Unit 5 What are the shirts made of ？语法精析精练+答案（暑假预习通用）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
九全一册Unit
5语法精析精练
语法精析
被动语态
概述:英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
主动态表示主语是动作的执行者：巧记为主动,主动,主去动
例如:
Many
people
speak
English.
谓语
speak的动作是由主语
many
people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象，巧记为:被动、被动、主被动
例如:
English
is
spoken
by
many
people.
主语
English是动词
speak的承受者
主动态和列指的是动词形式,是词法概念:面主动句和被动句则指的是可于结构,是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作动词的句子,而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子
例如:
He
opened
the
door..他开了门。(主动句)
The
door
was
opened..门被开了。(被动句)
二、被动语态的构成:被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的
现以
teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成
一般现在时:am/is/are+
taught
一般过去时:was/were+taught
一般将来时:will/
shall
be+
taught
现在进行时:am/is/are
being+taught
过去进行时:was/
were
being+
taught
现在完成时:have/has
been+taught
歌诀是:被动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面
三、被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者
是谁。
例如:
Some
new
computers
were
stolen
last
night..些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
例如:
The
window
was
broken
by
Mike..窗户是迈克打破的
歌诀:谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要;动作承受者需强调,被动语态运用到。
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。
All
the
people
laughed
at
him.
-He
was
laughed
at
by
all
the
people.
歌诀是:宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用。
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be过去分词”构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后to仍要保留
歌诀是:情态动词变被动,情态加be加“过分”,原来带to要保留。
例如：We
can
repair
this
watch
in
two
days.→
This
watch
can
be
repaired
in
two
days.
语法精练
I.情景交际(有两项是多余的)。
A.
Do
you
know
that?B.
I
think
it
is
the
personal
computer.C.
Because
it
helps
people
do
lots
of
things.D.
we
can
find
the
answer
on
the
Internet.E.
What
is
it
used
for?F.
I
don't
think
so.G.
It
was
invented
in
1976.
A:
What
do
you
think
is
the
most
helpful
invention?
B:
1
A
:Why
is
that?
B:
2
A:
I
think
so.
Do
you
know
when
the
computer
was
invented?
B:
Sure.
3
A:
Who
was
it
invented
by?
B:
I'm
mot
sure.
4
A:
I
don't
know,
either.
5
B:
Good
idea.
Let's
go
to
the
computer
room
right
away.
1.
2.
3.
4.__________
5.
________
Ⅱ.按照要求完成句子。
1.这本书出版于1981年。
This
book
in
1981.
2.这本书是他写的。
This
book
was
him.
3.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。
Eight
hours
per
day
for
sleep
guaranteed.
4.
They
make
the
bikes
in
the
factory.(变为被动句)
The
bikes
them
in
the
factory.
5.
You
ought
to
take
it
away..(变为被动句)
It
ought
to
be
.
6.
They
should
do
it
at
once..(变为被动句)
It
should
at
once.
7.
Li
Ming
broke
the
window
just
now.(变为被动句)
The
window
Li
Ming
just
now.
答案
语法精练
I.
1.
B
2.
C
3.
G
4.
A
5.
D
II.
1.
was
published
2.
written
by
3.
must
be
4.
are
made
by
5.
taken
away
6.
be
done
7.
was
broken
by
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