虚拟语气-高中英语知识点学案

虚拟语气
【知识点】
一、虚拟语气定义
1.英语动词有三种语气， 陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气.
2.定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。
If I am free, I will visit you.（真实条件句）
If I were a bird, I would fly into the sky.（虚拟条件句）
If I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car. (与现在事实相反）
If he had got up early, he would not have been late for school.（与过去事实相反）
【即学即练】
If he_______more carefully, he_______the car accident yesterday.（与过去事实相反）
【答案】
had driven would not have had
If I________how to swim,I ________trapped in this island.（与过去事实相反）
【答案】
had learnt would not have been
【即学即练】
翻译
假如他来了, 我们对他说什么呢？
【答案】
If he were to come, what should we say to him.
假如他看见我, 就会认识我。
【答案】
If he should see me, he would know me.
【知识点】
一、一般条件句中的虚拟语气
时间
If条件句
主句
过去
had done
640715101600
would
should +have done sth.
could
might
现在
助动词be用were
实义动词do用did
695325121285
would
should +do sth.
could
might
将来
did/were
should do
were to do
661035121920
would
should +do sth.
could
might
【即学即练】
If I were you, I ____ buy the house right now.
A. won’t B. don’t C. wouldn’t D. can’t
2. _____more careful, his ship would not have sunk.
A. If the captain were
B. If the captain had been
C. Should the captain be
D. If the captain would have been
3. If he ____me tomorrow, I would let him know.
A. should call B. should not have been able
C. were not able D. are not able
【答案】
C
2. B
3.A
几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法：
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现在： 过去时（did/were）
（1）Wish+宾语从句 过去： 过去完成时（had done）
未来： would/could+V
例：
I wish I were a bird.
I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake.
We wish our parents wouldn’t punish us.
（2）If only引导的虚拟语气
1. 与过去事实相反,后面跟过去完成时, had+过去分词
If only I had not come home alone.
2. 与现在事实相反,后面跟一般过去时.
If only I were a boy.= I wish I were a boy.
3. 与将来事实相反,后面跟一般过去时或should + 动词原形
If only I could see you tomorrow.
1867535147955
现在：过去时
Would rather than+ 过去：过去完成时
未来：过去时
例：
I would rather you paid me now.
I would rather you had gone, too.
Don’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow.
（4）
it is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。
It is time that the children went to bed.
It is high time that the children should go to bed.
（5）without和but for 构成虚拟。(but for要不是)
1. Without sunlight, people’s life would be different from today.
2. But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work.
3. But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.
三、 名词性从句的虚拟语气。
主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。
（1）宾语从句。常见动词：
一个坚持：insist
两个命令：order, command
三个建议：advise, suggest, propose
四个要求：demand , require, request, desire
这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。
例：
We suggested that Tom should have a rest.
我们建议Tom去休息一下。
He insisted that I (should) be present.
他坚决要求我到场。
The king ordered that the prisoners Should be killed the next day.
国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。
They requested that we should send them to work there.
他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。
（2）当insist表示“坚持认为”，suggest表示“表明、暗示”时，后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。
例：
1.He insisted that he had not entered the house, and (he insisted) that he should be set free.
2.His pale face suggested that he was weak.
四、虚拟语气注意点：
假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。
例：
If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.
If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t be in the hospital.
【即学即练】
1 .The volleyball match will be put off if it _____.　
A.　will rain　 B. rains　 C. rained　 D. is rained
【答案】
A
2. You didn’t let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you ____ so tired.
A. drove…didn’t get
B. had driven…wouldn’t have got
C. drove…wouldn’t get
D. were driving…wouldn’t get
【答案】
B
If you _____ him yesterday, you _____ what to do now.
A. asked … would know
B. had asked … would have known
C. asked him … know
D. had asked … would know
【答案】
D
What would have happened, _____ as far as the river bank? A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
【答案】
C
How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden! (02 上海)
A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
【答案】
B