2021-2022学年初升高英语衔接课动词和动词语态 课件(共24张PPT)

(共24张PPT)
相约“动词和动词时态”
动词
考　点　概　览 考　查　角　度 考　查　频　次
动词分类 动词的分类及用法; 常见动词短语的用法 ★★★★
动词的时态 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时及现在完成时六种时态 ★★★★
分类 定　义 例　词 实 义 动 词 实义动词是指具有完整意义、可以单独作谓语的动词, 主要表示主语的动作、状态和品质。根据能否带宾语, 又分为及物动词和不及物动词 及物 动词 borrow, enjoy, put, forget, worry, love, guess, use
不及 物动 词 arrive, come, go, run, walk, cry, swim, fall, happen
连 系 动 词 连接主语和表示主语身份、性质、状态的动词称为连系动词 be, seem, look, become, get, grow, feel, appear, turn 分类 定　义 例　词
助 动 词 本身没有词义, 不能单独作谓语, 只能和别的动词一起构成谓语动词, 表示时态、语态、语气等特征。帮助构成否定、疑问、强调、省略等。有人称和数的变化 do (does, did, done), have (has, had), shall, will
情 态 动 词 情态动词表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等, 表示说话人的语气或情态。情态动词只能和动词原形一起构成谓语动词, 没有人称和数的变化 can, could, may, might, must, need, shall, should, will, would
动词的基本形式
动词的基本形式例子
原形 三单 现在分词 过去分词
work works working worked
go goes going went/gone
动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则
规　则 举　例
一般情况下直接加-s read—reads　write—writes
run—runs　swim—swims
以-ch, -sh, -s, -x或-o结尾的词加-es teach—teaches　wash—washes
go—goes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-es, 但“元音字母+y”则直接加-s try—tries　carry—carries
study—studies　stay—stays
play—plays　say—says
动词过去式的变化规则及读音
例　词 规律总结 读音规则
play→played; help→helped 一般直接加-ed ①清辅音后读
/t/, 如helped, laughed
②浊辅音、元音后读/d/, 如lived, stayed
③/t/和/d/后读
/Id/, 如needed, started
move→moved; use→used 以不发音的e结尾的加-d study→studied; carry→carried 以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加-ed stop→stopped; fit→fitted; fix→fixed 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母(x除外)结尾的重读闭音节双写结尾字母再加-ed 现在分词的变化规律
规律总结 例　词
以不发音的e结尾的动词去e再加-ing make→making
have→having
以一个单独发音的元音字母+一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节要双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ing swim→swimming
run→running
以-ie结尾的动词, 变ie为y, 再加-ing lie→lying
tie→tying
不符合上述情况的直接加-ing play→playing
sing→singing
动词的几种时态
1.一般现在时
定义：
1.表示经常性或习惯性的动作或者存在的状态，常与always, often, sometimes, every day等频率副词连用。
I am a teacher.
He usually gets up at five.
2.表示客观真理或自然规律。
The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东边升起。
1. He usually _____ TV on Sunday evening.
A. watch B. watches C. watching D. is watching
2. Nobody ______ how to run this machines.
A. know B. have known
C. knows D. is knowing
3. He _____ to do his lessons at eight every evening.
A. is beginning B. is beginning
C. begin D. begins
B
C
D
2.一般过去时
表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常见的时间状语：yesterday, last year, two days ago, in the past, the other day, this morning, just now, when I was young.
1. Paper _____ （be）first invented in China.
2. You know quite a lot about the show.
Well, Cathy (introduce)it to me during the lunch.
was
introduced
3.一般将来时
用　法 例　句
表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常与tomorrow, soon, later, next time, in+一段时间等连用 I’ll start tomorrow.
我明天动身。
1.tomorrow ,the day after tomorrow,
2. next week/month/year/summer,
3. in the future, in + 时间段，( in two days/weeks)
4. some day（将来某一天）
时间标志词
一般将来时
结构 含义
1. will/ shall do 主观性的，意愿性的将来
2. be going to do 客观性的，计划性的未来
和“天气”相关的将来
3. be to do 1)表示正式的将来，一般用在会议发言等场合；
2）用在if 条件从句的从句部分表示“如果想要”
4. be about to be about to …when….
“……正要……这时……”
5. be doing 表示移动的瞬间动词用在进行时表将来
4.现在进行时：表示正在发生的动作
例　句
Listen! The bird is singing in the tree.
听! 鸟儿正在树上唱歌。
The students were reading .
学生们正在读书。
构成：is/am/are+doing
5.过去进行时：表示过去某一时刻或者某一时间段正在进行或发生的动作
构成：was/were+doing
例　句
The bird was singing in the tree when I saw it yesterday.
当我昨天看到这只鸟的时候，它正在树上唱歌。
The students were reading while the teacher was grading their homework.
学生们在看书, 而老师在批改他们的家庭作业。
5. 现在完成时
(1)现在完成时的构成
have/has+动词的过去分词
have/has为助动词, 无实际意义
(2)现在完成时的用法
用　法 例　句
表示说话之前已经完成了的动作, 而且这个动作对现在仍有影响, 常与already, yet, in the past few yea9rs等时间状语连用 (1)I have seen the film already. 我已经看过这部电影了。(已知电影内容)
(2) I have studied in the school since 2009.
自从2009年我就在这所学校学习。
(3)一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
区　别 例　句
用 法 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯的叙述过去发生的事情, 强调过去, 与具体的表示过去的时间的词连用 Tom lived in Beijing two years ago. 两年前汤姆住在北京。(不知道现在是否还住在北京)
现在完成时的动作虽然是发生在过去, 但是对现在有影响 Tom has lived in Beijing for two years. 汤姆住在北京两年了。(现在汤姆仍然还在北京)
7. 过去完成时
(1) 构成: 主语+had+过去分词
(2)过去完成时的用法:
表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作(即“过去的过去”)。因此使用过去完成时必须以过去某一时间作为前提, 通常用by, before短语或when, before, after, until等引导的从句来表示。例如:
(1)After the sun had set, we decided to return home.
太阳落山以后, 我们决定回家。
(2) She wondered who had left the door open.
她想知道是谁让门开着的。
8. 过去将来时
(1)过去将来时的构成
①would +动词原形
②should +动词原形
③was/were + going to +动词原形
(2)过去将来时的用法
用　法 例　句
表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态; 常用的时间状语有two days later, the next week, the following day等 Tom said he would come.
汤姆说他要来的。
Linda said she was going to see her aunt.
琳达说她打算去看她的姑妈。
谓语动词的十大时态汇总
时 态 过去 过去将来 现在 将来
一般
进行
完成
完成进行
1. was, were
2.did
1. would be
2. would do
1. am, is are
2. do/ does
1. will be/ shall be
2. be going to do
3. be to do
4. be about to do
was/ were doing
am/ is/ are+ doing
had done
have/ has done
EXERCISE
1.What is he doing now
-He ______ a picture.
A. draws B. drew C. is drawing D. was drawing
2. Look! An elephant (come） this way.
3．It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just________(begin)
4.I （cook）a meal when you rang me.
5.It really ________ (annoy ) me when people don't behave themselves.
6.It was the first time that I （talk）to my parents face to face.
begun
C
is coming
was cooking
annoys
had talked