必修3Module 3 The Violence of Nature 定语从句课件（共97张PPT）

(共97张PPT)
富裕实验中学 李丛微
1.定语从句：
修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
定义及相关术语
2.先行词：
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
That is the teacher who teaches us
English.
Those who want to go to the park
are girls.
______
（名词）
_____
（代词）
3.关系词： 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
I still remember the day when I first came to this school.
He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
关系词
关系代词
关系副词
that which who whom whose as 等
when where why等
关系词通常有下列三个作用：
A.引导定语从句； B.代替先行词； C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。
The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
指人 指物 主语 宾语
that
which
who
whom
关系代词的用法
关系代词在从句中可以：
何时可以省略？
指人 指物 主语 宾语
that
which
who
whom
关系代词的用法
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
×
×
×
×
关系代词在从句中可以：
何时可以省略？
做宾语时可以省略
Join the following sentences:
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
先行词和关系词的关系
Join the following sentences:
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
A plane is can fly.
关系代词的实质
the machine
a machine
that/which
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
we saw yesterday is Mary.
her
The girl
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
we saw yesterday is Mary.
her
The girl
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
we saw yesterday is Mary.
her
The girl
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
we saw yesterday is Mary.
her
The girl
that / who
先行词和关系词的关系
1.A plane is a machine that can fly.
2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.
3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought
up by his grandfather.
the machine = that
the boy =who
the boy’s =whose
关系代词实际上是先行词的复指
关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格
关系代词的用法练习
1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday.
2.The friend was not hungry. He came to supper last night.
3.He prefers the cheese. It comes from his parent’s farm.
4.The noodles were delicious. You cooked them.
5.I don’t like the people. They smoke a lot.
The eggs (that/which) I bought them were not fresh.
The friend who/ that he came to supper last night was not hungry.
He prefers the cheese that / which it comes from his parent’s farm.
The noodles( which/ that )you cooked them were delicious.
I don’t like the people that / who they smoke a lot.
I still remember . I came here
the day
on the day
I still remember I came here
the day
on the day
I still remember . I came here
the day
on the day
I still remember I came here
the day
on the day
when
This is the house. I lived last year in the house
This is the house I lived last year
in the house
where
There are many reasons . People like traveling
for many reasons .
There are many reasons people like traveling.
for many reasons
why
关系副词和先行词的关系
I still remember the day when I came here.
This is the house where I lived last year.
There are many reasons why people like traveling.
I don’t like the way that you speak.
on the day =when
in the house= where
for the reasons =why
in the way =that
关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词
I’ll never forget the days_______________we worked together.
I’ll never forget the days ___________ we spent together.
I went to the place I worked ten years ago.
I went to the place _____________ I visited ten years ago.
This is the reason _____________________ he was late.
This is the reason _____________________ he gave.
when /in which
which
where/ in which
which
why/ for which
that/which
几种易混的情况
及物动词
及物动词
及物动词
解题点拨:
看引导词在定语从句中充当什么成分；若是作状语, 就用where, when, why等关系副词；若是作主语、宾语或定语，则用关系代词that, which, whom, whose等。　
1). a. The reason _______he missed the speech
is that he forgot the time.
b. The reason_____________he gave us
sounded reasonable.
2). a. I’ll never forget the day ____________we
spent together in Paris.
b. I’ll remember the day________we
stayed together at that time.
why
(which/that)
when
(which/that)
关系代词与关系副词的区别
返回目录
3). a. Is this the factory______________
we visited last year
b. Is this the house _________Lincoln
once lived
c. Is this house ________ we visited
last year
(which/that)
where
解题点拨:
看引导词在定语从句中充当什么成分；
若是作状语, 就用where, when, why等关系副词；
若是作主语、宾语或定语，则用关系代词that, which, whom, whose等。　
the one
返回目录
难用的 whose
The teacher praised the student. HisEnglish is the best in our class.
The teacher praised the student whose
English is the best in our class.
Join the following pair of sentences.
whose =the student’s
关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格
难用的 whose
The house is mine. The window of the house
is broken.
Join the following pair of sentences.
The house whose window is broken is mine.
whose=the house’s window
The house is mine.
the window of which is broken
of which the window is broken
定语从句
The Restrictive Attributive Clause
限制性定语从句
The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause
非限制性定语从句
插入成分
修饰限定
补充解释
能
不能
….的
非限制性定语从句
Please compare:
Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.
Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.
The town where I live is beautiful.
Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.
形式 作用 能否省略 翻译
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
Teachers who are kind are popular
with the students.
Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular
with the students.
分析两种定语从句省略后的结果
The town where I live is beautiful.
Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.
分析两种定语从句省略后的结果
限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略
as 引导的非限制性定语从句
The earth is round._____ is known to all.
The earth is round,_____ is known to all.
_____ is known to all, the earth is round
______ is known to all that the earth is round.
It
which
/ as
As
It
as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：
as you know/ as you see/as we planned/
as we expected
定语从句在句首时只能用as,
as 引导的非限制性定语从句 (1)
This is the same pen as I lost.
This is the same pen that I lost.
Please compare:
这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。
这本书就是我丢的那本。
as 引导的限制性定语从句 (2)
This is such an interesting book ____ we all like.
This is so interesting a book _____ we all like.
This is such an interesting book ____we all like it.
This is so interesting a book ____we all like it.
as
that
Please complete the following sentences and compare:
as
that
这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句)
这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句)
非限制性定语从句和单句的比较
2.He failed in the exam._______ made his parents angry.
3.He failed in the exam, _______made his parents angry.
4.He has two sons. Both of ________ are teachers.
5.He has two sons, both of ________ are teachers.
It \This
which
whom
them
× that
1.I am reading Harry Porter, _____is an interesting book.
which
3. ______ is known to all, he is the best student.
4. Jim passed the driving test, _____ surprised everybody in the office.
As
which
考点四：as的用法
as\that\which
1. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift.
2. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift it.
as
that
归纳：①as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such, the same, so, as 修饰，即构成such…as , the same …as, so…as, 结构，做题时容易忽略。②as在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。③as 与which引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于句首时，只能用 as, 意为“正如、恰如”。④ as 用于as+主语+谓语或as+被动谓语结构中,如:as we all know, as is well known, as we had expected, as is natural, etc.
考点四：as的用法
做题技巧
★ 当主句中出现such 或so 时,看后面从句是否
缺主语或宾语:
(1)缺主语或宾语,从句前用as, 引导定语从句
(2)不缺主语和宾语,从句前用that,引导结果状语从句
★ 当主句中出现the same时, 后面从句缺主语
或宾语时与as搭配表同一类事物,与that搭配
表同一个事物
模拟训练 ：
1. He is such a lazy man_____ nobody wants to work with______.
A. as; him B. that; /
C. as; / D. whom; him
2. Mrs. Black took the police back to____ place ____ she witnessed the robbery.
A. the same; as B. the same; where
C. the same ; that D. as the same; as
1.He did all / everything _______he could to help me.
2.This is the very thing _______ I am after.
3.We talked about the men and the things _______
we remembered at school.
4.He is the only man _______ can do the work.
5.This is the first thing _______ I want to say.
6.He is the finest man _______ I have ever worked
with.
7.Who is the man _______ spoke to you at the gate.
8.Which is the star _______ is nearest to the earth.
that , which or who
that
that
that
that
that
that
that
that
preposition+which（指物）
preposition+whom (指人）
How to choose the right prepositions
1. 介词的确定方法
The money _______ which you were to buy dog food is gone.
He will never forget the day ____ which he failed in the exam.
①根据先行词来确定
on
with
We thought you were a person _______ whom we could expect good decisions.
The West Lake, ____ which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.
②根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定
for
from
Air, ________ which man can’t live, is really important.
③根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定
without
The pen _____which he is writing now was bought yesterday.
with
2. 介词的位置
①一般情况下，介词一般放在关系代词which和whom之前，也可放在动词后。
This is the man ________________ I learned the news from.
This is the man ____________ I learned the news.
from whom
(who/whom/that)
This is the room ____________ we lived in last year.
(that/which)
in which
This is the room_________ we lived last year.
Is this the watch that you are looking for
The old man whom I am looking after is better .
在固定短语中介词不能提前
下面两句中的介词能提前吗
②固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前.
常见的这类动词短语有:
look for/after/forward to,
care for(照顾，喜欢）
hear of/about/from, take care of等.
This is the right place I’m looking for.
The girl whom he is looking after is his sister.
1. Do you like the book ________she
spent $10
2. Do you like the book ________she
paid $10
3. Do you like the book ________ she
learned a lot
4. Do you like the book _________ she
often talks
on which
for which
from which
about which
介词+关系代词的使用
5. The man _________ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at writing.
6. Glasses, ___________ I can’t see clearly, are really important for me.
7. China is a beautiful country, _______ we are proud.
8. Do you remember the day _______ you joined our club
to whom
without which
of which
on which
This is the teacher whose daughter is a famous doctor.
