定语从句（关系代词）-高中英语知识点学案

定语从句（关系代词）
【情景引入】
God helps those who help themselves.
自助者天助。
He who laughs last laughs best.
谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好
Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.
世上无难事，只怕有心人。
All that glitters(闪光) is not gold.
闪闪发光的不一定是金子。
【知识点】
定语从句之关系代词的使用：
什么是定语从句？
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
401320289560先行词
关系词
定语从句
关系代词
关系副词
which,who,whom,
whose,that
where,when,why
先行词
关系词
定语从句
关系代词
关系副词
which,who,whom,
whose,that
where,when,why
Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.







【即学即练】
找出下列句子中的从句，先行词，关系词并说出关系词在句中所做的成分。
1. The girl who is standing there is Lucy.
2. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
3. I like the book which you bought yesterday.
4. I would never forget the days that we spent together.
【答案】
从句： who is standing there
先行词：The girl
关系词：who 作主语
从句：whose homes had been destroyed.
先行词：survivors
关系词：whose 作定语
从句：which you bought yesterday
先行词：the book
关系词：which 作宾语
从句：that we spent together.
先行词：the days
关系词：that 作宾语

【知识点】
关系词的三个作用:
1. 引导定语从句。
2. 代替先行词。
3. 在定语从句中充当一个成分。
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句：
115570264160修饰限定
补充说明
先行句
修饰限定
补充说明
先行句
This is the house which/that we bought last month.
这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。
The house , which we bought last month , is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。
He failed in the exam, which made his parents very angry.
他考试没有及格，这让他的父母很生气。
限与非限看逗号
【即学即练】
把下列的每组短句改为一个定语从句。
106045138430
He is a Chinese.
He plays an important part in NBA.
【答案】
He is a Chinese who/that plays an important part in NBA.

-26035127635
He was born in Shanghai.
Shanghai is an international city.
【答案】
He was born in Shanghai ，which is an international city.

-84455151765
He is a good basketball player .
People are proud of him.
【答案】
He is a good basketball player who/whom/that people are proud of.或：He is a good basketball player of whom people are proud.

-74930146050
He is a tall and handsome man.
His wife is Ye Li.
【答案】
He is a tall and handsome man whose wife is Ye Li.

In the east there is a river name is the Yellow River.
遥远的东方有一条河它的名字就叫黄河。
【答案】
Whose
【知识点】


关系代词（who,whom,which,that.whose）

指人
指物
在定语从句中的作用
who
√

主语
宾语（可以省略）
whom
√

宾语（可以省略）
which

√
主语
宾语（可以省略）
that
√
√
主语
宾语（可以省略）
whose
√
√
定语
【难点突破】
that，which，who or whom?
1 .有哪些情况关系代词用that，而不用which，who，whom?
2 .有哪些情况关系代词不用that，而用which，who，whom?
Don’t forget all that once you owned.
Treasure something that you can’t get.
Don't give up anything that belongs to you
and keep everything that is lost in memory. 　
曾经拥有的，不要忘记;
不能得到的，更要珍惜;
属于自己的，不要放弃;
已经失去的，留作回忆。
【即学即练】
This is the most interesting film ______ I have ever seen.
【答案】 that
【解析】前面有最高级 the most 时，用that而不是which
The third place ______ we are going to visit is New York.
【答案】that
【解析】前面有序数词 the third ，所以用that。
This is the only food _____ I can find for you.
【答案】 that
【解析】the only, the very, any, no, all等修饰时用that。
The students and things _____ you spoke of are known to us.
【答案】that
【解析】既有人又有物时，用that
Who is the worker _____ took some pictures of the factory?
【答案】that
【解析】句中已经有who，所以只能用that。
【知识点】
(1)、在非限制性定语从句中不用 that，指事物用which，指人用who或whom.
He made the same mistakes again ,_____ made his parents very angry.
【答案】which
Yesterday I bought a dictionary,_______ cost me more than 100 yuan .
【答案】which
Mr Smith,_______ gave a talk several months ago,will come again.
【答案】who
４．My uncle has come back from abroad,______ I haven’t met for a long time.
【答案】whom
(2)、在介词后面，指事物用 which，指人用 whom.
1.This is the ring on ______she spent 1000 dollars.
【答案】 which
Xiao Wang ,with_______ I went to the concert, enjoyed himself very much.
【答案】whom
【知识点】
as
1.用于限制性定语从句中，先行词指人或物且在限制性定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
常见句型：such+n+as 像...一样的
the same +n+as和...同样的
We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
The book is not such as I expect.
I have the same book as he has.
2. as从句常含有“正如、好像”之意，此时从句中常有know ,expect, happen, point out, plan ,suggest等词
as引导的定语从句常见句式有：
As is known to all(众所周知),
as is often the case (情况经常是这样),
as is mentioned above_如上所述_,
as is announced如报道的那样 。
as often happens , 如经常发生的那样
as anybody can see,如大家所看到的
as we had expected, 如我们所料
as has been said before.如之前所说的。
【口诀】
As,which 引非限，（主）句前句后来分辨
若有习题无法解 固定搭配来决断
【即学即练】
用适当的定语从句的引导词完成短文。
I am Wang Hui . I'm a student 1. ______ is still studying in Grade 3 in a senior school. I have a good friend, 2.______name is ZhangYing . When at school , she studied very hard for her dream. To her delight, the day 3._________she had been looking forward to came at last. She was admitted to a famous university in HangZhou . Last week, she wrote a letter to me , 4.______tells me something about her. There she has made many friends , some of 5._____ are also from the countryside. She is having a meaningful and colourful life, how I envy her !
【答案】
who/that
Whose
Which/that
Which
whom
【即学即练】
Writing(微写作)
Watch some pictures about our school and write a short passage using as many as attributive clauses.
25812751649730My classmates /friendly /
have many interests
My classmates /friendly /
have many interests
2609215100965-190501611630My school/beautiful/ in
LuoShan county(县)
My school/beautiful/ in
LuoShan county(县)

3051810889004000564770
3081655194310I love my school.
We are proud of it.
I love my school.
We are proud of it.
-50800224790teachers /kind/we respect
teachers /kind/we respect
【答案】
My school
My school ,which is located in LuoShan county is very beautiful. My classmates who are friendly have many interests. My teachers whom we respect are very kind to us. I love my school, which we are proud of.
【小结】
如何选用定语从句的关系词？
1.首先分清主句和定语从句
2.确定定语从句的先行词
3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）
4.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词。若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词。
【真题练习】
1（2006北京）Women ____ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ____ don't.
2（2013福建） Happiness and success often come to those____ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
3（2013福建） The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those_____ lives were affected.
4（2011福建）She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ______ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
5（2013山东）Finally he reached a lonely island ______ was completely cut off from the outside world.
【答案】
who,who
who
whose
which
which