虚拟语气---写作运用
复习If
虚拟条件句的
主句和从句的谓语动词的时态
时间
???if?条件句谓语?
????????????主句?
谓语动词
与现在事实相反
?动词过去式(be动词用were)
would/could/should/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反
??had+过去分词
(过去完成时)
would/could/should/might
+
have+过去分词
(现在完成时)
与将来事实相反
动词过去式should+动词原形were
to+动词原形
would/could/should/might
+动词原形
虚拟语气的运用(应用文篇)
上节课我们讲了虚拟语气的所有的用法，这节课让我们来继续探究如何将虚拟语气语法运用到写作中，让虚拟语气变为增强书面表达水平的利器。
A.
It
is
(high)
time
that+
主语+谓语过去式
表示“现在到了该做。。。的时候了”。
该句型主要用于呼吁人们立刻行动起来做某事。很适合用在倡议信的二段“倡议行动”的表述中，如：
请用It
is
(high)
time
that+主语+谓语过去式
表达：
现在到了我们该采取措施(measure)去保护野生动物的时候了。
→______________________________________________________________________________.
B.
It
is
urgent(紧急的)
that+主语+(should)+原形
表示：“。。。已是刻不容缓”。该句型同样用于呼吁人们针对某个问题立刻行动起来。也是倡议信第二段中提出具体倡议行为时，使表达丰富的手段，如：
请用It
is
urgent
that+主语+(should)+原形
表达：
减少私家车的使用已是刻不容缓。
→______________________________________________________________________________.
C.
倒装虚拟。上一讲中，我们介绍了如何运用虚拟语气在道歉信中进一步升级变为倒装结构。这一讲我们继续探讨倒装虚拟的其他应用。首先，让我们看一下对将来事实虚拟并倒装后的效果
学完本课后，把以下内容黏贴到笔记本中。
实际语境
普通表达
高级表达
倡议书
In
conclusion,
we
should
work
hard
to
fight
against
the
virus.
If
we
should
turn
a
blind
eye(忽视)
to
self-protection,
we
would
lose
the
battle
against
the
virus.（倡议加强自我疫情防护）
（倒装虚拟）Should
we
turn
a
blind
eye
to
self-protection,
we
would
lose
the
battle
against
the
virus.
普通表达较为口语化，通常为直接陈述，没有复杂的结构。高级表达不仅出现了词汇短语，而且有高大上的虚拟语气，甚至还有倒装的句型应用。
建议信
I
hope
the
suggestions
above
can
be
helpful
to
you.
If
you
should
want
to
seek
further
help
about
this,
don’t
hesitate
to
write
to
me.
（倒装虚拟）Should
you
want
to
seek
further
help
about
this,
I
would
be
honored
to
offer
you
possible
support.
道歉信
I
want
to
make
it
up
to
you...
If
you
were
free
this
Friday,
I
would
like
to
invite
you
to
do...
（倒装虚拟）___________________________________________________________________________________________________
倒装虚拟的升级表达是用于道歉信中解释完爽约原因且另约时间之后，诚恳地邀请对方参加同样是他感兴趣的活动，以此来进一步弥补由于你爽约给他造成的不便。
邀请信
I
hope
you
can
join
in
this
activity.
If
you
were
to
participate
in
this
activity,I
am
sure
you
will
have
an
enjoyable
afternoon.
（倒装虚拟）___________________________________________________________________________________________________
优秀的表达一定是宏观和微观两个方面，具有高级语法或句型的应用，也有词语短语的替换高级表达。
通知,告示
You
should
never
miss
this.
If
you
should
skip（错过）
the
activity,
you
would
miss
a
golden
opportunity
to
experience...So
what
are
you
waiting
for?（倒装虚拟）__________________________________________________________________________________________________
尾段一定要表达出鼓动大家踊跃参加的目的。就好比大卖场促销大减价之于家庭主妇。
祝贺信
But
for
your
constant
hard
work,
you
wouldn’t
have
made
such
great
progress
in
spoken
Chinese.
If
you
hadn’t
spared
no
effort
to
work
on
your
oral
Chinese,
the
award
wouldn’t
have
never
been
under
your
belt.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
小窍门：
高级表达的倒装是
将if条件状语从句中的从句部分的if去掉,在将should提前至句首即可。（在虚拟条件句中的should并不译为“应该”，而是对将来事实虚拟，从句的谓语动词要用should+do的形式）
练习：
1．Were
it
not
for
the
snowy
weather,
we?____
all
right.
A.
would
be????
B.
would
have
been????
C.
were????
D.
may
be????
2.
____
more
careful,
his
ship
would
not
have
sunk.
A.
If
the
captain
were??????
B.
Had
the
captain
been
C.
Should
the
captain
be????
D.
If
the
captain
would
have
been
3.
If
he?_____
me
tomorrow,
I
would
let
him
know.
A.
should
call????
B.
should
not
have
been
able
C.
were
not
able????
D.
are
not
able
4.
It’s
high
time
they?_____this
road.
A.
mend????
B.
mended????
C.
must
have
mended????
D.
will
mend
5.?____
today,
he
would
get
there
by
Friday.
A.
Would
he
leave????
B.
Was
he
leaving????
C.
Were
he
to
leave????
D.
If
he
leaves
虚拟语气在续写中的运用(又高级又常见)
1.
想表达
“后悔、遗憾”时
你用虚拟语气：
2.
