2022届高三英语语法专项突破 动词的时态和语态 学案

动词的时态和语态
【重难点突破】
考点一
一般现在时与一般过去时
一般现在时和一般过去时是近几年语法填空必考的语法项目，而且考查的均是最基本的用法。
(一)一般现在时
一般现在时常用来表示习惯性、经常性发生的动作或存在的状态。
1．谓语动词的构成：do/does(下面所有的谓语动词的构成皆以do为例)
2．基本用法
(1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。
常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always,
every
time,
now
and
then,
occasionally,
often,
seldom,
never,
sometimes,
usually,
every
day/night等连用。
On
Monday
mornings
it
usually
takes
me
an
hour
to
drive
to
work
although
the
actual
distance
is
only
20
miles.
周一早晨开车上班我一般要花费一个小时，虽然实际距离只有20英里。
(2)表示客观真理、格言或者警句等。
表示客观真理时，即使主句是一般过去时，宾语从句还要用一般现在时。
As
we
all
know,
the
earth
travels
around
the
sun.
众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。
(3)表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作。
谓语动词是come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return，live，fly等，可以用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作。
My
dream
school
starts
at
8∶30
am
and
ends
at
3∶30
pm.
我理想的学校上午8∶30上课，下午3∶30放学。
(4)在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
They
will
stand
by
you
even
if
you
don't
succeed.
即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。
名师点津　动词第三人称的构成
一般情况直接加?s
work→works　
get→getssay→says　　　read→reads
结尾为?s,
?x,
?sh,
?ch或?o，在词尾加?es
discuss→discusseswash→washes　fix→fixesteach→teaches　　go→goes
结尾为“辅音字母＋y”，变y为i再加?es
carry→carries　study→studiestry→tries　fly→flies　cry→cries
(二)一般过去时
1．谓语动词的构成：did
2．基本用法
(1)表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示具体的过去时间状语连用，如yesterday，last
month，just
now，the
other
day，three
days
ago，in
1989等。
[2019·江苏卷]
A
few
months
after
he
had
arrived
in
China,
Mr.
Smith
fell
in
love
with
the
people
and
culture
there.
史密斯先生到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。
(2)在时间、条件等状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
He
said
he
would
tell
her
about
the
news
as
soon
as
he
met
her.
他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。
(3)有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know,
think,
expect,
want等。
Edward,
you
play
so
well.
But
I
didn't
know
you
played
the
piano.
爱德华，你弹得真好。但是我原来不知道你会弹钢琴。
(4)常见句型：
①It
is
time
that
sb.
should
do/did
sth.该到……的时候了
②It
is/has
been＋一段时间＋since...did
sth.自从做某事已经一段时间了
③would/had
rather
sb.
did
sth.宁愿某人做某事
It
is
time
that
we
took
action
to
protect
our
environment.
该到我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。
As
far
as
I
know，it
is/has
been
three
years
since
he
joined
the
army.
据我所知，他参军三年了。
(5)句中暗含有表示过去的时间状语。
George
said
that
he
would
come
to
school
to
see
me
the
next
day，but
he
didn't.
乔治说他会在第二天来学校看我，但是他没有来。
名师点津　动词过去式的构成
一般情况在动词后加?ed
work→workedplay→playedwant→wanted
以不发音的?e结尾的动词后加?d
hope→hopedlike→liked
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加?ed
study→studiedtry→tried
以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加?ed
stop→stoppedprefer→preferredadmit→admittedpermit→permitted
题组微练(单句语法填空)
1．[2020·新高考山东卷]The
80,000
objects
collected
by
Sir
Hans
Sloane,
for
example,
________
(form)
the
core
collection
of
the
British
Museum
which
opened
in
1759.
2．[2020·全国卷Ⅲ]When
he
asked
the
villagers
on
the
banks
of
the
river
where
he
could
find
the
legendary
(传奇的)
artist,
they
smiled
and
________
(point)
down
the
river.
3．[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]While
running
regularly
can't
make
you
live
forever,
the
review
says
it
________
(be)
more
effective
at
lengthening
life
than
walking,
cycling
or
swimming.
4．[2020·浙江卷7月]
This
style
of
farming
lasted
for
quite
a
long
time.
Then，with
the
rise
of
science，changes
began.
