(共50张PPT)
Unit5
Languages
Around
the
World
语法讲解
一、关系副词引导的定语从句
引导定语从句的关系副词包括when,
where,
why，一般代替先行词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因。其具体用法见下表：
关系副词和“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系副词
先行词
在从句中所作的成分
when
表示时间
时间状语
where
表示地点
地点状语
why
表示原因
原因状语
1．when的用法
when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常为time，day，morning，night，week，year等表示时间的名词。
There
was
a
time
when
a
deep
blue
sky,
the
song
of
the
birds，moonlight
and
flowers
could
never
have
kept
me
spellbound.
曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花从未令我心迷神往过。
We
will
put
off
the
picnic
in
the
park
until
next
week,
when
the
weather
may
be
better.
我们将把在公园举行的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能比现在好。
先行词是表示时间的词时，关系词是否用when，还需要判断关系词在从句中所作的成分。
We
still
remember
the
days
when
we
spent
our
holiday
together.
我们仍然记得我们在一起度假的那些日子。(when在从句中作时间状语)
We
still
remember
the
days
(that/which)
we
spent
together.
我们仍然记得我们一起度过的那些日子。(that/which在从句中作宾语)
2．where的用法
where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常为place，spot，street，house，room，city，town，country等表示地点的名词或point
(地步)，case(情况)，situation(情形)，position(位置)，stage(阶段)等表示抽象地点的名词。
The
movie
is
set
in
a
small
town
where
the
only
movie
theatre
is
preparing
to
close
down.
这部电影以一座小镇为背景，这座小镇唯一的电影院即将倒闭。
They
went
to
the
Royal
Theatre,
where
they
saw
an
interesting
play.
他们去了皇家剧院，在那里看了一场有趣的戏剧。
What
are
some
situations
where
body
language
is
the
only
form
of
communication?
在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式？
先行词是表示地点的词时，关系词是否用where，还需要判断关系词在从句中所作的成分。
This
is
the
house
where
we
visited
the
famous
writer
last
year.
去年我们就是在这所房子里拜访了那位著名作家。(where在从句中作地点状语)
The
house(that/which)
we
visited
last
year
is
over
500
years
old.
我们去年参观的那个房子有500多年的历史了。(that/which在从句中作宾语)
3．why的用法
why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason，why在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。
I
have
come
around
to
explain
the
reason
why(＝for
which)
I
was
absent
from
the
meeting.
我来是为了解释我当时没有到会的原因的。
先行词是reason时，关系词是否用why，还需要判断关系词在从句中所作的成分。
This
is
the
reason
why
he
was
late.
这就是他迟到的原因。(why在从句中原因作状语)
Please
tell
me
the
reason
(that/which)
he
explained
to
you.
请告诉我他向你解释的原因。(that/which在从句中作宾语)
4．the
way作先行词
首先要确定关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。
(1)如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用关系代词that或which。
The
way
(that/which)
he
thought
of
to
solve
the
problem
was
not
practical.
他所想到的解决这个问题的方法不切实际。
(2)如果关系词在定语从句中作状语，则用关系词in
which，that或省略。
This
is
the
way
(that/in
which)
he
learns
English.
这就是他学习英语的方法。
单句改错
①I
often
think
of
the
days
when
we
spent
on
the
island
together.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
②There
are
some
reasons
which
they
do
this.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
when→which/that或删除when 先行词为the
days，代入定语从句中作spent的宾语，因此选用关系代词which，that或者省略。
在which前加for或which→why 先行词为some
reasons，代入定语从句后为they
do
this
for
some
reasons，因此用why或者for
which引导定语从句。
③I
hope
I
can
be
admitted
to
a
good
college,
which
I
will
have
a
chance
to
improve
my
English
further.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
④The
first
thing
I
would
say
is
that
the
way
which
you
begin
the
conversation
is
very
important.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
在which前加in或which→where 先行词为a
good
college，代入非限制性定语从句后为...improve
my
English
further
in
the
college，因此用where引导，或使用in
which。
在which前加in或which→that或删除which 先行词是the
way，代入到定语从句中充当方式状语，因此在which前加in，或which改为that，或删除which。
⑤The
boss
of
the
company
is
trying
to
create
an
easy
atmosphere
which
his
employees
enjoy
their
work.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
在which前加in或which→where 先行词为atmosphere，代入定语从句后为his
employees
enjoy
their
work
in
this
atmosphere，关系词在定语从句中充当地点状语，也可采用“介词＋关系代词”的方式。因此用where或者in
which。
⑥This
is
the
museum
where
you
visited
the
other
day.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
⑦Have
you
ever
been
to
Wuhan,
where
I
left
5
years
ago?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
where→that/which或删除where 关系词指代先行词museum，在定语从句中充当visited的宾语。
where→which 引导词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Wuhan，引导词在从句中充当left的宾语且不能省去。
二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1．在这种结构中，若关系代词指人，只能用whom；若关系代词指物，只能用which。
It
was
in
1952
and
Mandela
was
the
black
lawyer
to
whom
I
went
for
advice.
