Module 3 The Violence of Nature（共152张PPT）

(共153张PPT)
Module 3 The Violence of Nature
语言点
必修三
基础 知能 回扣
重点 难点 突破
have much teaching/working experience教学/工作经验丰富
He is____ as a leader but he
doesn’t have______ in teaching.
A. success; many experience
B. a success; much experience
C. success; an experience
D. success; a lot of experiences
【解析】选B。句意为：作为领导他是成功的，但是他没有多少教学经验。a success成功的人；experience作“经验”讲时是不可数名词。
2．We had ________pleasant experience when my family were on ________vacation last summer.
A．/；/　　　　　　　B．a；a
C．/；a D．a；/
解析：选D。句意是：去年夏天我们家庭的度假是一次令人愉快的经历。experience指“经历”，是可数名词，所以前面要用不定冠词；on vacation是习惯用语，vacation前面不用冠词。
According to the recent research, heavy coffee drinking is not necessarily the_____ of heart attack.
［2010温州模拟］
A. reason B. way C. fact D. cause
【解析】选D。句意为：根据最近的研究，喝浓咖啡未必是心脏病的起因。cause着重指导致某种结果的原因，而reason着重指某种行为或看法的理由。
完成句子
①我突然想到要到欧洲旅游。
It occurred to me that I would travel to Europe.
②他告诉我那起事故是怎样发生的。
He told me how the accident occurred/happened .
即境活用
3．It suddenly________me how we could improve the situation.
A．struck　　　　　　　B．happened
C．occurred D．realized
解析：选A。B项应为something happened to sb.；C项应为It occurred to me that...；D项应为sb. realized。It struck me...“我突然想到……”。
1) Charles Coghlan died in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck.
2) A stone struck me on the head.
3) The boat struck (on) a rock.
4) The visitors are struck by the beauty of the Country.
7. 翻译下列句子, 体会 strike 的用法。
(袭击)
(打,击)
[撞, 触(礁)]
(打动; 给…以印象; 感动)
6) I was about to go out when the clock struck 12.
(钟)敲响
5) A good idea struck the manager.
(突然想到)
用hit, strike或beat完成下列句子
①The angry man struck the table with his fist.
②He struck/hit the man on the shoulder.
③I can easily beat him at table tennis.
6 pick up 　拾起，拿起；卷起；掀起；搭载；(无意中)学会；接收(无线电信号)；收拾，整理；加(速度)；取(物)，开车接(人)；(健康、生意、社交生活等)恢复，变好，好转
(回归课本P23)Tornadoes can pick up cars，trains and even houses and put them down in the next street－or even in the next town.
龙卷风能把汽车、火车甚至房屋卷起，把它们带到旁边的街上——甚至能把它们卷到邻近的城镇上。
归纳总结
例句探源
①It is an offence to pick up or set down a hitchhiker on a motorway.
在高速公路上让搭便车的人上下车是违反交通规则的。
②I managed to pick up an American news broadcast.
我设法收听到一家美国电台的新闻广播。
③If you sing it several times，your children will begin to pick up the words.
如果你把它唱上几遍，你的孩子们就会不知不觉地学会歌词。
④The economy is finally beginning to pick up again.
经济终于又开始有所好转。
⑤The train was gradually picking up speed.
火车逐渐加快了速度。
⑥I picked up the book from the floor.
我从地板上把书拾起来。
即境活用
9．She ________Japanese when she was in Japan.Now she can speak it freely.
A．picked out　　　　　　 B．made out
C．made up D．picked up
解析：选D。考查pick up表示“学会”的意思和用法。pick out表示“挑出；区别出”；make out表示“理解”；make up表示“组成，构成”，根据句意“她在日本时学会了日语，现在她能讲得非常流利。”可知应选D。
★10.This picture was taken a long time ago.I wonder if you can________my father.
A．find out B．pick out
B．look out D．speak out
解析：选B。考查pick out表示“区别出，辨别出”的意思。find out表示“查清楚，弄明白”；look out表示“向外看；当心”；speak out表示“讲出来”。根据句意“这张照片是很久以前照的，我不知道你是否能认出我的父亲来。”可知应选B。
归纳总结
用适当的介词、副词填空
①I’d like to take three days off next week.
②She took down what the speaker said in shorthand.
③Henry’s taken over the firm from his father.
