必修4 Module 6 Unexplained Mysteries of the Natural World 语言点
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必修四
Module 6 Unexplained Mysteries of the Natural World
自然界解释不清的奥妙
语言点
Ⅰ.课标单词
1．__________袭击；攻击(vt.)
2．__________锋利的；尖的(adj.)
3．__________神秘的(adj.)
4．__________声称(vt.)
5．__________潜水(vi.)
6．__________怀疑的；不相信的(adj.)
7．__________占地(多大面积)(vt.)
8．__________适应；适合(vi.)
attack
sharp
mysterious
claim
dive
sceptical
cover
adapt
9．__________不见；消失(vi.)
10．__________绝种的；消亡了的(adj.)
11．__________凶猛的；残暴的(adj.)
12．__________有雅量的；大方的；心地高尚的(adj.)
13．__________名誉；名声(n.)
14．__________吓人的(adj.)→__________使害怕(v.)→__________害怕(n.)→__________害怕的(adj.)
disappear
extinct
fierce
generous
reputation
frightening
frighten
fright
frightened
15．__________存在(vi.)→__________存在(n.)
16．__________进化；演变(vi.)→__________(n.)
17．__________毁坏(n.)→__________(vt.)
18．________________变化莫测的(adj.)→__________可预言的(adj.)→__________(vt.)→__________预言，预报(n.)
exist
existence
evolve
evolution
destruction
destroy
unpredictable
predictable
predict
prediction
19．__________正面的(adj.)→__________反面的(adj.)
20．__________象征；暗示(vt.)→__________(n.)
21．__________身份；特性(n.)→__________辨别，确认(vt.)
22．__________运气；命运；财富(n.)→__________幸运的(adj.)→______________(adv.)→______________不幸地(adv.)
positive
negative
indicate
indication
identity
identify
fortune
fortunate
fortunately
unfortunately
Ⅱ.常用短语
1．______________________靠近
2．______________________突出；伸出
3．______________________怀疑
4．_______________________帮助弄清楚；阐明某事
5．_________________________谈正题；开门见山
get close to
stick out
be sceptical about
throw light on
come straight to the point
6．_____________________再次成为新闻
7．____________灭绝
8．____________适应
9．____________由于；因……造成
10．____________选择；喜欢
be back in the news
die out
adapt to
due to
go for
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．He claims ____________ a round black creature ________ quickly through the water.
他声称看见一个黑黑的、圆圆的动物在水中快速游动。
答案：to have seen; moving
2．They say that the low－temperature lake is ____________________ such large living creatures.
他们说，水温这样低的湖泊不可能生存有体形如此巨大的动物。
答案：unlikely to be able to support
3．Some experts believe it is ________ the animals the myths grew out of.
一些专家认为这些神话故事是由于动物而产生的。
答案：due to
Ⅳ.模块语法
1．I didn't see her in the meeting－room this morning. She ________ at the meeting.
A. mustn't have spoken B. shouldn't have spoken
C. needn't have spoken D. couldn't have spoken
答案与解析：D 本题考查could表示推测的用法。根据句意“我今天上午在会议室没见到她”，所以“她根本不可能在会上发言”。表示“过去根本不可能”用can't/ couldn't have done形式。
2．When he was there, he ________ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
A. would B. should
C. had better D. might
答案与解析：A 本题考查情态动词would的用法。would可以表示过去的习惯或意愿。句意为：“那时当他在那儿的时候，他每天下班后都会去拐角处的那个咖啡店。”
3．You ________ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.
A. needn't to come B. don't need come
C. don't need coming D. needn't come
答案与解析：D 本题考查情态动词need的用法。needn't do意为“没必要做……”。句意为：“如果你有很重要的事情要做，今天下午你就没必要来参加会议了。”
4．Sorry I'm late. I ________ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
A. might B. should
C. can D. will
答案与解析：A 本题考查might have done表推测的用法。句意：对不起，我迟到了。我(当时)兴许是关了闹钟又睡着了。might相当于may，但语气更加不肯定。
考 点 解 读
1．attack v．&n.攻击；抨击；侵袭，(疾病)发作
The soldiers attacked the enemy at night.
精讲拓展：
①make an attack on...攻击；向……进攻
②air attack空袭
③under attack受到攻击
④a heart attack心脏病突发
⑤resist the attack of抵抗……的进攻
误区警示：在under attack短语中，attack前用零冠词。
朗文在线：
①Once again we came under attack from enemy fighter planes.
我们又一次遭到敌人战斗机的袭击。
②She started attacking the burglar with a piece of wood.
她开始用一块木头猛打进屋行窃的小偷。
③A cruel disease attacked the central nervous system.
一种凶残的疾病破坏了中枢神经系统。
①We attacked the enemy at dawn.
我们在黎明时袭击敌人。
②Shall we attack the washing up
咱们动手洗碗碟好吗？
③His grandfather had a heart attack yesterday.
昨天他爷爷心脏病发作了。
提示：attract意为“吸引”，与attack形近。
The honey attracted a lot of ants.
蜂蜜吸引了很多蚂蚁。
(1)There is an article________________(抨击)the England football manager in the newspaper.
(2)The vines had been_________________(侵害)by mildew.
(3)Many American planes___________________(进行袭击)during the Iraq War.
attacking
attacked
came into attack
高考直击
(2009·山东)So sudden________that the enemy had no time to escape.
A．did the attack B．the attack did
C．was the attack D．the attack was
答案：C 本题考查倒装，so...that...，such...that..的句子结构中，若so, such 和与其所修饰的词置于句首，主句部分倒装，又因为sudden是形容词，作表语，需要将系动词提前，所以选C。
He________what he said.
A．was attacked at B．attacked by
C．attacked D．was attracted by
答案：D
2．exist vi.存在，生存，生活，继续存在
①exist as作为……而存在，以……形态存在
②exist in存在于……中
③exist on靠……生活，生存
④existence n．存在，存在物，实在物
⑤existent adj.存在的，生存的，现存的 n.存在的事物，生存者
existing adj.(置于名词前)现存的；现行的
come into existence 出现；产生
bring sth. into existence 使某物出现、产生
误区警示：exist不用于进行时态，也没有被动语态。
朗文在线：
①Do fairies really exist
真的有神仙吗？
②The custom of arranged marriages still exists in many countries.
许多国家仍然存在着包办婚姻的习俗。
③The hostages existed on bread and water for over 5 months.
人质靠面包和水生存了五个多月。
命题方向：exist in与exist on是重要考点。
活学巧练：
(1)I can hardly exist_on the wage I'm getting.(替换)________
(2)We led a happy enough____________(生活)as children.
(3)When did the world come_into_existence？(替换)__________________
(4)There is nothing___________________________(存在的)that is unchanging.
live on
existence
come into being
in existence/existing
(5)Jack doesn't believe in the ________ of God.
A. life B. exist
C. existence D. exhibition
答案与解析：C 句意：杰克不相信上帝的存在。existence存在，符合句意。
3．claim vt.(根据权利)要求；认领；声称n.(根据权利而提出的)要求；索赔；(对某事物的)权利；主张
She claimed ownership of the land.
精讲拓展：
①. claim for sth.索赔
②. claim sth. back索回事物
④. claim sth.要求/认领某物
⑤. lay claim to声称对……有权利
误区警示：claim 不可接动名词作宾语。
朗文在线：
①They put in a claim on the insurance for the stolen luggage.
他们在行李被偷后向保险公司提出索赔要求。
②She claims to be a descendant of Charles Dickens.
她宣称自己是查尔斯·狄更斯的后裔。
命题方向：claim to do及that从句是重要考点。
活学巧练：
(1)They________(要求)the reward.
(2)The lawyer________(声称)(that)the defendant was not guilty.
(3)The government's________(断言)that the factory waste had killed the fish was correct.
(4)They__________________(要求)higher pay.
claimed
claimed
claim
make a claim for
易混辨析
claim，declare，announce
claim 指通常并没有证据的宣称。
declare 一般指在正式场合宣布官方的立场或态度等。
announce 泛指宣布某一消息或某事；预示着……的到来。
①He claimed to have paid.
②The U．S. declared_war on England in 1812.
③Everyone was silent as he announced the list.
即境活用
1．Every citizen in a democratic country may________the protection of the law.
A．declare B．claim
C．ask D．announce
解析：选B。句意为“民主国家的每一位公民都可以要求法律的保护”。claim(根据权利)对……提出要求；declare断言，宣称；announce宣布，宣告，发表。
★2.When I was a child，fishermen and sailors sometimes ________to have seen monsters in the sea.
A．appeared B．published
C．claimed D．happened
解析：选C。句意是：当我还是个小孩子的时候，渔夫和水手有时声称看到过海里的妖怪。此句要用claimed表示“声称”。
(5)You may be my sister, but that doesn't mean you have any ________ on me.
A. claims B. intervals
C. justice D. extension
答案与解析：A have a claim on“对……有要求权”。interval“间隔，距离”；justice“正义”；extension“扩大；分机号码”。
4．adapt v．(使)适应；改编
精讲拓展：
①adapt A for B 为……改编/改写
②adapt A from B 根据……而改编
③adapt oneself to sth. 使自己适应或习惯于某事
④adapt sth. to 使某事物适应或适合
⑤adapt to sth. 适应于某事
⑥be well adapted to特别适应于……
朗文在线：
①When he moved to Canada, the children adapted to the change very well.
他移民加拿大后孩子们很能适应变化。
②Here is a letter adapted from one of the students.
这里摘登一封学生的回信。
活学巧练：
(1)These books_____________for middle school students.
这些书是为适应中学生而改写的。
(2)He could not_________his way of living to the company.
他的生活方式不能适应公司的要求。
are adapted
adapt
知识链接：
“适应”的表达方式还有：apply to, accommodate to,relate to，adjust to.
辨析：adapt, adjust, fit, suit, match
五者都含有“适合”“适应”的意思。
1)adapt指“修改或改变以适应新条件”。
You should adapt yourself to the new environment.
你应该适应新环境。
2)adjust指“调整”“调节”使之适应。
You can't see through the telescope until it is adjusted_to your eyes.
你把望远镜调节到适合你的目光之后，你才看得见。
3)fit多指“大小(尺寸)适合”，引申为“吻合”。
The shoes fit me well.
这鞋我穿正好。
4)suit多指“合乎要求、口味、性格、情况”。
No dish suits all tastes.
众口难调。
5)match指“大小、色调、形状、性质等相配或相称”。
A red jacket doesn't match green trousers.
红上衣与绿裤子不相配。
高考直击
(2009·浙江)The good thing about children is that they ________ very easily to new environments.
A．adapt B．appeal
C．attach D．apply
答案：A 考查动词词义辨析。adapt 适应；appeal吸引，呼吁；attach吸附；apply 申请。句意：孩子有件好处就是他们很容易适应新的环境。故选A。
即学即用
He can't________the idea of having a woman as his boss.
A．meet with B．adapt to
C．adapt D．go on with
答案：B
(3)(2006·南通调研) Distance learning is being ________ in several countries to help children in remote rural schools obtain higher education.
