人教版（2019）必修第二册Unit 5 Music同步语法讲练—— 过去分词作表语和状语（含答案）

高中英语必修第二册Unit5
语法精讲：过去分词作表语和状语
一、过去分词作表语
1．意义：用在系动词后面，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态，此时过去分词大多已变成了形容词。
I
felt?confused，evenbored.
我有点迷惑不解，甚至有点烦。
We
were?encouraged?at
the
news.
听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。
2．过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。这一结构从形式上与被动语态相同，但被动语态强调主语所承受的动作。试比较：
The
book
iswell?written.这本书写得好。
The
book
waswritten?by
a
soldier.
这本书是由一位士兵写的。
3．感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别。
英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音、笑容或表情等。常用的这类词有：
We
were?surprised?at
what
he
said
at
themeeting.我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。His
wordswere?discouraging，which
made
many
people?discouraged.他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。二、过去分词(短语)作状语(一)过去分词(短语)作状语的具体用法表示被动的或完成的动作，这时句子的主语和过去分词之间为逻辑上的被动关系。而现在分词(短语)作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。Written?in
a
hurry，thisarticle
was
not
so
good.因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。本句中的written即为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写完。过去分词(短语)通常在句中作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语和伴随状语等。1．过去分词作时间状语，在句中相当于一个时间状语从句。Asked?about
his
address(＝Whenhe
was
asked
about
his
address)，the
little
boy
didn’t
respond.问及他的地址时，小男孩没有作答。2．过去分词作原因状语，在句中相当于一个原因状语从句。Annoyed?at
the
decision(＝Ashe
was
annoyed
at
the
decision)，he
refused
to
attend
themeeting.由于对这个决定很生气，他拒绝参加会议。3．过去分词作条件状语，在句中相当于一个条件状语从句。Given?more
time(＝Ifthey
were
given
more
time)，the
trees
could
growtaller.如果再多给一点时间，这些树会长得更高。Heated?to
a
high
temperature(＝Ifit
is
heated
to
a
high
temperature)，waterwill
change
into
vapor.如果加热到高温，水就能变成蒸气。4．过去分词作让步状语，在句中相当于一个让步状语从句。Left?(＝Although
he
was
left)alone
at
home，John
didn’t
feel
afraid
at
all.虽然约翰被单独留在家里，但他一点都不害怕。5．过去分词作方式、伴随状语。Followed?by
a
group
of
students，theteacher
entered
the
classroom.＝The
teacher
entered
theclassroom
and
he
was?followed?by
agroup
of
students.老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生。注意：过去分词(短语)作状语时，前面有时可以加上when，if，while，though，even
if，until，unless等连词，这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句(省略部分多为“主语＋be的多种形式”)。需要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或是it。Even
if?invited(＝Even
if
I’minvited)，I
won’ttake
part
in
the
party.即使受到邀请，我也不会参加这个聚会的。拓展　部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost
in(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、lost/absorbed(沉溺于)、dressedin(穿着)、tired
of(厌烦了)等。Lost/Absorbed
in?deep
thought，she
didn’t
hear
the
sound.由于陷入沉思，所以她没有听到那个声音。Dressed
in?a
new
dress，she
looks
very
beautiful.穿着一件新衣服，她看上去很漂亮。(二)过去分词作状语时的位置过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。Told
that
his
mother
was
ill，Li
Lei
hurried
home
quickly.(原因状语)得知母亲生病了，李雷迅速赶回了家。The
old
manwalked
into
the
room，supportedby
his
son.(方式状语)老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。(三)过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。助记　分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语，主语是问题。前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用-ing，被动用-ed。Used?for
a
long
time，thebook
looks
old.(动宾关系)由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈旧。Using?the
book，Ifind
it
very
useful.(主谓关系)在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。注意：无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。If
caught，the
police
will
punish
the
thief.(×)If
caught，the
thief
will
be
punished
by
the
police.(√)If
the
thief
is
caught，thepolice
will
punish
him/her.(√)
【巩固练习】
一．用所给动词的正确形式填空
1.
__________(paint)
in
dark
colours,
theroom
needed
some
bright
lights.
2.
___________(unemploy),
Dave
had
time
toconsider
what
job
he
really
wanted.
3.
___________(move)
by
his
romantic
words,the
girl
accepted
his
gift.
4.
__________(correct)
by
his
teacher
fromtime
to
time,
he
lost
interest
in
singing.
5.
_________(record)
in
a
new
way,
thealbum
was
expected
to
be
popular
with
techno
fans.
6.
__________(invite)
to
perform
on
thestage,
he
felt
nervous
and
excited.
7.The_________look?on?her?face?suggested?that?shewas?________?by?the?________?scene.(frighten)
8.The?news?was________?and?they?were?all?________?atit.(excite)
9.?We?all?felt?__________?at?the?__________news.(encourage)
10.The?audience?were?all?________?to?tears?by?the?________film.(move)
11.Children,
when
________(accompany)
bytheir
parents,
are
allowed
to
enter
the
stadium.
12.While?waiting?for?the?opportunity?to?get?_________(promote),
Henry?did?his?best?to?perform?his?duty.
13.Why?do?you?always?look?________(tire)?
14.I?was?________(disappoint)?at?the?film?I?saw?last?night.I?had
expected?it?to?be?better.
15.Just
now
I
saw
him
sitting
under
the
tree,
________(absorb)
in
his
videogames.
16._______(lose)
in
thought,
he
didn’t
hearthe
bell.
17.
Highly
_______(interest)
in
music,Henry
began
to
write
original
compositions
when
he
was
in
high
school.
18._______(please)
with
his
music
andsongs,
they
finally
invited
him
to
perform
in
the
Silver
Hall.
19.Though
_______(affect)
by
gradualblindness
soon
after
the
performance,
Henry
was
still
capable
of
writingcompositions
and
he
found
that
creating
music
was
a
relief
and
cure
for
hisillness.
20.______(absorb)
in
his
world
of
music,
hefelt
as
if
he
could
"see"
the
beauty
of
the
world
around
him,
like
hehad
in
his
previous
life.
?
二．用所给动词的正确形式完成短文
?
Well
1_______(know)
as
a
successful
band,the
Impact
members
show
quite
a
few
2____(strike)
qualities.
They
never
evergive
up.
When
3
_________
(question)
by
the
media,
they
are
not
4___________(discourage)
and
practise
even
harder.
They
are
improving
themselves
byattending
several
master
training
classes.
They
are
united.
5_________
(fill)with
team
spirit,
they
act
as
a
whole,
always
aiming
for
glory.
?
答案：一。1.
Painted
?2.Unemployed
3.Moved
?4.Corrected
?5.Recorded
6.Invited
7.
frightened
;frightened;
frightening?
8.
exciting;
excited?
9.encouraged
;
encouraging?
10.moved;
moving?
11.accompanied?
12.promoted?13.tired??
14.disappointed?
15.absorbed?16.Lost?
17.
interested?
18.
Pleased
19.
affected
20.
Absorbed
二．1.known?
2.
striking?3.questioned?
4.discouraged?
5.Filled