那是在1952年，曼德拉当时是一位黑人律师，我向他寻求建议。
I’ll
never
forget
the
day
on
which
(＝when)
I
first
met
you.
我永远不会忘记初次见你的那一天。
This
is
the
town
in
which
(＝where)
Shakespeare
was
born.
这就是莎士比亚出生的城镇。
I
forgot
the
exact
place
to
which
(＝where)
I
had
paid
a
visit.
我忘记了已经参观过的确切地点。
There’s
no
reason
for
which
(＝why)
we
can
betray
our
friends.
我们没有理由背叛朋友。
I’d
like
you
to
explain
the
reason
for
which(＝why)
you
were
absent.
我想让你解释一下你没来的原因。
“名词/代词/数词/最高级＋of＋关系代词”结构
比如：none/some/several/a
few/many/more/most/two/the
biggest
of
which/whom等。
The
journey
around
the
world
would
take
the
sailor
nine
months,
the
sailing
time
of
which
(＝of
which
the
sailing
time)
was
226
days.
环游世界花费了水手们九个月的时间，其中航行时间是226天。
Here
are
the
questions,
none
of
which
(＝of
which
none)
I
thought
are
difficult
for
you.
就是这些问题，我认为对你来说没有一个是困难的。
Present
at
the
meeting
were
almost
experts
on
AI,
most
of
whom
(＝of
whom
most)
were
male.
出席会议的大都是人工智能方面的专家，其中大部分是男性。
2．关系代词前介词的选用
(1)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定。
Close
friends
are
those
to
whom
you
feel
so
close
that
it
is
hard
to
imagine
life
without
them.
密友就是那些你感到如此亲近的人，以至于你无法想象没有他们的生活。(feel
close
to)
Charity
is
the
cause
to
which
he
is
devoted.
慈善是他挚爱的事业。(be
devoted
to)
(2)依据与先行词的搭配来确定。
This
is
the
farm
on
which
he
works.
这就是他工作的农场。(on
the
farm)
(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。
The
colourless
gas
without
which
we
cannot
live
is
called
oxygen.
这种无色的气体就是氧气，离开了它我们不能生存。
有些“动词(＋名词)＋介词”的固定搭配，如look
for，look
after，call
on，take
care
of等，不能把介词提到关系代词前。
My
youngest
brother,
after
whom
I
have
to
look,
is
very
naughty.(×)
My
youngest
brother,
whom
I
have
to
look
after,
is
very
naughty.(√)
用“介词＋关系代词”填空
①Gun
control
is
a
subject
__________________
Americans
have
argued
for
a
long
time.
解析：先行词是subject，指物，argue为不及物动词，关系词在从句中作介词的宾语，介词前置，介词与从句的动词构成搭配argue
over/about
sth。
over/about
which
②We
must
work
even
harder
during
the
coming
winter
holiday
and
never
forget
that
we
are
part
of
the
school
___________
the
name
is
Guangming
Senior
High
School.
解析：of
which
the
name＝the
name
of
which＝whose
name。故用of
which。
③In
our
class
there
are
46
students,
__________
half
wear
glasses.
解析：定语从句的主语可还原为half
of
the
students。因而使用of
whom。
of
which
of
whom
④The
pen
_____________
he
is
writing
is
mine.
解析：根据搭配write
with
the
pen可知。应使用with
which。
⑤He
bought
a
book
yesterday,
the
writer
___________
is
a
teacher.
解析：book是先行词，指物，还原到定语从句中为the
writer
of
the
book。故用of
which。
⑥I
don’t
think
the
number
of
the
people
__________
this
happens
is
very
large.
解析：people是先行词，指人，还原到定语从句中为this
happens
to
the
people。故用to
whom。
with
which
of
which
to
whom
⑦In
the
street,
there
wasn’t
a
single
person
__________
she
could
turn
for
help.
解析：person是先行词，还原到定语从句中为she
could
turn
to
the
person
for
help。turn
to
sb
for
help是固定搭配，意为“求助于某人”。关系代词whom指代person。
⑧The
way
___________
Miss
Liu
teaches
English
is
quite
different
from
Miss
Zhao’s.
解析：way是先行词，还原到定语从句中作状语，关系词有三种情况：that/in
which/不填。
to
whom
in
which
三、使用定语从句应该注意的问题
1．定语从句中的主谓一致问题
当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词的数应与先行词保持一致。下面是定语从句在实际运用中需要注意的几个主谓一致的问题：
(1)I作先行词时，定语从句中谓语动词应该与I保持一致
I,
who
am
your
teacher,
will
try
to
solve
all
kinds
of
questions.
我作为你的老师，会尽力解决各种各样的问题。
(2)当关系代词as或which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句，且作从句的主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
China,
as
is
known
to
all.