A. attended B. adopted
C. adapted D. admitted
答案与解析：B 此处指“远程教育正被采用”。adopt“采用、采纳”；attend“出席”；adapt“适应”；admit“承认”。
5．indicate vt. (1)指出，指示；(2)表明，示意；(3)是……的征兆，是……的迹象
①indicate sth. 象征，表明，标志
②indicate sth. to sb. 向某人指出……；向某人表示……
③indicate that...示意……；预示……
④indicate＋ wh－从句 表明……；指出……
⑤indication n．表明，显示，象征
⑥indicative adj. (of sth.)陈述的；指示的
⑦indicator n．指示信号；标志；迹像；指示器；指针
朗文在线：
①The symbols indicate different groups of sounds.
这些符号表示不同的音群。
②Reports indicated that over thirteen people died in the storm.
报告表明超过13人在暴风雨中丧生。
③Yesterday's win indicated the U．S. team's talent.
昨天的胜利表明了美国队的实力。
①The light above the elevator indicated that the elevator was then at the fifteenth floor.
电梯上方的灯指示那时电梯在十五楼。
②There are indications that the weather is changing. 有好些迹象显示天气要变了。
注意：indicate后接双宾语时，sb.前需加介词to，即：indicate sth. to sb.，而不可说成indicate sb. sth.。
With a nod of his head he indicated_to me where I should sit.
他点头示意我应坐的地方。
高考直击
(2009·浙江)There is a great deal of evidence ________that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
A．indicate B．indicating
C．to indicate D．to be indicating
答案：B 考查非谓语动词作定语。indicating that...＝which indicates that...。
即学即用
The black clouds________that it will rain soon.
A．tell B．indicate
C．are indicated D．indicated
答案：B
活学巧练：
(2009·辽宁省光明中学模拟)The shortage of teachers in less developed areas seems to ________ that teaching there offers ________ chance of advancement or pay increases.
A. show; few B. indicate; little
C. suggest; a few D. express; a little
答案与解析：B 根据语境，由the shortage of teachers判断第二空为否定的推断，故用little chance of...，由此推断第一空用indicate表示“预示着，表明”。
2. fortune n． 运气；命运；财富
(回归课本P59)So the Chinese dragon was a bringer of good fortune.
因此，中国龙能带来好运气。
[同]lucky
[反]unfortunate
have the fortune(luck)to do sth. 幸好(幸运)……
receive a large fortune 得到一大笔财产
例句探源
①He won the game by good fortune.
他靠运气赢得了比赛。
②These two brothers decided to go to America to seek their fortunes.
这兄弟俩决定去美国寻找致富之路。
③Many people went to cities to make their fortune.
为了发财，很多人都去了城里。
④He’s fortunate in having a good job，since business is bad nowadays.
他有一份好工作真幸运，因为近来生意不好做。
即学即用
Many people went to Shenzhen to________a fortune.
A．find B．search
C．make D．receive
答案：C
3．I have had the good________to work with some experts.
A．worth B．fortune
C．wealth D．reputation
解析：选B。该处强调与专家一起工作是幸运的。worth“价值，财产”；wealth“财富，财产”；reputation“名誉”。
3 . reputation n． 名誉；名声；声望；荣誉，信誉
(回归课本P59)But in the west，dragons had a different reputation.
但是在西方，龙有着截然不同的名声。
归纳总结
例句探源
①(朗文P1674)Martin lived up to his reputation and arrived late.
马丁果然不出所料，姗姗来迟。
②(朗文P1674)His approach had won him a reputation as a tough manager.
作为经理，他的办事方法使他以强硬著称。
③The restaurant has a good reputation.
这家餐馆名声很好。
即境活用
★4.I am surprised that a company with such good________would produce such poor quality goods.
A．translation
B．reputation
C．population
D．evolution
解析：选B。句意是：拥有那样一个好的声誉的公司竟然生产出那样低劣的产品，我真是感到惊奇。translation翻译；reputation声誉；population人口；evolution进化。
5．(2010年南京市模拟)The girl has no________at all.She is still trying to please her boyfriend，even though he is so cold.
A．character B．reputation
C．dignity D．figure
解析：选C。考查名词辨析。句意“这个女孩没有尊严可言。她还是想讨好她的男朋友，尽管他是那么冷淡。”character“性格”；reputation“名声”；figure“身材”。
6 due to 由于；因……造成；应给的；即将的；预期做
(回归课本P59)Some experts believe it is due to the animals the myths grew out of.
一些专家认为这是由这些神话产生的动物造成的。
归纳总结
in due course在适当时期；最终
误区警示：due to意为“由于；起因于；归功于”。在句中常常做表语或后置定语，但不可放于句首。
朗文在线：
①The company's problems are due to a mixture of bad luck and poor management.
该公司的问题出在运气不佳以及管理不善两个方面。
②The meeting isn't due to start until three.
会议预定要到3点钟才开始。
③Treat him with the respect that is due to a world champion.
要以一个世界冠军应享有的尊重去对待他。
④I'm due for a pay rise soon.
不久就该给我加工资了。
命题方向：due to常与owing to, because of等放在一起进行辨析考查。
即境活用
9．Accidents________driving at high speed were very common that weekend.
A．because of B．owing to
C．thanks to D．due to
解析：选D。句意“那个周末因高速驾驶而造成的事故很普遍。”
★10.The next train to London is________to arrive at 4 o’clock.
A．owing B．due
C．possible D．thanks
解析：选B。be due to do“预定要做”。句意“下一趟火车预定四点到达伦敦。”
This year the white ducks are no longer lovely in locals' eyes, ________ their fear of bird flu.
A．except for B．due to
C．in case of D．instead of
答案与解析：B 后半句解释前半句的原因，due to“因为，由于”，引导原因状语。except for“除了……”；in case of“以防万一”；instead of“代替”，均不符合语境。
4. die out 灭绝；逐渐消失
(回归课本P56)Perhaps too much fighting caused the dinosaurs to die out.
或许是因为太多的争斗使恐龙灭绝了。
精讲拓展：
①die away消逝，平息，静下来
②die down平息；熄灭，渐渐平息
③die for 迫切需要；为……而死
④die off 相继死去，先后死去
⑤be dying to do sth.极想做……；be dying for很想要；渴望
⑥die of/from 因……而死
例句探源
①(朗文P559)If the ocean becomes too salty, certain types of marine life die out.
如果海水盐分太大，一些海洋物种就会灭绝。
②Many old customs are gradually dying out.
许多旧习俗都在日渐消失。
③The music died away as we closed the door.
由于我们关上门了，音乐声变弱了。
④The animals are dying off because of the destruction of the forests.
由于森林被破坏，动物在逐渐死去。
⑤The storm has died down.
暴风雨已渐渐停了。
即境活用
6．If too many of these rare animals are killed，their species will die________.
A．away B．off
C．out D．down
解析：选C。句意“如果这些稀有动物过多地被杀，这些物种将会灭绝。”
7．(2010年湖北天门中学模拟)On the Eve of the Spring Festival，we Chinese people like to play with fireworks，and the noise doesn’t________until after midnight.
A．die away B．die off
C．die out D．die down
解析：选D。考查动词短语。“在除夕夜，我们中国人喜欢燃放烟花，鞭炮声就是过了半夜也不会减弱。”
As a UN report warns, animals ________ at a speed 100 times faster now than any time in the past since the dinosaurs were wiped out.
A．are dying out B．have died out
C．were dying out D．had died out
答案与解析：A 此题是对时态的考查。主句用的是现在时，从句用现在进行时表示即将发生的事。
1．be related to 和……有联系；和……有关
知识拓展
relate A to(with)B 把A和B联系起来
relate to sth. 和……有关
in/with relation to 关系到；与……相比
be related to sb./sth. 与某人/某物有关
have relations with sb. 与某人有利害关系
链接：relation n. 关系；联系；亲戚
related adj. 讲述的；相关的
relative adj. 相对的；成比例的
relationship n. 关系
即学即用
Listen carefully. This question is closely related______the one to be discussed.
A．with B．to C．at D．on
答案：B
8．throw light on 帮助弄清楚，阐明某事物
精讲拓展：
①come to light 为人所知，暴露
②see the light 终于领悟；最后接受
③bring sth. to light 揭露，公布于世
④cast light on＝throw light on 阐明某事物
⑤in the light of 考虑到，鉴于
⑥make light of 轻视
⑦light up点燃；放光彩
朗文在线：
①He promised to throw more light on his new plan.
他答应对他的新计划解说得更清楚些。
②Can you throw any light on the problem
你能把这个问题阐述清楚吗？
活学巧练：
He decided to make further improvements on the computer's design ________ the light of the requirements of customers.
A．on B．for
C．in D．with
答案与解析：C in the light of为固定短语“鉴于”。
9．come straight to the point谈正题，开门见山
He never beats about the drum; he likes coming straight to the point.
他从不绕弯子，他喜欢开门见山。
精讲拓展：
①to the point 切题，中肯
②get to the point切题
③beside/off the point 离题
④on the point of doing sth. 正要做
⑤up to a point 在某种程度上
⑥make a point of doing sth. 保证做……
⑦more to the point 更为重要的是
⑧There is no point in doing sth. 做……没有用
⑨when it comes/came to the point 到了关键时刻
⑩point sth. at 瞄准
point at/to 指向
point out 指出
朗文在线：
①I wish you would come straight to the point.
我希望你能切入正题。
②The letter was short and to the point.
这封信简短而切中主题。
③Your criticism is off the point.
你的批评离题。
活学巧练：
(1)(2009·吉林测试)We were just ________calling you up ________ you came in.
A. about; when
B. on the point of; while
C. on the point of; when
D. on the point of; as
答案与解析：C on the point of doing...when...“正当做……这时……”，为一固定句式。
(2)—Oh, my God ! It' s a sea of cars. How can you ________ your car
—That's easy. Mine is colored differently from any other one.
A. find out B. point out
C. take out D. get out
答案与解析：B find out“查出真相或结果”；point out“指出”；take out和get out都有“拿出”的意思。
即境活用
8．The police have been looking into the case and recent investigations have________how the two men died.
A．thrown light on
B．had an effect on
C．turned a blind eye to
D．come to the point
解析：选A。句意是：警方一直在调查这起案件，最近的调查已经弄清楚了这两个人是如何死的。此句要用throw light on表示“阐明某事，弄清楚……”。B项“对……有影响”；C项“对……视而不见”；D项“谈正题”。
句型巧析
1【教材原句】 He claims to have seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water.(P52)
他声称看见一个黑黑的、圆圆的动物在水中快速游动。
【句法分析】 本句中的to have seen是动词不定式的完成形式，表示动作发生在句子谓语动词claim之前。
不定式的时态有三种：
(1)不定式的一般式：to do。表示与谓语动词同一时间发生或动作发生在谓语动词之后。
(2)不定式的进行式：to be doing。表示与谓语动词同一时间发生，并且动作正在进行。
(3)不定式的完成式：to have done。表示发生在谓语动词之前。
①The teacher seemed to have known about it.老师好像已经知道这件事了。
②I consider it a pity for you not to have attended our party.
我认为你没参加我们的聚会真是遗憾。
③There is said to have been many people waiting to see him when he arrived.(＝It’s said that there had been...)
据说他到达的时候已经有很多人在等着见他了。
④They seem/appear to have known the fact.(＝It seems/appears that they have known the fact.)他们好像已经知道了真相。
即境活用
11．To our surprise，the painting considered________should have won the prize.
