过去完成时
过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的
动作。简言之,过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。
①过去完成时由“助动词had+动词的过去分词”构成。
②过去完成时时间状语有:by(
yesterday),
by
then,
by
the
end
of(ast…)或者由when,
before等引出状语从句。有时句子中会有
already,just,once,ever,
never等词语,也会有for…或
sInce…构成
的时间状语。如:
They
had
already
finished
cleaning
the
classroom
when
their
teacher
came.(当老师来的时候他们已经打扫完了教室
The
woman
had
left
before
he
realized
she
was
a
cheat.(在他发觉
那个妇女是个骗子时她已经走掉了)
③过去完成时常用于宾语从句中、afer引导的从句中,或者从句
是
before引导的主句中。
过去将来时
过去将来时表示在过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
①过去将来时由“助动词
should(第一人称)或woud第二、三人
称)+动词原形”构成。在美国英语中过去将来时的助动词一律用
would+动词原形”。
②过去将来时常由于宾语从句中,时间状语有:|ater,soon,the
next(day)
③在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中不可以使用过去将来时而
应该使用一般过去时。如:
He
promised
that
he
would
pay
me
a
lot
if
I
helped
him
with
the
project.(他答应付给我许多钱如果我帮助他
搞那个项目)
Every
time
when
he
was
free,
he
would
sit
down
and
read
some
books.(每次只要他有空他就会坐下来看看书)
④表示纯粹的将来时用woud或
should,表示打算或主观认为的
事情用
was/were
going
to(+动词原形)。如:
She
told
me
she
would
be18
the
next
month.(她告诉我她下个月就18岁了)/
She
told
me
that
she
was
going
to
have
a
walk
with
her
pet
dog(她告诉我她打
算带她的宠物狗去散步)
⑤过去将来时还可以表示一个过去经常性的动作。如:
When
it
rained
in
the
day,
he
would
bring
an
umbrella
with
him(白天下雨时
他会随身带一把雨伞)