众所周知，中国已经发生了天翻地覆的变化。
(3)当“one
of＋the(＋形容词最高级)＋复数名词”位于关系词前时，定语从句的先行词是复数名词，从句的谓语动词要用复数形式。
The
Summer
Palace
is
one
of
the
world－famous
places
of
interest
that
draw
lots
of
visitors.
颐和园是吸引着大批游客的世界名胜之一。
The
Lord
of
the
Rings
is
one
of
the
most
wonderful
movies
that
have
been
produced
in
Hollywood.
《指环王》是好莱坞制作的最精彩的电影之一。
当“the
only
one
of＋the(＋形容词最高级)＋复数名词”位于关系词前时，定语从句的先行词是the
only
one，从句的谓语动词要用单数形式。
This
is
the
only
one
of
the
songs
in
the
album
that
is
sung
in
English.
这是这张专辑中唯一一首英文歌曲。
Titanic
is
the
only
one
of
the
most
wonderful
movies
that
has
been
produced
in
Hollywood.
在这些最精彩的电影中，《泰坦尼克号》是唯一一部好莱坞制作的影片。
2．from
where，since/until/by
when也可以引导定语从句。
He
stood
on
top
of
the
hill,
from
where
he
could
see
the
Yangtze
River.
他站在山顶上，从那里他能看到长江。(from
where＝from
which
place)
The
book
was
written
in
1946,
since
when
the
education
system
has
seen
great
changes.
这本书著于1946年，从那时起教育体制发生了重大变化。(since/until/
by
when＝since/until/by
which
time)
对比训练
①〈1〉This
is
one
of
the
most
interesting
films
that
________(be)
shown
last
week.
解析：关系词前有one
of
the
most
interesting
films，定语从句先行词为films，谓语动词要用复数。
〈2〉This
is
the
only
one
of
the
most
interesting
films
that
_______(be)
shown
last
week.
解析：先行词为the
only
one，因此定语从句中谓语动词用单数。
were
was
②〈1〉He
has
two
sons,
both
of
________
are
college
students.
解析：逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为two
sons，设空处前有介词of，因此用whom指代先行词。
〈2〉He
has
two
sons,
and
both
of
________
are
college
students.
解析：本句为并列句，因而第二个并列分句主语应是both
of
them，them指代two
sons。
whom
them
③〈1〉He
still
lives
in
the
room
_________
window
faces
to
the
east.
解析：先行词为the
room，代入定语从句中从句的主语变为the
room’s
window，因此用whose。
〈2〉He
still
lives
in
the
room,
the
window
of
_________
faces
to
the
cast.
解析：逗号后为非限制性定语从句，介词后指物用which。
whose
which
〈3〉He
still
lives
in
the
room
_____________
is
on
the
third
floor.
解析：先行词为the
room，关系词在定语从句中作主语，因此用which/that。
〈4〉He
still
lives
in
the
room
________________
there
is
a
beautiful
table.
解析：先行词为the
room，代入定语从句后为there
is
a
beautiful
table
in
the
room，设空处充当地点状语，因此用关系副词where，也可用in
which。
which/that
where/in
which
④〈1〉After
the
flooding，people
were
suffering
in
that
area,
__________
urgently
needed
clean
water
and
medicine.
解析：设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，根据语境可知，先行词为people，故用who。who指代主句中的people。也可填and，连接两个并列谓语，主语都为people。
〈2〉After
the
flooding,
people
were
suffering
in
that
area,
________________
clean
water
and
medicine
were
needed.
解析：先行词为area，代入定语从句后为clean
water
and
medicine
were
needed
in
that
area，从句中缺少地点状语，因此用where/in
which。
who/and
where/in
which
⑤〈1〉A
housing
bubble
is
an
economic
situation
_____________
occurs
when
house
prices
rise
much
too
fast.
解析：先行词为situation，设空处在从句中充当主语，因此用which/that。
〈2〉It’s
helpful
to
put
children
in
a
situation
________________
they
can
see
themselves
differently.
解析：先行词为situation，设空处在从句中充当地点状语，因此使用where，也可使用in
which。
which/that
where/in
which
⑥〈1〉I’ll
never
forget
the
days
_______________________
we
studied
together.
解析：先行词为the
days，设空处在定语从句中充当时间状语，因此用when，也可用during/on
which。
〈2〉I’ll
never
forget
the
days
_____________
we
spent
together.
解析：先行词为the
days，设空处在定语从句中充当spent的宾语。因此用which/that或省略关系词。
when或during/on
which
which/that
⑦〈1〉This
is
the
only
way
________
you
can
find.
解析：先行词为way，有the
only修饰，设空处在定语从句中充当宾语，因此不能使用which，而用that，that还可省略。
〈2〉I
don’t
like
the
way
_______________
he
spoke
to
his
mother.
解析：先行词为the
way，设空处在定语从句中充当方式状语，关系词可用in
which/that或省略关系词。
that
in
which/that
⑧〈1〉Is
this
museum
__________
they
visited
last
month?
解析：疑问句转换成陈述句为This
museum
is
________
they
visited
last
month.。定语从句中缺少先行词。因此用the
one。
〈2〉Is
this
the
museum
_____________
they
visited
last
month?