A．being copied B．having been copied
C．to have copied D．to have been copied
解析：选D。considered是过去分词作定语修饰the painting。consider后面要求接不定式作宾(主)补，故可排除A和B。the painting和copy之间存在被动的关系，且copy动作发生在consider之前，故答案为D。此句意为“令我们吃惊的是，那幅被认为是抄袭的绘画作品竟获了奖。”
★12.AIDS is said________the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.
A．that it is B．to be
C．that it has been D．to have been
解析：选D。根据后面的时间状语over the past few years知，此处用完成式。sb.be said to do表示“……据说做某事”的意思。
2【教材原句】 They say that the low temperature lake is unlikely to be able to support such large living creatures.(P52)
他们说，水温这样低的湖泊不可能生存有体形如此巨大的动物。
【句法分析】 (1)本句可以转化为：They say that it is unlikely that the low temperature lake is able to support such large living creatures.
(2) 本句使用了be unlikely to do sth.这一结构，它的用法等同于be likely to do sth.。主要有下述用法：
主语(具体人/物)＋be (un)likely to do sth.
It(形式主语)＋be (un)likely to do sth.
It(形式主语)＋be (un)likely＋that clause
【注意】 likely与unlikely不能用于It’s likely/unlikely for sb.to do sth.，而possible与probable是可以用于It’s possible/probable/impossible for sb.to do sth.。另外，(be)possible与(be)probable的主语不能是具体的某人或某物。
①Look at the clouds！It’s likely to rain.
看那些乌云！天可能要下雨。
②It’s too late.He is unlikely to come.
太晚了。他不可能来了。
③It’s likely that we will beat them since we have practiced a lot.
因为我们做了大量练习，很可能我们会打败他们。
④He is ill seriously so that it’s unlikely that he will attend the party.
他病得很严重所以他不可能参加这个晚会。
即境活用
★13.—Did you look up the time of trains to Shanghai
—Yes，the earliest train is________to leave at 5∶30 a．m..
A．likely B．about
C．possible D．due
解析：选D。be due to do意为“应该……/预期的”；be about to do不和时间状语连用；possible主语应为it；而likely与句意不符。
活学巧练：
(1)What do you enjoy most ________ (kill) time in the summer holidays
(2)It is silly of me ________ (put) all eggs in one basket. That was the worst mistake I've ever made.
(3)He seemed ___________ (write) when I came in.
to kill
to have put
to be writing
14．(2010年高考陕西卷)Studies show that people are more________to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.
A．likely B．possible
C．probable D．sure
解析：选A。句意：研究表明如果总是长时间地坐在电脑屏幕前，人们的背部很有可能会出现毛病。本题考查表示“可能性”的三个形容词possible，probable，likely在搭配上的区别：
①It is possible/probable/likely that从句；
②It is possible for sb.to do sth.；
③Sb./Sth.is likely to do sth.；
综上所述，正确答案为A项。
3．There have been reports of monsters in Lake Tianchi since the beginning of the last century, although no one has seen one close up.
尽管没人在近前看过，但是自从上个世纪初就有关于天池怪物的报道了。
知识拓展
there be结构的现在完成时，其中谓语动词按就近原则。此外还有there be的其他变式结构。例如： There used to be/There might have been/There may be...
1)There be中的be可以换成exist, live, stand, lie, come, sit, rush等词。
2)以there引起的句式结构除上述以外还有下列几种：
即学即用
Don't expect________another chance for you!
A．there being B．there to be
C．to be D．being
答案：B
11．情态动词的用法
1．表示对现在情况的推断
(1)may/might＋v.也许……
He may be a doctor.
She may/might lose her way if she doesn't take a map.
They might/may know Japanese.
(2)may/might not＋v.也许不……
He may/might not know where we live.
(3)can't＋v.不可能(can表可能性，只用在疑问和否定句中)
He can't be a teacher.
She can't know Japanese.
(4)must＋v.一定……
He must be a doctor.
She must know Japanese.
注意：表示“不可能”不可用must not，因为must not只表示“不许，禁止”之意。在需要时，“不可能”用can't。
2．表示对过去情况的推断
(1)must＋have＋过去分词，表示对过去的某事做出的肯定判断。
I posted a book to her three weeks ago. She must have received it.
三周前我邮给她一本书，她一定已经收到了。
(2)can't/couldn't have＋过去分词，表示对过去已发生的事情进行否定推测。
She can't have been to your house. She doesn't know your address.
她不可能去过你家，她不知道你的地址。
(3)can/could have＋过去分词，表示对过去已发生的事情进行推断，常用于疑问句或否定句中。
She can't/couldn't have gone to school.—It's Sunday.
她不可能去学校——今天是周日。
注意：could have＋过去分词，也可表示过去某事本可能发生，但是却没有发生。
The snowstorm was terrible that day. You could have lost your way.
那天暴风雪是可怕的，你有可能迷路了。(事实上没有迷路)
(4)may/might have＋过去分词，表示对过去已发生的事进行推测判断，一般只用于肯定或否定句中(疑问句中用can或could), may/might的意思是“可能”“或许”may/might not的意思是“可能不(没有)”。
Nobody stopped him; he might have been a passenger's child.
没人制止他，他或许是一个旅客的孩子。
It's no use going to his house. He may not have gone home; he may have gone somewhere else.
去他家没用，他可能没回家，可能去别的地方了。
注意：might have＋过去分词可用来表示过去可能发生而没有发生的事情。
You were so careless that day. You might have made a bad mistake.
那天你太粗心了，你有可能犯错误的。(事实上并没犯错)
(5)should/ought to have＋过去分词，表示过去本应该发生而实际上并未发生的事，含有自责或责备的语气。
You should/ought to have asked for my permission.
你本应征求我的同意。(事实上并没请求准许)
You shouldn't/oughtn't to have kept the books in the damp place.
你本不应该把书放在潮湿的地方。(实际上已存放在潮湿的地方了)
(6)needn't have＋过去分词，表示本来不必做某事而实际已经做了某事，常见其否定式，强调“不必要”。
You needn't have woken me up. I don't have to go to work today.
你本不必叫醒我，今天我不上班。
活学巧练：
(1)—Is Jack on duty today
—It________be him. It's his turn tomorrow.
A．mustn't B．won't
C．can't D．needn't
答案：C
(2)—There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
—It________a comfortable journey.
A．can't be B．shouldn't be
C．mustn't have been D．couldn't have been
答案：D
(3)—Could I have a word with you, mum
—Oh, dear, if you________.
A．can B．must
C．may D．should
答案：B
(4)—There is a lot of smoke coming out of the teaching－building there.
—Really It________be a fire, most probably.
A．can B．ought to
C．have to D．must
答案：B
(5)—Do you still remember when we went to Chongqing
—I can't remember now, but________sometime last summer
A．could it be
B．might it be
C．could it have been
D．should it have been
答案：C
(6)(2009·山东东营一中测试)Jack________yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.
A．mustn't have arrived
B．shouldn't have arrived
C．can't have arrived
D．need not have arrived
答案：C
考 题 演 练
1.We are invited to a party ________ in our club next Friday.
A. to be held B. held
C. being held D. holding
答案与解析：A 本题考查不定式短语作后置定语。解答这类题时，一定要弄清非谓语动词和被修饰词之间的逻辑关系。party和hold之间是被动关系，由句中的时间状语next Friday可知应用表示将来的不定式短语to be held作后置定语。
2．What do you mean, there are only ten tickets There ________ be twelve.
A. should B. would
C. will D. shall
答案与解析：A 本题考查情态动词，这是高考的一个重点也是难点。希望同学们在复习时牢记并熟练运用，分清它们之间的区别。句意：你什么意思？只有10张票吗？应该是12张。should表示可能性推测，意为“应该”，符合题意。would表过去将来；will表意愿；shall表示一种语气，均不合题意。
3．As a new diplomat, he often thinks of ________ he can react more appropriately on such occasions.
A. what B. which
C. that D. how
答案与解析：D 考查状语从句的用法。句意：作为一个外交官，他总是考虑如何能够更适当地在这些场合下做出反应。
4．One of the few things you ________ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.
A. need B. must
C. should D. can
答案与解析：D 本题考查情态动词的用法。句意：你能够确切地说出的有关说英语的人们的为数不多的其中一件事情就是他们对天气讨论很多。can表示“可以”。
5．Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for ________ building.
A. respect
B. friendship
C. reputation
D. character
答案与解析：D 本题考查名词词义辨析。要正确解答本类题目，就要找出与该名词相搭配的一些短语。respect尊重；方面；friendship友谊；reputation名声；character性格，品格。句意：独自远足可能是一件有趣的事，也是对健康有好处的事。它还有利于一个人品格的培养。build培养，发展(思想、品格等)。
7．I like Mr. Miner's speech; it was clear and ________ the point.
A. at B. on
C. to D. of
答案与解析：C 考查介词的用法。to the point“中肯，切题”。
6．She ________ have left school, for her bike is still here.
A. can't B. wouldn't
C. shouldn't D. needn't
答案与解析：A “情态动词＋have done”结构为高考考查的重点，要牢记“各个情态动词＋have done”表示的意义及其用法。句意：她不可能离开了学校，因为她的自行车仍然在这儿。can't表示不可能；wouldn't have done表虚拟；shouldn't have done本不该做(却已做了)；needn't have done本没必要做(但已做了)。
8．What's the ________ of having a public open space where you can't eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while
A. sense B. matter
C. case D. opinion
答案与解析：A 本题结合语境考查名词词义辨析。本题所设的语境是：在不吃、不喝、不动的情况下是什么感觉？sense感觉；matter问题，麻烦；case情况，问题；opinion意见，看法。四个选项中只有A项符合语境。
写作技能培训
句式变换
1．非谓语和从句的变换
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词。使用非谓语动词可以在有限的空间内容纳更多的信息，使句子结构紧凑、逻辑严谨。
【佳句选粹1】
【原文】 【优化】
It must be realized that people should be cautious when they decide which books they should choose to read since if they read bad books，it will be time wasting and harmful. It must be realized that people should be cautious deciding which books they should choose to read since reading bad books is time wasting and harmful.
【分析】 把“when they decide”改为“deciding”，if 条件从句改为动名词短语作主语，句子结构变得更加紧凑，简洁明了。
【佳句选粹2】
【原文】 【优化】
Because I was ill，I didn’t go to the party.The party was organized by my classmates yesterday. Being ill，I didn’t go to the party which was organized by my classmates yesterday.
【分析】 把原句中的原因状语从句用分词的形式变换，又用了个定语从句把两个句子连起来，使得句子更紧凑，更严谨。
2.强调句的变换
写作中，常使用强调句来达到突出重点的目的。强调句的基本结构是：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分。另外，英语中还经常使用助动词do/does/did对谓语动词进行强调。
【原文】 【优化】
I met a friend of mine in the street yesterday. It was in the street that I met a friend of mine yesterday.
【分析】 改成强调句后，强调说明是“in the street”而不是别的地方，句意的表达更加有力。
【佳句选粹1】
【佳句选粹2】
【原文】 【优化】
We should be careful when we cross the street. Do be careful when we cross the street.
