【广东省深圳市】 Unit 1 A new start 知识点讲义 (带答案)

外研版（2019）高中英语必修第一册
unit1
A
new
start
词汇精讲
　eagerness
n．热切，渴望
(教材原句P2)I
woke
up
early
and
rushed
out
of
the
door
in
my
eagerness
to
get
to
know
my
new
school.
翻译：
[例]　On
the
first
day
I
couldn't
control
my
eagerness
to
get
to
know
my
new
classmates.
翻译：
[知识拓展]
(1)with
eagerness　　　
热切地
in
one's
eagerness
to
do...
渴望做……，急于要做……
(2)eager
adj.
热切的，渴求的，渴望的
be
eager
for
sth.
急于得到……
be
eager
to
do
sth.
渴望做某事
be
eager
for
sb.to
do
sth.
渴望某人做某事
(3)eagerly
adv.
热切地
【即学即练1】　单句语法填空
①My
(eager)to
study
in
a
famous
university
has
been
keeping
me
working
hard.
②Carl
pushed
ahead
his
eagerness
to
get
a
free
ticket
to
the
show.
③Many
students
are
eager
(find)a
good
way
to
improve
their
writing
skills
in
a
short
time.
答案：1.eagerness；
2.
in
3.
to
find
【即学即练2】
Bob
was
eager
a
chance
to
learn
traditional
Chinese
painting，so
he
was
eager
(join)in
the
exchange.
答案：for；
to
join
　impression
n．印象，感想
(教材原句P3)What
could
I
say
to
make
a
good
first
impression?
翻译：
[例]　The
first
English
class
of
the
new
teacher
left/made
a
good
impression
on
the
students.
翻译：
[知识拓展]
(1)leave/make
a(n)...impression
on
sb.
　　　　　　
给某人留下……的印象
(2)impress
v.
给……留下深刻的好印象
be
impressed
with/by...
对……印象深刻
impress
sth.on/upon
sb.
使某人意识到
impress
sth./itself
on/upon
sth.
使铭记
(3)impressive
adj.
给人深刻印象的；令人惊叹的
【即学即练1】　单句语法填空
①He
impressed
me
his
honesty.
＝I
was
impressed
his
honesty.
②Back
Street
Boys
made
a
good
impression
Chinese
audience.
③She
impressed
us
the
importance
of
studying
hard.
④—What
do
you
think
of
the
butterfly
exhibition?
—Wonderful！I
was
deeply
(impress).
⑤Also，I
would
be
meeting
new
people，and
properly
ironed
clothes
would
help
me
make
a
good
(impress).
答案：1.with；by/with;
2.
on;
3.
on/upon;
4.impressed
5.
impression
【即学即练2】
【1】Hangzhou
is
really
an
(impress)
place.
The
famous
West
Lake
always
leaves
a
deep
impression
the
visitors.
I
was
deeply
impressed
its
beauty
the
first
time
I
saw
it.
【2】To
leave
a
good
(impress)
in
the
interview，Bob
dressed
himself
by
heart
and
made
up
a
most
(impress)
story
about
himself，which
made
the
interviewers
really
(impress).
答案：1.
impressive；on；by/with
impression;
impressive;
impressed
　breathe
v．呼吸
(教材原句P3)With
butterflies
in
my
stomach，I
breathed
deeply.
翻译：
[例]　After
knowing
the
result
of
the
body
examination，Jim
breathed
out
deeply.
翻译：
[知识拓展]
(1)breathe
in　
吸气
breathe
out
呼气
(2)breath
n.
呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气
take
a
deep
breath
深呼吸
out
of
breath
喘不上气
hold
one's
breath
屏住呼吸；屏息以待
(3)breathless
adj.
气喘吁吁的；上气不接下气的
【即学即练1】　单句语法填空
①The
teacher
told
him
to
breathe
deeply
and
then
began
his
speech.
②The
little
children
ran
all
the
way
and
arrived
home
out
of
(breathe).
③The
swimmer
took
a
deep
breath
and
held
his
(breathe)before
he
jumped
to
save
the
dog
in
the
river.
【即学即练2】
完成句子。
①
,
the
air
goes
into
our
lungs.
当我们呼吸时，空气进入到我们肺里。
②
while
Mr
Evans
was
reading
the
exam
result.
埃文斯老师宣布考试结果时我们屏住呼吸。
③After
we
ran
out
of
the
burning
room,
we
.
