Unit 1 Making friends 语法讲义（含答案)

暑期-初一英语同步
1.掌握特殊疑问词的用法；
2.掌握冠词用法。
You
have
an
apple
,and
you
want
to
share
the
apple
you
have
.
Your
friend
ask
you
some
questions
,how
does
the
apple
taste
,when
did
you
buy
it
,and
why
Ⅰ.特殊疑问词及其释义
特殊疑问词
疑问代词
疑问副词
疑问形容词
What什么
When（什么时候）
What
+名词
Who谁（主语）
Where（哪里）
Whose+名词
Whom谁（宾语）
Why（为什么）
Which+名词
Whose（谁的）
How（如何，怎样）
Which（哪一个）
Ⅱ.特殊疑问句类型
what’s
your
name？
你的名字是什么？
7.Why
were
you
late
again?
你为什么又迟到了？
Who
are
you
?
你是谁？
8.How
do
you
go
to
school?
你怎样去学校？
Whose
father
works
in
Beijing?
谁的爸爸在北京工作？
What
time
shall
we
meet?
我们几点见面？
4.Which
is
your
sister
of
the
two
girls?那两个女孩谁是你姐姐？
10.When
shall
we
meet?
我们什么时候见面？
When
did
you
arrive
here?
你什么时候到这里的？
：How
tall
are
you?
你多高？
Where
were
you
last
night?
你昨晚在哪儿？
定义：用疑问词引导的疑问句称为特殊疑问句。
特殊疑问句=疑问词+一般疑问句
Eg：What
is
your
favourit
food?
Why
do
you
come
here?
一般疑问句：它是能用Yes，No
来回答，那么特殊疑问句则是要回答具体内容。
Eg：Is
his
brother
a
doctor?
Do
you
like
English?
一.特殊疑问词用法
1.疑问词who——对“人”提问
(1)对主语（人）提问
The
boy
is
running
now.
________is
running
now?
对表语（人）提问
He
is
Lily’s
father.
_______
is
he?
对介词宾语（人）提问
She
is
looking
for
the
little
boy.
_______
is
she
looking
for?
注：
1.look是不及物动词，因此变疑问句时不可省略介词for
2.对主语提问，选用who，后面保持不变。
(4)对动词宾语（人）提问
I
often
help
Wei
Hua.
_______do
you
often
help?
(5)对间接宾语（人）提问
Kate
lent
Tom
a
ball
yesterday.________did
Kate
lend
a
ball
yesterday?
Who与Whom的区分：who做宾语时，可用whom代替
,即who可做主语，表语，
宾语，whom只可做宾语，聪明的你想一想上列哪些可
以用whom？
Key：Who；3、4、5可以用whom替换
2.疑问词what——对“物”提问
(1)对主语（物）提问
The
books
are
on
the
desk.
_______are
on
the
desk?
对表语（物）提问
These
are
boats.
_______are
these?
It’s
a
car
in
English._______is
it
in
English?
对动词宾语（物）提问
I
want
a
cup
of
tea.
______do
you
want?
对介词宾语（物）提问
He
is
looking
for
his
pen.
_______is
he
looking
for?
对直接宾语（物）提问
He
gave
me
a
nice
present._______did
he
give
you?
Key：What
3.疑问词what+名词，对年级,班，排，学号，车号，星期等提问
（1）对年级
I
am
in
Grade
three.--
grade
are
you
in
?
对班级
Tom
is
in
Class
One._______class
is
Tom
in?
对排序
Tom
sits
in
Row
One.
______row
does
Tom
sit
in?
对学号
Lucy
is
Number
Six._______number
is
Lucy?=_______is
Lucy’s
number?
对车号
He
takes
No.8
bus
every
day._______bus
does
he
take
every
day?
对星期，日期
It's
Sunday
today._______day
is
it
today?
It’s
May
3
today.________day
is
it
today?
对with
短语做的后置定语
I
want
some
cakes
with
nuts
in
them.______kind
of
cakes
do
you
want?
Key：What
4.疑问词what对颜色，姓名，时间，职业，计算结果，“存在有”中的主语（人，物），天气，做什么（谓语和宾语），of短语提问
(1)对颜色
These
apples
are
red.______
colour
are
these
apples?
对姓名
His
name
is
Tom.________is
his
name?
对时间
It’s
nine
o’clock.________time
is
it
now?