想表达
“绝望”时
你用虚拟语气：
3.
想表达
“感激”时
你用虚拟语气：
4.
想表达
“生气”时
你用虚拟语气：
5.
想表达
“建议”时
你用虚拟语气：
实战演练：请将虚拟语气运用到以下表达中
?A
letter
of
gratitude
感谢信
1)
如果没有你的指导(guidance)，我不可能取得这么大的进步。
_______________________________________________________________________.
2)
如果没有你的热情(hospitality)和友好，我在英国的那段时间不可能那么愉快。
_______________________________________________________________________.
3)
如果不是你们良好的服务和优美的环境，我们的旅行不会这么愉快。
______________________________________________________________________________________________.
4)
如果没有你及时的鼓励和帮助，我不可能被重点大学录取(be
admitted
into
)。
______________________________________________________________________________________________.
A
letter
of
apology
道歉信
5)
我多么希望我没有跟你吵架(quarrel
with
sb)啊！
________________________________________________________
6)
我宁愿我没有对你说那些伤人的话。
________________________________________________________
7)
我多希望去参加你的生日聚会，但是我得为明天的考试做准备。
______________________________________________________________________________
A
letter
of
complaint
投诉信
8)
要不是在那么餐馆吃你们饭店里变质的食物，我现在不可能躺在医院里。
______________________________________________________________________________
9)
要不是你们服务质量太差(poor
service)，我们的度假本会很舒服的。
______________________________________________________________________________
A
letter
of
advice
建议信
10)
如果我是你的话，我就会听老师的话而不是生气。
______________________________________________________________________________
11)
作为你的朋友，我建议你把均衡的膳食和定期锻炼结合(combine....
with)起来，以保持健康。
______________________________________________________________________________
A
letter
of
advocation
倡议信
12)
如果我们忽视(turn
a
blind
eye)对环境的保护，地球的生存条件就会变得越来越糟糕。
______________________________________________________________________________
13）请任意设想某个人的场景，运用虚拟语气写一段话-不少于80字。（可表示后悔，绝望，感激...）
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________(共22张PPT)
虚拟语气
在写作中的运用
单击此处添加副标题内容
汇报人姓名
2020/01/01
上节课我们讲了虚拟语气的所有的用法，这节课让我们来继续探究如何将虚拟语气语法运用到写作中，让虚拟语气变为增强书面表达水平的利器。
应用文篇
A.
It
is
(high)
time
that+
主语+谓语过去式
表示“现在到了该做。。。的时候了”。
该句型主要用于呼吁人们立刻行动起来做某事。很适合用在倡议信的二段“倡议行动”的表述中，如：
请用It
is
(high)
time
that+主语+谓语过去式
表达：
现在到了我们该采取措施(measure)去保护野生动物的时候了。
→_______________________________________________________.
It
is
(high)
time
that
we
took
measures
to
protect
the
wild
animal.
上节课我们讲了虚拟语气的所有的用法，这节课让我们来继续探究如何将虚拟语气语法运用到写作中，让虚拟语气变为增强书面表达水平的利器。
应用文篇
B.It
is
urgent(紧急的)
that+主语+(should)+原形
表示：“。。。已是刻不容缓”。该句型同样用于呼吁人们针对某个问题立刻行动起来。也是倡议信第二段中提出具体倡议行为时，使表达丰富的手段，如：
请用It
is
urgent
that+主语+(should)+原形
表达：
减少私家车的使用已是刻不容缓。
→______________________________________________________________________________.
It
is
urgent
that
we
(should)
reduce
the
use
of
private
car.
应用文篇
C.倒装虚拟。首先，让我们看一下对将来事实虚拟并倒装后的效果。学完本课后，把以下内容黏贴到笔记本中。
Were
you
free
this
Friday,
I
would...
Were
you
to
participate
in
this
activity,
I
am
sure...
Should
you
skip
the
activity,
you
would
miss。...
Hadn't
you
spared
no
effort
to
work
on
your
oral
English,
the
award
...
小窍门：
高级表达的倒装是
将if条件状语从句中的从句部分的if去掉,在将should提前至句首即可。（在虚拟条件句中的should并不译为“应该”，而是对将来事实虚拟，从句的谓语动词要用should+do的形式）
If
I
could
go
back
to
the
past
and
do
the
above
mentioned
things,
the
last
thing
my
grandpa
remembered
would
not
be
the
indifference
and
the
back
of
his
beloved
grandson.
If
I
could
travel
back
through
time,
the
last
memory
between
him
and
me
would
not
be
his
closed
eyes
and
the
dead
look
of
half-unconscious
suffering.
Then
now,
I
would
not
have
to
live
with
this
unbearable
regret
and
pain
for
the
rest
of
my
life.
If
only
I
could!
高考优秀范文中的虚拟语气赏析：
Had
it
not
been
for
her
sticking
to
being
on
time,
she
wouldn’t
have
earned
herself
a
well-paid
job
and
more
importantly
built
up
an
image
of
reliability
and
integrity.
Should
I
be
given
the
opportunities
to
travel
to
the
past,
I
would
like
to
go
back
to
Qing
Dynasty
of
early
20th
century
when
China
was
in
a
disaster.
Were
I
back
in
the
late
Qing
Dynasty,
I
would
make
every
endeavor
to
rescue
China
from
the
foreign
invaders
and
prevent
it
from
being
bullied
without
resistance.