④Mary really takes after her mother.
I have to drive to the railway station to_____ the experts from Shanghai.
A. take in B. pick up
C. draw on D. bring in
【解析】选B。句意为：我必须去车站去接上海来的专家。pick up“（用车）接人”符合题意。take in“吸收；欺骗”；draw on“接近”；bring in“引进”。
①It is possible that one day we will_____ disability, so we shouldn’t look down upon the disabled.
A. end up with B. put up with
C. come up with D. catch up with
【解析】选A。句意为：可能将来的某一天我们会变残疾，所以我们不应该瞧不起残疾人。end up with以……结束；put up with容忍；come up with提出；catch up with赶上。
②Each of us has to make_____ summary of our performance in the past year since the year 2009 has already come to_____ end.
A. the; an B. a; an
C. /; the D. /；an
【解析】选B。考查冠词。make a summary做个总结；come to an end终止，结束。句意为：既然2009年已经结束，我们每个人都要对过去的一年做个总结。
备考要点补充
They have repaired and painted again the building_____ in the earthquake.
A. ruined B. destroyed
C. damaged D. injured
【解析】选C。句意为：他们修理好并重新粉刷了地震中受损的大楼。ruin毁灭，变成废墟；destroy彻底损坏，无法修复；damage不完全损坏，还可以修复使用；injure指人或动物的躯体受伤，根据句意，要用damage。
用all所构成的短语填空
①He hasn’t finished the work, but after all he has tried his best.
② First of all she just smiled, and then she started to laugh.
③There was nothing to worry about at all .
④He loves music, above all , classical music.
⑤He spent very little time at school, perhaps not more than a year in all .
4. They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.
leave vt. “让…处于某中状态”, 常接形容词、副词、分词和介词短语等作宾补。
句型巧析
1【教材原句】　They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.(P23)
它们能毁掉房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。
【句法分析】　该句式意为“使保留，让/使某人(某物)继续处于某种状态、某地等”。该句式中leave为及物动词，意思是“使处于……；听任……”，宾语后接形容词、分词、不定式、介词短语、名词或句子等作补足语。
其常见结构归纳如下：
(1)leave＋宾语＋形容词/副词。
(2)leave＋宾语＋现在分词，其中宾语与宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。
(3)leave＋宾语＋过去分词，其中宾语与宾补之间形成逻辑上的动宾关系。
(4)leave＋宾语＋介词短语/名词。
(5)leave＋宾语＋动词不定式。
(6)leave＋宾语＋从句。
1. I’m sorry I’ve ___________________. (没锁门)
left the door unlocked
2. Don’t leave her ________________ (在雨中等)
3. His illness has ________________ (使他很虚弱)
4. You’d better ____________________ _________. (把画室的门开着)
5. You mustn’t __________________ (瞒着他)
leave him in the dark
door open
left him very weak
waiting in the rain
leave the drawing room
即境活用
14．You’d better not leave the medicine________kids can get at it.
A．even if　　　　　　　　　B．which
C．where D．so that
解析：选C。句意是：你最好别把药放在孩子能够找到的地方。leave...where...也是一个常见的句式，意为“把……放在……地方”。
★15.—Was the problem solved at the meeting
—Not yet.I’m afraid it may lead to more serious ones if________unsolved.
A．making B．remained
C．left D．taking
解析：选C。句意是：“这个问题在会议上解决了吗？”“还没有，如果不解决的话，恐怕会引起更加严重的问题。”leave与it是被动关系，要用过去分词形式作条件状语。
2【教材原句】　The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925，affecting three US states...(P23)
有史以来最严重的龙卷风发生在1925年，它影响了美国三个州……
【句法分析】　affecting three US states...是现在分词短语作结果状语。
用现在分词作结果状语时，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致，且现在分词表示的结果是一种必然的、顺理成章的结果。而不定式则表示出乎意料的结果。
即境活用
16．(2010年高考江苏卷)The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu，________the students to return to their classrooms.
A．enabling　　　　　　　　　　
B．having enabled
C．to enable
D．to have enabled
解析：选A。句意：那位退休的老人把他的大部分积蓄都捐给了玉树地震中毁坏的学校，这样学生们就能重新回到教室了。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。不定式一般作目的状语，有时可作结果状语，故可排除C、D项；B项表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，不合题意，可排除。故答案为A项。
★17.(2009年高考上海卷)A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city，________all four people on board.