我们从着火的房间跑出来后，深呼吸了些新鲜空气。
④
,
but
went
on
running.
她很快就上气不接下气了，但仍然在坚持跑。
答案：1.When
we
breathe；
2.We
held
our
breath；
we
took
a
deep
breath
of
some
fresh
air.
She
was
soon
out
of
breath,
　panicn.惊恐，惊慌vi.&vt.(panicked，panicked，panicking)(使)惊慌
(教材原句P3)Everyone
started
laughing.I
looked
at
them
in
panic.
翻译：
[例]　The
whole
class
panicked
when
the
teacher
said
that
there
would
be
a
quiz
today.
翻译：
[知识拓展]
get
into
a
panic　
陷入惊慌
in
panic
惊慌地
【即学即练】　单句语法填空
①
She
got
into
real
panic
when
she
thought
she
had
lost
her
tickets.
②“Tommy，run！Quickly！The
house
is
on
fire！”The
mother
shouted
panic.
③When
he
heard
the
terrible
words，he
(panic)and
ran
away
quickly.
答案：1.
a;
2.
in
3.panicked
　embarrassed
adj.难堪的，尴尬的
(教材原句P3)Although
I
was
embarrassed，his
words
made
me
a
lot
more
relaxed!
翻译：
[例]　The
shy
boy
feels
embarrassed
about
speaking
English
in
public.
翻译：
[知识拓展]
be/feel
embarrassed
about
对……感到尴尬
embarrass
vt.
使尴尬，使困窘，使局促不安
embarrassing
adj.
令人尴尬的，令人难堪的
embarrassment
n.
难堪
to
one's
embarrassment
使某人尴尬的是
【即学即练1】单句语法填空
①He
was
very
(embarrass)to
hear
people
speak
so
highly
of
him.
②Having
lost
my
money，I
was
in
an
(embarrass)position.
③To
my
(embarrass)，the
interviewer
asked
me
a
very
personal
question.
答案：1.
embarrassed;
2.
embarrassing
3.embarrassment
【即学即练2】
The
look
on
the
young
man's
face
showed
that
he
felt
very
at
his
own
words.In
order
to
avoid
the
words
of
like
these，he
decided
to
make
an
apology
to
the
angry
old
man.(embarrass)
答案：embarrassed;
embarrassed;
embarrassing
;
embarrassment
　(教材原句P3)Challenges
like
this
might
sometimes
put
you
under
pressure.
翻译：
(1)challenge
n.挑战；挑战书vt.向……挑战；对……表示怀疑
[例]　When
you
face
a
challenge，you
must
believe
you
can
overcome
it
and
never
give
up.
翻译：
[知识拓展]
(1)face
a
challenge　　
面临挑战
take
up/accept
a
challenge
接受挑战
(2)challenge
sb.to
sth.
向某人挑战某事
challenge
sb.to
do
sth.
向某人挑战做某事
(3)challenger
n.
挑战者
challenging
adj.
挑战性的
【即学即练1】单句语法填空/完成句子
①Although
the
game
was
，he
himself
to
it
without
hesitation(犹豫).(challenge)
②He
was
very
confident
and
always
ready
to
take
any
challenge.
③玛丽向我挑战，要我跟她再打一场网球。
Mary
another
tennis
game.
答案：1.
challenging，challenged
2.
up;
3.
challenged
me
to
play
【即学即练2】
as
the
first
in
my
class，
Li
Hua，who
was
good
at
English，to
learn
100
new
words
by
heart
within
half
an
hour.
It
was
really
a
thing，and
he
gladly
accepted
the
．Much
to
my
happiness，I
beat
him
in
the
end.(challenge)
答案：challenger；challenged;
challenging;
challenge
(2)pressure
n．[U]心理压力，紧张；催促，强迫；[C，U]压力，压强
[例]　Her
health
becomes
poor
under
the
pressure
of
work.
翻译：
[知识拓展]
(1)under
pressure　　
在压力下
under
the
pressure
of...
在……的压力下
put/bring
pressure
on
sb.　
＝put
sb.under
pressure
给某人施加压力
blood
pressure
血压
(2)press
vi.&
vt.
按，压(使启动)；挤，推，施加压力
n报刊；新闻界
【即学即练】　单句语法填空
①He
had
to
give
up
his
favorite
work
under
the
(press)of
his
parents.
②Parents
need
to
encourage
the
kids
to
develop
their
potential(潜能)without
putting
too
much
pressure
them.