虚拟语气在写作中的运用
What
emotion
can
be
expressed
by
using
the
subjunctive
mood?
Had
it
not
been
for
her
sticking(坚持)
to
being
on
time,
she
wouldn’t
have
earned(得到)
oneself
a
well-paid
job
and
more
importantly
built
up
an
image
(形象)
of
reliability
and
integrity.
Reasons
因果
模板1：Had
it
not
been
for
her
sticking(坚持)
to
____________,
she
wouldn’t
have
earned(得到)
oneself
____________
and
more
importantly
built
up
an
image
(形象)
of
____品格名词_____.
如果不是因为它对…的坚持，她不可能得到…，更重要的是塑造了一个…的形象。
笔记：
“If
I
_________________(not
quarrel)
with
Tom
and
gone
into
the
forest,
I
_________________(not
be)
trapped
in
the
awful(窘迫的)
place
now!”
Jane
was
filled
with
regret
and
anxiety
and
gradually
fell
asleep
with
tears
in
her
eyes.
----2016.10浙江高考续写：夫妻吵架
森林迷路
had
not
quarreled
Wouldn’t
have
been
Regret
后悔，遗憾
What
emotion
is
conveyed?
模板2：
“
If
I
had
not
___过去分词____and
gone
into
the
_地方_,
I
wouldn’t
have
been
trapped
in
the
awful(窘迫的)
place
now!”
Jane
was
filled
with
regret
and
anxiety
and
gradually
tears
welled
up
in
her
eyes.
如果我没有…和去了…，我就不会陷入如此窘迫的境地。
Jane
充满了后悔和焦虑，渐渐地眼泪湿了眼眶。
We
had
no
idea
where
we
were
and
it
was
getting
dark.
I
was
almost
on
the
edge
of
break
down.
How
I
wished
I
______________(not
follow)
the
rabbit
into
the
forest!
/
If
only
I
_____________(not
follow)
the
rabbit
into
the
forest!----2018.6浙江续写：骑马遇白兔
had
not
followed
had
not
followed
Desperation
绝望
模板3：
I
was
almost
on
the
edge(边缘)
of
break
down.
How
I
wished
I
had
not
+过去分词！
我几乎到了崩溃的边缘，我多么希望我没有…啊！
模板5：
“If
you
had
__过去分词__,
Sb
would
not
have
_过去分词___!”
I
couldn’t
contain(抑制)
my
anger
and
shouted
at
sb.！
如果你能小心点，poppy也就不会…,我不能一直我的愤怒并大声对sb喊道！
If
it
had
not
been
for
Dorothy,
I
would
not
have
brains.
I
owed(欠)
all
my
luck
to
her.---
The
Wizard
of
OZ
?绿野仙踪?
“If
you
had
been
more
careful,
Poppy
would
not
have
been
lost!”
I
couldn’t
contain(抑制)
my
anger
and
shouted
at
Dad.--The
Lost
Dog
Gratitude
感激
Anger
生气
模板4：
If
it
had
not
been
for
Dorothy,
I
would
not
have
过去分词.
I
owed(欠)
all
my
luck
to
her
！
如果不是因为Dorothy,
我不可能____。
我欠他一次恩情。
If
I
should
be
given
the
opportunities
to
go
back
to
the
past,
I
would
not
have
to
live
with
this
unbearable(无法承受的)
regret
and
pain
for
the
rest
of
my
life
(余生).
但愿、悔恨，弥补
模板6：
If
I
should
be
given
the
opportunities
to
go
back
to
the
past,
I
would
__动词原形_____,
instead
of（而不是）
living
with
this
unbearable(无法承受的)
regret
and
pain
for
the
rest
of
my
life(余生).
如果我能有机会回到过去，我就会做__动词原形___，
而不是余生活在无法承受的悔恨和痛苦之中。
He
suggested
that
I
____________
(work)
out
on
a
regular
basis.
It
is
high
time
that
we
________(live)
a
low-carbon
life
and
contributed
to
environmental
protection.
Suggestion
建议或者倡议
(should)
work
lived
模板7：
It
is
high
time
that
we
lived
a
low-carbon
life
and
contributed
to
environmental
protection.
1．Were
it
not
for
the
snowy
weather,
we
____
all
right.
A.
would
be
B.
would
have
been
C.
were
D.
may
be
2.
____
more
careful,
his
ship
would
not
have
sunk.
A.
If
the
captain
were
B.
Had
the
captain
been
C.
Should
the
captain
be
D.
If
the
captain
would
have
been
3.
If
he?_____
me
tomorrow,
I
would
let
him
know.
A.
should
call????
B.
should
not
have
been
able
C.
were
not
able????
D.
are
not
able
A
B
A
4.
It’s
high
time
they?_____this
road.
A.
mend????
B.
mended????
C.
must
have
mended????
D.
will
mend
5.?____
today,
he
would
get
there
by
Friday.
A.
Would
he
leave????
B.
Was
he
leaving????
C.
Were
he
to
leave????
D.
If
he
leaves
B
C
Practice
A
letter
of
gratitude
感谢信的应用
如果没有你的指导，我不可能取得这么大的进步。
Without
your
guidance,
I
couldn't
have
made
such
great
progress.
如果没有你的热情和友好，我在英国的那段时间不可能那么愉快。
Without
your
kindness
and
hospitality,
I
couldn't
have
enjoyed
my
stay
in
England.