A．killed B．killing
C．kills D．to kill
解析：选B。句意：一架小型飞机在城市以东五英里的山坡上坠毁，致使机上四人全部丧命。本题考查非谓语动词作状语，首先排除C项，因为kills不能作状语；如果选A项，应在killed前加and；to kill常用作目的状语，不符合句意，不定式也可作结果状语，但表示“意外的结果”，而本句主句说明飞机失事，因此后面的结果并非意外，故排除D项；用现在分词killing作结果状语，故选B。
5. By the time it ended, more than 700 people had been killed and been injured.
by 表示 “在(某时)前, 到某时”, 谓语动词常用完成时态。
翻译句子:
到上学期末为止, 我们已经学完了第二册。
By the end of last term, we had finished
learning Book 2.
By the time he was 14, he had taught himself advanced math.
2. 在他14岁时, 就已经自学了高等数学。
6. ... they usually affect the east coast of the US from Texas to Maine.
affect vt. ① 影响; 对...发生作用 ② (使)感动, (使)震动
The amount of rain affects the growth of crops.
雨量影响作物的生长。
She was deeply affected by the film.
她深深被那部电影感动了。
辨析: affect, effect
两个词都是 “影响” 的意思, 词性不同。 affect是及物动词(=have an effect on); effect是名词, 指的是affect的结果。
句型转换
Smoking too much will affect your health greatly.
Smoking too much will ___________
_______ your health.
have a great
effect on
5 possibility　 n．　可能，可能性；可能发生的事；潜能，潜力
(回归课本P25)When the lava reached the sea，there was the possibility of a huge tidal wave which could flood half the island.
当岩浆流到大海里，就有可能引起巨大的潮汐淹没半个岛屿。
归纳总结
例句探源
①There’s always a possibility that he might go back to Seattle.
他回到西雅图总是可能的。
②Life on other planets is a possibility.
其他行星上有生命是可能的。
③He is a man of possibilities.
他是一个有发展前途的人。
④Is it possible to predict what will happen in Russia
有可能预测俄罗斯将发生什么事吗？
即境活用
8．—Is there any possibility ________you could pick me up at the airport
—No problem.
A．when　　　　　　　　B．that
C．whether D．what
解析：选B。此处是考查possibility的同位语从句，因从句不缺少成分，故应用that引导，表示“你有没有可能来机场接我”，所以选B项。
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. He experienced (经历)a lot of difficulties doing that work.
2. The heavy rain caused (引起)the flood.
3. Have you had previous (以前的)career experience
4. Is there any possibility (可能性)of your getting to London this week
5. The climbers were buried (埋葬)under a pile of rocks.
6. The violent hurricane struck (袭击)the city at midnight.
7. The old table is a very valuable piece of furniture (家具).
8. This could cause serious damage (损害) to the country’s economy.
9. After the disaster (灾难)there were many people who needed food and shelter.
10. She poured water all over my painting, and ruined (毁坏)it.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. The robber set fire to (放火焚烧)his house before he escaped.
2. Don’t drive your car like that, or you’ll end up in (结果会导致)hospital.
3. I picked up (偶然学会)a few words of Greek when I was there last year.
4. The price of bananas is about six yuan per kg on average (平均).
5. The accident caused great damage to (造成很大损害)the two cars.
6. He went away from home, never to come back (从未回来过).
Ⅲ. 单项填空
1. The campers began to make____ fire from the dry branches to cook their lunch, which made their tent catch_____ fire.
A. a; a B. /; a
C. a; the D. a; /
【解析】选D。句意是：露营者开始用干树枝生火做午饭，结果帐篷着火了。make a fire“生火”；catch fire“着火，失火”。
2. Did it_____ to you that you should phone the police
A. happen B. strike
C. occur D. take place
【解析】选C。句意为：你突然想起了给警察打电话吗？A项It happened to sb. that意为“碰巧……”；B项应为It struck sb. that; D项take place意为“发生”，不合句意，故选C。
