定语从句（关系副词）-高中英语知识点学案

定语从句（关系副词）
【知识点】
介词+ which / whom定语从句
1. The man to whom you talked just now is our headmaster.
2. That old man is the professor from whom we learned a lot.
3. The man with whom you talked is my friend .
4. The school in which he once studied is very famous.
5. I still remember the day on which I joined the army.
如何选用介词 —“先行词还原法”
1. 把先行词放在从句中，根据句意来判断用 什么介词。
2. 注意从句中动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配。
3. 先行词指人，用介词+ whom; 先行词指物，用介词+ which.
【即学即练】
用介词+ which或介词＋whom填空
1. The factory __________we worked ten years ago isn’t large.
2. He is the man ________ you can speak now.
3. This is the tree ___________ we used to play games.
4. Who can give me the reason ________ he hasn’t come yet?
【答案】
in which
to whom
under which
for which
[解析]
1. 表示地点，用介词in； work in+地点
2. 表示说话的对象用 to, 习惯搭配：speak to
3. 在树下： under the tree, 因此用 under
4. 表示原因、理由用：for
【知识点】
“介词+ which”在从句中作状语，此时相当于关系副词。
I’ll still remember the day on which I joined the army.
此时的on which 相当于when，在句中作时间状语。
This is the place in which I was born.
此时的in which相当于where，在句中作地点状语。
This is the reason for which he was late.
此时的for which相当于why，在句中作原因状语。
关系副词：when where why
【知识点】when
420370147955
例： The time was wonderful.
She stayed with her mother at that time.
The time ___________she stayed with her mother at was wonderful.
The time ________ she stayed with her mother was wonderful.
The time she stayed with her mother was wonderful.
【答案】
which/that
at which
when
1186815118745先行词
关系副词 =on which
在定语从句中充当时间状语。
先行词
关系副词 =on which
在定语从句中充当时间状语。
I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League.（我将永远忘不了我入团的那一天。）
2179320146050先行词
关系副词 =in which
在定语从句中充当时间状语。
先行词
关系副词 =in which
在定语从句中充当时间状语。
I haven’t seen him since the year when he went abroad。（从他出国的那年，我就没见过他。）
【总结】
when在定语从句中作时间状语，只能修饰表示时间的名词（如：time, day, week, month, 等）相当于“介词+ 关系代词（which）”
when = in / at / on / during + which
若定语从句的先行词是时间，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，则用which或that引导定语从句。
I’ll never forget the time that / which I spent on campus.
I’ll never forget the time that/ which was spent with you.
【知识点】where
I like the village.
I was born in the village.
[即学即练· 填空题]
This is the village __________ I was born in.
This is the village _______ I was born.
This is the village _______ I was born.
【答案】
which/that
in which
1736090121285先行词
关系副词 =in which
在定语从句中充当地点状语。
先行词
关系副词 =in which
在定语从句中充当地点状语。
where
Tomorrow I will go to the town where I was born.（明天我要去我出生的那个小镇。）
【总结】
where在定语从句中作地点状语只能修饰表示地点的名词(如：place, school, factory, room, 等) ，相当于“介词+ 关系代词（which）”。
地点 where = at / in / on + which
若定语从句的先行词是地点，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句，而不用where来引导。
The library that/ which you visited yesterday was built in 1990.
高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂化，先行词从“明显的地点”向 “模糊的地点” 发展。如当先行词为point, situation, conditions, case, position, stage, scene, spot, activity, family, job等表示某人/ 物所处的情况、发展的阶段或表达某事的某个方面时，且关系词在从句中状语时，用where 引导定语从句，where相当于from which, under which等，表示“在这种情况下，从……中”等。
口诀：
一点上， 活动中，情况下，常用where最相宜
1.They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.
2.Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
【即学即练】
There is one point __________we must insist on.
【答案】
that/which
【知识点】why
We all like these foods for this reason.
The reason is known to all.
[即学即练· 填空题]
The reason __________ we all like these foods is known to all.
The reason ______we all like these foods is known to all.
【答案】
for which
why
-173990115570 先行词
关系副词 =for which
在定语从句中充当原因状语。
先行词
关系副词 =for which
在定语从句中充当原因状语。
The reason why he was so sad was that he lost the game.
（他如此伤心的原因是他比赛输了。）
【总结】
why通常跟在reason后引导定语从句，作原因状语，相当于“for+ which”。
【即学即练】
The reason ________he didn’t come was that he was ill.
The reason he explained is not true.
【答案】
why
that/which
若定语从句的先行词是reason，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，则用which或that引导定语从句。
The reason that/ which she gave was not true.
【知识点】way
way 作先行词时关系词的使用
1426845173355
in which
先行词 the way that
×
I really don’t like the way ( ) he talks with his parents.
The way( ) he explained to us was quite simple.
【答案】
that/in which
that/which
【小结】 关系副词 相当于介词+which
When 在定语从句中充当时间状语
where 在定语从句中充当地点状语
Why 在定语从句中充当原因状语
判断关系代词与关系副词:
方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要用关系代词；而不及物动词则要用关系副词.
[即学即练· 填空题]
1. This is the mountain village ______ I visited last year.
2. This is the mountain village _______ I stayed last year.
3. This is the mountain village _______ I stayed in last year.
【答案】
that/which
where
that/which
方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
This is the museum _______ my mother worked 10 years ago.
This is the museum _________ was built in 1950.
July 1, 1921 was the day ________ our Party was founded(成立).
July 1, 1921 was the day __________ we will not forget.
I remember the days _________ I lived in my home town.
I remember the days __________ I spent with my grandpa.
The house _______________ we’re going to visit was built a century ago.
The house _________________ used to be a temple is a school now.
The house _________ he used to live was flooded.
A bookstore is a place_________ you can get books.
A bookstore is a place _________ books are sold.
A bookstore is a place _____________ sell books.
I can’t find the card _______ I wrote your address.
I can’t find the card ____ _________ I wrote your address.
The box __________ he put his photos is gone.
The box _______________ he is carrying is heavy.
The hotel _________ we stayed during our holiday stands by the seaside.
The hotel ______________ stands by the seaside is quite comfortable.
The reason _______ he did it is not clear.
The reason ________ he gave to the teacher is unbelievable.
【答案】
where
which
when
which
when
which
which/that
which/that
where
where
where
which/that
where
on which
where
that/which
where
which/that
why
which
【总结】
关系词的选择依据先行词在从句中所作的成分，先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)；先行词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。
关系代词
指代
在定从中
省略否
who
人
作主语
不省
whom
人
作宾语
关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略
whose
人/物（的）
作定语（+n）
which
事/物
作主语/宾语
that
人/物
作主语/宾语
关系副词
指代
在定从中
省略否
when
介词+which
作时间状语
不可以省略
where
介词+which
作地点状语
why
介词for+which
作原因状语