鲁教版八年级上册 第12课:英国资产阶级革命课件

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名称 鲁教版八年级上册 第12课:英国资产阶级革命课件
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科目 历史
更新时间 2012-05-21 20:52:48

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1、英国资产阶级革命开始的标志是( )
A、苏格兰人民起义 B、查理一世召集议会开会,筹集军费
C、内战开始 D、查理一世被推上断头台
2、英国君主立宪制资产阶级专政确立的标志是( )
A、查理一世被推上断头台 B、1688年宫廷政变
C、《权利法案》的颁布 D、查理一世召集议会开会
3、在英国资产阶级革命中,被推上断头台的国王是( )
A、詹姆士一世 B、查理一世
C、詹姆士二世 D、查理二世
4、英国资产阶级革命结束的标志
A、英国成立共和国 B、克伦威尔就任“护国主”
C、1688年宫廷政变 D、英国议会通过《权利法案》
5、英国宣布成立共和国是在( )
A、1642年 B、1645年 C、1649年 D、1653年
6、英国资产阶级革命爆发的根本原因是( )
A、圈地运动的进行 B、苏格兰人民起义
C、专制统治阻碍资本主义的深入发展 D、国王同议会的斗争
7、下列关于英国资产阶级革命的叙述,正确的是( )
是第一次失败的资产阶级革命
建立起君主立宪制的资产阶级专政
通过了确保私有财产不可侵犯的《人权宣言》
颁布了维护资产阶级利益的《法典》
8、
4、凡未经国会同意,以国王权威停止法律或停止法律实施之僭越权力。为非法权力。近来以国王权威擅自废除法律或法律实施之僭越权力,为非法权力。 设立审理宗教事务之钦差法庭之指令,以及一切其他同类指令与法庭,皆为非法而有害 。凡未经国会准许,借口国王特权,为国王而征收,或供国王使用而征收金钱,超出国会准许之时限或方式者,皆为非法。
请回答:
(1)上述内容是什么法案的规定?

(2)上述法案是何时、什么机构通过的?

(3)通过上述法案时该国掌权的阶级和阶层是什么?
(4)这个法案的通过有什么意义?
5、英国革命主沉浮,资产阶级新贵族;
资本主义发展快,封建制度却阻碍;
君权神授遭反对,封建君主开议会;
克伦威尔战查理,一六四九共和起;
查理命丧断头台,护国政治搞独裁;
复辟事起六零年,一六八八又政变;
《权利法案》限王权,资产阶级搞立宪。=====================
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installed.英国资产阶级革命开始的标志是( )
A、 苏格兰人民起义 B、 长期关闭的议会重新开会
C、 内战开始 D、 查理一世被送上断头台
6、在英国资产阶级革命中,被推上断头台的国王是( )
A 、詹姆士一世 B、 查理一世
C 、詹姆士二世 D、 查理二世
英国资产阶级君主立宪制确立的标志是( )
A、《权利法案》的颁布 B、光荣革命
C、查理一世被送上断头台  D、长期关闭的议会重新开会FileIO Xtra
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09dec97 (v1.0.4)
Fixed a problem leading to garbage characters appearing at the ends of lines,
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18apr97 (v1.0.2)
Fixed parenting problem with displaySave() and displayOpen() methods.
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27may96 (v1.0.1)
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"OK"
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"No disk in drive"
"Directory not found"
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"File already exists"
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"File is opened write-only"
"Unknown error"
---
setFilterMask( instance, string mask )
Sets the filter mask used by calls to displayOpen() and displaySave(). The filter
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---背景音乐
一、客气话:大家好,我是同学们这节课的历史课老师,谢谢大家能够配合我来讲这节课,之前我听说咱们班的学生非常优秀,今天这节课我们来看看是不是真的这样!
二、导入:(屏幕展示)同学们看这三幅图片,知道这是谁吗?(对,这是英国的伊丽莎白女王。)那么英国的这位女王是否和中国古代的封建皇帝一样享有至高无上的权力呢?(不是)原因是今天的英国是一个什么样的国家呢?(君主立宪制的资本主义国家)那么我们国家是一个什么样的国家呢?(中华人民共和国是工人阶级领导的、以工农联盟为基础的人民民主专政的社会主义国家)那么我们国家的这种政体是通过什么来规定的呢?(我们国家的政体是我国的根本大法——宪法明确规定的),当然,英国君主立宪制的政体也是通过英国的法律文件来规定的了。这个文件就是《权利法案》。
三、讲授新课:
同学们看屏幕思考一下这个问题:(英译汉)
板书:一、《权利法案》的颁布:
同学看课本思考屏幕上的两个问题,呆会儿找同学回答。
屏幕展示问题,学生回答,出示答案。
那么什么是君主立宪制呢?谁来给大家解释一下?(君主立宪制是资产阶级专政的一种政权组织形式,君主仍为国家元首,但其权力受到资产阶级宪法或法律限制。君主立宪制是资产阶级和封建势力相妥协的产物)
那么《权利法案》是在什么情况下制定的呢?同学们要知道《权利法案》是英国资产阶级革命胜利以后颁布的一个法律文件。打出课题:英国资产阶级革命(板书)
那么英国资产阶级革命是怎样爆发的?革命过程中发生了哪些重大的历史事件呢?