【分析】 改成强调句后，语气增强了，句意的表达更加有力，可翻译为“过马路时务必要小心”。
3.倒装句的变换
句子成分在句子中都有一定的位置，但有时可以把某些句子成分前后倒置，以达到突出强调的目的或起到某种修饰作用。
英语中倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装。部分倒装在写作中比较常用，经常由否定词提前或“only＋状语”提前引起。
【原文】 【优化】
Everyone knows that we are busy all day.We know seldom what is happening both at home and abroad，let alone what we can do for our country. Everyone knows that we are busy all day.Seldom do we know what is happening both at home and abroad，let alone what we can do for our country.
【分析】 “seldom”位于句首，引起部分倒装，突出了现在时态，句意表达更有力。
【佳句选粹】
Module 6 Unexplained Mysteries
of the Natural World
课时能力提升
Ⅰ.根据句意，用所给单词的适当形式填空
likely exist predict disappear mystery reputation
identity fierce generous evolve
1．He is interested in the________of the computer over the past 20 years.
答案：evolution
2．His father died of a ________disease.
答案：mysterious
3．The________of the killer was still unknown.
答案：identity
4．The wind was blowing________outside.
答案：fiercely
5．She has already begun to establish a ________as a good writer.
答案：reputation
6．Her sudden________was very worrying.
答案：disappearance
7．Mary might come this evening, but it is very________.
答案：unlikely
8．The weather in this area is very________.
答案：unpredictable
9．I'd like to thank Simon, who's been very________with his time.
答案：generous
10．Peter acts as if I don't________at times.
答案：exist
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．“ Rain is ________ in all parts of the country today”， weather report says.
A．alike B．probable
C．likely D．possible
答案与解析：B 由题中的weather report says可知下雨的可能性很大，而在选项中probable表示可能性最大。
2．If you don't follow the teacher's advice, you are ________ to waste more time on the problem.
A．likely B．probable
C．possible D．probably
答案与解析：A 句中要填的单词作表语，因此，用形容词，这样可以排除B、D项。likely是形容词，可用动作的发出者作主语；possible和probable尽管是形容词，但它们不能用动作的发出者作主语，句中常用it作主语。
3．The ________ girl sat in the corner, ________.
A．frightening; crying
B．frightening; to cry
C．frightened; crying
D．frightened; to cry
答案与解析：C frightened“感到害怕的”，在此作定语，而crying在句子中作伴随或方式状语。
4．He ________ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn't be enjoying himself by the seaside.
A．should B．must
C．wouldn't D．can't
答案与解析：B “must have＋动词－ed形式”表示对过去发生的事的肯定判断，意思是“(过去)一定做过某事”。
5．—Do you know where David is I couldn't find him anywhere.
—Well. He ________ have gone far—his coat's still here.
A．shouldn't B．mustn't
C．can't D．wouldn't
答案与解析：C 根据“他的衣服还在这里”推测，后一句意思是“他肯定没有走远”。must也可以表示推测，但是mustn't的意思则是“禁止，不准”，推测否定的事情用can't。
6．I have lost one of my gloves. I ________ it somewhere.
A．must drop
B．must have dropped
C．must be dropping
D．must have been dropped
答案与解析：B “must have＋动词－ed形式”表示对过去发生的事的肯定判断，意思是“(过去)一定做过某事”。
7．I ________ him very well, but I haven't seen him this week.
A．have known B．had known
C．know D．knew
答案与解析：C 此题考查动词时态。从后面的句子可知，第一句强调当前的状态，要用一般现在时。这句话的意思是：“我很了解他，但我这周一直没见到他。”
8．—Did you listen to the speech
—No，we________it. But we had a lot of traffic on our way.
A．could have attended
B．must have attended
C．could attend
D．shouldn't have attended
答案与解析：A 该题考查的是虚拟语气，表示“本能……”是与过去事实相反，要用could＋have done形式。
9．The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ________ the desert.
A．covering B．covered
C．cover D．to cover
答案与解析：A blanket和cover是主动关系，故用现在分词。
10．Some aspects of a pilot's job ________ be boring, and pilotsoften ________ work at inconvenient hours.
A．can; have to B．may; can
C．have to; may D．ought to; must
答案与解析：A 此处can表示一时的可能性，have to表示“不得不”。
11．The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I ________ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.
A．should have taken
B．could have taken
C．needn't have taken
D．mustn't have taken
答案与解析：C needn't have done sth.表示做了原本不必做的事。
12．—May I smoke here
—If you ________， choose a seat in the smoking section.
A．should B．could
C．may D．must
答案与解析：D 理解句意可判断答案是D项：must “一定；非得；偏要”。
13．Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to ________ a good researcher.
A．make B．turn
C．get D．grow
答案与解析：A 理解句意并注意四个选项的辨析可判断答案是A项：make“变成，成为”。
14．The performer was waving his stick in the street and it ________ missed the child standing nearby.
A．narrowly B．nearly
C．hardly D．closely
答案与解析：A 句意是“表演者在街上不住地挥舞着他的拐杖，拐杖差一点打中站在旁边的孩子”。理解句意可判断答案是A项：narrowly “勉强地，仅仅”。
15．You'll find this dictionary ________ great use for helping you to study English.
A．of B．with
C．for D．by
答案与解析：A “of＋抽象名词”表属性，在句子中作宾语补足语。
Ⅲ.翻译句子
1．他们还认为，在世界其他地方的湖泊里也有许多类似的生物。
答案：They also think that there might be similar creatures in other lakes in the world.
2．没有人看清楚过这个怪物。
答案：No one really got a clear look at the mysterious creature.
3．它海拔2, 189米，占地约10平方公里。
答案：It is 2, 189 metres high and covers an area of about ten square kilometres.
4. I think your food is generally speaking, cold while ours is, generally speaking again, cooked and you eat a lot of frozen food.
答案：我认为你们的食物总的来说是冷食，而我们的食物总的来说是熟食。并且，你们吃很多冷冻食品。
5. It would have been difficult to find a happier child than I was as I lay in my bed at the close of the important day and for the first time longed for a new day to come.
答案：当这重要的一天就要结束，我躺在自己的小床上时，恐怕很难找出比我更快乐的孩子了，我生平第一次渴望着新一天的来临。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
A volcanic eruption in Iceland has sent ash across northern Europe. Airlines have stopped or changed the flights across the Atlantic Ocean, leaving hundreds of passengers stuck in airports.
Grimsvotn is one of the largest and most active volcanoes in Europe. What makes Grimsvotn different is that it lies under a huge glacier(冰川) of ice up to 12 meters thick. The hot volcano heats up the ice above it，which then forms a layer(层) of water between the glacier and the volcano. This layer of water puts pressure on the volcano, keeping it stable. As the water flows out from under the glacier, the pressure lifts. The lava(岩浆) from the volcano then comes up to the surface. This is exactly what happened today.
Now, airlines have to make changes to their flights so as not to fly through the clouds of volcanic ash. According to KLM, one of Europe's biggest airlines, airplanes cannot go under the cloud or over it. Going through the cloud can result in ash getting stuck in the airplane's engines, causing damage to the plane.
The eruption has also caused problems for animals in Iceland. The volcano left ash and sharp, glass－like rocks all over the countryside. Farmers are keeping their animals inside to stop them from eating ash－covered grass or the sharp objects.
1．What makes Grimsvotn different from other volcanoes
A. It is below ice.
B. It lies under the sea.
C. It is the largest volcano.
D. Its lava affects the airlines.
答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句话What makes Grimsvotn different is that it lies under a huge glacier of ice up to 12 meters thick.可知，Grimsvotn是在冰层下面的火山。
2．What keeps Grimsvotn still
A. The slow flow of water.
B. The low water temperature.
C. The thick glacier.
D. The water pressure.
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的This layer of water puts pressure on the volcano, keeping it stable.可知，是水的压力使得火山平静。
3．Which of the following is the result of the volcanic eruption
A. People stop traveling in Europe.
B. Airlines suffer from the loss of planes.
C. It becomes dangerous for animals to eat outside.
D. Farmers have lost many of their animals.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。A项表述与文中叙述的飞机改变航线不符；B项表述与第一段第二句话意义不符；C项表述与文中最后一段的第一句话内容相符，故为正确答案；D项内容文中没有涉及。
4．This text is most probably taken from ________.
A. a research paper B. a newspaper report
C. a class presentation D. a geography textbook
答案与解析：B 文章出处推断题。本文是一篇科普短文，讲述了冰岛发生的一次火山喷发的原因及其对航班、动物等的影响。从文字表述形式看，应该是一篇新闻报道，而不是地理教材内容，它更多的是以旁观者的语气来讲述整个事件的。
B
Celebrities need thick skin to avoid tragic end
THE death of Choi Jin－sil has brought fresh attention to the vulnerability of Korean entertainment celebrities.
Choi, 39, was one of South Korea's best－known actresses. She was found dead last Thursday in the bathroom of her apartment. Police concluded it was suicide.
The tragic news came on the heels of a spate of suicides of entertainers in that country over recent years. While Choi's death was attributed to online character assassination, it raises questions about why Korean celebrities are so vulnerable psychologically.
Rumor－mongering
One reason could be the over－protection of the preblogging era. Movie stars surrounded themselves with an entourage(个人顾问), which served as a shield against the outside world.
Once anything－goes world of the Internet arrived, with its ill rumor－spreading, they were much less able to protect themselves.
The incident inevitably reminds us of Lily Yuen (Ruan Lingyu), the Chinese actress who killed herself in 1935 at the age of 25. She had made 29 movies and firmly established herself as China's most talented film actress.
It is generally believed that she was “killed” by what others were saying about her.
There are people who believe that because you are famous they can say anything they want about you. To be a celebrity, you must be willing to accept a lot of criticism. One should not be depressed by bad words, just as one should not be carried away by praise.
It is not easy for a person to achieve this kind of inde pendence. And it seems that female stars in South Korea are prone to emotional collapse. Maybe they should develop a sense of humor as a defense mechanism and just laugh off public rumors.
5. Choi Jin－sil's suicide may have been caused by ________.
A. over－protection B. love
C. drug－taking D. Internet rumors
答案与解析：D 细节考查题。依据是第一部分第三段。Choi的自杀被认为是由网上人身攻击引起的。
6. What's the writer's attitude towards Korean entertainment celebrities
A. Vulnerable psychologically.
B. Strong－willed.
C. Care－free.
D. Iron－willed.
答案与解析：A 观点判断题。第一部分第三段表明了作者对韩国名人的态度——心理脆弱。
7. Which of the following is NOT true
A. Both Lily Yuen and Choi Jin－sil's death were caused by rumors.
B. To be a celebrity, you must be willing to accept a lot of criticism.
C. Celebrities should laugh off public rumors.
D. Both Lily Yuen and Choi Jin－sil's came from Korea.
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二部分第三段可知Lily Yuen也就是阮玲玉来自中国。故选D项。
8. The main idea of the first part is ________.
A. a lot of entertainers killed themselves
B. the suicide of Choi J in－sil
C. Choi Jin－sil's suicide brought fresh attention to the vulnerability of Korean entertainment celebrities
D. Korean celebrities are vulnerable
答案与解析：C 主旨考查题。第一部分主要讲述韩国当红女星——崔真实的自杀引起了公众对娱乐圈的关注。故C项正确。
必修四
Module 6 Unexplained Mysteries of the Natural World
自然界解释不清的奥妙
语言点
Ⅰ.课标单词
1．__________袭击；攻击(vt.)