New
methods
________
(mean)
that
fewer
people
worked
in
farming.
5．[2020·北京卷]She
________
(persuade)
me
to
join
the
poetry
and
lit
in
me
a
fire
for
literature.
考点二
现在进行时、过去进行时与将来进行时
(一)现在进行时
1．谓语动词的构成：＋doing
2．基本用法
(1)表示此刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态，常与时间状语now，at
the
moment，at
present等连用。
We
are
facing
today
a
strange
new
world
and
we
are
all
wondering
what
we
are
going
to
do
with
it.
我们今天面对的是一个陌生的新世界，并且我们都在想我们将要怎么对待它。
(2)一些特定的表示动作趋向性的短暂性动词come，go，leave，get，start，open，arrive，begin，return等常用现在进行时表将来。
I
am
leaving
for
Shanghai
to
attend
an
important
international
meeting.
我要出发去上海参加一个重要的国际会议。
(3)现在进行时态与频率副词always，constantly连用表达某种感彩，如不满、厌恶、赞赏等。
You
are
always
forgetting
the
important
thing.
你总是把重要的事情忘掉。(表达出不满的情绪)
(二)过去进行时
1．谓语动词的构成：＋doing
2．基本用法
(1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常与表示过去的时间状语从句以及时间状语at
that
time,
at
that
moment,
at
this
time
yesterday,
at
ten
o'clock
yesterday等连用。
[2018·北京卷]Susan
had
quit
her
well?paid
job
and
was
working
as
a
volunteer
in
the
neighborhood
when
I
visited
her
last
year.
苏珊已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候，她正在一个社区里做志愿者。
(2)表示一个过去的动作正在进行时，另一个过去的动作发生了，常与when,
while引导的时间状语从句连用。
Jack
was
working
in
the
lab
when
the
power
cut
occurred.
突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。
(3)表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作，此用法常见动词有go，begin，leave，arrive，come，return等。
I
was
coming
to
visit
you
later
that
day，but
I
had
to
phone
and
cancel.
我本打算那天晚些时候去看你，但是我不得不打电话取消了。
(三)将来进行时
1．谓语动词的构成：will
be
doing
2．基本用法
表示将来某一时刻或某一时间段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如at
this
time
tomorrow,
by
then,
from
1：30
to
4：30
tomorrow等。
Jane
can't
attend
the
meeting
at
3
o'clock
this
afternoon
because
she
will
be
teaching
a
class
at
that
time.
简不能参加今天下午三点的会，因为那个时间段她有课。
This
time
next
week
I'll
be
lying
on
the
beach，enjoying
the
sunshine.
下星期这个时候，我正躺在海滩上，享受着阳光。
名师点津　动词进行时的构成
一般情况在词尾直接加?ing
work→workingstudy→studying
以不发音的?e结尾的动词，去e再加?ing
write→writingtake→takingface→facing
“辅音＋元音＋辅音”结尾的重读闭音节词，
且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写词尾辅音字母，再加?ing
cut→cuttingbegin→beginningswim→swimmingrun→runningput→puttingplan→planningsit→sitting
以?ie结尾的动词，变?ie为y再加?ing
lie→lyingdie→dying
题组微练(单句语法填空)
1．[2020·江西省重点中学盟校联考]At
present,
Tech
giants
Apple
and
Google
________
(team)
up
to
create
a
system
that
would
let
smartphone
users
know
when
they've
come
into
contact
with
someone
who
has
COVID－19.
2．[2017·天津卷]I
________
(drive)
down
to
London
when
I
suddenly
found
that
I
was
on
the
wrong
road.
考点三
现在完成时、过去完成时与现在完成进行时
(一)现在完成时
1．谓语动词的构成：＋done
2．基本用法
(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常用的时间状语：already，so
far，never，just，before，recently，for
a
long
time，in
the
past/last
few
years等。
[2019·江苏卷]The
musician
along
with
his
band
members
has
given
ten
performances
in
the
last
three
months.
在过去的三个月里，这位音乐家和他的乐队成员们已经进行了十场演出。
(2)表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态，常与“since＋时间点”或“for＋时间段”等表示一段时间的状语连用。
His
first
novel
has
received
good
reviews
since
it
came
out
last
month.