板书:二:查理一世命丧断头台:
1、同学们看屏幕思考这两个问题,(屏幕展示),学生回答。
首先起来反抗查理一世统治的,是苏格兰人民。当时苏格兰和英格兰虽然都由查理一世统治,但苏格兰在内政和宗教上仍保持一定的独立性,与英格兰是两个国家。但查理一世却强令苏格兰人民接受英国国教,其目的是把专制统治推行到苏格兰,激起苏格兰人民的愤怒,掀起了大规模人民起义,1639年攻入英格兰北部。查理一世为了镇压起义,被迫在1640年召集议会开会,希望能够筹集到军费。英国资产阶级革命由此开始。同学们要明确英国资产阶级革命开始的时间及标志!
2、屏幕展示
查理一世不甘心丧失自己的专制权力,拒绝议会要求,双方最后决裂。1642年,查理一世挑起内战。
同学们看屏幕上的《英国内战形势图》,同学们要学会看地图,首先要学会看图标,然后根据图标仔细地去看地图。同学们从图中可以看出内战开始时,基本上拥护国王的是哪些地区?(北部和西部),这些地区经济落后,所以国王的军队在实力上处于劣势;同学再看地图,基本上拥护议会的是哪些地区?(东南部和中部),这些地区经济发达,物资丰富,所以议会军在实力上处于优势。但是,在内战初期由于议会领导人优柔寡断,幻想同国王讲和,不想决裂,在战略上非常地保守,因而使议会军连吃败仗。形势迫切需要一个果敢善战的人来指挥议会军,这个时候谁出现了?(屏幕展示)克伦威尔就是适应了革命的需要涌现出来的一个重要人物。同学们再看地图,克伦威尔组织的军队取得了两次重要的胜利,是哪两个战役?(动画演示)(马斯顿荒原战役扭转了内战以来议会军屡败的局面,而纳西比战役则一举击溃了王军的主力。)
经过反复较量,议会军终于战胜了王军,俘虏了查理一世,内战结束。
3、(屏幕展示)1649年1月30日,查理一世作为暴君、杀人犯和人民公敌被推上断头台,同学们看图,曾经不可一世的暴君已经是身手异处,受到了应得的惩罚。同年,英国宣布成立共和国,资产阶级和新贵族掌握了政权。
4、(屏幕展示)同学们看一下课本,看看英国在1649年——1688年,不到半个世纪的时间里先后经历了哪四个统治者的统治?(克伦威尔、查理二世、詹姆士二世、威廉)
下面我们请四位同学代表这四位统治者给大家表演一段历史短剧,现场演示一下这一时期英国的政权更替情况。
(台词略)
5、通过刚才的学习以及几位同学的表演同学们可以看出英国资产阶级革命中的政权历经反复,并不是一帆风顺的,而是带有一定的曲折性?(用提问的方式)同学们讨论一下这个问题:
(屏幕显示)造成英国资产阶级革命曲折性的原因是什么?
6、同学们讨论一下课本上的“动脑筋”?对于这两个人的对话你同意谁的观点?为什么?(多找几个同学回答)
任何历史事件的发生都会有它的历史背景,那么资产阶级革命为什么会首先发生在英国而不是发生在其他的国家呢?这场革命的爆发又有着怎样的历史意义呢?
三、革命原因和意义:
同学们看课本思考屏幕上的这个问题:英国为什么会爆发资产阶级革命?
1、“君权神授”下的英国:
——革命原因
(学生回答)
教师边演示边讲解:随着新航路的开辟,欧洲的主要商道和贸易中心发生了转移。在新航路开辟以前,欧洲的商贸中心主要集中在哪里?(地中海区域)那么新航路开辟以后呢?(转移到了大西洋沿岸)同学们在地图上看一下英国的地理位置,思考一下欧洲商贸中心的转移对英国有什么意义?(英国正处在大西洋航路的中心地位,利用这个优越的地理条件,积极开展对外贸易和殖民掠夺,这样大量财货源源流入英国,转化为资本,加速了英国资本主义的发展)。
(出示小标题)(1)、英国资本主义发展:
随着英国资本主义的发展,哪一个阶级发展壮大?(资产阶级队伍日益成长壮大)。与此同时,还出现了一个新的阶层,是哪个阶层?什么叫“新贵族”呢?(一部分封建贵族受巨额利润所驱使开始转用资本主义方式经营农、牧场或投资手工工场,积极从事商业活动,人民把这一部分人称为资产阶级化了的“新贵族”)由此可见,新贵族和资产阶级有着共同的经济利益,他们要掌权,要发展资本主义。
但是当时的英国却竭力推行什么样的统治?