③Some
people
work
better
pressure，so
moderate(适度的)pressure
may
be
helpful.
答案：1.
pressure
2.
on
3.
under
　depend
on取决于，由……决定；依靠，信赖；指望；需要
(教材原句P3)But
it
all
depends
on
what
you
do.
翻译：
[例]　How
much
progress
you
can
get
depends
a
lot
on
your
own
effort.
翻译：
[知识拓展]
(1)depend
on
sb.to
do
sth.＝depend
on
sb./sb.'s
doing
sth.　
依靠/指望某人做某事
depend
on
it
that...
相信/指望……(it为形式宾语)
(2)It/That(all)depends.
那得看情况(而定)。(交际用语)
【即学即练】　单句语法填空
①We
shouldn't
depend
robots
too
much，for
they
were
made
to
help
humans
rather
than
replace
(替代)us.
②—The
weather
turns
out
to
be
fine.
—We
can
depend
on
that
the
goods
will
be
shipped
to
the
flooded
area
on
time.
③Tom
is
always
late
for
meeting，so
you
can't
depend
on
him
(arrive)on
time.
④—David，when
will
you
pay
a
visit
to
California?
—I
can't
decide
at
present.It
just
(depend).
答案：1.on、upon；
2.
it
3.
to
arrive
4.
depends
　calm
adj.镇静的，沉着的；(天气)无风的；(海洋)风平浪静的
vt.&
vi.(使)平静，(使)镇静
(教材原句P3)Keep
calm
and
be
prepared.
翻译：
[例]　The
skillful
young
man
can
always
keep
calm
whatever
problems
come
out.
翻译：
[知识拓展]
(1)keep/stay/remain
calm
保持镇静
(2)calm...down
使……平静(或安静、镇静)
calm
down
平静，安静，镇静
[词义辨析]　calm，quiet，still，silent
calm
“平静的，镇静的”，指天气“无风”，指海洋“风平浪静”；指人的情绪镇静、平静。
quiet
“平静的，安静的”，指没有吵闹声、噪音或内心不烦躁。
still
“静止的”，指人时侧重某人一动不动地保持一种姿势；指物时表示静止不动。
silent
“沉默的，不说话的，无声的”，指人时强调沉默不语，指环境时表示不喧闹的，无声的。
【即学即练1】　选词填空calm，quiet，still，silent
①The
most
important
thing
is
to
keep
when
we
deal
with
an
emergency.
②Please
sit
while
I
take
your
photo.
③Can't
you
keep
the
children
while
we
are
sleeping?
④You
are
the
one
witness
and
had
better
keep
about
this.
答案：1.calm；
2.
still；
3.
quiet；
4.
silent
【即学即练2】　完成句子。
①Try
to
and
just
tell
me
what
happened.
镇静点，告诉我出了什么事。
②When
he
gets
upset,
he
will
take
a
few
deep
breaths
to
.
心烦时，他会深深地吸几口气以使自己平静下来。
③We
waited
inside
until
things
．
我们待在室内等着，直到一切都恢复了平静。
答案：1.keep
calm
2.
calm
himself
down
3.calmed
down
　make
the
most
of充分利用
(教材原句P3)That
way，you'll
make
the
most
of
your
time
at
senior
high.
翻译：
[例]　The
young
lady
has
learned
to
make
the
most
of
every
chance
offered
to
her.
翻译：
[知识拓展]
make
the
best
of　
充分利用
make
use
of
利用；使用
make
good/full/little
use
of
好好/充分/未充分利用
make
up　　　　　　　　　
化妆；构成；编造
make
sense
有意义；能理解
make
out
理解；辨认出
make
a
difference
有影响；有不同
【即学即练1】　一句多译
我们做研究工作时应当充分利用因特网。
①We
should
the
Internet
when
we
do
research
work.(use)
②We
should
the
Internet
when
we
do
research
work.(best)
③We
should
the
Internet
when
we
do
research
work.(most)
答案：1.make
full
use
of；
2.
make
the
best
of
3.
make
the
most
of
【即学即练2】　完成句子。
①The
little
boy
had
no
choice
but
to
the
limited
time.
小男孩别无选择只好充分利用这有限的时间。
②There’s
a
man
standing
outside
the
window,
but
I
can’t
who
it
is.
窗外站着个人，但是辨认不出来是谁。
③I
volunteer
because
I
want
to
not
just
see
the
world,
but
in
it.　