他的第一部小说自上个月出版以来就获得了很好的评价。
3．现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作
Please
return
the
book
to
me
when
you
have
finished
it.
当你读完这本书请归还给我。
名师指津　(1)注意牢记以下固定句型：
①It
is/has
been＋时间段＋since...表示“自从……以来已经……”。
It
is/has
been
ten
years
since
I
graduated
from
the
university.
我大学毕业已十年了。
②This/It/That
is
the
first/second/third...time
that...表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”，that从句中要用现在完成时。
It
is
the
first
time
that
I
have
visited
the
city.
这是我第一次游览这座城市。
③This
is＋the＋形容词最高级＋名词＋that...结构，that从句要用现在完成时。
This
is
the
best
film
that
I've
(ever)
seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
(2)注意避免思维定式：一看到for＋时间段，就用动词的现在完成时态。一定要看语境强调是“该动作曾经做过多长时间”(一般过去时)，还是“该动作已经做完多长时间”(现在完成时)。
Yang
Zhenning
lived
in
America
for
many
years
and
now
he
lives
in
China.
杨振宁在美国定居多年，现在他生活在中国。
Dashan
has
lived
in
China
for
many
years.
大山在中国住了许多年。
(二)过去完成时
1．谓语动词的构成：had＋done
2．基本用法
(1)表示到过去某一时间之前动作已经完成即“过去的过去”，常见的时间状语有by...，until...，when...，before...等。
When
he
was
in
Beijing，he
visited
places
where
he
had
played
as
a
child.
他在北京的时候游览了他儿时曾玩过的地方。
By
the
time
Jack
returned
home
from
England，his
son
had
already
graduated
from
college.
杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。
(2)表示意向的动词，如hope，wish，expect，think，intend，mean，suppose
等，用过去完成时表示“原本……(事实上未能……)”。
[2019·天津卷]I
had
hoped
to
send
Peter
a
gift
to
congratulate
him
on
his
marriage,
but
I
couldn't
manage
it.
我本希望送给彼得一个礼物祝贺他结婚了，但我没能做到。
(3)表示一个过去的动作先于另一过去的动作发生，这种情况多见于宾语从句。
It
took
me
a
long
time
before
I
was
able
to
fully
appreciate
what
they
had
done
for
me.
过了好久我才能够完全理解他们为我做那些事。
(4)过去完成时的常用句型
①It
was
the
first/second...time
that...
这是第一/第二……次……
It
was
the
third
time
that
the
boy
had
been
late.
这是那个男孩第三次迟到了。
②had
hardly...when刚……就……；had
no
sooner...than一……就……。如：
I
had
hardly
opened
the
door
when
he
hit
me.
我刚打开门，他就打了我。
He
had
no
sooner
bought
the
car
than
he
sold
it.
他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。
(三)
现在完成进行时
1．谓语动词的构成：been＋doing
2．基本用法
(1)常用来表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。
I'm
tired
out.
I
have
been
shopping
all
afternoon
and
I
don't
seem
to
have
finished
anything.
我累坏了。我整个下午都在购物，我好像什么事也没完成。
Tom
has
been
working
in
the
library
every
night
over
the
last
three
months.
在过去的三个月里，汤姆每天晚上都在图书馆工作。
(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。
I
have
been
calling
him
many
times
this
morning，but
there's
no
answer.
今天早晨我一直给他打了很多电话，但是没人接。
◎题组微练(单句语法填空)
1．[2020·浙江卷7月]
By
about
6000
BC,
people
________
(discover)
the
best
crops
to
grow
and
animals
to
raise.
2．[2019·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空]I
love
coming
here
and
seeing
my
family
and
all
the
friends
I
________
(make)
over
the
years.
I
work
not
because
I
have
to，but
because
I
want
to.
3．[2021·高三八校第二次联考]According
to
HuffPost,
more
than
3
million
people
in
the
United
States
are
vegans.
In
the
UK,
about
542,000
people
________
(choose)
veganism
over
the
past
decade.
4．[2021·安徽省高三联考]Quanzhou
is
also
known
for
its
thriving
private
economy.
The
past
four
decades
________
(see)
the
birth
of
tens
of
thousands
of
private
businesses
and
hundreds
of
famous
brands.