对职业
The
man
is
a
farmer._______is
the
man?
=______does
the
man
do?
=_____is
the
man’s
job?
对计算结果
Six
and
ten
is
sixteen.______is
six
and
ten?
对天气
It’s
cloudy
today.________is
the
weather
like
today?
=How
is
the
weather
today?
对做什么（谓语和宾语）
The
boys
are
playing
tennis
now._______are
the
boys
doing
now?
对of短语
This
is
a
map
of
China._______map
is
this?
对“存在有”中的主语（人，物）
There
is
an
egg
on
the
table.______is
on
the
table?
There
are
some
people
in
the
room._______is
in
the
room?
Key：What
5.疑问词which，对定语提问
(1)对前置定语提问
These
apples
are
yours._______apples
are
yours?
The
best
one
is
Lily’s._______one
is
Lily’s?
对后置定语提问
The
boy
in
the
hat
is
my
brother?______boy
is
your
brother?
I
want
to
buy
the
shirt
on
the
left?______shirt
do
you
want
to
buy?
Key：Which
What与Which的区分：
1.
what
与
which
都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如：
What
is
your
father?
你父亲是干什么的?
Which
指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如：
---Which
is
Peter?
哪个是皮特?
---The
boy
behind
Mary.
玛丽背后的那个男孩。
2.
What...?是泛指，所指的事物没有范围的限制;而Which...?是特指，所指的事物有范围的限制。如：
　What
color
do
you
like
best?
(所有颜色)你最喜爱什么颜
色?
　Which
color
do
you
like
best,
blue,
green
or
yellow?
(有特定的范围)你最喜爱哪一种颜色?
6.疑问词whose、whose+名词，对物主代词，名词所有格提问
(1)对表语（名词性物主代词）提问
This
cup
is
yours._______is
this
cup?
(2)对主语（名词性物主代词）提问
Mine
is
red.______is
red?
(3)对定语
1.（形容词性物主代词）提问
They
are
my
books.______books
are
they?
2.（名词所有格）
This
is
Lucy
and
Lily’s
room?_______room
is
this?
(4)对表语（名词所有格）提问
This
skirt
is
Kate’s.________is
this
shirt?
This
is
Kate’s
shirt.________skirt
is
this?
Key：Whose
7.疑问词how对身体，天气，程度状语、用...工具、用...语言等提问。
对身体：______
are
you？I'm
OK.
对天气：________is
the
weather？It's
cloudy
today.
对程度状语：______
does
he
study?He
studies
hard.
对用...工具,语言，交通工具提问：
________do
you
eat?
I
eat
with
a
spoon.
________
do
you
spell
it?
I
can
spell
it
in
English.
Key：How
________
does
Tom
go
to
school?
Tom
goes
to
school
by
bus.
how+形容词/副词年龄（how
old）
How
old
is
he？
He
is
ten.
长度,宽度,深度/重量（how
long/wide/deep/heavy）
How
long
is
the
table?
It’s
two
metres.
How
wide
is
the
river?The
river
is
about
five
metres
deep.
How
deep
is
the
river?The
river
is
about
three
metres
wide.
How
heavy
is
the
stone?The
stone
is
two
tons.
对for+一段时间、用How
long
提问“多久”，有时“多长”问长度
since+时间点、或句子
How
long
提问
in+一段时间提问
用How
soon
提问“将有多久”,多用将来时
对频度副词（how
often）、“多久一次”
数量（how
many/much）、“多少”
价格（how
much）、“多少钱”
次数（how
many
times）“多少次”提问
对频度副词和次数提问(always,usually,often,never,sometimes,every
day
等）
1.Liu
Yang
often
carries
water
for
grandma.How
often
does
Liu
Yang
carry
water
for
grandma?
2.I
go
swimming
once
a
week
in
summer.How
often
do
you
go
swimming
in
summer?
对数量或价格提问
1.I
have
five
apples.
How
many
apples
do
you
have?
2.The
ruler
is
10
yuan.
How
much
is
the
ruler?
【即学即练】用how
的词组填空
1.__________will
you
come
back?
2.________people
travel
every
year?
3._________do
you
have
a
sports
meeting
in
your
school?
Once
a
year.
4.__________is
it
from
your
home
to
the
supermarket?
5._________does
your
father
go
to
the
fitness
center?Twice
a
week.
6._________is
the
new
bridge?It’s
about
800
metres.