如果不是你们良好的服务和优美的环境，我们的旅行不会这么愉快。
But
for
your
good
service
and
pleasant
environment,
we
couldn’t
have
enjoyed
our
trip.
如果没有你及时的鼓励和帮助，我不可能被重点大学录取。
Without
your
timely
encouragement
and
assistance,
I
couldn't
have
been
admitted
to
the
key
university.
A
letter
of
apology
道歉信的应用
我多么希望我没有跟你吵架啊！
How
I
wish
I
hadn't
quarreled
with
you!
我宁愿我没有对你说那些伤人的话。
I
would
rather
I
hadn't
sad
such
hurtful/harsh
words
to
you.
我多希望去参加你的生日聚会，但是我得为明天的考试做准备。
I
wish
I
attended
your
birthday
party,
but
I
have
to
make
preparations
for
the
exam
tomorrow.
A
letter
of
complaint
投诉信的应用
要不是在那么餐馆吃了变质的食物，我现在不可能躺在医院里。
If
I
hadn't
eaten
the
bad
food
in
your
restaurant,
I
couldn’t
have
been
in
hospital
now.
要不是你们服务质量太差，我们的度假本会很舒服的。
But
for
your
poor
service,
our
holiday
could
have
been
enjoyable.
A
letter
of
advice
建议信的应用
如果我是你的话，我就会听老师的话而不是生气。
If
I
were
you,
I
would
follow
what
the
teacher
says
instead
of
being
angry.
作为你的朋友，我建议你把均衡的膳食和定期锻炼结合起来，以保持健康。
As
your
friend,
I
suggest
that
you
（should）
combine
balanced
diets
and
regular
exercise
to
keep
fit.高考语法及写作重点-虚拟语气（全）
英语中的动词在句子中有三种不同的语气：祈使语气、陈述语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气搭配动词的不同形式。
1.陈述语气——用来陈述一个事实或提出看法，有肯定、否定、疑问和感叹等形式。
例如：
I
have
two
books.
-肯定
I
don't
have
two
books.-否定
Do
you
have
two
books?-疑问
I
have
two
books!
-感叹
（以上句子为陈述语气，用以陈述一个事实。）
2.祈使语气——用来表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请和命令等。
例如：
Hurry
up!赶紧得！/快点！
Don’t
be
late
for
the
class!
上课别迟到。
（该句子是属于Do型的祈使句，动词原形放开头表示命令）
3.
虚拟语气——表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
例如：If
I
were
you,
I
should
go
back
home.如果我是你，我就回家了。
（“如果我是你”，但我不是你，与事实相反）
又如：I?wish?I?could?pass?the?examination.?我希望我能通过考试。
（“我希望”在该句子中只是一种假设，所以属于虚拟语气。）
又如：He
suggested
that
there
（should）be
more
public
facilities
in
the
park.
他建议公园里应该要有更多的公共设施。（“他建议...”，说明公园没有什么公共设施，与事实相反，属于虚拟语气。）
§什么情况下可以使用虚拟语气？
当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，愿望，假想，猜测，怀疑或建议，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。
1．表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”、“坚持”等词后所带的名词从句用虚拟语气
结构都是：（should）?+?动词原形，其中should可以省略。记忆口诀为：
1.
坚持
__________
2.
命令__________/__________
3.
建议__________/___________/_________
4.
要求__________/___________/_________/_________
?
宾语从句形式的虚拟语气
结构：主1+谓语+that+主2+(should)+V原
The?man?insisted?that?he?（should）
pay
the
bill.?那个人坚持他来付钱。
【表达练习：】
①医生建议他多锻炼。______________________________________________________________________
②他的医生要求他早睡。______________________________________________________________________
③她命令我们把它送回去。______________________________________________________________________
?
表语从句形式的虚拟语气
结构：主1(名词)+系动词+that+主2+(should)+V原
His
request
is
that
we
（should）
set
off
at
once.
他要求我们应该马上出发。
【表达练习：】他的老板命令我们应该在周五前完成所有的工作。
______________________________________________________________________
?
同位语从句形式的虚拟语气
结构：主1+谓语+抽象名词+that+主2+(should)+V原
He
made
the
demand
that
we
（should）
set
off
at
once.
他要求我们马上出发。
demand是抽象名词，demand的内容是we
（should）
set
off
at
once
，前后内容相等，故为同位语从句。
【表达练习：】Ms
Lee建议我们应该学好英语为未来的工作做好准备。
______________________________________________________________________
?
it作形式主语的主语从句
结构：?It?is?suggested/required/ordered/…that?+?主语?+(should)+V原
翻译：It?is?required?that?middle?school?students?take
at?least?one?hour?to?do?exercise?every?day.?
______________________________________________________________________
【表达练习：】要求每个人在校应当穿校服(uniform)
______________________________________________________________________
?
§易错点：一定要当心suggest,
suggest的意思是“建议”时用的是虚拟语气，但如果suggest的意思是“表明”或”暗示”
时，则不用虚拟语气。
?
另外所有的句中要注意谓语动词与主语的关系，要对应相应的主被动形式。
语法应用：
1 It
was
suggested
at
the
meeting
that
effective
measures
________
to
solve
the
problem.
A)
were
taken
B)
be
taken
C)
must
be
taken
D)
take
2 He
proposed
that
the
matter
_______
discussed
at
the
next
meeting.