3. It is helpful for children to form a good habit by asking them to_____ all the toys after they finish playing.
A. put off B. put away
C. put up D. put out
【解析】选B。句意：要求孩子在玩完玩具后把玩具收起来有助于孩子形成好习惯。put off“延迟”；put away“把……收好”；put up“举起，张贴”；put out“熄灭”。
4. The_____ sailor has had many interesting_______.
A. experience; experienced
B. experienced; experiences
C. experienced; experience
D. experiences; experience
【解析】选B。句意为：这位有经验的水手拥有很多有趣的经历。第一空应为形容词experienced“有经验的”；第二空为experience“经历”的复数。
5. My study of biology has_____ much of my spare time, but it has given me a great deal of enjoyment.
［2010天津模拟］
A. taken up B. taken down
C. taken off D. taken away
【解析】选A。句意为：生物的学习占据了我的很多业余时间，但却给了我很多乐趣。take up“占据；从事”；take down“写下”；take off“脱掉；起飞”；take away“带走；拿走”。
6. —I’m sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired.
—There is no_____ for this while you are on duty.
A. reason B. excuse
C. cause D. explanation
【解析】选B。根据句意可知回答者对解释原因的人很不满意，因此要用“借口(excuse)”表达不相信或陈述内容不客观。
7. —You must get a high income by doing that kind of job.
—Oh, my income’s rather variable, but I earn 100 yuan a day______ .
A. on average B. in common
C. in all D. on the whole
【解析】选A。答句的意思是：噢，我的收入相当不固定，但是我平均一天挣100元。on average平均；in common共同的/地; in all总共，总计; on the whole从整体上看。
8. The singer turned out to be a______ at that time. His song was heard everywhere.
［2010海口模拟］
A. beat B. strike C. defeat D. hit
【解析】选D。四个选项既是动词也是名词。作动词时，beat指“（连续）打；（心脏）跳动；打败”，strike“袭击；打动；打”，defeat“打败”，hit“打”。作名词时，beat“敲击声，节拍”，strike“袭击；罢工”，defeat“打败”，hit“轰动一时的人或物；打”。
If you play with electricity, you may get an electric_____.
A. strike B. beat C. shock D. knock
【解析】选C。句意为：如果你摆弄电的话，有可能被电击。electric shock电击，为固定用法。
9. They took the wrong train and _____ at a small station.
A. picked up B. ended up
C. held up D. died up
【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。pick up“捡起，偶然学会”
；end up“最终成为，最后处于”；hold up“举起，抬高，承担”；die up无此搭配。句意为：他们坐错了火车，结果来到了一个小站。故B项符合。
10. As far as I can see,_____ is no possibility _____ he will win the tennis match this time.
A. it; that B. there; that
C. it; whether D. there; whether
【解析】选B。句意是：据我看来，他这次不可能赢得这场网球比赛。此句为“There is no possibility that. . . ”句式，表示“没有……的可能性”，其中that引导同位语从句。
11. After the British and French invaders burnt Yuanming Garden in October, 1860, most of the former grand palaces were_____ .
A. damaged B. ruined
C. harmed D. to be destroyed
【解析】选B。句意为：在1860年10月英法联军烧毁圆明园之后，所有以前的大殿大部分都被毁坏了。ruin“毁坏”符合题意。damage指不一定全部破坏，还可修复；harm“危害”；若选D可用destroyed。
12. John is not good at music, but when ______comes to English, he is the best in the class.
［2010银川模拟］
A. he B. this C. it D. that
【解析】选C。考查固定句型。句意为：约翰不擅长音乐，但当说到英语方面时，他是班里最优秀的。when it comes to. . . 当谈及到……时，为固定句型。
13. Mary ______ Chinese when she was in China. Now she can speak it freely and even could sing Chinese songs.
A. picked out B. made out
C. made up D. picked up
【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意：玛丽在中国的时候学会了汉语，现在她对汉语运用自如，甚至还会唱中文歌。pick out挑选；pick up(偶然)学会; make out辨别出，填写，理解；make up组成，构成，编造。
14. He _____ his head under his pillow because of the noise outside. But he still couldn’t_____ asleep.
A. placed; went B. buried; fall
C. laid; go to D. buried; go
【解析】选B。考查固定短语。bury his head under his pillow表示“把他的头埋在枕头底下”，fall asleep表示“入睡”，故答案为B。
15. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance,_____ in the natural light during the day.