2．__________锋利的；尖的(adj.)
3．__________神秘的(adj.)
4．__________声称(vt.)
5．__________潜水(vi.)
6．__________怀疑的；不相信的(adj.)
7．__________占地(多大面积)(vt.)
8．__________适应；适合(vi.)
attack
sharp
mysterious
claim
dive
sceptical
cover
adapt
9．__________不见；消失(vi.)
10．__________绝种的；消亡了的(adj.)
11．__________凶猛的；残暴的(adj.)
12．__________有雅量的；大方的；心地高尚的(adj.)
13．__________名誉；名声(n.)
14．__________吓人的(adj.)→__________使害怕(v.)→__________害怕(n.)→__________害怕的(adj.)
disappear
extinct
fierce
generous
reputation
frightening
frighten
fright
frightened
15．__________存在(vi.)→__________存在(n.)
16．__________进化；演变(vi.)→__________(n.)
17．__________毁坏(n.)→__________(vt.)
18．________________变化莫测的(adj.)→__________可预言的(adj.)→__________(vt.)→__________预言，预报(n.)
exist
existence
evolve
evolution
destruction
destroy
unpredictable
predictable
predict
prediction
19．__________正面的(adj.)→__________反面的(adj.)
20．__________象征；暗示(vt.)→__________(n.)
21．__________身份；特性(n.)→__________辨别，确认(vt.)
22．__________运气；命运；财富(n.)→__________幸运的(adj.)→______________(adv.)→______________不幸地(adv.)
positive
negative
indicate
indication
identity
identify
fortune
fortunate
fortunately
unfortunately
Ⅱ.常用短语
1．______________________靠近
2．______________________突出；伸出
3．______________________怀疑
4．_______________________帮助弄清楚；阐明某事
5．_________________________谈正题；开门见山
get close to
stick out
be sceptical about
throw light on
come straight to the point
6．_____________________再次成为新闻
7．____________灭绝
8．____________适应
9．____________由于；因……造成
10．____________选择；喜欢
be back in the news
die out
adapt to
due to
go for
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．He claims ____________ a round black creature ________ quickly through the water.
他声称看见一个黑黑的、圆圆的动物在水中快速游动。
答案：to have seen; moving
2．They say that the low－temperature lake is ____________________ such large living creatures.
他们说，水温这样低的湖泊不可能生存有体形如此巨大的动物。
答案：unlikely to be able to support
3．Some experts believe it is ________ the animals the myths grew out of.
一些专家认为这些神话故事是由于动物而产生的。
答案：due to
Ⅳ.模块语法
1．I didn't see her in the meeting－room this morning. She ________ at the meeting.
A. mustn't have spoken B. shouldn't have spoken
C. needn't have spoken D. couldn't have spoken
答案与解析：D 本题考查could表示推测的用法。根据句意“我今天上午在会议室没见到她”，所以“她根本不可能在会上发言”。表示“过去根本不可能”用can't/ couldn't have done形式。
2．When he was there, he ________ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
A. would B. should
C. had better D. might
答案与解析：A 本题考查情态动词would的用法。would可以表示过去的习惯或意愿。句意为：“那时当他在那儿的时候，他每天下班后都会去拐角处的那个咖啡店。”
3．You ________ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.
A. needn't to come B. don't need come
C. don't need coming D. needn't come
答案与解析：D 本题考查情态动词need的用法。needn't do意为“没必要做……”。句意为：“如果你有很重要的事情要做，今天下午你就没必要来参加会议了。”
4．Sorry I'm late. I ________ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
A. might B. should
C. can D. will
答案与解析：A 本题考查might have done表推测的用法。句意：对不起，我迟到了。我(当时)兴许是关了闹钟又睡着了。might相当于may，但语气更加不肯定。
考 点 解 读
1．attack v．&n.攻击；抨击；侵袭，(疾病)发作
The soldiers attacked the enemy at night.
精讲拓展：
①make an attack on...攻击；向……进攻
②air attack空袭
③under attack受到攻击
④a heart attack心脏病突发
⑤resist the attack of抵抗……的进攻
误区警示：在under attack短语中，attack前用零冠词。
朗文在线：
①Once again we came under attack from enemy fighter planes.
我们又一次遭到敌人战斗机的袭击。
②She started attacking the burglar with a piece of wood.
她开始用一块木头猛打进屋行窃的小偷。
③A cruel disease attacked the central nervous system.
一种凶残的疾病破坏了中枢神经系统。
①We attacked the enemy at dawn.
我们在黎明时袭击敌人。
②Shall we attack the washing up
咱们动手洗碗碟好吗？
③His grandfather had a heart attack yesterday.
昨天他爷爷心脏病发作了。
提示：attract意为“吸引”，与attack形近。
The honey attracted a lot of ants.
蜂蜜吸引了很多蚂蚁。
(1)There is an article________________(抨击)the England football manager in the newspaper.
(2)The vines had been_________________(侵害)by mildew.
(3)Many American planes___________________(进行袭击)during the Iraq War.
attacking
attacked
came into attack
高考直击
(2009·山东)So sudden________that the enemy had no time to escape.
A．did the attack B．the attack did
C．was the attack D．the attack was
答案：C 本题考查倒装，so...that...，such...that..的句子结构中，若so, such 和与其所修饰的词置于句首，主句部分倒装，又因为sudden是形容词，作表语，需要将系动词提前，所以选C。
He________what he said.
A．was attacked at B．attacked by
C．attacked D．was attracted by
答案：D
2．exist vi.存在，生存，生活，继续存在
①exist as作为……而存在，以……形态存在
②exist in存在于……中
③exist on靠……生活，生存
④existence n．存在，存在物，实在物
⑤existent adj.存在的，生存的，现存的 n.存在的事物，生存者
existing adj.(置于名词前)现存的；现行的
come into existence 出现；产生
bring sth. into existence 使某物出现、产生
误区警示：exist不用于进行时态，也没有被动语态。
朗文在线：
①Do fairies really exist
真的有神仙吗？
②The custom of arranged marriages still exists in many countries.
许多国家仍然存在着包办婚姻的习俗。
③The hostages existed on bread and water for over 5 months.
人质靠面包和水生存了五个多月。
命题方向：exist in与exist on是重要考点。
活学巧练：
(1)I can hardly exist_on the wage I'm getting.(替换)________
(2)We led a happy enough____________(生活)as children.
(3)When did the world come_into_existence？(替换)__________________
(4)There is nothing___________________________(存在的)that is unchanging.
live on
existence
come into being
in existence/existing
(5)Jack doesn't believe in the ________ of God.
A. life B. exist
C. existence D. exhibition
答案与解析：C 句意：杰克不相信上帝的存在。existence存在，符合句意。
3．claim vt.(根据权利)要求；认领；声称n.(根据权利而提出的)要求；索赔；(对某事物的)权利；主张
She claimed ownership of the land.
精讲拓展：
①. claim for sth.索赔
②. claim sth. back索回事物
④. claim sth.要求/认领某物
⑤. lay claim to声称对……有权利
误区警示：claim 不可接动名词作宾语。
朗文在线：
①They put in a claim on the insurance for the stolen luggage.
他们在行李被偷后向保险公司提出索赔要求。
②She claims to be a descendant of Charles Dickens.
她宣称自己是查尔斯·狄更斯的后裔。
命题方向：claim to do及that从句是重要考点。
活学巧练：
(1)They________(要求)the reward.
(2)The lawyer________(声称)(that)the defendant was not guilty.
(3)The government's________(断言)that the factory waste had killed the fish was correct.
(4)They__________________(要求)higher pay.
claimed
claimed
claim
make a claim for
易混辨析
claim，declare，announce
claim 指通常并没有证据的宣称。
declare 一般指在正式场合宣布官方的立场或态度等。
announce 泛指宣布某一消息或某事；预示着……的到来。
①He claimed to have paid.
②The U．S. declared_war on England in 1812.
③Everyone was silent as he announced the list.
即境活用
1．Every citizen in a democratic country may________the protection of the law.
A．declare B．claim
C．ask D．announce
解析：选B。句意为“民主国家的每一位公民都可以要求法律的保护”。claim(根据权利)对……提出要求；declare断言，宣称；announce宣布，宣告，发表。
★2.When I was a child，fishermen and sailors sometimes ________to have seen monsters in the sea.
A．appeared B．published
C．claimed D．happened
解析：选C。句意是：当我还是个小孩子的时候，渔夫和水手有时声称看到过海里的妖怪。此句要用claimed表示“声称”。
(5)You may be my sister, but that doesn't mean you have any ________ on me.
A. claims B. intervals
C. justice D. extension
答案与解析：A have a claim on“对……有要求权”。interval“间隔，距离”；justice“正义”；extension“扩大；分机号码”。
4．adapt v．(使)适应；改编
精讲拓展：
①adapt A for B 为……改编/改写
②adapt A from B 根据……而改编
③adapt oneself to sth. 使自己适应或习惯于某事
④adapt sth. to 使某事物适应或适合
⑤adapt to sth. 适应于某事
⑥be well adapted to特别适应于……
朗文在线：
①When he moved to Canada, the children adapted to the change very well.
他移民加拿大后孩子们很能适应变化。
②Here is a letter adapted from one of the students.
这里摘登一封学生的回信。
活学巧练：
(1)These books_____________for middle school students.
这些书是为适应中学生而改写的。
(2)He could not_________his way of living to the company.
他的生活方式不能适应公司的要求。
are adapted
adapt
知识链接：
“适应”的表达方式还有：apply to, accommodate to,relate to，adjust to.
辨析：adapt, adjust, fit, suit, match
五者都含有“适合”“适应”的意思。
1)adapt指“修改或改变以适应新条件”。
You should adapt yourself to the new environment.
你应该适应新环境。
2)adjust指“调整”“调节”使之适应。
You can't see through the telescope until it is adjusted_to your eyes.
你把望远镜调节到适合你的目光之后，你才看得见。
3)fit多指“大小(尺寸)适合”，引申为“吻合”。
The shoes fit me well.
这鞋我穿正好。
4)suit多指“合乎要求、口味、性格、情况”。
No dish suits all tastes.
众口难调。
5)match指“大小、色调、形状、性质等相配或相称”。
A red jacket doesn't match green trousers.
红上衣与绿裤子不相配。
高考直击
(2009·浙江)The good thing about children is that they ________ very easily to new environments.
A．adapt B．appeal
C．attach D．apply
答案：A 考查动词词义辨析。adapt 适应；appeal吸引，呼吁；attach吸附；apply 申请。句意：孩子有件好处就是他们很容易适应新的环境。故选A。
即学即用
He can't________the idea of having a woman as his boss.
A．meet with B．adapt to
C．adapt D．go on with
答案：B
(3)(2006·南通调研) Distance learning is being ________ in several countries to help children in remote rural schools obtain higher education.