A)
will
be
B)
has
C)
be
D)
would
be
3 The?order?is?that?everyone______________?(give)a?five-minute?talk?in?class.?
4 His?smile?suggested?that?he?_______________?(succeed)in?this?exam.?
5 It?is?demanded?that?middle?school?students?___________?(sleep)at?least?8?hours?every?day.
6 The?teacher?agreed?to?the?suggestion?that?the?students?________________(give)
two?weeks?to?prepare?for?the?exam.
7 The
policemen?insisted?that?they?___________?(show)him?their?passports.
二、if虚拟条件句的三种基本类型：与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反。
条件句有真实条件句和非真实（虚拟）条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生。如：
?
真实条件句：If
I
have
time,
I
will
go
with
them.
假若我有时间，我就同他们去。(陈述语气)
?
虚拟条件句：If
I
were
you,
I
would
go
with
them.
假若我是你，我就同他们去。(虚拟语气)
回忆if的真实条件句，从下列的A.
B.
C三个选项中，选择合适的答案填入空格中：
A.
主祈从现
B.
主情从现
C.
主将从现
1)
If
it
doesn’t
rain
tomorrow,
we
will
go
to
the
Happy
Valley.
(
)
2)
If
you
want
to
join
us,
tell
me
as
early
as
possible.
(
)
3)
If
you
don’t
know
the
way,
I
can
take
you
there.
(
)
虚拟条件句：
1.
与现在事实相反：若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should
(would,
could,
might)+动词原形”。如：
If
I
knew
her
number,
I
could
ring
her
up.
__________________________________________(事实是：我不知道)
2.
与过去事实相反：若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should
(would,
could,
might)+have+过去分词”。如：
If
I
had
left
sooner,
I
could
have
been
on
time.
____________________________________
(事实是：我动身太迟了)
3.
与将来事实相反：若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式/should+V/were
to+V，主句谓语用“should
(would,
could,
might)+动词原形”。如：
If
I
were
to
ask
him,
I’m
sure
he
would
help
us.
_________________________________(事实是：我不打算这样做)
总结：
时间
???if?条件句谓语?
????????????主句?
谓语动词
与现在事实相反
?动词过去式(be动词用were)
would/could/should/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反
???had+过去分词
would/could/should/might
+
have+过去分词
与将来事实相反
动词过去式should+动词原形were
to+动词原形
would/could/should/might
+动词原形
练习：请理解以下虚拟条件句，从下列的A.
B.
C三个选项中，选择合适的答案填入空格中：
A.
与现在事实相反
B.
与过去事实相反
C.
与将来事实相反
1)
If
I
hadn’t
studied
hard
in
the
middle
school,
I
wouldn’t
have
gone
to
University.
(
)
2)
If
you
made
a
good
choice
in
the
future,
you
would
feel
it
much
easier
to
make
your
dream
come
true.
(
)
3)
If
I
had
a
boat，I'd
go
out
on
the
ocean.
(
)
4)
If
I
were
a
boy,
I
think
I
could
understand
how
it
feels
to
love
a
girl
(
)
5)
If
my
workmates
hadn’t
helped
me
a
lot,
I
wouldn’t
have
won
the
first
prize.
(
)
6)
If
you
were
successful
many
years
later,
you
would
thank
your
strict
teachers
today.
(
)
三、虚拟条件句的倒装（高级句型）：
当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had,
were,
should等时，如将if省略，则要将had,
were,
should等移到主语前，构成倒装句：
?
If
I
were
you,
I
would
try
to
grasp
the
chance.
→Were
I
you,
I
would
try
to
grasp
the
chance.
________________________________________________。
?
If
you
had
come
yesterday,
you
would
have
seen
him.
→Had
you
come
yesterday,
you
would
have
seen
him.
________________________________________________。
四、含蓄虚拟条件句
1）有时假设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without,
but
for/
but
that(要是),
otherwise/or(否则),
but
等。例如：
?
Without
your
help
(=If
we
had
not
had
your
help),
we
could
not
have
succeeded.
_________________________________________________________________
?
But
for
electricity
(=
If
there
were
no
electricity),
there
would
be
no
modern
industry.
_________________________________________________________________
?
He
was
having
a
meeting;
otherwise
he
would
have
come
over
to
help
us.
_________________________________________________________________
?
He
felt
very
tired
yesterday,
or
he
would
have
attended
the
party.
_________________________________________________________________
2）在某些暗含虚拟条件的简单句中，虚拟语气可通过上下文语境表现出来。谓语动词用should/
would
be
形式和should/
would
have
been
虚拟形式。例如：
?
Any
men
in
his
position
would
have
done
like
that.
(与过去事实相反)
____________________________________________
?
You
should
(ought
to)
have
come
earlier.
(与过去事实相反)
____________________________________________
五．
其他句型中的虚拟语气(有自己的时态规则)
1）在would
rather,
would
sooner,
would
just
as
soon,
might
as
well和would
prefer等后面所跟的从句中，也可以用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿、但愿”。其形式为：
①“would
rather
(would
sooner…)
+
主语
+
谓语动词过去式”
→与现在或将来事实相反。
②“would
rather
(would
sooner)
+
主语
+
动词过去完成式”→与过去事实相反。
例如：
I’d
rather
he
didn’t
go
now.
__________________________________________
(与现在或将来事实相反)
I’d
just
as
soon
you
had
been
here
yesterday.