解析：先行词为the
museum，设空处在定语从句中充当visited的宾语，关系词可用which/that，也可省略。
〈3〉Is
this
the
museum
___________
they
paid
a
visit
last
month?
解析：pay
a
visit
to...为固定搭配。
the
one
which/that
to
which
⑨〈1〉It
was
10
o’clock
_______________
they
went
out
of
the
cinema.
解析：先行词为表示时间的名词，从句中缺少时间状语，故用when引导定语从句，也可用at
which。
〈2〉It
was
at
10
o’clock
________
they
went
out
of
the
cinema.
解析：本句为强调句。去掉It
was和设空处后剩余部分仍为一个完整的句子。
when/at
which
that
专项练习
Ⅰ．用适当的关系代词或副词填空
1．Self－driving
is
an
area
_________
China
and
the
rest
of
the
world
are
on
the
same
starting
line.
2．Do
you
like
the
book
____________
she
paid
$10?
3．Do
you
like
the
book
_____________
she
learned
a
lot?
4．Do
you
like
the
book
______________
she
often
talks?
5．The
tower
_____________
people
can
have
a
good
view
is
on
the
hill.
where
for
which
from
which
about
which
from
which
6．The
man
__________
I
spoke
on
the
phone
last
night
is
very
good
at
wrestling.
7．She
glanced
at
the
room
_________
four
men
were
talking
aloud.
8．Do
you
know
the
year
_______________
the
Chinese
Communist
Party
was
founded?
9．The
factory
________________
we
are
working
will
be
rebuilt
soon.
10．The
reason
_______________
she
did
it
is
that
she
wouldn’t
let
her
parents
feel
disappointed.
to
whom
where
when/in
which
where/in
which
why/for
which
Ⅱ．根据提示补全下列定语从句
1．This
is
the
museum
_______________________________.
这就是我们看到那幅名画的博物馆。(where)
2．We
live
in
an
age
________________________________
easily
than
ever
before.
我们生活在一个交流比以前更容易的时代。(when)
3．The
reason
________________
was
that
he
got
up
late.
他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。(why)
where
we
saw
the
famous
painting
when
people
can
communicate
more
why
he
was
late
4．The
documents
_____________________________
have
been
recovered.
他们寻找的文件已经找到了。(for
which)
5．This
is
the
teacher
_____________________________.
这就是我们从他那里学了很多东西的老师。(from
whom)
6．The
man
________________________
just
now
is
my
English
teacher.
刚刚和你谈话的那个人是我的英语老师。(to
whom)
for
which
they
were
searching
from
whom
we’ve
learned
a
lot
to
whom
you
were
talking
7．I’ll
never
forget
the
day
__________________________.
我永远都不会忘记入党的日子。(on
which)
8．The
factory
________________________
is
in
the
east
of
the
city.
父亲工作的那家工厂在城东。(in
which)
9．None
of
us
know
the
reason
________________________
from
the
meeting.
我们都不知道汤姆缺席会议的原因。(for
which)
10．Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
the
city
___________________.
我出生的城市发生了很大的变化。(in
which)
on
which
I
joined
the
Party
in
which
my
father
works
for
which
Tom
was
absent
in
which
I
was
born
Ⅲ．用适当的关系词填空
I
will
tell
you
a
story
______________
is
very
interesting.It
is
about
a
good
man
____________
is
called
Tom.Tom
married
a
girl
___________
name
is
Jane.Jane
is
the
girl
_________________
Tom
loves.They
live
in
a
house
_______________
was
built
by
Tom’s
father.It
is
an
old
house
___________
Tom
was
born.It
was
in
the
house
___________
he
was
born
that
they
got
married.Tom
likes
to
write
stories
and
Jane
loves
all
the
stories
__________
Tom
writes.They
have
5
children,
3
of
__________
are
boys.The
children
are
very
clever,
_____________
makes
Tom
very
happy.
1.that/which
2.who/that
3.whose
4.who/whom/that
5.that/which
6.where
7.where
8.that
9.whom
10.which
All
the
children
go
to
college,
__________
their
parents
expect.Tom
once
said
he
would
never
forget
the
day
____________
he
met
Jane.Tom
believes
that
Jane
is
the
most
beautiful
girl
____________
he
has
ever
met.That
is
the
reason
___________
he
wanted
to
marry
her.Jane
said
that
Tom
was
the
person
with
____________
she
would
live
for
a
whole
life.They
are
really
a
happy
couple,
from
____________
we
can
learn
a
lot.Their
children
live
in
a
family
_____________
their
parents
are
treating
them
like
friends.We
all
admire
the
way
____________
Tom
treats
his
children.He
is
a
good
man
with
____________
everyone
would
like
to
live.
11.as
12.when
13.that
14.why
15.whom
16.whom
17.where
18.that
19.whom
Tom
is
one
of
the
villagers
_______________
have
been
reported
in
the
newspaper
and
he
is
the
only
one
of
those
villagers
who
has
acted
in
a
film.