(2)、封建专制统治:
当时英国的国王极力鼓吹什么?那么什么叫“君权神授”呢?(国王的权力是神授予的,不可违抗)他们还宣布:君主制是地上最高的制度,君主是上帝派来统治人民的总督。国王查理一世上台后,专横有增无减,他经常不顾议会的反对任意征税,还一度关闭议会。为了搜刮钱财,他还把持出售肥皂、盐、酒、煤等生活必需品的专卖权。把专卖权出售给他的亲信和大商人,一般工场主因为没有获得专卖权而被迫停业,造成生产混乱,工商业萧条,许多工人失业,严重阻碍了资本主义的发展,损害了谁的利益?(资产阶级和新贵族)共同的利益使他们结成同盟,参加了反对封建专制统治的行列,并取得了革命的领导权。
通过刚才的学习同学们知道英国的资本主义的发展和封建专制统治之间存在着严重的什么?(矛盾)这种矛盾能不能调和呢?(不能)那么,只有用什么方式来解决呢?(革命的方式)
同学们要明确英国资产阶级革命的根本原因是封建专制统治怎么样英国资本主义的发展?(阻碍了)
所以当时的英国要发展资本主义,就必须推翻封建专制统治,而当时封建专制统治的象征当然是国王查理一世了,那么这个王朝的象征是怎样被推翻的呢?关于这个革命的过程刚刚我们已经学习过了。
那么这一场革命具有怎样的历史意义呢?
7、(屏幕演示)同学们看课本思考一下。
板书:2、历史意义:
英国资产阶级革命的意义我们可以用四个动词来概括:“推翻了”、“确立了”、“扫清了”、“推动了”。
推翻了什么制度?(封建君主专制制度)
确立了什么?(自己的统治地位)确立了哪个阶级的统治地位?(资产阶级)确立了什么制度?(资本主义制度)
为什么扫清了道路?(为资本主义的发展扫清了道路)英国资产阶级革命扫除了英国资本主义发展道路上最大的障碍,是什么呢?
推动了什么?(世界历史进程)因为在它的影响下不久,欧洲大陆爆发了资产阶级革命,北美殖民地的资产阶级革命也如火如荼地开展起来。因此,英国资产阶级革命,实际上揭开了欧洲和北美资产阶级革命运动的序幕,推动了世界历史的发展进程。
四、小结:好,这节课的内容到现在已经学完了,在刚才的学习过程中我尝试了一种新的教学方法——“历史追溯法”,把历史事件一个个倒着追溯着去讲的,但是任何事物的发展都有它的先后顺序,下面让我们一起按顺序把这节课的内容复习一下!
五、板书设计:
英国资产阶级革命
一、《权利法案》的颁布:
二:查理一世命丧断头台:
三、革命原因和意义:
1、“君权神授”下的英国——革命原因
(1)、英国资本主义发展:
↑阻碍了
(2)、封建专制统治:
2、历史意义:
六、当堂训练:
七、欣赏图片:
克伦威尔:我叫克伦威尔,1642年查理一世挑起内战,我组织了“铁骑军”屡建奇功,最终打败了王军,俘虏并处死了国王查理一世,建立了共和国!我功劳最大,当然应该我说了算!1653年我驱散了议会,实行军事独裁,就任“护国主”,成了英国的“无冕之王”!
(旁白):克伦威尔的独裁激起了人民群众的愤怒,克伦威尔死后,高级军官争权夺利。资产阶级和新贵族向封建王朝妥协,把流亡法国的查理二世迎立为英国国王。
查理二世:我是查理二世,查理一世的儿子,我要恢复封建专制统治,凡是反对的人都要杀!
杀父之仇不共戴天!我要复仇!凡是参与处死我爸爸查理一世的人——杀!克伦威尔,我要把你的尸体从你的坟墓里掘(jue)出来,施以绞刑,枭(xiao)首示众!
詹姆士二世:我是詹姆士二世,查理二世的弟弟,1685年哥哥去世后,我继承了王位。我会采取更严厉的措施继续实行专制统治!
旁白:在这种情况下,资产阶级和新贵族人心惶惶!
威廉:我是威廉三世,是詹姆士二世的女婿。1688年英国资产阶级和新贵族发动了宫廷政变,把我的岳父赶下台,邀请在荷兰执政的我和妻子玛丽做英国的国王。英国议会颁布《权利法案》限制我的权力,我完全接受!咱一个外来户,人生地不熟的,连英语也不懂,很多事都要靠议会的帮助嘛。
旁白:《权利法案》颁布以后,英国建立起君主立宪制的资产阶级专政。DirectMediaXtra.x32
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