__________________________________________
(与过去事实相反)
2）在句型“It
is
(high/
about)
time…”后面也可以跟虚拟语气，从句中谓语常用过去式，有时也用（should）+
动词原形”，意为“该是……的时候了”。例如：
It
is
time
that
the
boy
(should)
go
to
school.
_______________________________。
It
is
high
time
(that)
the
weather
improved.
_______________________________。
3）在“if
only”引起的感叹句中也要求用虚拟语气，翻译成
“要是...就好了”，表示愿望。
形式为：①用过去时或“would/
could
+
动词原形”表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。
②过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。例如：
If
only
you
would
listen
to
our
advice.
要是你听我们的建议就好了。(与______事实相反)
If
only
I
had
not
been
busy
last
week!
要是上周我不忙该多好啊！(与______事实相反)
If
only
she
could
marry
me.
但愿她能嫁给我。(与______事实相反)
高考语法填空：
If
only
I
________(have)
more
money,
I________
(buy)
a
car.
要是我有更多的钱，我就可以买辆车了。
4）连接词“in
case,
lest,
for
fear
that”可以用来引导虚拟语气。其形式通常为：“…lest
(in
case,
for
fear
that)
+
主语
+
should
+
动词原形”。Lest,
for
fear
that
句中的
should
可以省去，
in
case
句中的
should
通常不省去，但是
in
case
句中可以不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。Lest,
for
fear
that后面也可以接其他形式。例如：
He
took
his
coat
with
him
in
case
it
should
rain.
_____________________________________。
I
will
not
make
a
noise
for
fear
that
I
(should/
might)
disturb
you.
_____________________________________。
Care
must
be
taken
in
using
this
method
lest
overflow
(should)
occur.
_____________________________________
题目中有非常多的虚拟条件句的倒装，要注意翻译句子，理解句子到底是对现在事实相反还是过去、将来事实相反。
1 If
the
earth
suddenly
__________(stop)
spinning,
we
would
all
fly
off
it.
2 I'm
sorry
Andy
didn't
want
to
go,
if
he__________(be)
willing
to
go,
we
would
have
paid
all
his
expenses.
3
It
is
high
time
(that)
the
measures
__________(take).
4 Jean
doesn't
want
to
work
right
away
because
she
thinks
that
if
she
_______
a
job，she
probably
wouldn't
be
able
to
see
her
friends
very
often.
A)
has
to
get
B)
were
to
get
C)
had
got
D)
could
have
got
5 If
she
_______
right
now,
she
would
get
there
on
Sunday.
A)
would
leave
B)
were
to
leave
C)
leaves
D)
had
left
6 If
the
whole
operation
_______
beforehand,
a
great
deal
of
time
and
money
would
have
been
lost.
A)
was
not
planned
C)
had
not
been
planned
B)
has
not
been
planned
D)
were
not
planned
7 _______
before
we
leave
the
day
after
tomorrow,
we
should
have
a
wonderful
dinner
party.
A)
Had
they
arrived
C)
Were
they
arriving
B)
Would
they
arrive
D)Were
they
to
arrive
8
Had
he
worked
harder,
he
_______
the
exams.
A)
must
have
passed
C)
would
pass
B)
would
have
passed
D)
could
pass
9 _______
for
your
laziness,
you
could
have
finished
the
assignment
by
now.
A)
Had
it
not
been
B)
It
were
not
C)
Weren't
it
D)
Had
not
it
been
10 He
was
very
busy
yesterday,
otherwise
he?_____to
the
meeting.
A.
would
come??????
B.
came??????
C.
would
have
come????
D.
had
come
11
_______
the
help
of
their
group,
we
would
not
have
succeeded
in
the
investigation.
A)
Besides
B)
Regardless
of
C)
But
for
D)
Despite
12 _______
the
storm,
the
ship
would
have
reached
its
destination
on
time.
A)
But
for
C)
In
spite
of
B)
In
case
of
D)
Because
of
13 The
picture
exhibition
bored
me
to
death.
I
wish
I
_______
to
it.
A)
have
not
gone
B)
did
not
go
C)
had
not
gone
D)
should
not
have
gone
14 I
wish
I
_______
longer
this
morning,
but
I
had
to
get
up
and
come
to
class.
A)
could
have
slept
C)
might
have
slept
B)
slept
D)
have
slept(共33张PPT)
高考语法及写作重点
-虚拟语气
句子分类：英语中的动词在句子中有三种不同的语气：祈使语气、陈述语气和虚拟语气。最大的不同是：不同的语气搭配动词的不同形式。
例如：I
have
two
apples.
1.陈述语气—用来陈述一个事实或提出看法，有肯定、否定、疑问和感叹等形式。
（该句子为陈述句且为陈述语气，属于肯定句，用以陈述一个事实。）
例如：Hurry
up!赶紧得！/快点！
Don’t
be
late
for
the
class!
上课别迟到。
2.祈使语气—用来表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请和命令等。
（该句子是属于Do型的祈使句，动词原形放开头表示命令）
例如：If
I
were
you,
I
should
go
back
home.如果我是你，我就回家了。
I?wish?I?could?pass?the?examination.?
我希望我能通过考试。
3.虚拟语气——表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测；又或者在坚持，命令，建议和要求的情况下表明谁应该(should)做什么，通常是宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句的形式存在。
（“如果我是你”，说明我不是你，与事实相反，”我希望”在该句子中只是一种假设，所以属于虚拟语气。）
例如：He
suggested
that
there
（should）be
more
public
facilities
in
the
park.
