中考名词专项复习

(共36张PPT)
中考总复习之
名词
《课程标准》名词考点
1.可数名词及其单复数
2.不可数名词
3.专有名词
4.名词所有格
5.名词词义辨析
重点和难点
重点：可数名词单复数和名词所有格。
难点：名词辨析和不可数名词量的表示。
命题规则：通过创设具体语境来考查对名词的理解和运用。
方法突破：
1.熟记课标要求的名词词汇，掌握名词变复数的基本规律和名词所有格的用法
2.正确理解语境，把握语境中的关键信息词，整体感知，不可断章取义，不能仅靠语法来解题。
名词概念及分类
表示人或物名称的词叫名词，名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。
专有名词：表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等名称的词。专有名词一般第一个字母都大写。
普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单复数之分。不可数名词没有复数形式，作主语时，动词用单三形式。
可数名词分为个体名词（表示某类人或东西中的个体）和集体名词（表示一群人或一些事物的词）。常见的集体名词有：team family class people police.
集体名词
集体名词一般都包含两个含义。集体名词（team family class）作主语，表示集体概念时动词用单三形式；表示集体中的成员时动词用复数。
His family are watching TV now.
His family is a happy one.
但集体名词police和 people做主语时动词总是用复数。例如：
The police in London have no guns when they are on duty.
Many people speak English.
经典例题
Our football team _ red and blue clothes.
Let’s go and meet them.
A. wear B. wears C. wearing
可数名词复数形式的规则变化
1.一般情况直接在名词后加S；
book—books worker—workers
2. 以-s, -x,-ch, -sh 结尾的名词加es;
　bus—buses box-boxes wish –wishes
watch-watches
3. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的：把y变为i再加es;
city-cities baby- babies
以元音字母加结尾的；直接加s
boy-boys key-keys
4.以f或fe结尾的：把f或fe变为v再加es;
knife-knives leave- leaves
(roof-roofs scarf-scarfs/scarves)
可数名词复数形式的规则变化
5.以o结尾的词有生命的加es；无生命的加s；
zoo-zoos photo-photos piano-pianos
hero-heroes tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes
6.合成名词变复数，一般只把中心名词变成复数
apple tree-apple trees
但如果合成名词以开头，要把两个名词都变成复数形式。
woman doctor-women doctors;
boy student - boy students;
foot-feet; goose-geese(鹅) tooth-teeth;
deer-deer; sheep-sheep
Chinese-Chinese; Japanese-Japanese;
man-men; woman-women
Frenchman-Frenchmen; Englishman-Englishmen German-Germans
mouse-mice; child-children
fish-fishes(鱼的种类) /fish(鱼的条数)
不规则变化
经典例题
There are two hundred clerks in bank of
China,a third of them are ____ .
A. woman clerks
B. women clerks
C.women’s clerks
名词量的表示
可数名词量的表示可直接在前面加数词。
two watches one book
不可数名词量的表示用“数词/冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”
a piece of paper a drop of water two cups of tea
当然也可以用这种形式表示可数名词的量。
a box of books two bags ofapples
可数名词单数形式前常用a/an/the/this/that/形容词性的物主代词/名词所有格等词来修饰。复数形式前常用数词、some ,any, a lot of,lots of ,a number of,few, a few, several ,plenty of 等词来修饰。
不可数名词前常用some ,any, a lot of,lots of ,plenty of,little, a little, much等词来修饰.
对可数名词多少进行提问用 How many+可数名词复数
对不可数名词多少进行提问用How much+ 不可数名词
经典例题
1. I don’t know how to keep healthy. Could you please give me some ___ .
A. way B. advice C. idea
2. --What would you like to drink
-- _____, please.
