名词性从句-高中英语知识点学案

名词性从句（Noun Clause）
【课程导入】
It is often said that ,in war,the winner writes the history.
It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he wants.
Most people hold the belief that education can change one's fate.
What interests you most is what made me an astronaut and how I was trained.
【知识点】
（一）名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子，它在复合句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语四种成分，具有名词性质。分别叫做主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
（二）：连接词
1. 从属连词： that无任何词义， 仅起连接作用，不作成分。
whether、if “是否”，仅起连接作用，不作成分。
连接代词：
what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,which,whichever,
whose有各自的含义，引导从句并在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。
连接副词：how,however,when,whenever,where,wherever,why有各自的含义，引导从句并在从句中作状语。
【知识点】
主语从句：
例：What he said surprised us.
That he didn't answer the question surprised us.
【即学即练】
找出下列句中的主语从句：
1.What we can't get seems better than what we have.
2.Whether they will attend the meeting hasn't been decided.
3.That the earth is round is well-known .
4.Whoever comes here is welcome.
【答案】
What we can't get
Whether they will attend the meeting
That the earth is round
Whoever comes here
【知识点】
主语从句的单复数问题。
1. 从句作主语时，谓语动词多用单数
Why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.
Who will take charge of the firm isn't known.
由what引导的主语从句谓语动词一般用单数形式，但是若从句表达复数含义或表语为复数可数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
What children need most is love.
What they need now are some books.
it作形式主语：
1).It be +n +that-clause
It is a fact that English is being accepted as intertional language.
It is no wonder that you have made so much progress.
常用的名词词组：a pity,a wonder,a surprise, no wonder,one's duty, common knowledge等
2) It be +adj +that-clause
It is important that we never lose the enthusiasm to keep on trying.
It is obvious that smart phones play an important part in our daily life.
常见的形容词有：
necessary,certain,natural,surprising,essential,clear,likely,possible等。
3)：It be +done +that-clause
It is known to all that “Where there is a will,there is a way.”
It is suggested that we should make good use of every minute.
常用的done有：said,reported,considered,believed,announced,
advised等。
.It seems/happens/makes no differences/appears......that从句
It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office.
It doesn't matter when he will call back.
【即学即练】
( ) matters most in learning English is enough practice.
( ) will take part in the match isn't unkown.
( ) is believed that success comes from hard work.
【答案】
What
Who
It
宾语从句：
【课前预习】
找出下列句中的宾语从句
He said (that) the film was excellent and that it was worth seeing a second time.
We doubt if/whether he can finish the task on schedule.
Success depends on whether we make enough effort.
【答案】
the film was excellent and that it was worth seeing a second time.
if/whether he can finish the task on schedule.
whether we make enough effort.
【知识点】
1) it作形式宾语
1. I think it great fun to learn English.
2. Doctors consider /think/believe/find it necessary that we take plenty of hot water.
3. The professor considers it no good reading without understanding.
自我归纳：think/consider/believe/find/regard,feel,make....+it+adj/n+
to do/doing/宾语从句
I would appreciate it if you could lend me a hand .
I like it when it's autumn here.
I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.
自我归纳：表示“喜欢、厌恶”的动词常用it作形式宾语。
sb likes/loves/appreciates/prefers/hates/dislikes......it+宾语从句。
I will see to it that everything is ready in time.
Don't take it for granted that our parents care for us.
You may depend on it that Tom will help you with your English.
自我归纳：
depend on/rely on/count on/see to/take......for granted,
keep...in mind,owe...to...等动词短语后常用it作形式宾语.
【即学即练】
【改错】
All these noises made impossible for us to go on with the work.
You should keep this in mind that comparing notes is a good way to improve your study.
He wishes to make friends with whomever shares his hobbies and interests.
【答案】
made和impossible之间加上“it”
this改为 it
whomever改为whoever
表语从句
【知识点】
1. 从句在主系表结构的句子中充当表语成分。
That is why he was late.
基本结构：主语+系动词+表语从句。
常用的系动词有be,look,sound,taste,seem,remain等。
My advice is that you should practise more.