他建议公园里应该要有更多的公共设施。
（“他建议...应该要怎样”，所以属于虚拟语气。）
什么样的情况下可用虚拟语气？
当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，愿望，假想，猜测，怀疑或建议，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。
1.
坚持
__________
2.
命令__________/__________
3.
建议_______/_________/_________
4.
要求_______
/_______/______/______
一．表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”、“坚持”等词后所带的名词从句用虚拟语气，结构都是：（should）?+?动词原形，其中should可以省略。记忆口诀为：
insist
order
command
advise
suggest
propose/recommend
demand
desire
require
request
宾语从句形式的虚拟语气
（主+谓语+that+主+should+V原）
例如：The?man?insisted?that?he（should）
pay
the
bill.?那个人坚持说他来付钱。
宾语从句形式的虚拟语气
（主+谓语+that+主+should+V原）
①医生建议他多锻炼。_____________________________________②他的医生要求他早睡。______________________________________③她命令我们把它送回去。______________________________________
The
doctor
suggested
that
he
（should）take
more
excise.
His
doctor
demanded
that
he
（should）sleep
early.
She
ordered
that
we
should
send
it
back.
表语从句形式的虚拟语气
（主+系动词+that+主+should+V原）
例如：His
request
is
that
we（should）
set
off
at
once.
他的要求是我们应该马上出发。
他的老板命令是我们应该在周五前完成所有的工作。
_________________________________________
His
boss'
order
is
that
we
should
finish
all
the
work
before
Friday.
同位语从句形式的虚拟语气
（主+谓语+抽象名词+that+主+should+V原）
例如：He
made
the
demand
that
we（should）
set
off
at
once.
他作出一个要求，(这个要求是)我们马上出发。
Ms
Lee提出了一个建议，我们应该学好英语为未来的工作做好准备。
_________________________________________
Ms
Lee
made
a
propose
that
we
（should）learn
English
well
to
prepare
for
the
future
job.
?it作形式主语的主语从句
（it
is/was+谓语动词+that+主+should+V原）
It?is?required?that?middle?school?students?（should）take
at?least?one?hour?to?do?exercise?every?day.
_________________________________________
要求是每个人在校应当穿校服(uniform)
_________________________________________
中学生每天（应该）接受?至少的?一?小时的训练。
It?is?required?that
everyone
in
the
school
should
wear
uniform.
一定要当心suggest,
suggest的意思是“建议”时用的是虚拟语气，但如果suggest的意思是“表明”或”暗示”
时，则不用虚拟语气
如：
His?behaviour?suggested?that?he?___________?(is)
not
a
good
man.?
§易错点
was
Summary
语法应用：
① It
was
suggested
at
the
meeting
that
effective
measures
________
to
solve
the
problem.
A)
were
taken
B)
be
taken
C)
must
be
taken
D)
take
② He
proposed
that
the
matter
_______
discussed
at
the
next
meeting.
A)
will
be
B)
has
C)
be
D)
would
be
③ The?order?is?that?everyone______________?(give)a?five-minute?talk?in?class.?
④ His?smile?suggested?that?he?_______________?(succeed)in?this?exam.?
⑤ It?is?required?that?middle?school?students?___________?(take)at?least?one?hour?to?do??exercise?every?day
⑥ The?teacher?agreed?to?the?suggestion?that?the?students?________________(give)
two?weeks?to?prepare?for?the?exam.
⑦ The
policemen?insisted?that?they?___________?(show)him?their?passports.
B
C
should
give
had
succeeded
should
take
should
be
given
should
show
一、if虚拟条件句的三种基本类型：与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反。
条件句有真实条件句和非真实（虚拟）条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，而虚拟条件句则通常表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生。如：
l
真实条件句：If
I
have
time,
I
will
go
with
them.
假若我有时间，我就同他们去。(陈述语气)
l
虚拟条件句：If
I
were
you,
I
would
go
with
them.
假若我是你，我就同他们去。(虚拟语气)
2
回忆if的真实条件句，从下列的A.
B.
C三个选项中，选择合适的答案填入空格中：
A.
主祈从现
B.
主情从现
C.
主将从现
if条件句的类型（真实条件）
例句
?
If
it
doesn’t
rain
tomorrow,
we
will
go
to
the
West
Lake.
?
If
you
want
to
join
us,
tell
me
as
early
as
possible.
?
If
you
don’t
know
the
way,
I
can
take
you
there.
C.
主将从现
A.
主祈从现
B.
主情从现
当事情很可能发生时，我们使用真实条件句。
当事情不可能发生，或与事实相反时，我们使用_____________条件句。
虚拟语气
虚拟条件句：
1.
与现在事实相反：若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should
(would,
could,
might)+动词原形”。如：
If
I
knew
her
number,
I
could
ring
her
up.
____________________________________________。
(事实是：我不知道)
2.
与过去事实相反：若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should
(would,
could,
might)+have+过去分词”。如：
If
I
had
left
sooner,
I
could
have
been
on
time.
____________________________________________。
(事实是：我动身太迟了)
3.
与将来事实相反：若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式/should+V/were
to+V，主句谓语用“should
(would,
could,
might)+动词原形”。如：
If
I
were
to
ask
him,
I’m
sure
he
would
help
us.