20.who/that
T
H
A
N
K
Thanks
for
listening!2021-2022学年人教高中英语必修一Unit5语法
关系副词和“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
一、关系副词引导的定语从句
引导定语从句的关系副词包括when,
where,
why，一般代替先行词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因。其具体用法见下表：
关系副词
先行词
在从句中所作的成分
when
表示时间
时间状语
where
表示地点
地点状语
why
表示原因
原因状语
1．when的用法
when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常为time，day，morning，night，week，year等表示时间的名词。
There
was
a
time
when
a
deep
blue
sky,
the
song
of
the
birds，moonlight
and
flowers
could
never
have
kept
me
spellbound.
曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花从未令我心迷神往过。
We
will
put
off
the
picnic
in
the
park
until
next
week,
when
the
weather
may
be
better.
我们将把在公园举行的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能比现在好。
【点津】
先行词是表示时间的词时，关系词是否用when，还需要判断关系词在从句中所作的成分。
We
still
remember
the
days
when
we
spent
our
holiday
together.
我们仍然记得我们在一起度假的那些日子。(when在从句中作时间状语)
We
still
remember
the
days
(that/which)
we
spent
together.
我们仍然记得我们一起度过的那些日子。(that/which在从句中作宾语)
2．where的用法
where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常为place，spot，street，house，room，city，town，country等表示地点的名词或point
(地步)，case(情况)，situation(情形)，position(位置)，stage(阶段)等表示抽象地点的名词。
The
movie
is
set
in
a
small
town
where
the
only
movie
theatre
is
preparing
to
close
down.
这部电影以一座小镇为背景，这座小镇唯一的电影院即将倒闭。
They
went
to
the
Royal
Theatre,
where
they
saw
an
interesting
play.
他们去了皇家剧院，在那里看了一场有趣的戏剧。
What
are
some
situations
where
body
language
is
the
only
form
of
communication?
在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式？
【点津】
先行词是表示地点的词时，关系词是否用where，还需要判断关系词在从句中所作的成分。
This
is
the
house
where
we
visited
the
famous
writer
last
year.
去年我们就是在这所房子里拜访了那位著名作家。(where在从句中作地点状语)
The
house(that/which)
we
visited
last
year
is
over
500
years
old.
我们去年参观的那个房子有500多年的历史了。(that/which在从句中作宾语)
3．why的用法
why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason，why在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。
I
have
come
around
to
explain
the
reason
why(＝for
which)
I
was
absent
from
the
meeting.
我来是为了解释我当时没有到会的原因的。
【点津】
先行词是reason时，关系词是否用why，还需要判断关系词在从句中所作的成分。
This
is
the
reason
why
he
was
late.
这就是他迟到的原因。(why在从句中原因作状语)
Please
tell
me
the
reason
(that/which)
he
explained
to
you.
请告诉我他向你解释的原因。(that/which在从句中作宾语)
4．the
way作先行词
首先要确定关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。
(1)如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用关系代词that或which。
The
way
(that/which)
he
thought
of
to
solve
the
problem
was
not
practical.
他所想到的解决这个问题的方法不切实际。
(2)如果关系词在定语从句中作状语，则用关系词in
which，that或省略。
This
is
the
way
(that/in
which)
he
learns
English.
这就是他学习英语的方法。
【随堂练习】
单句改错
①I
often
think
of
the
days
when
we
spent
on
the
island
together.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
②There
are
some
reasons
which
they
do
this.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
③I
hope
I
can
be
admitted
to
a
good
college,
which
I
will
have
a
chance
to
improve
my
English
further.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
④The
first
thing
I
would
say
is
that
the
way
which
you
begin
the
conversation
is
very
important.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
⑤The
boss
of
the
company
is
trying
to
create
an
easy
atmosphere
which
his
employees
enjoy
their
work.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
⑥This
is
the
museum
where
you
visited
the
other
day.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
⑦Have
you
ever
been
to
Wuhan,
where
I
left
5
years
ago?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：
①when→which/that或删除when 先行词为the
days，代入定语从句中作spent的宾语，因此选用关系代词which，that或者省略。
②在which前加for或which→why 先行词为some
reasons，代入定语从句后为they
do
this
for
some
reasons，因此用why或者for
which引导定语从句。
③在which前加in或which→where 先行词为a
good
college，代入非限制性定语从句后为...improve
my
English
further
in
the
college，因此用where引导，或使用in
which。
④在which前加in或which→that或删除which 先行词是the
way，代入到定语从句中充当方式状语，因此在which前加in，或which改为that，或删除which。
⑤在which前加in或which→where 先行词为atmosphere，代入定语从句后为his
employees
enjoy
their
work
in
this
atmosphere，关系词在定语从句中充当地点状语，也可采用“介词＋关系代词”的方式。因此用where或者in
which。
⑥where→that/which或删除where 关系词指代先行词museum，在定语从句中充当visited的宾语。
⑦where→which 引导词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Wuhan，引导词在从句中充当left的宾语且不能省去。
二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1．在这种结构中，若关系代词指人，只能用whom；若关系代词指物，只能用which。
It
was
in
1952
and
Mandela
was
the
black
lawyer
to
whom
I
went
for
advice.