A. attended B. adopted
C. adapted D. admitted
答案与解析：B 此处指“远程教育正被采用”。adopt“采用、采纳”；attend“出席”；adapt“适应”；admit“承认”。
5．indicate vt. (1)指出，指示；(2)表明，示意；(3)是……的征兆，是……的迹象
①indicate sth. 象征，表明，标志
②indicate sth. to sb. 向某人指出……；向某人表示……
③indicate that...示意……；预示……
④indicate＋ wh－从句 表明……；指出……
⑤indication n．表明，显示，象征
⑥indicative adj. (of sth.)陈述的；指示的
⑦indicator n．指示信号；标志；迹像；指示器；指针
朗文在线：
①The symbols indicate different groups of sounds.
这些符号表示不同的音群。
②Reports indicated that over thirteen people died in the storm.
报告表明超过13人在暴风雨中丧生。
③Yesterday's win indicated the U．S. team's talent.
昨天的胜利表明了美国队的实力。
①The light above the elevator indicated that the elevator was then at the fifteenth floor.
电梯上方的灯指示那时电梯在十五楼。
②There are indications that the weather is changing. 有好些迹象显示天气要变了。
注意：indicate后接双宾语时，sb.前需加介词to，即：indicate sth. to sb.，而不可说成indicate sb. sth.。
With a nod of his head he indicated_to me where I should sit.
他点头示意我应坐的地方。
高考直击
(2009·浙江)There is a great deal of evidence ________that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
A．indicate B．indicating
C．to indicate D．to be indicating
答案：B 考查非谓语动词作定语。indicating that...＝which indicates that...。
即学即用
The black clouds________that it will rain soon.
A．tell B．indicate
C．are indicated D．indicated
答案：B
活学巧练：
(2009·辽宁省光明中学模拟)The shortage of teachers in less developed areas seems to ________ that teaching there offers ________ chance of advancement or pay increases.
A. show; few B. indicate; little
C. suggest; a few D. express; a little
答案与解析：B 根据语境，由the shortage of teachers判断第二空为否定的推断，故用little chance of...，由此推断第一空用indicate表示“预示着，表明”。
2. fortune n． 运气；命运；财富
(回归课本P59)So the Chinese dragon was a bringer of good fortune.
因此，中国龙能带来好运气。
[同]lucky
[反]unfortunate
have the fortune(luck)to do sth. 幸好(幸运)……
receive a large fortune 得到一大笔财产
例句探源
①He won the game by good fortune.
他靠运气赢得了比赛。
②These two brothers decided to go to America to seek their fortunes.
这兄弟俩决定去美国寻找致富之路。
③Many people went to cities to make their fortune.
为了发财，很多人都去了城里。
④He’s fortunate in having a good job，since business is bad nowadays.
他有一份好工作真幸运，因为近来生意不好做。
即学即用
Many people went to Shenzhen to________a fortune.
A．find B．search
C．make D．receive
答案：C
3．I have had the good________to work with some experts.
A．worth B．fortune
C．wealth D．reputation
解析：选B。该处强调与专家一起工作是幸运的。worth“价值，财产”；wealth“财富，财产”；reputation“名誉”。
3 . reputation n． 名誉；名声；声望；荣誉，信誉
(回归课本P59)But in the west，dragons had a different reputation.
但是在西方，龙有着截然不同的名声。
归纳总结
例句探源
①(朗文P1674)Martin lived up to his reputation and arrived late.
马丁果然不出所料，姗姗来迟。
②(朗文P1674)His approach had won him a reputation as a tough manager.
作为经理，他的办事方法使他以强硬著称。
③The restaurant has a good reputation.
这家餐馆名声很好。
即境活用
★4.I am surprised that a company with such good________would produce such poor quality goods.
A．translation
B．reputation
C．population
D．evolution
解析：选B。句意是：拥有那样一个好的声誉的公司竟然生产出那样低劣的产品，我真是感到惊奇。translation翻译；reputation声誉；population人口；evolution进化。
5．(2010年南京市模拟)The girl has no________at all.She is still trying to please her boyfriend，even though he is so cold.
A．character B．reputation
C．dignity D．figure
解析：选C。考查名词辨析。句意“这个女孩没有尊严可言。她还是想讨好她的男朋友，尽管他是那么冷淡。”character“性格”；reputation“名声”；figure“身材”。
6 due to 由于；因……造成；应给的；即将的；预期做
(回归课本P59)Some experts believe it is due to the animals the myths grew out of.
一些专家认为这是由这些神话产生的动物造成的。
归纳总结
in due course在适当时期；最终
误区警示：due to意为“由于；起因于；归功于”。在句中常常做表语或后置定语，但不可放于句首。
朗文在线：
①The company's problems are due to a mixture of bad luck and poor management.
该公司的问题出在运气不佳以及管理不善两个方面。
②The meeting isn't due to start until three.
会议预定要到3点钟才开始。
③Treat him with the respect that is due to a world champion.
要以一个世界冠军应享有的尊重去对待他。
④I'm due for a pay rise soon.
不久就该给我加工资了。
命题方向：due to常与owing to, because of等放在一起进行辨析考查。
即境活用
9．Accidents________driving at high speed were very common that weekend.
A．because of B．owing to
C．thanks to D．due to
解析：选D。句意“那个周末因高速驾驶而造成的事故很普遍。”
★10.The next train to London is________to arrive at 4 o’clock.
A．owing B．due
C．possible D．thanks
解析：选B。be due to do“预定要做”。句意“下一趟火车预定四点到达伦敦。”
This year the white ducks are no longer lovely in locals' eyes, ________ their fear of bird flu.
A．except for B．due to
C．in case of D．instead of
答案与解析：B 后半句解释前半句的原因，due to“因为，由于”，引导原因状语。except for“除了……”；in case of“以防万一”；instead of“代替”，均不符合语境。
4. die out 灭绝；逐渐消失
(回归课本P56)Perhaps too much fighting caused the dinosaurs to die out.
或许是因为太多的争斗使恐龙灭绝了。
精讲拓展：
①die away消逝，平息，静下来
②die down平息；熄灭，渐渐平息
③die for 迫切需要；为……而死
④die off 相继死去，先后死去
⑤be dying to do sth.极想做……；be dying for很想要；渴望
⑥die of/from 因……而死
例句探源
①(朗文P559)If the ocean becomes too salty, certain types of marine life die out.
如果海水盐分太大，一些海洋物种就会灭绝。
②Many old customs are gradually dying out.
许多旧习俗都在日渐消失。
③The music died away as we closed the door.
由于我们关上门了，音乐声变弱了。
④The animals are dying off because of the destruction of the forests.
由于森林被破坏，动物在逐渐死去。
⑤The storm has died down.
暴风雨已渐渐停了。
即境活用
6．If too many of these rare animals are killed，their species will die________.
A．away B．off
C．out D．down
解析：选C。句意“如果这些稀有动物过多地被杀，这些物种将会灭绝。”
7．(2010年湖北天门中学模拟)On the Eve of the Spring Festival，we Chinese people like to play with fireworks，and the noise doesn’t________until after midnight.
A．die away B．die off
C．die out D．die down
解析：选D。考查动词短语。“在除夕夜，我们中国人喜欢燃放烟花，鞭炮声就是过了半夜也不会减弱。”
As a UN report warns, animals ________ at a speed 100 times faster now than any time in the past since the dinosaurs were wiped out.
A．are dying out B．have died out
C．were dying out D．had died out
答案与解析：A 此题是对时态的考查。主句用的是现在时，从句用现在进行时表示即将发生的事。
1．be related to 和……有联系；和……有关
知识拓展
relate A to(with)B 把A和B联系起来
relate to sth. 和……有关
in/with relation to 关系到；与……相比
be related to sb./sth. 与某人/某物有关
have relations with sb. 与某人有利害关系
链接：relation n. 关系；联系；亲戚
related adj. 讲述的；相关的
relative adj. 相对的；成比例的
relationship n. 关系
即学即用
Listen carefully. This question is closely related______the one to be discussed.
A．with B．to C．at D．on
答案：B
8．throw light on 帮助弄清楚，阐明某事物
精讲拓展：
①come to light 为人所知，暴露
②see the light 终于领悟；最后接受
③bring sth. to light 揭露，公布于世
④cast light on＝throw light on 阐明某事物
⑤in the light of 考虑到，鉴于
⑥make light of 轻视
⑦light up点燃；放光彩
朗文在线：
①He promised to throw more light on his new plan.
他答应对他的新计划解说得更清楚些。
②Can you throw any light on the problem
你能把这个问题阐述清楚吗？
活学巧练：
He decided to make further improvements on the computer's design ________ the light of the requirements of customers.
A．on B．for
C．in D．with
答案与解析：C in the light of为固定短语“鉴于”。
9．come straight to the point谈正题，开门见山
He never beats about the drum; he likes coming straight to the point.
他从不绕弯子，他喜欢开门见山。
精讲拓展：
①to the point 切题，中肯
②get to the point切题
③beside/off the point 离题
④on the point of doing sth. 正要做
⑤up to a point 在某种程度上
⑥make a point of doing sth. 保证做……
⑦more to the point 更为重要的是
⑧There is no point in doing sth. 做……没有用
⑨when it comes/came to the point 到了关键时刻
⑩point sth. at 瞄准
point at/to 指向
point out 指出
朗文在线：
①I wish you would come straight to the point.
我希望你能切入正题。
②The letter was short and to the point.
这封信简短而切中主题。
③Your criticism is off the point.
你的批评离题。
活学巧练：
(1)(2009·吉林测试)We were just ________calling you up ________ you came in.
A. about; when
B. on the point of; while
C. on the point of; when
D. on the point of; as
答案与解析：C on the point of doing...when...“正当做……这时……”，为一固定句式。
(2)—Oh, my God ! It' s a sea of cars. How can you ________ your car
—That's easy. Mine is colored differently from any other one.
A. find out B. point out
C. take out D. get out
答案与解析：B find out“查出真相或结果”；point out“指出”；take out和get out都有“拿出”的意思。
即境活用
8．The police have been looking into the case and recent investigations have________how the two men died.
A．thrown light on
B．had an effect on
C．turned a blind eye to
D．come to the point
解析：选A。句意是：警方一直在调查这起案件，最近的调查已经弄清楚了这两个人是如何死的。此句要用throw light on表示“阐明某事，弄清楚……”。B项“对……有影响”；C项“对……视而不见”；D项“谈正题”。
句型巧析
1【教材原句】 He claims to have seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water.(P52)
他声称看见一个黑黑的、圆圆的动物在水中快速游动。
【句法分析】 本句中的to have seen是动词不定式的完成形式，表示动作发生在句子谓语动词claim之前。
不定式的时态有三种：
(1)不定式的一般式：to do。表示与谓语动词同一时间发生或动作发生在谓语动词之后。
(2)不定式的进行式：to be doing。表示与谓语动词同一时间发生，并且动作正在进行。
(3)不定式的完成式：to have done。表示发生在谓语动词之前。
①The teacher seemed to have known about it.老师好像已经知道这件事了。
②I consider it a pity for you not to have attended our party.
我认为你没参加我们的聚会真是遗憾。
③There is said to have been many people waiting to see him when he arrived.(＝It’s said that there had been...)
据说他到达的时候已经有很多人在等着见他了。
④They seem/appear to have known the fact.(＝It seems/appears that they have known the fact.)他们好像已经知道了真相。
即境活用
11．To our surprise，the painting considered________should have won the prize.