It seems that they have finished the job.
as if/as though引导的表语从句，系动词常为look,seem,sound等，从句可用陈述语气，也可以用虚拟语气。
It looks as if it is/were going to snow.
It sounds as if you are from the south of the province.
That is why +结果 “那就是.....的原因”。
That is because +原因 “那是因为....”.
The reason why ...is that... ...的原因是...
【即学即练】
【填空】
（1）That is （ ）we don't trust him.
（2）That is ( ) he often lies.
（3）The reason( ) we don't trust him is ( )he often lies.
（4）What I want to know is ( )road we should take.
（5）You are saying that everyone is equal,and this is
( ) I disagree.
【答案】
（1）why
（2）because
（3）why that
（4）which
（5）where
同位语从句：
【知识点】
概念：同位语从句在句子中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后,说明该名词的具体内容.与从句同位的名词通常是表事实的抽象名词。
如：事实fact, 建议advice/suggestion, 想法idea, 消息news, 诺言promise,希望hope, 信念belief, 怀疑doubt, 愿望wish, 真相truth, 可能性possibility, 命令order......
【即学即练】
找出下列句中的同位语从句
（1）There is no doubt that English plays an important part in our life.
（2）The student asked me the question whether the book was worthing reading.
（3）The question why the sky is blue is difficult to answer.
（4）His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.
【答案】
There is no doubt
（2）The student asked me the question
（3）The question
（4）His delay is due to the fact
【知识点】
一：同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
1：同位语从句修饰的名词常为抽象名词，如fact,idea,suggestion,
promise等，它对前面的名词起解释、说明作用。定语从句的先行词往往比较具体，对先行词起修饰、限定作用。另外，同位语从句可以在从句与前面的那个名词之间试加be动词。
2：同位语从句中的that不作成分，只起连接作用，而定语从句中的that必须作成分。
【即学即练】
划线部分在句中的成分是（）。
My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.
（2）Can you tell me the office where he works ?
（3）We are delighted at the news that we'll have a two-day holiday.
（4）All of us showed interest in the news that the teacher told us.
【答案】
同位语从句
定语从句
同位语从句
定语从句
【填空】
1：The student asked me the question ( ) the book was worth reading.
2: The question ( ) the student asked was worth consideration.
【答案】
Whether
that/which
【填空】
Whether和 if的区别：
1:She wondered ( )the bus was still running.
2:( )the bus was still running remains a puzzle.
3:She is worried about ( ) the bus was still running
4:Her question is( ) the bus was still running
5:She didn't know ( )to cry or to laugh.
6:He doesn't know ( ) to go or not.
7:( )you miss the chance ,you will regret.
【答案】
whether/if
Whether
whether
whether
whether
whether
If
巧记口诀：
主从表从同位从， if 不用whether用
discuss和介词后，whether用来引宾从
不定式、or not紧跟走，whether独能显神通
避免歧义要慎重，其他情况可换用。
【填空】
Dear teachers:
( ) makes us depressed ( ) we will graduate from Luoshan Senior School .The reason why we are so sad is ( ) we will say goodbye to our lovely teachers and classmates.
The days we spent together are full of joys and tears.
( )you are always so strict with us made us annoyed.However,you are also ready to give your hand to ( )turns to you for help.
Now we understand ( ) you have tried to do for us.( )you do and say is of great help to us.
Thank you very much for your teaching!
【答案】
It that that That whoever what What
【一句多译】
1：据报纸上报道，两国之间的会谈正在取得进展。
in the newspapers,talks between the two countries are making progress.
(2) in the newspapers that talks between the two countries are making progress.
(3) in the newspapers is that talks between the two countries are making progress.
【答案】
As is reported
It is reported
What is reported
2:她的宠物狗死了，使她很难过。
Her pet dog was dead , 。
Her pet dog was dead , 。
is that her pet dog was dead.
made her sad.
【答案】
making her very sad.
（2）which made her very sad.
（3）What made her very sad
（4）That her pet dog was dead