那是在1952年，曼德拉当时是一位黑人律师，我向他寻求建议。
I’ll
never
forget
the
day
on
which
(＝when)
I
first
met
you.
我永远不会忘记初次见你的那一天。
This
is
the
town
in
which
(＝where)
Shakespeare
was
born.
这就是莎士比亚出生的城镇。
I
forgot
the
exact
place
to
which
(＝where)
I
had
paid
a
visit.
我忘记了已经参观过的确切地点。
There’s
no
reason
for
which
(＝why)
we
can
betray
our
friends.
我们没有理由背叛朋友。
I’d
like
you
to
explain
the
reason
for
which(＝why)
you
were
absent.
我想让你解释一下你没来的原因。
【点津】
“名词/代词/数词/最高级＋of＋关系代词”结构
比如：none/some/several/a
few/many/more/most/two/the
biggest
of
which/whom等。
The
journey
around
the
world
would
take
the
sailor
nine
months,
the
sailing
time
of
which
(＝of
which
the
sailing
time)
was
226
days.
环游世界花费了水手们九个月的时间，其中航行时间是226天。
Here
are
the
questions,
none
of
which
(＝of
which
none)
I
thought
are
difficult
for
you.
就是这些问题，我认为对你来说没有一个是困难的。
Present
at
the
meeting
were
almost
experts
on
AI,
most
of
whom
(＝of
whom
most)
were
male.
出席会议的大都是人工智能方面的专家，其中大部分是男性。
2．关系代词前介词的选用
(1)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定。
Close
friends
are
those
to
whom
you
feel
so
close
that
it
is
hard
to
imagine
life
without
them.
密友就是那些你感到如此亲近的人，以至于你无法想象没有他们的生活。(feel
close
to)
Charity
is
the
cause
to
which
he
is
devoted.
慈善是他挚爱的事业。(be
devoted
to)
(2)依据与先行词的搭配来确定。
This
is
the
farm
on
which
he
works.
这就是他工作的农场。(on
the
farm)
(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。
The
colourless
gas
without
which
we
cannot
live
is
called
oxygen.
这种无色的气体就是氧气，离开了它我们不能生存。
【注意】
有些“动词(＋名词)＋介词”的固定搭配，如look
for，look
after，call
on，take
care
of等，不能把介词提到关系代词前。
【随堂练习】
用“介词＋关系代词”填空
①Gun
control
is
a
subject
___over/about
which___
Americans
have
argued
for
a
long
time.
解析：先行词是subject，指物，argue为不及物动词，关系词在从句中作介词的宾语，介词前置，介词与从句的动词构成搭配argue
over/about
sth。
②We
must
work
even
harder
during
the
coming
winter
holiday
and
never
forget
that
we
are
part
of
the
school
___of
which__
the
name
is
Guangming
Senior
High
School.
解析：of
which
the
name＝the
name
of
which＝whose
name。故用of
which。
③In
our
class
there
are
46
students,
___of
whom__
half
wear
glasses.
解析：定语从句的主语可还原为half
of
the
students。因而使用of
whom。
④The
pen
__with
which__
he
is
writing
is
mine.
解析：根据搭配write
with
the
pen可知。应使用with
which。
⑤He
bought
a
book
yesterday,
the
writer
__of
which__
is
a
teacher.
解析：book是先行词，指物，还原到定语从句中为the
writer
of
the
book。故用of
which。
⑥I
don’t
think
the
number
of
the
people
__to
whom__
this
happens
is
very
large.
解析：people是先行词，指人，还原到定语从句中为this
happens
to
the
people。故用to
whom。
⑦In
the
street,
there
wasn’t
a
single
person
__to
whom__
she
could
turn
for
help.
解析：person是先行词，还原到定语从句中为she
could
turn
to
the
person
for
help。turn
to
sb
for
help是固定搭配，意为“求助于某人”。关系代词whom指代person。
⑧The
way
__in
which__
Miss
Liu
teaches
English
is
quite
different
from
Miss
Zhao’s.
解析：way是先行词，还原到定语从句中作状语，关系词有三种情况：that/in
which/不填。
三、使用定语从句应该注意的问题
1．定语从句中的主谓一致问题
当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词的数应与先行词保持一致。下面是定语从句在实际运用中需要注意的几个主谓一致的问题：
(1)I作先行词时，定语从句中谓语动词应该与I保持一致
I,
who
am
your
teacher,
will
try
to
solve
all
kinds
of
questions.
我作为你的老师，会尽力解决各种各样的问题。
(2)当关系代词as或which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句，且作从句的主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
China,
as
is
known
to
all.