=This is the teacher_________________ is a famous doctor.
1.名词+介词+关系代词
the daughter of whom
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase（花瓶）, _______ was very reasonable（合理的）.
A. which price
B. the price of which
C. its price
D. the price of whose
We have three foreign teachers, ___________are from Canada. (其中的两个）
2.数词+介词+关系代词(含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数）
two of whom
The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _______ are sold abroad.
A. of which
B. which of
C. of them
D. of that
3. 代词+介词+关系代词（代词有all, both, none, neither, either, some, any等）
The old woman has two sons, __________ are teachers.（两个都是）
both of whom
Last week, two persons came to see the house, ___________wanted to buy it.
A. both of they
B. neither of whom
C. both of them
D. all of whom
4. 形容词最高级+介词+关系代词
China has thousands of islands, _______________ is Taiwan Island.（其中最大的）
the largest of which
There are two buildings, ________ stands nearly a hundred feet high.
A. the larger
B. the larger of them
C. the larger one that
D. the larger of which
5.介词+关系代词+名词
He spent four years in college, _____________ he studied medicine.（在那段时间内）
during which time
In the office, I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., _______ time many people have gone home.
A. whose
B. that
C. on which
D. by which
基础知识回顾: 关系词及其意义
指代人
指代事物
所属关系
指地点
指时间
指原因
who, whom, that, as
which, that, as
whose
where
when
why
关系代词
关系副词
归纳总结
做题技巧
先分析定语从句中缺少什么成分
成分 所指 关系词
主语 指人
指物
宾语 指人
指物
定语 指人
指物
that/who
that/which
(that/who/whom)
(that/which)
whose/of whom
whose/of which
A “Model Worker(劳动模范)" should be hard-working and brave. He should also be a person ________ is able to stand hardship. Xiao Shenyang is just a person making people laugh. He should not be considered a "Model Worker."
who/that
Do you think XiaoShengyang should be considered a “Model Worker”
The People‘s Republic of China(中华人民共和国), _____was founded in 1949, celebrates the 60th anniversary of its founding on October 1st, 2009.
which
When did you come here
When did you come here
When did you come here
When did you come here
We came here on Oct.12 , 2005.
It was the day _____________ we were sent into the space.
when
(on which)
Where do you work and live
Where do you work and live
Where do you work and live
Where do you work and live
hi
space capsule
We work and live in a space capsule(太空舱).
It is a place ______________ an astronaut works and lives.
where
(in which)
What are you doing now
I’m having my blood pressure(血压) taken.
I’m taking pictures.
Can you tell me the reason______________ you are taking pictures
why
/for which
We celebrate the 60th anniversary (周年纪念日) of the founding of the PRC on October 1st, 2009.
I will never forget the day ______________ we celebrate the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PRC.
when/on which
Hong Kong returned to China on July 1st, 1997.
The day ________________ Hong Kong returned to China will never be forgotten.
when (on which)
I often go shopping
in Times Supermarket.
Times supermarket is the place ________________I often go shopping.
where
(in which)
Can you tell me the reason ____________ you are so late
why/for which
Whether to use a relative pronoun or a relative adverb
要确定使用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词:
(1)及物动词后面无宾语,用关系代词.
常见的及物动词有visit, spend, expect, explain, etc,；
(2)不及物动词后无介词时,用关系副词.常见的不及物动词有work, live, come, go,etc.
　
This is the factory _____________ I worked before.
This is the factory __________ I visited before.
This is the factory __________ I worked in.
This is the factory in __________I worked.
where/in which
(which/that)
(which/that)
which
I will never forget the days ______________ we worked together.
I will never forget the days _________ we spent together.
I will never forget the days during ______we worked together.
when/during which
(that/which)
which
This is the reason ____________ I was late.
The reason __________ he gave us was reasonable(合理的).
why/for which
(that/which)
所指 先行词 引导词
时间 the time/day/week/moment/
period/occasion when
=at/in/on/during which
地点 the place/room/situation
/case/point/activity where
=in/at/on which
原因 the reason why
=for which
Practice makes perfect!
May you succeed in your studies!
Complete the following sentences using which/that, why,where , when or preposition+which(whom).
1. Hangzhou is the place ______________ I went last summer.
2. He read the book __________ his sister had told him about.
3. The reason _____________ Peter is so happy is that he passed the exam.
where/to which
which/that
why/for which
4. I remember the day _____________ my father died. I was only ten years old at that time.
5. Please give me the reason ____________ you were late this time.
6. I will go back to the place ______________ I grew up and live there forever.
when/on which
why/for which
where/in/at which
China is a beautiful country, ____ _____ we are proud.