Key：1.How
soon
2.How
many
3.How
often
4.How
far
5.How
often
6.How
long
冠词的用法
冠词分为定冠词the，和不定冠词a/an
。
a/an表示泛指，首次提到的、不限定的人或物，仅用作单数可数名词前。
a/an用法及比较
a用于发音以辅音音标（不是以辅音字母）开头的单词前面。
an用于发音以元音音标（不是元音字母）开头的单词前面。
如：a
university,a
useful
animal,a
one-eyed
dog,a
European
car;
an
hour,an
honest
boy,an
X-ray,an
ugly
man,an
honor
【即学即练】
(1)
My
mother
is
________engineer.
我的妈妈是一位工程师。
(2)
His
father
is
______doctor.
他的爸爸是一名医生。
I
have
______apple
,______banana,and
______apple
is
red.
我有一个苹果一个香蕉，苹果是红色的
。
解析：1.an,表示泛指，后面单词是元音单词。
a表示泛指，后面单词是辅音单词。
an,a,the
,前两个是泛指，有一个苹果，一个香蕉，后面特指上文提到的苹果。
用法:
①表示“一”，用于可数名词的单数形式前。
The
company
needs
a
worker.
②表示“一类”，指一类人或事物，用在可数名词单数前。
An
elephant
is
bigger
than
a
cat.
③某示“某一个”，不具体指明是何人何物。
A
teacher
wants
to
see
you.
④表示“每一”。
We
work
five
days
a
week.
⑤表示“第一次提到”；首次提到人或物，但不特别指明是哪一个。
Long
long
ago,
there
was
a
king.
⑥用于固定词组中：
a
few一些（加可数名词）
a
little一些（加不可数名词）
a
lot
of许多
a
great
deal
of
大量
a
moment
ago刚才
a
piece
of
一片
have
a
cold感冒
have
a
try试一试
in
a
word总之
in
a
hurry匆忙地
after
a
while过了一会儿
【即学即练】
(1)瓶子里只有一点点水了。（肯定）There
is
_______
water
in
the
bottle.
(2)瓶子里只有一点点水了。(否定）There
is_______
water
in
the
bottle.
(3)我有一些苹果。（肯定）I
have_______
apples!
(4)我有一些苹果。（否定）I
have_______apples.
解析：
a
little
和little都是修饰不可数名词，前者表肯定后者表否定。
a
few
和few
都是修饰可数名词，前者表肯定后者表否定。
(5)a
lot
of
=lots
of许多，大量。（后接可数名词或不可数名词）
I
have
________time
so
that
I
can
help
you
.
I
have
_____money
today
!
He
likes
to
drink
_______water.
They
make
________
friends
there.
She
receives
_______
toy
bears
.
解析：
a
lots
of
和lots
of
。二者可替换，既修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词，
2.定冠词the
表示特指。
①指特定的人或物。
The
boy
in
red
is
her
brother.穿黑衣服的那个男孩是她哥哥。
I
like
the
music
of
the
film.我喜欢这部电影的音乐。
②和单数名词、形容词或者分词连用，表示一类人或事物。
The
tiger
老虎
The
old
老年人
The
living
生者
③指世界上独一无二的事物。
The
sun
is
shining.阳光普照。
④指再次出现的人或事物。
He
told
us
a
story
,but
I
was
not
interested
in
the
story.
【即学即练】
I
know
there
is
____big
tree
in
your
garden.
—Yes,
and
I
water
_____
tree
once
a
week.
解析：a；the（泛指一颗树，后文再提及，指的是前文说过的那颗树，是特指）
综合练习
I.
词汇运用。
(
)
1.
______is
he
so
sad
?
Because
his
dog
died
yesterday
.
A.
Why
B.
When
C.
Where
(
)
2.
_________
do
you
usually
do
when
you
are
free?I
usually
swim
with
my
brother.
A.
Which
B.
Why
C.
What
(
)
3.
_________does
she
go
to
school
every
day
?
By
bus
.
A.
How
B.
Where
C.
Why
(
)
4._________is
your
dream,Joyce?
--I
want
to
travel
all
over
the
world.
A.Where
B.
Which
C.
What
(
)5.--Do
you
have
____
pen
friend?
--Yes,
I
often
hear
from
a
girl
in
Nanjing.
A.
a
B.an
C.
the
(
)
6.