A．being copied B．having been copied
C．to have copied D．to have been copied
解析：选D。considered是过去分词作定语修饰the painting。consider后面要求接不定式作宾(主)补，故可排除A和B。the painting和copy之间存在被动的关系，且copy动作发生在consider之前，故答案为D。此句意为“令我们吃惊的是，那幅被认为是抄袭的绘画作品竟获了奖。”
★12.AIDS is said________the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.
A．that it is B．to be
C．that it has been D．to have been
解析：选D。根据后面的时间状语over the past few years知，此处用完成式。sb.be said to do表示“……据说做某事”的意思。
2【教材原句】 They say that the low temperature lake is unlikely to be able to support such large living creatures.(P52)
他们说，水温这样低的湖泊不可能生存有体形如此巨大的动物。
【句法分析】 (1)本句可以转化为：They say that it is unlikely that the low temperature lake is able to support such large living creatures.
(2) 本句使用了be unlikely to do sth.这一结构，它的用法等同于be likely to do sth.。主要有下述用法：
主语(具体人/物)＋be (un)likely to do sth.
It(形式主语)＋be (un)likely to do sth.
It(形式主语)＋be (un)likely＋that clause
【注意】 likely与unlikely不能用于It’s likely/unlikely for sb.to do sth.，而possible与probable是可以用于It’s possible/probable/impossible for sb.to do sth.。另外，(be)possible与(be)probable的主语不能是具体的某人或某物。
①Look at the clouds！It’s likely to rain.
看那些乌云！天可能要下雨。
②It’s too late.He is unlikely to come.
太晚了。他不可能来了。
③It’s likely that we will beat them since we have practiced a lot.
因为我们做了大量练习，很可能我们会打败他们。
④He is ill seriously so that it’s unlikely that he will attend the party.
他病得很严重所以他不可能参加这个晚会。
即境活用
★13.—Did you look up the time of trains to Shanghai
—Yes，the earliest train is________to leave at 5∶30 a．m..
A．likely B．about
C．possible D．due
解析：选D。be due to do意为“应该……/预期的”；be about to do不和时间状语连用；possible主语应为it；而likely与句意不符。
活学巧练：
(1)What do you enjoy most ________ (kill) time in the summer holidays
(2)It is silly of me ________ (put) all eggs in one basket. That was the worst mistake I've ever made.
(3)He seemed ___________ (write) when I came in.
to kill
to have put
to be writing
14．(2010年高考陕西卷)Studies show that people are more________to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.
A．likely B．possible
C．probable D．sure
解析：选A。句意：研究表明如果总是长时间地坐在电脑屏幕前，人们的背部很有可能会出现毛病。本题考查表示“可能性”的三个形容词possible，probable，likely在搭配上的区别：
①It is possible/probable/likely that从句；
②It is possible for sb.to do sth.；
③Sb./Sth.is likely to do sth.；
综上所述，正确答案为A项。
3．There have been reports of monsters in Lake Tianchi since the beginning of the last century, although no one has seen one close up.
尽管没人在近前看过，但是自从上个世纪初就有关于天池怪物的报道了。
知识拓展
there be结构的现在完成时，其中谓语动词按就近原则。此外还有there be的其他变式结构。例如： There used to be/There might have been/There may be...
1)There be中的be可以换成exist, live, stand, lie, come, sit, rush等词。
2)以there引起的句式结构除上述以外还有下列几种：
即学即用
Don't expect________another chance for you!
A．there being B．there to be
C．to be D．being
答案：B
11．情态动词的用法
1．表示对现在情况的推断
(1)may/might＋v.也许……
He may be a doctor.
She may/might lose her way if she doesn't take a map.
They might/may know Japanese.
(2)may/might not＋v.也许不……
He may/might not know where we live.
(3)can't＋v.不可能(can表可能性，只用在疑问和否定句中)
He can't be a teacher.
She can't know Japanese.
(4)must＋v.一定……
He must be a doctor.
She must know Japanese.
注意：表示“不可能”不可用must not，因为must not只表示“不许，禁止”之意。在需要时，“不可能”用can't。
2．表示对过去情况的推断
(1)must＋have＋过去分词，表示对过去的某事做出的肯定判断。
I posted a book to her three weeks ago. She must have received it.
三周前我邮给她一本书，她一定已经收到了。
(2)can't/couldn't have＋过去分词，表示对过去已发生的事情进行否定推测。
She can't have been to your house. She doesn't know your address.
她不可能去过你家，她不知道你的地址。
(3)can/could have＋过去分词，表示对过去已发生的事情进行推断，常用于疑问句或否定句中。
She can't/couldn't have gone to school.—It's Sunday.
她不可能去学校——今天是周日。
注意：could have＋过去分词，也可表示过去某事本可能发生，但是却没有发生。
The snowstorm was terrible that day. You could have lost your way.
那天暴风雪是可怕的，你有可能迷路了。(事实上没有迷路)
(4)may/might have＋过去分词，表示对过去已发生的事进行推测判断，一般只用于肯定或否定句中(疑问句中用can或could), may/might的意思是“可能”“或许”may/might not的意思是“可能不(没有)”。
Nobody stopped him; he might have been a passenger's child.
没人制止他，他或许是一个旅客的孩子。
It's no use going to his house. He may not have gone home; he may have gone somewhere else.
去他家没用，他可能没回家，可能去别的地方了。
注意：might have＋过去分词可用来表示过去可能发生而没有发生的事情。
You were so careless that day. You might have made a bad mistake.
那天你太粗心了，你有可能犯错误的。(事实上并没犯错)
(5)should/ought to have＋过去分词，表示过去本应该发生而实际上并未发生的事，含有自责或责备的语气。
You should/ought to have asked for my permission.
你本应征求我的同意。(事实上并没请求准许)
You shouldn't/oughtn't to have kept the books in the damp place.
你本不应该把书放在潮湿的地方。(实际上已存放在潮湿的地方了)
(6)needn't have＋过去分词，表示本来不必做某事而实际已经做了某事，常见其否定式，强调“不必要”。
You needn't have woken me up. I don't have to go to work today.
你本不必叫醒我，今天我不上班。
活学巧练：
(1)—Is Jack on duty today
—It________be him. It's his turn tomorrow.
A．mustn't B．won't
C．can't D．needn't
答案：C
(2)—There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
—It________a comfortable journey.
A．can't be B．shouldn't be
C．mustn't have been D．couldn't have been
答案：D
(3)—Could I have a word with you, mum
—Oh, dear, if you________.
A．can B．must
C．may D．should
答案：B
(4)—There is a lot of smoke coming out of the teaching－building there.
—Really It________be a fire, most probably.
A．can B．ought to
C．have to D．must
答案：B
(5)—Do you still remember when we went to Chongqing
—I can't remember now, but________sometime last summer
A．could it be
B．might it be
C．could it have been
D．should it have been
答案：C
(6)(2009·山东东营一中测试)Jack________yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.
A．mustn't have arrived
B．shouldn't have arrived
C．can't have arrived
D．need not have arrived
答案：C
考 题 演 练
1.We are invited to a party ________ in our club next Friday.
A. to be held B. held
C. being held D. holding
答案与解析：A 本题考查不定式短语作后置定语。解答这类题时，一定要弄清非谓语动词和被修饰词之间的逻辑关系。party和hold之间是被动关系，由句中的时间状语next Friday可知应用表示将来的不定式短语to be held作后置定语。
2．What do you mean, there are only ten tickets There ________ be twelve.
A. should B. would
C. will D. shall
答案与解析：A 本题考查情态动词，这是高考的一个重点也是难点。希望同学们在复习时牢记并熟练运用，分清它们之间的区别。句意：你什么意思？只有10张票吗？应该是12张。should表示可能性推测，意为“应该”，符合题意。would表过去将来；will表意愿；shall表示一种语气，均不合题意。
3．As a new diplomat, he often thinks of ________ he can react more appropriately on such occasions.
A. what B. which
C. that D. how
答案与解析：D 考查状语从句的用法。句意：作为一个外交官，他总是考虑如何能够更适当地在这些场合下做出反应。
4．One of the few things you ________ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.
A. need B. must
C. should D. can
答案与解析：D 本题考查情态动词的用法。句意：你能够确切地说出的有关说英语的人们的为数不多的其中一件事情就是他们对天气讨论很多。can表示“可以”。
5．Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for ________ building.
A. respect
B. friendship
C. reputation
D. character
答案与解析：D 本题考查名词词义辨析。要正确解答本类题目，就要找出与该名词相搭配的一些短语。respect尊重；方面；friendship友谊；reputation名声；character性格，品格。句意：独自远足可能是一件有趣的事，也是对健康有好处的事。它还有利于一个人品格的培养。build培养，发展(思想、品格等)。
7．I like Mr. Miner's speech; it was clear and ________ the point.
A. at B. on
C. to D. of
答案与解析：C 考查介词的用法。to the point“中肯，切题”。
6．She ________ have left school, for her bike is still here.
A. can't B. wouldn't
C. shouldn't D. needn't
答案与解析：A “情态动词＋have done”结构为高考考查的重点，要牢记“各个情态动词＋have done”表示的意义及其用法。句意：她不可能离开了学校，因为她的自行车仍然在这儿。can't表示不可能；wouldn't have done表虚拟；shouldn't have done本不该做(却已做了)；needn't have done本没必要做(但已做了)。
8．What's the ________ of having a public open space where you can't eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while
A. sense B. matter
C. case D. opinion
答案与解析：A 本题结合语境考查名词词义辨析。本题所设的语境是：在不吃、不喝、不动的情况下是什么感觉？sense感觉；matter问题，麻烦；case情况，问题；opinion意见，看法。四个选项中只有A项符合语境。
写作技能培训
句式变换
1．非谓语和从句的变换
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词。使用非谓语动词可以在有限的空间内容纳更多的信息，使句子结构紧凑、逻辑严谨。
【佳句选粹1】
【原文】 【优化】
It must be realized that people should be cautious when they decide which books they should choose to read since if they read bad books，it will be time wasting and harmful. It must be realized that people should be cautious deciding which books they should choose to read since reading bad books is time wasting and harmful.
【分析】 把“when they decide”改为“deciding”，if 条件从句改为动名词短语作主语，句子结构变得更加紧凑，简洁明了。
【佳句选粹2】
【原文】 【优化】
Because I was ill，I didn’t go to the party.The party was organized by my classmates yesterday. Being ill，I didn’t go to the party which was organized by my classmates yesterday.
【分析】 把原句中的原因状语从句用分词的形式变换，又用了个定语从句把两个句子连起来，使得句子更紧凑，更严谨。
2.强调句的变换
写作中，常使用强调句来达到突出重点的目的。强调句的基本结构是：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分。另外，英语中还经常使用助动词do/does/did对谓语动词进行强调。
【原文】 【优化】
I met a friend of mine in the street yesterday. It was in the street that I met a friend of mine yesterday.
【分析】 改成强调句后，强调说明是“in the street”而不是别的地方，句意的表达更加有力。
【佳句选粹1】
【佳句选粹2】
【原文】 【优化】
We should be careful when we cross the street. Do be careful when we cross the street.