众所周知，中国已经发生了天翻地覆的变化。
(3)当“one
of＋the(＋形容词最高级)＋复数名词”位于关系词前时，定语从句的先行词是复数名词，从句的谓语动词要用复数形式。
The
Summer
Palace
is
one
of
the
world－famous
places
of
interest
that
draw
lots
of
visitors.
颐和园是吸引着大批游客的世界名胜之一。
The
Lord
of
the
Rings
is
one
of
the
most
wonderful
movies
that
have
been
produced
in
Hollywood.
《指环王》是好莱坞制作的最精彩的电影之一。
【注意】
当“the
only
one
of＋the(＋形容词最高级)＋复数名词”位于关系词前时，定语从句的先行词是the
only
one，从句的谓语动词要用单数形式。
This
is
the
only
one
of
the
songs
in
the
album
that
is
sung
in
English.
这是这张专辑中唯一一首英文歌曲。
Titanic
is
the
only
one
of
the
most
wonderful
movies
that
has
been
produced
in
Hollywood.
在这些最精彩的电影中，《泰坦尼克号》是唯一一部好莱坞制作的影片。
2．from
where，since/until/by
when也可以引导定语从句。
He
stood
on
top
of
the
hill,
from
where
he
could
see
the
Yangtze
River.
他站在山顶上，从那里他能看到长江。(from
where＝from
which
place)
The
book
was
written
in
1946,
since
when
the
education
system
has
seen
great
changes.
这本书著于1946年，从那时起教育体制发生了重大变化。(since/until/
by
when＝since/until/by
which
time)
【随堂练习】
对比训练
①〈1〉This
is
one
of
the
most
interesting
films
that
__were__(be)
shown
last
week.
解析：关系词前有one
of
the
most
interesting
films，定语从句先行词为films，谓语动词要用复数。
〈2〉This
is
the
only
one
of
the
most
interesting
films
that
__was__(be)
shown
last
week.
解析：先行词为the
only
one，因此定语从句中谓语动词用单数。
②〈1〉He
has
two
sons,
both
of
__whom__
are
college
students.
解析：逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为two
sons，设空处前有介词of，因此用whom指代先行词。
〈2〉He
has
two
sons,
and
both
of
__them__
are
college
students.
解析：本句为并列句，因而第二个并列分句主语应是both
of
them，them指代two
sons。
③〈1〉He
still
lives
in
the
room
__whose__
window
faces
to
the
east.
解析：先行词为the
room，代入定语从句中从句的主语变为the
room’s
window，因此用whose。
〈2〉He
still
lives
in
the
room,
the
window
of
__which__
faces
to
the
cast.
解析：逗号后为非限制性定语从句，介词后指物用which。
〈3〉He
still
lives
in
the
room
__which/that__
is
on
the
third
floor.
解析：先行词为the
room，关系词在定语从句中作主语，因此用which/that。
〈4〉He
still
lives
in
the
room
__where/in
which__
there
is
a
beautiful
table.
解析：先行词为the
room，代入定语从句后为there
is
a
beautiful
table
in
the
room，设空处充当地点状语，因此用关系副词where，也可用in
which。
④〈1〉After
the
flooding，people
were
suffering
in
that
area,
__who/and__
urgently
needed
clean
water
and
medicine.
解析：设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，根据语境可知，先行词为people，故用who。who指代主句中的people。也可填and，连接两个并列谓语，主语都为people。
〈2〉After
the
flooding,
people
were
suffering
in
that
area,
___where/in
which___
clean
water
and
medicine
were
needed.
解析：先行词为area，代入定语从句后为clean
water
and
medicine
were
needed
in
that
area，从句中缺少地点状语，因此用where/in
which。
⑤〈1〉A
housing
bubble
is
an
economic
situation
___which/that___
occurs
when
house
prices
rise
much
too
fast.
解析：先行词为situation，设空处在从句中充当主语，因此用which/that。
〈2〉It’s
helpful
to
put
children
in
a
situation
__where/in
which__
they
can
see
themselves
differently.
解析：先行词为situation，设空处在从句中充当地点状语，因此使用where，也可使用in
which。
⑥〈1〉I’ll
never
forget
the
days
___when或during/on
which___
we
studied
together.
解析：先行词为the
days，设空处在定语从句中充当时间状语，因此用when，也可用during/on
which。
〈2〉I’ll
never
forget
the
days
___which/that___
we
spent
together.
解析：先行词为the
days，设空处在定语从句中充当spent的宾语。因此用which/that或省略关系词。
⑦〈1〉This
is
the
only
way
__that__
you
can
find.
解析：先行词为way，有the
only修饰，设空处在定语从句中充当宾语，因此不能使用which，而用that，that还可省略。
〈2〉I
don’t
like
the
way
___in
which/that___
he
spoke
to
his
mother.
解析：先行词为the
way，设空处在定语从句中充当方式状语，关系词可用in
which/that或省略关系词。
⑧〈1〉Is
this
museum
__the
one__
they
visited
last
month?