考点四
一般将来时和过去将来时
(一)一般将来时
1．表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态常用以下四种结构
(1)will/shall＋动词原形
(2)be
going
to＋动词原形
(3)be
to＋动词原形
(4)be
about
to
do
sth.
2．基本用法
(1)一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，即单纯的将来事实。
He
will
graduate
from
Beijing
University
next
year.
明年，他将毕业于北京大学。
(2)be
going
to
do
sth.表示计划、打算要做某事或者有预兆要发生某事。
Look
at
the
cloud.
It
is
going
to
rain.
瞧那乌云，天要下雨了。
(3)be
to
do
sth.表示按计划或安排即将要做某事，或者按照职责、义务、规定等要做某事。
We
are
to
obey
these
rules
when
we
go
into
the
library.
当我们去图书馆时，我们要遵守这些规章制度。
(4)
be
about
to
do
sth.表示即将要发生某事。该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用。
The
train
is
about
to
leave.
火车即将开出。
(二)过去将来时
1．谓语动词的构成：
2．基本用法
过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即过去将来时是“立足过去，着眼未来”的一种时态，常用于宾语从句中。
The
shops
would
soon
close，and
all
the
people
would
go
home.
这个商店不久将关闭，所有的人将回家。
◎题组微练(单句语法填空)
1．[2019·浙江卷语法填空]When
every
pupil
in
the
school
wears
the
uniform，nobody
________
(have)
to
worry
about
fashion
(时尚)．
2．[2021·浙江嘉兴基础测试]They
made
up
their
minds
that
they
________
(buy)
a
new
house
once
Larry
changed
jobs.
考点五
语态
1.被动语态在各种时态中的运用
时态
被动语态的构成
一般现在时
am/is/are
done
一般过去时
was/were
done
一般将来时
shall/will
be
done
现在进行时
am/is/are
being
done
过去进行时
was/were
being
done
现在完成时
have/has
been
done
过去完成时
had
been
done
将来完成时
shall/will
have
been
done
[2019·江苏卷]They
are
trying
to
make
sure
that
5G
terminals
will
have
been
installed
by
2022
for
the
Beijing
Winter
Olympics.
他们正在努力确保到2022年时为北京冬奥会安装5G信号终端。
[2018·北京卷]A
rescue
worker
risked
his
life
saving
two
tourists
who
had
been
trapped
in
the
mountains
for
two
days.
一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。
[2018·天津卷]My
washing
machine
is
being
repaired
this
week,
so
I
have
to
wash
my
clothes
by
hand.
这周我的洗衣机正在维修，所以我不得不用手洗衣服。
2．不能用被动语态的特殊动词
(1)系动词类(look，seem，feel，taste，sound，prove，appear等)。
(2)表示主语特征的词(read，wash，write，sell，wear，lock等)，常与not，hardly，well，easily，badly，nicely等副词连用。
This
kind
of
cloth
washes
easily.
这种布料容易洗。
(3)有些动词及短语不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have,
cost,
own,
belong
to,
take
part
in,
come
into
being,
date
from,
take
place，run
out等。
3．get构成的表示被动的短语
此类短语主要有get
paid/lost/hurt等。
We
get
paid
every
week.
我们按周获得薪酬。
4．主动形式表示被动意义
(1)在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词；
worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The
house
needs
repairing/to
be
repaired.
这房子需要修理。
(2)在某些“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋不定式”中不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。
The
problem
is
difficult
to
work
out.
这道题很难计算出。
◎题组微练(单句语法填空)
1．[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]
“This
really
excites
scientists，”Carle
Pieters,
a
scientist
at
Brown
University,
says,
“because
it
means
we
have
the
chance
to
obtain
information
about
how
the
moon
________
(construct)．”
2．[2020·新高考山东卷]The
parts
of
a
museum
open
to
the
public
________
(call)
galleries
or
rooms.
3．[2020·浙江卷7月]
Farming
produced
more
food
per
person
than
hunting
and
gathering,
so
people
were
able
to
raise
more
children.
And,
as
more
children
were
born,
more
food
________
(need)．
4．[2021·山东省滨州市一模]In
those
toughest
days,
donations
in
cash
and
kind
________
(make)
to
help
battle
the
disease.