A. to let B. letting
C. let D. having let
【解析】选B。句意为：在入口处玻璃门已取代了木门，这样白天就有阳光进来。此处用现在分词作结果状语，表示必然的结果，排除A、C；因为此处不表完成，排除D。
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
Haiti can expect more aftershocks in
coming weeks, and while the usual pattern
suggests they will become weaker and less
frequent, another one as strong as Wednesday’s jolt (猛击)is certainly possible, scientists say.
The battered（打垮了的）nation has felt more than 45 significant aftershocks since the Jan. 12 quake. Wednesday’s event, originally estimated at magnitude 6.1 but later weakened to 5. 9, tied an earlier aftershock as the strongest so far.
“These events are a sign that the land is adjusting to the new reality of the rock layers, ” said Bruce Pressgrave, a geophysicist with the US Geological Survey.
Eric Calais of Purdue University, who has studied earthquake potential in the region, said aftershocks could continue for several weeks and that another jolt as strong as Wednesday’s would not be surprising.
“They will be less and less frequent, but large ones can still strike, ” he said. So buildings are still at risk, especially those already weakened, he said.
Julie Dutton, a USGS geophysicist, agreed that more aftershocks are probable and that another event like Wednesday’s was certainly possible. “More likely we see that the earthquakes decrease in size, but you definitely have the potential that you can have a larger earthquake, ” she said.
Paul Mann of the University of Texas said it’s hard to predict whether another sizable（相当大的）quake is in the future, since “we are dealing with a natural system that is very complex. ”
Calais also said the fault（断层）zone responsible for last week’s quake extends into the neighboring nation, the Dominican Republic. It’s “somewhat of a concern to us” that the Haiti quake may have raised the chances for a quake there. The two countries share the island of Hispaniola.
But scientists don’t know enough to make any forecasts, he said. “There is so much uncertainty, ” Calais said. “At this point we’re working really hard to understand last week’s earthquake, and from there we can perhaps understand what might happen next. ”
1. The earthquake originally estimated at magnitude 6.1 happened on_____.
A. Jan. 12, Wednesday
B. Jan. 12, Thursday
C. Feb. 12, Wednesday
D. Feb. 12, Thursday
【解析】选A。 根据第二段的表述可知，海地地震发生在一月十二号，星期三。
2. According to Calais’ words in Paragraph 4, we can infer_____.
A. aftershocks could continue for several weeks
B. a big earthquake would possibly happen
C. there would be no big earthquake any more
D. it would be surprising that another big earthquake was to happen
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据“. . . aftershocks could continue for several weeks and that another jolt as strong as Wednesday’s would not be surprising. ”可知，另一个大的地震有可能发生。
3. From the last paragraph, we know that_____.
A. scientists are still studying the earthquake happening on Jan. 12
B. scientists can know what will happen next exactly
C. scientists can make some forecasts with certainty
D. studying the earthquake of last week can’t be useful for the forecast about the future one
【解析】选A。根据最后一段中科学家的话可知，科学家们正在努力研究发生在星期三的那次地震。由“At this point we’re working really hard to understand last week’s earthquake, . . . ”可知。
4. The passage tells us that_____.
A. in coming weeks, aftershocks will happen
B. it is certain that there will not be a big earthquake in the future in Haiti
C. the aftershocks in this area will become more and more frequent
D. though another big earthquake will possibly hit this area, nothing will happen to the buildings
【解析】选A。根据文中第一段的第一句话可知，A项正确。
Ⅴ. 任务型阅读
［2010银川模拟］
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
1 Premier Wen Jiabao acted exactly that way when he kept his cool during the shoe-throwing incident at Cambridge University.
It happened on the last day of his week-long official trip to Europe in early February. Wen was delivering a speech at the university.
A German student, Martin Jahnke, interrupted Wen Jiabao’s speech. 2 . Pausing for a few seconds, Wen Jiabao calmly told the audience that the incident would do nothing to hold back the friendship of the Chinese and British people.
Wen later posted a notice on the government website asking British officials to pardon Jahnke. 3 . He believes education is the best path to a young man.
The Premier’s response to the incident says a lot about our country and culture. 4 The student’s words and actions showed his lack of knowledge about China, as the Chinese
Ambassador to the UK, Fu Ying, pointed out. By asking the university to forgive Jahnke, the Premier showed his tolerance toward people, who did silly things without thought.