_________
friendly
person
is
someone
who
is
very
kind
to
others.
A.
An
B.
A
C.
The
(
)7.
_________
do
you
do
?
How
do
you
do
.
A.
How
B.When
C.
What
(
)8.________can
I
send
my
letter
to
my
friend
?
You
can
send
your
letter
to
the
post
office.
A.
Which
B.
Where
C.
Why
(
)9.
________one
I
have
met
yesterday
is
our
new
classmate
,what
a
coincidence
!
A.
The
B.
A
C.An
(
)10.
_______
is
your
father?
-My
father
is
an
engineer
he
always
uses
scientific
knowledge
to
solve
problems.
A.
Who
B.
What
C.Which
解析：1.A,询问原因，选择why,为什么这么悲伤。
2.C，询问做什么，用what，休息时间总是在干什么。
3.A，询问方式，用how，她每天怎样去上学。
4.C，询问是什么，Joyce的梦想是什么。
5.B，泛指，pen是辅音音标开头的单词，问有没有笔友。
6.B，泛指，friendly是辅音音标开头的单词，友善的人就是对他人友好的人。
7.A，how
do
you
do
是打招呼的意思，回答也需用how
do
you
do
.
8.B,询问地点，用where，哪里可以寄我的信。
9.A，特指表示昨天遇见的哪个人就是我新同学。
10.B，问职业，你爸爸是什么，用what。
一．单词及短语拼写
1.
_____
did
they
go
to
work?
They
went
to
work
yesterday
morning.
2.______
does
her
mother
go
to
school?
Her
mother
go
to
school
by
bike.
3.____
book
is
his？
The
red
one
is
his
book
.
4.______
are
you
so
happy
?Because
I
won
the
first
prize
!
5.I
am
at
home
now
,______
are
you
right
now
?.
6.She
is
_____
Chinese
girl
.
7.Tom
has
_____
apple.
8.____
banana
do
you
want
?
the
big
one
or
the
small
one
?
9.
_____
is
your
name
?My
name
is
Tina.
10.______are
they
?
They
are
all
students
of
the
Shenzhen
middle
school
..
二、单项选择
1.
my
parents
have
______
good
sleeping
habit.
They
seldom
go
to
bed
late.
A.
an
B.
a
C.
the
2.
_____do
you
like
Shenzhen
?Because
the
people
here
are
very
friendly.
A.
Why
B.
When
C.
Where
3.
______is
Jason’s
favourite
subject
?
A.
Which
B.
What
C.
Why
4.
______
hospital
where
my
father
work
is
not
far
away
from
here.
You
can
walk
there.
A.
A
B.
An
C.The
5_____
do
they
come
from
?
They
are
from
England.
A.
Why
B.
Which
C.
Where
三、翻译句子
1.
他哥哥最喜欢的科目是哪个？
2.学生一般怎么来上学？
3.
你最喜欢哪个苹果？
4.他来自哪个国家？
5.你为什么没赶上地铁？
解析:
一、单词及短语拼写
1.When
（问时间），他们昨天什么时候去上的班。
2.How（问方式）她妈妈怎么去学校。
3.Which（问哪个）哪本书是他的。
4.Why（问原因）你为什么这么高兴。
5.Where（问地点）我现在在家，你在哪里
6.a（泛指+辅音单词）她是个中国女孩。
7.an（泛指+元音单词）Tom
有一个苹果。
8.Which（选择，哪个）你喜欢哪根香蕉，大的还是小的。
9.What（名字是什么）你的名字是什么。
10.Who（问是谁）他们是谁。
二、单项选择
1.B（泛指，辅音音标）
2.A（为什么）你为什么喜欢深圳。
3.B（是什么）Jacksonx喜欢的科目是什么
4.C（特指我爸爸上班的医院）
5.C（来自哪里）
三、翻译句子
1.Which
subject
does
your
brother
like
?
2.How
do
students
go
to
school
?
3.Which
apple
do
you
like
best
?
4.Which
country
does
he
come
from
?
5.Why
did
you
miss
the
subway
?
特殊疑问词
哪里
where
多少钱
how
much
什么时候
when
多大岁数
how
old
为什么
why
多久
how
long
谁
who
多远
how
far
什么
what
多久一次
how
soon
哪个
which
多少个
how
many
谁的
whose
一些（可数）
a
few
什么时间
what
time
一些（不可数）
a
little
2