____________________________________________。(事实是：我不打算这样做)
如果我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话。
如果我早点离开，我就会准时到达。
如果我打算要去问他，我确定他会帮助我们的。
总结：
1.虚拟语气的解题方法是：回归法。即将主句和从句的时态回归到非虚拟语气的状态，然后再用“时态向前推”的方法将主从句改变为虚拟语气的时态。
时间
if
条件句谓语
主句
谓语
与现在事实相反
与过去事实相反
与将来事实相反
Fill
in
the
blanks
would/could/should/might
+动词原形
动词过去式
(be动词用were)
had+过去分词
would/could/should/might
+
have+过去分词
would/could/should/might
+动词原形
动词过去式
should+动词原形
were
to+动词原形
3
Subjunctive
Mood
of
the
if-clause.
?
以上例子是对___________
(A.过去情况
B.现在情况
C.将来情况)的虚拟。
If
I
hadn’t
studied
hard
in
the
middle
school,
I
wouldn’t
have
gone
to
University.
If
my
workmates
hadn’t
helped
me
a
lot,
I
wouldn’t
have
won
the
first
prize.
A.过去情况
3
Subjunctive
Mood
of
the
if-clause.
If
I
were
you,
I
would
make
good
use
of
time.
If
I
were
you,
I
would
try
my
best
to
make
my
dream
come
true.
If
I
studied
with
you
every
day,
I
would
help
you
to
stay
happy
and
great
all
the
time.
Draw
lots
?
以上例子是对___________
(A.过去情况
B.现在情况
C.将来情况)的虚拟。
B.现在情况
3
Subjunctive
Mood
of
the
if-clause.
?
以上例子是对___________
(A.过去情况
B.现在情况
C.将来情况)的虚拟。
If
you
made
a
good
choice
in
the
future,
you
would
feel
it
much
easier
to
make
your
dream
come
true.
If
you
were
successful
many
years
later,
you
would
thank
your
strict
teachers
today.
C.将来情况
I
don’t
know
which
to
buy.
If
you
were
me,
which
would
you
buy?
If
I
were
you,
I
would
buy
the
red
one.
与现在事实相反
If
she
hadn’t
eaten
so
much
candy,
she
wouldn’t
have
had
her
teeth
pulled
out.
She
had
her
teeth
pulled
out
because
she
ate
too
much
candy.
与过去事实相反
What
would
you
do
if
you
won
the
lottery(彩票)
some
day?
If
I
won(were
to
win)
the
lottery
some
day,
I
would
buy
a
big
house
for
my
parents.
与将来事实相反
If
I
were
a
bird,
I
would
fly
high
into
the
sky.
If
I
could
fly,
I
would
try
to
touch
the
cloud.
If
I
could
touch
the
cloud,
I
would
have
a
sleep
on
it.
…
If
I
were
God,
…
If
I
were
a
scientist,
…
If
I
…
Sentence
chain
虚拟条件句的倒装（续写的高级句型）：
当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had,
were,
should等时，如将if省略，则要将had,
were,
should等移到主语前，构成倒装句
例如：
If
I
were
you,
I
would
try
to
grasp
the
chance.
→Were
I
you,
I
would
try
to
grasp
the
chance.
要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。
If
you
had
come
yesterday,
you
would
have
seen
him.
→Had
you
come
yesterday,
you
would
have
seen
him.
若你昨天来，你就会见到他了
题目中有非常多的虚拟条件句的倒装，要注意翻译句子，理解句子到底是对现在事实相反还是过去、将来事实相反。例：If
I
were
a
bird,
I
would
fly
high
into
the
sky.(与现在事实相反)
(学生讨论评讲)
① If
the
earth
suddenly
__________(stop)
spinning旋转,
we
would
all
fly
off
it.
②
I'm
sorry
Andy
didn't
want
to
go
to
the
meeting,
if
he__________(be)
willing
to
go，
we
would
have
paid
all
his
expenses.
summary
If
I
have
time
tomorrow,
I
will
go
with
you.
If
I
were
a
bird,
I
would
fly
high
to
touch
the
cloud.
If
I
were
God,
I
would
make
all
the
blind
see
the
beautiful
world.
If
I
get
more
information,
I
will
tell
you
immediately.
a
fact
a
wish
a
fact
a
wish
★If
I
had
finished
the
race,
I
would
have
risked
my
tendon.
★If
he
hadn't
given
up
then,
he
would
have
got
worse
injured.
★If
he
hadn't
been
so
determined,
he
wouldn't
have
succeeded
again.
与过去事实相反：
从句谓语用had+动词过去分式
主句谓语用would/could/should/might
+have+过去分词
★
If
you
were
Liu
Xiang
now,
what
would
you
do?
★
If
I
were
the
headmaster
of
our
school,
I
would
give
you
two
days
a
week
to
get
relaxed.
★
If
you
didn’t
have
to
go
to
school
today,
what
would
you
do?
与现在事实相反：
从句谓语用动词过去式（be动词用were）
主句谓语用would/could/should/might+动词原形
★
If
you
were
to
meet
with
difficulties
in
the
future,
would
you
stick
to
your
goal
as
Liu
Xiang
does?
★
If
it
should
rain/rained
tomorrow,
I
would
stay
at
home.
与将来事实相反：
从句谓语用动词过去式(be动词用were)
或were
to+动词原形
或should+动词原形
主句谓语用would/could/should/might+动词原形