A.Two cups of coffee
B.Two cup of coffee
C.Two cups of coffees
名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系，意思是“…….的”
1.表示无生命名词的所有格一般用 of
如：a map of China the door of the room
2.表示有生命名词的所有格，一般用“名词＋’s”形式．
如：Lucy’s book; Children’s Day
3.以s结尾的名词，只加’
如：The teachers’ office the boys’ football
4.若表示并列名词共有的关系时，只在最后一个名词后加’s,
如：This is Tom and Bob’s room.
若表示并列名词各自的所有关系时，则要在每个名词后加’s，
如：These are Tom’s and Bob’s rooms.
名词所有格
名词所有格
5.双重所有格：of+名词所有格 /of +名词性的物主代词
a friend of my father’s a brother of mine
6.名词所有格后面是表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名词时，常省略所有格后面的名词 。
at the doctor’s go to Li Lei’S
7. 某些表示时间、距离、城市、国家、团体、机构等的名词，也可以在其后加构成所有格。
today’s newspaper twenty minutes’ walk
经典例题
1. After the entrence exam, we’ll have a____
holiday.
A.Two weeks B. two-weeks C. two weeks’
2. They are ____ mothers.
Tom and Mike’s
Tom’s and Mike’s
Tom and Mike
名词其它考点
数词+名词或数词+名词+ 形容词构成的合成词，中间的名词要用单数形式。
a five-year-old girl a 100-meter holiday
有些名词既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，且意义不同。
work--works glass—glasses
orange—oranges time—times
life –lives paper-papers room-rooms
名词+y构成形容词
loud-cloudy wind-windy sun-sunny
rain-rainy snow- snowy health-healthy noise-noisy silk-silky shine-shiny fun-funny
名词其它考点
名词+y构成形容词
loud-cloudy wind-windy sun-sunny
rain-rainy snow- snowy health-healthy noise-noisy silk-silky shine-shiny fun-funny
名词+ful构成形容词
use-useful help-helpful thank-thankful
care-careful beauty-beautiful
wonder-wonderful
名词+less构成形容词
care - careless home - homeless
hope - hopeless use - useless
当堂检测（10小题）
1. ---What’s your favorite Chinese traditional festival
---It’s _____.
A. April Fool’s Day
B. Father’s Day
C. Christmas Day
D. The Spring Festival
2. In the coming summer holidays, my family _____ going to take a two-week trip to Qingdao.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
3. ---There ____ no milk in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick
---All right, Mum.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
4. ---Can you get a piano for me, dear
---But there isn’t enough _____ for it in our house.
A. ground
B. floor
C. place
D. room
5. A few _____ are playing under the tree.
A. boy
B. boys
C. chids
D. child
6. Look! The kites in the sky are in different _____, some are big and some are small.
A. sizes
B. colors
C. prices
D. names
7. It’s a beautiful, sunny day! There _____ many people here on vacation.
A. be
B. am
C. is
D. are
8. Look! Two _____ are talking happily under the apple tree.
A. man teacher
B. man teachers
C. men teachers
D. men teacher
9. ---What’s in the ____
---There are some _____ and _____ in them.
A. photoes; potatos; radios
B. photos; potatoes; radios
C. photoes; potatoes; radios
D. photos; potatoes; radioes
10. All the _____ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday.
A. man
B. men
C. woman
D. women
Try it out
--- Is it the best one of _______ in your family
--- Yes, it is.
Photoes B. photos C. photo D. photos’
---When did these ______ come to visit our village
--- Last October.
Americans B. American C. Americen D. Americas
--- What did Jack do yesterday
--- He went to a _____ to buy a pair of new _____.
shoes’ shop ; shoe B. shoe shop ; shoe
shoes shop; shoes D. shoe shop; shoes
B
A
D
4.---As soon as I saw him, I knew the news _____ good.
Are B. were C. was D. is
5.Football was once ______game, but now many girls are playing it.
A. boy B. boys C. a boy’s D. a boys’
C
D
Homework today
1.完成《面对面》的名词专项练习
2.预习冠词
Thank you
for listening!