我做志愿者是因为我不仅想看看这个世界，我还想让它变得不同。
④Young
Hill
an
excuse
to
explain
his
being
late.
年轻的希尔编造一个借口来解释自己的迟到。
答案：1.make
the
most
of
2.make
out
3.make
a
difference
4.made
up
句型精讲
【1】be
doing...when...　正在做……这时……
(教材P2)I
was
looking
at
the
photos
on
the
noticeboard
when
I
heard
a
voice
behind
me.
我正在浏览公告栏上的图片，这时听见背后有人说话。
句式分析：句中的when是并列连词，意为“就在这时”。相当于and
then或and
at
the
same
time。
[例]　We
were
sleeping
when
there
was
a
knock
at
the
door.
翻译：
[知识拓展]
when作并列连词时还常用于以下句型：
Sb.had
just
done
sth.when...
某人刚做完某事，这时(突然)……
Sb.was
about
to
do
sth.when...
某人正要做某事，这时(突然)……
Sb.was
on
the
point
of
doing
sth.when...
某人正要做某事，这时(突然)……
【即学即练】　单句语法填空
①
I
(drive)down
to
London
when
I
suddenly
found
that
I
was
on
the
wrong
road.
②Mrs.
Woo
said
that
her
husband
had
just
left
for
work
when
she
(feel)that
her
house
was
moving.
③I
was
about
to
leave
the
owner
of
the
shop
waved
at
me.
④One
day，I
was
cooking
in
the
kitchen
when
the
telephone
(ring).
答案：1.was
driving;
2.
felt
3.
when
4.
rang
特别提示
when作从属连词可引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”；还可引导让步状语从句，意为“既然；考虑到”。
e.g
When
we
got
to
the
cinema,the
film
had
been
on
for
half
an
hour.
当我们到电影院时，电影已经放映半小时了。
e.g
The
little
girl
can
tell
right
from
wrong
when（=although）she
is
only
twelve.
这个小女孩虽然只有十二岁却能分清是非。
【2】
how引导的感叹句
(教材P2)How
true
these
words
were!
这些话多真实啊！
本句是一个由how引导的感叹句。这类句型通常表示说话者的惊异、喜悦、沮丧等情绪。how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词，而what用来修饰名词或者名词短语。
常见的感叹句式：(1)How＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数(＋主语＋谓语)!How＋adj./adv.(＋主语＋谓语)!(2)What＋a/an＋(adj.＋)可数名词单数(＋主语＋谓语)!What＋(adj.＋)可数名词的复数(＋主语＋谓语)!What＋(adj.＋)不可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)!
【即学即练1】
①
cold
the
weather
today
is!
②—Can
you
come
to
a
party
on
Saturday，Peter?
—Oh,
a
pity!
I’m
already
going
out,
I’m
afraid.
③
Do
not
let
any
failures
discourage
you，for
you
can
never
tell
close
you
may
be
to
victory.
④
a
strange
plant！I’ve
never
seen
it
before.
答案：1.How；
2.what
3.
how
4.
What
【即学即练2】翻译句子
她告诉汤姆他是一个多么勇敢的男孩子。
答案：1.She
told
Tom
what
a
brave
boy
he
was.
2.She
told
Tom
how
brave
a
boy
he
was.
【3】现在分词(短语)作时间状语
(教材原句P2)Turning
around，I
saw
a
white?haired
man.
翻译：
句式分析：(1)现在分词(短语)作时间状语时，分词
的逻辑主语与句子主语
；
(2)现在分词(短语)作时间状语时，可以转换成
；
(3)现在分词(短语)作时间状语时，分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作
。
答案：1.相同；
2.时间状语从句
3.
一般同时或几乎同时发生
[例]　Opening
your
mind，you
will
find
more
ways
to
solve
the
problem.
翻译：
【即学即练】　用现在分词短语改写下列句子。
①When
he
heard
a
cry
for
help，he
rushed
out.
→
，he
rushed
out.
②After
they
had
finished
their
homework，they
went
home.
→
，they
went
home.
答案：1.Hearing
a
cry
for
help
2.
Having
finished
their
homework
【4】
too...to
do
sth.　太……而不能做某事
(教材P3)I
had
been
too
nervous
to
pay
attention
when
he
introduced
himself!
他做自我介绍时，我太紧张没怎么注意。
句式分析：too...to
do
sth.“太……而不能做某事”，此处是一个表示否定意义的句型。
e.g
The
print
is
too
small
for
me
to
read
without
glasses.