This incident has upset many Chinese people. However, some cool-minded people think that we Chinese should not be anxious about those who misunderstand China. 5 . We can always rely on the words of Confucius to deal with men and things:“I will not be afflicted (折磨)at men’s not knowing me; I will be afflicted that I do not know men(不患人之不己知，患不知人也). ”
A. Wen hoped the university would give Jahnke an opportunity to continue his studies.
B. As the old saying goes, we must be patient with trouble.
C. Wen’s forgiveness reflects traditional Chinese values on how to treat people who are ignorant or angry.
D. Confucius teaches us to stay calm when faced with trouble.
E. He threw a shoe but missed the Chinese Premier.
F. Instead, we should just keep focusing on our development.
G. Wen believes education can promote better understanding that can help form fair judgment.
1~5. DEACF
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. He experienced (经历)a lot of difficulties doing that work.
2. The heavy rain caused (引起)the flood.
3. Have you had previous (以前的)career experience
4. Is there any possibility (可能性)of your getting to London this week
5. The climbers were buried (埋葬)under a pile of rocks.
6. The violent hurricane struck (袭击)the city at midnight.
7. The old table is a very valuable piece of furniture (家具).
8. This could cause serious damage (损害) to the country’s economy.
9. After the disaster (灾难)there were many people who needed food and shelter.
10. She poured water all over my painting, and ruined (毁坏)it.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. The robber set fire to (放火焚烧)his house before he escaped.
2. Don’t drive your car like that, or you’ll end up in (结果会导致)hospital.
3. I picked up (偶然学会)a few words of Greek when I was there last year.
4. The price of bananas is about six yuan per kg on average (平均).
5. The accident caused great damage to (造成很大损害)the two cars.
6. He went away from home, never to come back (从未回来过).
Ⅲ. 单项填空
1. The campers began to make _____ fire from the dry branches to cook their lunch, which made their tent catch _____ fire.
A. a; a B. /; a C. a; the D. a; /
【解析】选D。句意是：露营者开始用干树枝生火做午饭，结果帐篷着火了。make a fire“生火”；catch fire“着火，失火”。
2. Did it _____ to you that you should phone the police
A. happen B. strike
C. occur D. take place
【解析】选C。句意为：你突然想起了给警察打电话吗？A项It happened to sb. that意为“碰巧……”；B项应为It struck sb. that; D项take place意为“发生”，不合句意，故选C。
3. It is helpful for children to form a good habit by asking them to _____ all the toys after they finish playing.
A. put off B. put away
C. put up D. put out
【解析】选B。句意：要求孩子在玩完玩具后把玩具收起来有助于孩子形成好习惯。put off“延迟”；put away“把……收好”；put up“举起，张贴”；put out“熄灭”。
4. The _____ sailor has had many interesting _____ .
A. experience; experienced
B. experienced; experiences
C. experienced; experience
D. experiences; experience
【解析】选B。句意为：这位有经验的水手拥有很多有趣的经历。第一空应为形容词experienced“有经验的”；第二空为experience“经历”的复数。
5. My study of biology has _____ much of my spare time, but it has given me a great deal of enjoyment.
［2010天津模拟］
A. taken up B. taken down
C. taken off D. taken away
【解析】选A。句意为：生物的学习占据了我的很多业余时间，但却给了我很多乐趣。take up“占据；从事”；take down“写下”；take off“脱掉；起飞”；take away“带走；拿走”。
6. —I’m sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired.
—There is no _____ for this while you are on duty.
A. reason B. excuse
C. cause D. explanation
【解析】选B。根据句意可知回答者对解释原因的人很不满意，因此要用“借口(excuse)”表达不相信或陈述内容不客观。
7. —You must get a high income by doing that kind of job.
—Oh, my income’s rather variable, but I earn 100 yuan a day _____ .
A. on average B. in common
C. in all D. on the whole
【解析】选A。答句的意思是：噢，我的收入相当不固定，但是我平均一天挣100元。on average平均；in common共同的/地; in all总共，总计; on the whole从整体上看。
8. Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to _____ them too hard.
A. draw B. strike
C. rush D. push
【解析】选D。句意为：要鼓励你的孩子尝试新事物，但尽量不要给他们太多压力。push“强逼；强迫”符合题意。draw“拉”；strike“袭击”；rush“冲”。
If you play with electricity, you may get an electric _____ .