Thanks
to
the
joint
efforts,
everything
is
getting
better
and
better.
5．[2021·河南省高三质量检测]Plastic
microbeads
or
tiny
solid
plastic
particles
________
(use)mostly
in
cosmetics
production,
face
washes,
toothpastes
and
other
products.
When
we
use
these
things,
the
plastic
microbeads
get
into
our
pipes
that
carry
water,
and
eventually
end
up
in
the
ocean.
6．[2021·成都第二次诊断]Hot
pot
restaurants
can
________
(find)
on
pretty
much
every
street
in
Chengdu，but
the
quality
and
taste
can
vary
hugely.
【经典试题过关】
语法填空解题技法
典例感悟
1．[2020·天津卷]The
number
of
medical
schools
reached
18
in
the
early
1990s
and
________
(remain)
around
that
level
ever
since.
2．[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]The
unmanned
Chang'e?4
probe
(探测器)—the
name
was
inspired
by
an
ancient
Chinese
moon
goddess—
________
(touch)
down
last
week
in
the
South
Pole?Aitken
basin.
3．[2021·山东模考卷]The
way
she
held
their
hands,
________
(touch)
their
faces
and
just
looked
at
them,
you
could
tell
they
had
such
a
special
bond.
4．[2019·全国卷Ⅱ]Picking
up
her
“Lifetime
Achievement”
award,
proud
Irene
________
(declare)
she
had
no
plans
to
retire
from
her
36?year?old
business.
5．[2019·6月浙江卷]One
study
in
America
found
that
students'
grades
________
(improve)
a
little
after
the
school
introduced
uniforms.
6．[2021·沈阳监测]This
was
the
first
time
I
________
(experience)
sandstorms
and
I
don't
ever
want
to
be
in
one
again.
7．[2021·濮阳市高三毕业班第二次模拟]Greta
Thunberg,
a
16?year?old
Swedish
climate
change
activist,
________
(elect)
as
2019's
“Person
of
The
Year”
last
week.
8．[2021·江西省南昌市高三二模]Eggs
are
great
for
breakfast
and
can
________
(cook)
in
different
ways.
One
topic
of
debate,
however,
is
why
brown
chicken
eggs
usually
cost
more
than
white
ones.
答题微点
搞定语法填空的“3原则”
原则1　慧眼识别标志词
在高考语法填空中，有时会给出时间标志，考生可根据所给标志词或时间状语轻松得出答案。
原则2　细心辨语境，瞻前顾后找并列
1．细心辨语境：仔细分析设空处所在句前后句子中的谓语动词的时态，弄清动作发生的时间及顺序，确定所填谓语动词的时态。
2．瞻前顾后找并列：
①可根据并列连词and,
but,
or,
rather
than,
neither
...nor
...，not
only
...but
also
...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态；
②同一个主语连接两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。
原则3　固定句式要牢记，主从时态要呼应
1．was/were
doing
sth.
when
sb.
did
...
2．It
is/has
been＋一段时间＋since
sb./sth.
did
...
3．This/It/That
is/was
the
first/second
...time
that
...从句要用现在完成时/过去完成时
4．It's
(high)
time
that
...did/should
do
sth.