印刷字体太小，我不戴眼镜就看不清。
【知识拓展】
too后面通常接形容词或者副词。
(1)某些形容词与“too...
to...”句型连用时，too(＝
very)表示肯定的意义。这些形容词多为表示情感的词，如glad,
pleased,
surprised,
delighted,
happy,
easy,
willing,
ready,
eager,
anxious等。
e.g
I’m
too
happy
to__be__invited(invite)
to
your
birthday
party.
我太高兴了能被邀请来你的生日宴会。
(2)当在too前加上only,
but,
all,
simply或just时，“too...to”结构表示肯定意义，此时too带有赞赏的感彩。
e.g
They
are
but
too?pleased?to
hear
the?news.
他们听到这个消息，非常高兴。
(3)“too...
to...”结构和never,
not等否定副词连用时，表示肯定意义，意为“无论……也不过分，越……越好”。
e.g
You
can’t
be
too
careful
to
drive.After
all,
life
is
valuable.
开车时你再怎么小心也不为过，毕竟生命是宝贵的。
too...to...与so...that...都可用于结果状语，区别在于to后加动词原形，that后加完整的句子。
【即学即练】
一句多译
这个问题太难了我解决不了。
(1)The
problem
is
．
(2)The
problem
is
．
答案：1.
so
difficult
that
I
can’t
work
it
out
too
difficult
for
me
to
work
out
【课后练习】
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The
children
ran
out
of
the
room，
(laugh)happily.
2．The
Spring
Festival
is
our
country's
(tradition)festival.
3．I
couldn't
hide
my
(eager)to
get
back
home.
4．I
want
to
become
a
member
of
this
(organise).
5．The
police's
arrival
panicked
the
thief
running
away.
6．The
work
is
really
(challenge)so
you
must
work
hard
on
it.
7．The
gunmen
(calm)walked
away
and
escaped
in
a
waiting
car.
8．
beautiful
the
West
Lake
is!
9．I
was
(curiosity)to
find
out
what
she
had
said.
10．She
has
every
(confident)in
her
students'
abilities.
答案：1.laughing
2.
traditional
3.
eagerness
4.
organisation
5.
into
6.challenging
7.calmly
8.How
9.
curious
10.
confidence
Ⅱ.短语填空
turn
around,
keep
calm,
pay
attention
to,
depend
on,
one
by
one,
over
and
over
again,
wake
up,
in
panic,
make
the
most
of，under
pressure
1．After
hearing
the
news
the
crowd
ran
out
．
2．Money
is
neither
good
nor
bad，but
it
what
use
is
made
of
it.
3．The
students
numbered
off
from
the
left
to
the
right.
4．You
should
even
in
the
face
of
danger.
5．This
question
is
very
important
so
I
hope
all
of
you
it.
6．He
refused
to
give
the
document
up
even
．
7．I
to
see
if
anyone
was
following
me.
8．Every
student
should
what
he
has
to
achieve
what
he
wants.
9．Listen，she
is
singing
the
same
song
．
10．They
are
talking
in
a
whisper
in
order
not
to
the
sleeping
baby.
答案：1.
in
panic
2.depends
on
3.one
by
one
4.keep
calm
5.pay
attention
to
6.under
pressure
7.
turned
around
8.
make
the
most
of
9.over
and
over
again
10.
wake
up
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Meng
Hao
got
up
early
and
1.
(rush)to
his
new
school.When
he
arrived，2.
campus
was
still
quiet，so
he
decided
3.
(explore)it.When
he
was
looking
at
the
4.
(photo)on
the
noticeboard，he
met
a
white?haired
man
5.
，later，he
was
6.
(surprise)to
find
out
was
his
English
teacher.
During
the
English
class，Meng
Hao
was
nervous
about
7.
(introduce)
himself
in
front
of
the
class.Because
he
had
the
same
name
as
his
teacher，the
students
burst
out
laughing.Thanks
to
his
teacher's
words，he
felt
a
lot
more
8.
(relax).The
teacher
also
advised
everyone
to
keep
calm
and
prepare
9.
(they)for
the
unknown.
Meng
Hao
thought
he
had
a
positive
attitude
10.
his
new
school
life.
答案：1.rushed
2.
the
3.
to
explore
4.
photos
5.
who/
that
6.
surprised
introducing
8.
relaxed
9.themselves
10.
to/towards