【分析】 改成强调句后，语气增强了，句意的表达更加有力，可翻译为“过马路时务必要小心”。
3.倒装句的变换
句子成分在句子中都有一定的位置，但有时可以把某些句子成分前后倒置，以达到突出强调的目的或起到某种修饰作用。
英语中倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装。部分倒装在写作中比较常用，经常由否定词提前或“only＋状语”提前引起。
【原文】 【优化】
Everyone knows that we are busy all day.We know seldom what is happening both at home and abroad，let alone what we can do for our country. Everyone knows that we are busy all day.Seldom do we know what is happening both at home and abroad，let alone what we can do for our country.
【分析】 “seldom”位于句首，引起部分倒装，突出了现在时态，句意表达更有力。
【佳句选粹】
Module 6 Unexplained Mysteries
of the Natural World
课时能力提升
Ⅰ.根据句意，用所给单词的适当形式填空
likely exist predict disappear mystery reputation
identity fierce generous evolve
1．He is interested in the________of the computer over the past 20 years.
答案：evolution
2．His father died of a ________disease.
答案：mysterious
3．The________of the killer was still unknown.
答案：identity
4．The wind was blowing________outside.
答案：fiercely
5．She has already begun to establish a ________as a good writer.
答案：reputation
6．Her sudden________was very worrying.
答案：disappearance
7．Mary might come this evening, but it is very________.
答案：unlikely
8．The weather in this area is very________.
答案：unpredictable
9．I'd like to thank Simon, who's been very________with his time.
答案：generous
10．Peter acts as if I don't________at times.
答案：exist
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．“ Rain is ________ in all parts of the country today”， weather report says.
A．alike B．probable
C．likely D．possible
答案与解析：B 由题中的weather report says可知下雨的可能性很大，而在选项中probable表示可能性最大。
2．If you don't follow the teacher's advice, you are ________ to waste more time on the problem.
A．likely B．probable
C．possible D．probably
答案与解析：A 句中要填的单词作表语，因此，用形容词，这样可以排除B、D项。likely是形容词，可用动作的发出者作主语；possible和probable尽管是形容词，但它们不能用动作的发出者作主语，句中常用it作主语。
3．The ________ girl sat in the corner, ________.
A．frightening; crying
B．frightening; to cry
C．frightened; crying
D．frightened; to cry
答案与解析：C frightened“感到害怕的”，在此作定语，而crying在句子中作伴随或方式状语。
4．He ________ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn't be enjoying himself by the seaside.
A．should B．must
C．wouldn't D．can't
答案与解析：B “must have＋动词－ed形式”表示对过去发生的事的肯定判断，意思是“(过去)一定做过某事”。
5．—Do you know where David is I couldn't find him anywhere.
—Well. He ________ have gone far—his coat's still here.
A．shouldn't B．mustn't
C．can't D．wouldn't
答案与解析：C 根据“他的衣服还在这里”推测，后一句意思是“他肯定没有走远”。must也可以表示推测，但是mustn't的意思则是“禁止，不准”，推测否定的事情用can't。
6．I have lost one of my gloves. I ________ it somewhere.
A．must drop
B．must have dropped
C．must be dropping
D．must have been dropped
答案与解析：B “must have＋动词－ed形式”表示对过去发生的事的肯定判断，意思是“(过去)一定做过某事”。
7．I ________ him very well, but I haven't seen him this week.
A．have known B．had known
C．know D．knew
答案与解析：C 此题考查动词时态。从后面的句子可知，第一句强调当前的状态，要用一般现在时。这句话的意思是：“我很了解他，但我这周一直没见到他。”
8．—Did you listen to the speech
—No，we________it. But we had a lot of traffic on our way.
A．could have attended
B．must have attended
C．could attend
D．shouldn't have attended
答案与解析：A 该题考查的是虚拟语气，表示“本能……”是与过去事实相反，要用could＋have done形式。
9．The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ________ the desert.
A．covering B．covered
C．cover D．to cover
答案与解析：A blanket和cover是主动关系，故用现在分词。
10．Some aspects of a pilot's job ________ be boring, and pilotsoften ________ work at inconvenient hours.
A．can; have to B．may; can
C．have to; may D．ought to; must
答案与解析：A 此处can表示一时的可能性，have to表示“不得不”。
11．The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I ________ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.
A．should have taken
B．could have taken
C．needn't have taken
D．mustn't have taken
答案与解析：C needn't have done sth.表示做了原本不必做的事。
12．—May I smoke here
—If you ________， choose a seat in the smoking section.
A．should B．could
C．may D．must
答案与解析：D 理解句意可判断答案是D项：must “一定；非得；偏要”。
13．Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to ________ a good researcher.
A．make B．turn
C．get D．grow
答案与解析：A 理解句意并注意四个选项的辨析可判断答案是A项：make“变成，成为”。
14．The performer was waving his stick in the street and it ________ missed the child standing nearby.
A．narrowly B．nearly
C．hardly D．closely
答案与解析：A 句意是“表演者在街上不住地挥舞着他的拐杖，拐杖差一点打中站在旁边的孩子”。理解句意可判断答案是A项：narrowly “勉强地，仅仅”。
15．You'll find this dictionary ________ great use for helping you to study English.
A．of B．with
C．for D．by
答案与解析：A “of＋抽象名词”表属性，在句子中作宾语补足语。
Ⅲ.翻译句子
1．他们还认为，在世界其他地方的湖泊里也有许多类似的生物。
答案：They also think that there might be similar creatures in other lakes in the world.
2．没有人看清楚过这个怪物。
答案：No one really got a clear look at the mysterious creature.
3．它海拔2, 189米，占地约10平方公里。
答案：It is 2, 189 metres high and covers an area of about ten square kilometres.
4. I think your food is generally speaking, cold while ours is, generally speaking again, cooked and you eat a lot of frozen food.
答案：我认为你们的食物总的来说是冷食，而我们的食物总的来说是熟食。并且，你们吃很多冷冻食品。
5. It would have been difficult to find a happier child than I was as I lay in my bed at the close of the important day and for the first time longed for a new day to come.
答案：当这重要的一天就要结束，我躺在自己的小床上时，恐怕很难找出比我更快乐的孩子了，我生平第一次渴望着新一天的来临。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
A volcanic eruption in Iceland has sent ash across northern Europe. Airlines have stopped or changed the flights across the Atlantic Ocean, leaving hundreds of passengers stuck in airports.
Grimsvotn is one of the largest and most active volcanoes in Europe. What makes Grimsvotn different is that it lies under a huge glacier(冰川) of ice up to 12 meters thick. The hot volcano heats up the ice above it，which then forms a layer(层) of water between the glacier and the volcano. This layer of water puts pressure on the volcano, keeping it stable. As the water flows out from under the glacier, the pressure lifts. The lava(岩浆) from the volcano then comes up to the surface. This is exactly what happened today.
Now, airlines have to make changes to their flights so as not to fly through the clouds of volcanic ash. According to KLM, one of Europe's biggest airlines, airplanes cannot go under the cloud or over it. Going through the cloud can result in ash getting stuck in the airplane's engines, causing damage to the plane.
The eruption has also caused problems for animals in Iceland. The volcano left ash and sharp, glass－like rocks all over the countryside. Farmers are keeping their animals inside to stop them from eating ash－covered grass or the sharp objects.
1．What makes Grimsvotn different from other volcanoes
A. It is below ice.
B. It lies under the sea.
C. It is the largest volcano.
D. Its lava affects the airlines.
答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句话What makes Grimsvotn different is that it lies under a huge glacier of ice up to 12 meters thick.可知，Grimsvotn是在冰层下面的火山。
2．What keeps Grimsvotn still
A. The slow flow of water.
B. The low water temperature.
C. The thick glacier.
D. The water pressure.
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的This layer of water puts pressure on the volcano, keeping it stable.可知，是水的压力使得火山平静。
3．Which of the following is the result of the volcanic eruption
A. People stop traveling in Europe.
B. Airlines suffer from the loss of planes.
C. It becomes dangerous for animals to eat outside.
D. Farmers have lost many of their animals.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。A项表述与文中叙述的飞机改变航线不符；B项表述与第一段第二句话意义不符；C项表述与文中最后一段的第一句话内容相符，故为正确答案；D项内容文中没有涉及。
4．This text is most probably taken from ________.
A. a research paper B. a newspaper report
C. a class presentation D. a geography textbook
答案与解析：B 文章出处推断题。本文是一篇科普短文，讲述了冰岛发生的一次火山喷发的原因及其对航班、动物等的影响。从文字表述形式看，应该是一篇新闻报道，而不是地理教材内容，它更多的是以旁观者的语气来讲述整个事件的。
B
Celebrities need thick skin to avoid tragic end
THE death of Choi Jin－sil has brought fresh attention to the vulnerability of Korean entertainment celebrities.
Choi, 39, was one of South Korea's best－known actresses. She was found dead last Thursday in the bathroom of her apartment. Police concluded it was suicide.
The tragic news came on the heels of a spate of suicides of entertainers in that country over recent years. While Choi's death was attributed to online character assassination, it raises questions about why Korean celebrities are so vulnerable psychologically.
Rumor－mongering
One reason could be the over－protection of the preblogging era. Movie stars surrounded themselves with an entourage(个人顾问), which served as a shield against the outside world.
Once anything－goes world of the Internet arrived, with its ill rumor－spreading, they were much less able to protect themselves.
The incident inevitably reminds us of Lily Yuen (Ruan Lingyu), the Chinese actress who killed herself in 1935 at the age of 25. She had made 29 movies and firmly established herself as China's most talented film actress.
It is generally believed that she was “killed” by what others were saying about her.
There are people who believe that because you are famous they can say anything they want about you. To be a celebrity, you must be willing to accept a lot of criticism. One should not be depressed by bad words, just as one should not be carried away by praise.
It is not easy for a person to achieve this kind of inde pendence. And it seems that female stars in South Korea are prone to emotional collapse. Maybe they should develop a sense of humor as a defense mechanism and just laugh off public rumors.
5. Choi Jin－sil's suicide may have been caused by ________.
A. over－protection B. love
C. drug－taking D. Internet rumors
答案与解析：D 细节考查题。依据是第一部分第三段。Choi的自杀被认为是由网上人身攻击引起的。
6. What's the writer's attitude towards Korean entertainment celebrities
A. Vulnerable psychologically.
B. Strong－willed.
C. Care－free.
D. Iron－willed.
答案与解析：A 观点判断题。第一部分第三段表明了作者对韩国名人的态度——心理脆弱。
7. Which of the following is NOT true
A. Both Lily Yuen and Choi Jin－sil's death were caused by rumors.
B. To be a celebrity, you must be willing to accept a lot of criticism.
C. Celebrities should laugh off public rumors.
D. Both Lily Yuen and Choi Jin－sil's came from Korea.
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二部分第三段可知Lily Yuen也就是阮玲玉来自中国。故选D项。
8. The main idea of the first part is ________.
A. a lot of entertainers killed themselves
B. the suicide of Choi J in－sil
C. Choi Jin－sil's suicide brought fresh attention to the vulnerability of Korean entertainment celebrities
D. Korean celebrities are vulnerable
答案与解析：C 主旨考查题。第一部分主要讲述韩国当红女星——崔真实的自杀引起了公众对娱乐圈的关注。故C项正确。