去看她。if so“如果这样的话”符合题意。
13. _____ ，I would like to say I have enjoyed myself today.
A. Support the conclusion
B. Draw a conclusion
C. Jump to conclusions
D. In conclusion
【解析】选D。in conclusion“总之，最后”，是对前面所说内容的总结。
14. —May I take your order now
— _____ .
A. Yes, I’d like a dish of fish
B. No, my affairs are in order
C. Yes, we must obey orders
D. No, it isn’t my order
【解析】选A。问句句意为：请问你现在点菜吗？take one’s order用于餐馆中询问顾客想点什么菜的一个常用语。故选A作为答语。
15. This is a reading room，boy. You must act in a way ______ won’t disturb others.
［2010临汾模拟］
A. in which B. it C. which D. as
【解析】选A。a way作先行词，其后面定语从句引导词应为in which，that或什么也不填。句意为：这是阅览室，孩子，你必须以不打扰别人的方式行事。
I don’t like _____ you speak to her.
［2010新泰模拟］
A. the way B. the way in that
C. the way which D. the way of which
【解析】选A。句意为：我不喜欢你给她说话的方式。the way作先行词时，后面的连接词可用that, in which或不填，故选A。
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
(A)
［原创预测题］
The achievements of China’s space
technology would have been unthinkable
without the contribution of Qian Xuesen,
a key leader of the New China’s nuclear,
missile(导弹) and space programs. Sadly, this pioneering
scientist and patriot(爱国者) passed away in Beijing on October 31, 2009, at the age of 98.
Luan Enjie, head of China’s lunar(月球的) program once called Qian “the father of our space industry”.
Qian began working on China’s missile and space technology in 1956, when the technology was almost non-existent.
When asked by General Chen Geng whether Chinese could develop their own missiles, Qian said Chinese could do anything that foreigners could do.
His research helped lead to the explosion of China’s first atomic bomb(原子弹) in 1964, as well as to its first man-made satellite(卫星) in 1970 and its first manned spacecraft in 2003.
Qian was born in Shanghai. He graduated from Shanghai Jiaotong University in 1934. Then he studied in the US at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and later at the California Institute of Technology.
During World WarⅡ(1939～1945), Qian’s research contributed to the development of rocket technology that the US military(军方) began using in the 1940s.
But in 1950, Qian became a target of anti-communist(反共的) investigations in the US. He was prevented from leaving the country because it was decided that he knew too much about sensitive military matters. For the following five years, Qian was mostly stopped from leaving his home. In 1955, Qian returned to China with the help of Premier Zhou Enlai.
“It was the stupidest thing this country ever did, ” said Dan Kimball, a former US Navy secretary. “This man is the equal of five divisions(师) in any country. I would have him shot rather than release him to China. ”
Qian remained an enthusiastic follower of China’s progress in scientific research even after he retired at 80.
1. Which would be the best title for the passage
A. Qian Xuesen’s whole life
B. A man who is the equal of five divisions
C. Death of a hero
D. China’s great achievements in space technology
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。文章主要报导了为中国航天事业作出卓越贡献的“航天之父”钱学森与世长辞的消息及钱老的生平事迹，故用“英雄离世”做题目，符合文章大意且显得醒目。A项做题目显得平淡；B项“一个抵得上五个师的人”未突出钱老去世这一事件；D项内容过大，中心偏移。
2. The underlined phrase in Para. 1 can NOT be replaced by _____ .
A. rested in peace B. went to heaven
C. took his last sleep