解析：疑问句转换成陈述句为This
museum
is
________
they
visited
last
month.。定语从句中缺少先行词。因此用the
one。
〈2〉Is
this
the
museum
__which/that___
they
visited
last
month?
解析：先行词为the
museum，设空处在定语从句中充当visited的宾语，关系词可用which/that，也可省略。
〈3〉Is
this
the
museum
___to
which__
they
paid
a
visit
last
month?
解析：pay
a
visit
to...为固定搭配。
⑨〈1〉It
was
10
o’clock
___when/at
which___
they
went
out
of
the
cinema.
解析：先行词为表示时间的名词，从句中缺少时间状语，故用when引导定语从句，也可用at
which。
〈2〉It
was
at
10
o’clock
___that___
they
went
out
of
the
cinema.
解析：本句为强调句。去掉It
was和设空处后剩余部分仍为一个完整的句子。
【专项练习】
Ⅰ．用适当的关系代词或副词填空
1．Self－driving
is
an
area
___where__
China
and
the
rest
of
the
world
are
on
the
same
starting
line.
2．Do
you
like
the
book
___for
which___
she
paid
$10?
3．Do
you
like
the
book
___from
which____
she
learned
a
lot?
4．Do
you
like
the
book
____about
which___
she
often
talks?
5．The
tower
___from
which___
people
can
have
a
good
view
is
on
the
hill.
6．The
man
___to
whom___
I
spoke
on
the
phone
last
night
is
very
good
at
wrestling.
7．She
glanced
at
the
room
___where___
four
men
were
talking
aloud.
8．Do
you
know
the
year
___when/in
which___
the
Chinese
Communist
Party
was
founded?
9．The
factory
___where/in
which___
we
are
working
will
be
rebuilt
soon.
10．The
reason
___why/for
which___
she
did
it
is
that
she
wouldn’t
let
her
parents
feel
disappointed.
Ⅱ．根据提示补全下列定语从句
1．This
is
the
museum
_____where
we
saw
the
famous
painting____.
这就是我们看到那幅名画的博物馆。(where)
2．We
live
in
an
age
______when
people
can
communicate
more_____
easily
than
ever
before.
我们生活在一个交流比以前更容易的时代。(when)
3．The
reason
_____why
he
was
late_____
was
that
he
got
up
late.
他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。(why)
4．The
documents
_____for
which
they
were
searching______
have
been
recovered.
他们寻找的文件已经找到了。(for
which)
5．This
is
the
teacher
____from
whom
we’ve
learned
a
lot______.
这就是我们从他那里学了很多东西的老师。(from
whom)
6．The
man
____to
whom
you
were
talking____
just
now
is
my
English
teacher.
刚刚和你谈话的那个人是我的英语老师。(to
whom)
7．I’ll
never
forget
the
day
____on
which
I
joined
the
Party____.
我永远都不会忘记入党的日子。(on
which)
8．The
factory
___in
which
my
father
works____
is
in
the
east
of
the
city.
父亲工作的那家工厂在城东。(in
which)
9．None
of
us
know
the
reason
____for
which
Tom
was
absent___
from
the
meeting.
我们都不知道汤姆缺席会议的原因。(for
which)
10．Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
the
city
___in
which
I
was
born___.
我出生的城市发生了很大的变化。(in
which)
Ⅲ．用适当的关系词填空
I
will
tell
you
a
story
___1.that/which__
is
very
interesting.It
is
about
a
good
man
___2.who/that___
is
called
Tom.Tom
married
a
girl
__3.whose__
name
is
Jane.Jane
is
the
girl
___4.who/whom/that___
Tom
loves.They
live
in
a
house
____5.that/which____
was
built
by
Tom’s
father.It
is
an
old
house
___6.where__
Tom
was
born.It
was
in
the
house
__7.where__
he
was
born
that
they
got
married.Tom
likes
to
write
stories
and
Jane
loves
all
the
stories
___8.that__
Tom
writes.They
have
5
children,
3
of
__9.whom___
are
boys.The
children
are
very
clever,
____10.which___
makes
Tom
very
happy.
All
the
children
go
to
college,
___11.as___
their
parents
expect.Tom
once
said
he
would
never
forget
the
day
___12.when___
he
met
Jane.Tom
believes
that
Jane
is
the
most
beautiful
girl
___13.that___
he
has
ever
met.That
is
the
reason
___14.why___
he
wanted
to
marry
her.Jane
said
that
Tom
was
the
person
with
___15.whom___
she
would
live
for
a
whole
life.They
are
really
a
happy
couple,
from
___16.whom___
we
can
learn
a
lot.Their
children
live
in
a
family
___17.where____
their
parents
are
treating
them
like
friends.We
all
admire
the
way
__18.that____
Tom
treats
his
children.He
is
a
good
man
with
__19.whom___
everyone
would
like
to
live.
Tom
is
one
of
the
villagers
____20.who/that___
have
been
reported
in
the
newspaper
and
he
is
the
only
one
of
those
villagers
who
has
acted
in
a
film.