A. strike B. beat C. shock D. knock
【解析】选C。句意为：如果你摆弄电的话，有可能被电击。electric shock电击，为固定用法。
9. They took the wrong train and _____ at a small station.
A. gave up B. ended up
C. held up D. died up
【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。give up“放弃”；end up“最终成为，最后处于”；hold up“举起，抬高，承担”；die up无此搭配。句意为：他们坐错了火车，结果来到了一个小站。故B项符合。
10. As far as I can see, _____ is no possibility _____ he will win the tennis match this time.
A. it; that B. there; that
C. it; whether D. there; whether
【解析】选B。句意是：据我看来，他这次不可能赢得这场网球比赛。此句为“There is no possibility that. . . ”句式，表示“没有……的可能性”，其中that引导同位语从句。
Language Date Bank (高考题)
She _____ Japanese when she was in
Japan. Now she can speak it freely.
(福建2006)
A. picked out B. made out
C. made up D. picked up
2. It was so dark in the cinema that I could
hardly _____ my friend. (四川2007)
A. turn out B. bring out
C. call out D. pick out
D
D
11. After the British and French invaders burnt Yuanming Garden in October, 1860, most of the former grand palaces were _____ .
A. damaged B. ruined
C. harmed D. to be destroyed
【解析】选B。句意为：在1860年10月英法联军烧毁圆明园之后，所有以前的大殿大部分都被毁坏了。ruin“毁坏”符合题意。damage指不一定全部破坏，还可修复；harm“危害”；若选D可用destroyed。
12. Don’t leave the water _____ while you brush your teeth.
A. run B. running
C. being run D. to run
【解析】选B。句意：当你刷牙的时候不要让水一直不停地流着。本题考查leave+宾语+宾语补足语，该句式意为“使/让……保持某种状态”；water与run之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作宾补，故选B。
13. Mary _____ Chinese when she was in China. Now she can speak it freely and even could sing Chinese songs.
A. picked out B. made out
C. made up D. picked up
【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意：玛丽在中国的时候学会了汉语，现在她对汉语运用自如，甚至还会唱中文歌。pick out挑选；pick up(偶然)学会; make out辨别出，填写，理解；make up组成，构成，编造。
14. He _____ his head under his pillow because of the noise outside. But he still couldn’t _____ asleep.
A. placed; went B. buried; fall
C. laid; go to D. buried; go
【解析】选B。考查固定短语。bury his head under his pillow表示“把他的头埋在枕头底下”，fall asleep表示“入睡”，故答案为B。
15. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, _____ in the natural light during the day.
A. to let B. letting
C. let D. having let
【解析】选B。句意为：在入口处玻璃门已取代了木门，这样白天就有阳光进来。此处用现在分词作结果状语，表示必然的结果，排除A、C；因为此处不表完成，排除D。
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
Haiti can expect more aftershocks
in coming weeks, and while the usual
pattern suggests they will become
weaker and less frequent, another
one as strong as Wednesday’s jolt (猛击)is certainly possible, scientists say.
The battered（打垮了的）nation has felt more than 45 significant aftershocks since the Jan. 12 quake. Wednesday’s event, originally estimated at magnitude 6.1 but later weakened to 5. 9, tied an earlier aftershock as the strongest so far.
“These events are a sign that the land is adjusting to the new reality of the rock layers, ” said Bruce Pressgrave, a geophysicist with the US Geological Survey.
Eric Calais of Purdue University, who has studied earthquake potential in the region, said aftershocks could continue for several weeks and that another jolt as strong as Wednesday’s would not be surprising.
“They will be less and less frequent, but large ones can still strike, ” he said. So buildings are still at risk, especially those already weakened, he said.
Julie Dutton, a USGS geophysicist, agreed that more aftershocks are probable and that another event like Wednesday’s was certainly possible. “More likely we see that the earthquakes decrease in size, but you definitely have the potential that you can have a larger earthquake, ” she said.
Paul Mann of the University of Texas said it’s hard to predict whether another sizable（相当大的）quake is in the future, since “we are dealing with a natural system that is very complex. ”
Calais also said the fault（断层）zone responsible for last week’s quake extends into the neighboring nation, the Dominican Republic. It’s “somewhat of a concern to us” that the Haiti quake may have raised the chances for a quake there. The two countries share the island of Hispaniola.