Do you remember the day ___ ______ you joined our club
This is the house ____ _______ I lived two years ago.
In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ _____ she could turn for help.
In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ _____ she could ask for help.
of
on which
in which
to whom
from whom
which
III. Fill in the blanks with “preposition+which/whom”:
6.In his room, we saw a big table ___ ______ there were 3 magazines.
7.Glasses, _______ _________I can’t see clearly, are really important for me.
8.This is the man _____ _____ I learned the news.
9. The pen ___ _______ I write every day is broken.
10.The man ___ ___________ I bought the picture is over 80.
11.Can you give me some paper ___ ______ I can write a note
on
without which
from whom
with which
for /from whom
on
which
which
12.I think the way ____ _______ some of you learn English is not correct.
13. Family fights are the things ____ __________ I feel upset.
14.Do you know the woman ____________our teacher is talking
15. This is the desk _________ Lu Xun used to sit studying.
in which
about which
with/ about whom
at which
Test yourself
1. American women usually identify (表明）their best friend as someone ____ they can talk frequently.
A. who B. as
C. about which D. with whom
2. The English play ____ my students acted at the New Year’s Party was a great success.
A. for which B. at which
C. in which D. on which9
★
★
3. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., ____ many people have gone home.
A. whose B. that
C. on which D. by which time
4. Tell me your reason ____ you are against my program.
A. which B. for that C. what D. why
5. I will give the gift to the student ____ I think is honest in our class.
A. whom B. which C. that D. who
★
★
★
6. She is the one of the girls who ____
passed the examination.
A. was B. were C. has D. have
7. It is the third time ____ late this month.
A. that you arrived
B. when you arrived
C. that you’ve arrived
D. when you’ve arrived
★
★
8.The journey around the world took the old sailor 9 months, _______the sailing time was 226 days.
A. of which B. during which
C. from which D. for which
9. There are 62 students in our class, ____ 26 are girls.
A. more than B. in which
C. less than D. of whom
10.Next month, ____ you’ll spend in your hometown, is coming.
A. when B. which C. where D. that
11. Water boils at 100℃, ____ temperature it changes to gas.
A. on which B. at which
C. which D. when
D
B
B
12. Do you know the street ____ Mr. Wang once lived
A. on which B. that C. which D. in that
13.The reason ____ he got a bad cold is
that he was caught in a heavy rain.
A. why B. when C. which D. in which
14.I received ____ nice a gift _____ my
boyfriend promised.
A. the same , as B. such, as
C. as, as D. the same, that
A
A
C
15. He is the only one of the students ____want to follow the teacher’s advice.
A. that don’t B. that do
C. who doesn’t D. who don’t
16.It is an island ___ name I’ve forgotten.
It is an island _____ the name I’ve…
A. whose B. of which
C. which D. whom
17.I can still remember the sitting room ____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.
A. what B. where C. which D. that
C
A
B
B
18. I’ll never forget the days ____ I spent my holiday in Guangzhou.
I’ll never forget the days ____ I spent with you in Guangzhou.
A. which B. when C. on which D. for which
19.There was a time ____ there were slaves in the USA.
A. that B. which C. what D. when
20.Word came of his success abroad, _____
filled the parents’ heart with pride.
A. that B. whom C. who D. which
B
A
D
D
21.---How do you like the book
---It’s quite different from ___ I read last month.
A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what
22. I will hire the man ____ they say is a good English speaker.
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
23. What surprised me was not what he said but ____ he said it.
A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
24. He hated the way ____ the whites treated the blacks.
A. which B. in that C. that D. by which
C
A
A
C
25. The book , _____ the cover is broken, is not mine.
A. of it B. for which C. whose D. of which
26. ______ is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer.
A. That B. Which C. As D. It
27.I don’t know about Zhang Yi---mou, _____ I saw a week ago.
A. one of his films B. one film of his
C. one of whose films D. one of which films
28. There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, ____ five are mine.
A. on which B. in which
C. of which D. from which
29. John said he had been working in the office,_____ was true.
A. he B. this C. which D. as
D
C
C
C
C
30.Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ____ it was 20 years ago, ___ it was so poorly equipped.
A. what, when B. that, which
C. what, which D. which, that
31. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ____ effects the people are still suffering.
A. that B. whose C. those D. what
32.Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, ____ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students’ Union.
A. during which time B. for which time
C. during whose time D. by that time
A
B
A