5．祈使句＋and/or
＋主语＋
将来时
把握逻辑关系，分析主动或被动
要确定谓语动词的语态，分析语境，弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系是确定谓语动词语态的关键。
参考答案
重难点突破
考点一
1．答案与解析：formed　考查动词时态。根据上文内容以及时间状语
in
1759可知，应用一般过去时。
2．答案与解析：pointed　考查时态。空处与smiled构成并列谓语，故用一般过去时。
3．答案与解析：is　此处the
review
says后跟的是宾语从句，主句谓语动词为一般现在时，宾语从句与主句的时态应保持一致，空格处应用一般现在时；且宾语从句中的主语为it，故填is。
4．答案与解析：meant　考查动词的时态。结合句意可知，New
methods与mean是主谓关系，同时结合前两句的时态为一般过去时，故填meant。
5．答案与解析：persuaded　考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“lit
in
me
a
fire
for
literature”可知，此处表述的是过去发生的事情，故填persuaded。
考点二
1．答案与解析：are
teaming　考查时态。句意：目前，科技巨头苹果公司和谷歌公司正在合作开发一个系统，可以让智能手机用户知道他们是否接触了新冠肺炎患者。
根据时间状语at
present可知，是叙述现在正在发生的情况，因此用现在进行时be
doing，表示现阶段正在进行的动作；主语Tech
giants
Apple
and
Google中giants是复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式。
2．答案与解析：was
driving　此处是be
doing
...when
...句型，意为“正在做……，这时(突然)……”。由从句的谓语动词found可知，主句应用过去进行时。
考点三
1．答案与解析：had
discovered　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语By
about
6000
BC可知，句子谓语动词用过去完成时，故填had
discovered。
2．答案与解析：have
made　考查时态。根据空格后的时间状语over
the
years可知，句子要用现在完成时。
3．答案与解析：have
chosen　考查现在完成时。句意：据《赫芬顿邮报》报道，美国有超过三百万人都是纯素食主义者。在过去的十年间，英国大约有54.2万人选择了素食。时间状语over
the
past
decade句子要用现在完成时。
4．答案与解析：has
seen/have
seen　考查时态。句意：在过去的四十年里，数以万计的私营企业和数百个著名品牌应运而生。分析句子结构可知，空处填时态，再根据句意可知，the
past
four
decades是句子的主语，此处用现在完成时，谓语动词可用复数，也可以用单数，故填has
seen/have
seen。
考点四
1．答案与解析：has/will
have　考查时态和主谓一致。空格前面的从句用了一般现在时，主句谓语动词应该用一般现在时或者一般将来时。而句子主语nobody是第三人称单数，所以当句子为一般现在时态时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。
2．答案与解析：would
buy　句意：他们决定一旦拉里换了工作，他们就买座新房子。that引导的从句为复合句，其中once引导的时间状语从句用的是一般过去时，故主句用过去将来时。
考点五
1．答案与解析：is
constructed　考查被动语态。此处表示“月球是如何构成的”，应用被动语态，且此处描述的是客观情况，故填is
constructed。
2．答案与解析：are
called　考查一般现在时的被动语态。分析句子结构可知，该句主语为The
parts
of
a
museum，设空处为谓语动词，与主语之间为被动关系，结合语境可知这里为客观事实，故此处用一般现在时的被动语态。
3．答案与解析：was
needed　考查动词的时态和语态。结合句意“出生的孩子越多，需要的粮食就越多”可知，more
food与need构成被动关系，且文章的基本时态为一般过去时，故填was
needed。
4．答案与解析：were
made　考查一般过去时态的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：在那些最艰难的日子里，现金和实物捐赠被用来帮助抗击疾病。根据In
those
toughest
days可知这里在指过去的事情，句子主语donations是复数形式，和make之间是被动关系，所以此处用一般过去时态的被动语态。
5．答案与解析：are
used　考查时态和语态。句意：塑料微珠或细小的固体塑料微粒在化妆品、洗面奶、牙膏和其他产品中被广泛使用。该段的主时态是一般现在时，Plastic
microbeads
or
tiny
solid
plastic
particles和use之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
6．答案与解析：be
found　考查动词的语态。动词find和句子主语Hot
pot
restaurants之间是被动关系，故应用被动语态。
【经典试题过关】
语法填空解题技法
1．答案与解析：has
remained　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。ever
since是解题关键，与现在完成时连用。“the
number
of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
2．答案与解析：touched　时间状语last
week
可判断用一般过去时。
3．答案与解析：touched　有标志词and前后的谓语动词形式一致原则，确定谓语动词touch的时态与looked一致。
4．答案与解析：declared　分析句子结构可知，主句中缺少谓语动词；结合后面的had可知，此处应使用一般过去时。
5．答案与解析：improved　主句谓语动词是found，用了一般过去时，此处从句时态应该与之保持一致。
6．答案与解析：had
experienced　考查动词时态。此题考查固定句式
“This
was
the
first
time
that
sb.
had
done
sth.”可知，从句用过去完成时。
7．答案与解析：was
elected　考查时态和语态。分析句子可知，此处是句子谓语动词，主语Greta
Thunberg和elect之间是被动关系，由last
week判断为一般过去时，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，故填was
elected。
8．答案与解析：be
cooked　考查动词语态。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且can后跟动词原形。