But scientists don’t know enough to make any forecasts, he said. “There is so much uncertainty, ” Calais said. “At this point we’re working really hard to understand last week’s earthquake, and from there we can perhaps understand what might happen next. ”
1. The earthquake originally estimated at magnitude 6.1 happened on _____ .
A. Jan. 12, Wednesday
B. Jan. 12, Thursday
C. Feb. 12, Wednesday
D. Feb. 12, Thursday
【解析】选A。 根据第二段的表述可知，海地地震发生在一月十二号，星期三。
2. According to Calais’ words in Paragraph 4, we can infer _____ .
A. aftershocks could continue for several weeks
B. a big earthquake would possibly happen
C. there would be no big earthquake any more
D. it would be surprising that another big earthquake was to happen
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据“. . . aftershocks could continue for several weeks and that another jolt as strong as Wednesday’s would not be surprising. ”可知，另一个大的地震有可能发生。
3. From the last paragraph, we know that _____ .
A. scientists are still studying the earthquake happening on Jan. 12
B. scientists can know what will happen next exactly
C. scientists can make some forecasts with certainty
D. studying the earthquake of last week can’t be useful for the forecast about the future one
【解析】选A。根据最后一段中科学家的话可知，科学家们正在努力研究发生在星期三的那次地震。由“At this point we’re working really hard to understand last week’s earthquake, . . . ”可知。
4. The passage tells us that _____ .
A. in coming weeks, aftershocks will happen
B. it is certain that there will not be a big earthquake in the future in Haiti
C. the aftershocks in this area will become more and more frequent
D. though another big earthquake will possibly hit this area, nothing will happen to the buildings
【解析】选A。根据文中第一段的第一句话可知，A项正确。
Ⅴ. 短文改错
The summer holiday，when I’ m looking forward to，
1. ________
is coming. What a fun it is to go fishing! Playing football
2. ________
is one of my hobby. I can ride my bicycle，climb high
3. ________
mountains，or go swimming. Sometime I can play chess
4. _______
with my grandfather. How interested my holiday will be!
5. _______
But my father is always afraid I would be hurt: hurt by
6. _______
a truck，fall into water，fell off a tree or something. He is
7. _______
afraid I would fight against others or taken away by bad men.
8. _______
And if I’m careful and polite enough，how will these
9. _______
things happen I must try best to persuade my father.
10. ______
1.【解析】when→which which引导定语从句，在从句中作look forward to的宾语。
2.【解析】去掉a fun为不可数名词。
3.【解析】hobby→hobbies one of后面应加复数名词。
4.【解析】Sometime→Sometimes sometimes有时候。
5.【解析】interested→interesting 主语为holiday，故用interesting有趣的。
6. √
7.【解析】fell→fall fall into water与fall off a tree为并列结构。
8.【解析】taken前加be I与take away之间为动宾关系，故应用被动结构。
9.【解析】And→But 前后句表示转折关系。
10.【解析】try后加my try one’s best to do sth. 尽力做某事。
写作技能培训
倒装句和强调句
倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。
完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前(是整个谓语动词，而非助动词)。
【佳句选粹】
In_came_the_teacher and the class began.
【分析】　句意：老师走了进来，然后开始上课。in放于句首，整个句子用了全部倒装的形式，came放到了the teacher之前。
部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分(如助动词、情态动词等)放到主语前，或把句子的强调成分提前。
【佳句选粹】
Were_she_to_leave right now，she would get there on Sunday.
【分析】　句意：如果她立刻就走，她就能在星期天到达那里。此句前半部分省去了If，把were提前。
【佳句选粹】
Not until yesterday did_little_John_change his mind.
【分析】　句意：小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。否定词放于句首，主句用部分倒装，did提到了主语little John之前。
强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式，写作中常使用强调句，常见的有：
【佳句选粹】
It was on_Monday_night that all this happened.
【分析】　句意：所有这一切发生在周一晚上。用强调句型：“It is(was)＋被强调成分＋that(who)＋原句其他成分”来强调说话人的意愿，强调时间“on Monday night”。
【佳句选粹】
①He does know the place well.
他的确很熟悉这个地方。
②Do write to me when you get there.
你到那儿后务必给我来信。
【分析】　用助动词“do(does/did)＋动词原形”来表示强调。