宾语从句的引导词
【课程导入】
1. 回顾宾语从句的概念,语序和时态
2. 了解宾语从句的引导词的区别
宾语从句引导词:
连词:that(that常可省略), whether, if
代词:who, whose, what, which
副词:when, where, how, why
【即学即练】
[单选题]
I don’t know( ) .
A. what time the movie starts? ? ? ? B. what time starts the movie
C. the time to start the movie? ? ? ? D. the movie what time starts
【答案】A
【解析】译文:我不知道电影什么时候开始。宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。
【语法学习】
【考点】
由 that 引导的宾语从句
【知识点】
1. 如果从句是陈述句,引导词用that(that在口语或非正式文体中常省略)
2. 可跟that从句做宾语的动词有: say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。
以that 引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导陈述句形式的宾语从句,that可以省略
I know (that) he is a Canadian athlete. 我知道他是一位加拿大的运动员。
Do you think (that) the children need to write a song? 你认为孩子们需要写歌吗?
Maria says (that) she doesn’t like the uniforms. 玛利亚说她不喜欢这些制服。
当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示
I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that. 我不认为他那样对待你是正 确的。
【即学即练】
[单选题]
I ( )for you do this.
A. don’t think it is wrong B. think it isn’t wrong
C. didn’t think it is wrong D. did think it isn’t wrong
【答案】A
【解析】当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示
that不可以省略
①当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省
He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
②当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省
Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
③当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省
I can’t tell him that his mother died.
【考点】
掌握由以whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句,并了解他们的不同。
【知识点】
由whether(if)引导的宾语从句,实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
一般说来,在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用,但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。
一、只能用whether,不能用if引导的宾语从句
1. whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用,而if一般不能。
正: Let me know whether you can come or not. 让我知道你是否可以回来。
误: Let me know if you can come or not.
2. 当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用whether引导,而不能用if。
正: Whether it is true or not, I can’t tell. 不管它对不对,我不能说。
误: If it is true or not, I can’t tell.
3. whether可以引导带to的不定式,if则不能。
正: I don’t know whether to accept or refuse. 我不知道是接受还是拒绝。
误: I don’t know if to accept or refuse.
4. whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后,作介词的宾语,但if不能。
正: I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我担心我是否伤害了她的感情。
误: I worry about if I hurt her feelings.
5. whether可以引导从句,作主语、表语或同位语,而if不能。
正: It was uncertain whether he would come. 他是否会来还不确定。
误: It was uncertain if he would come.
二.只能用if, 不能用whether 的宾语从句。
if引导否定概念的宾语从句时:
He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.他问我昨天是不是没去学校。
【即学即练】
[单选题]
1. I don’t know( ) he will come or not.
A. if B. whether C. which D. that
【答案】B
【解析】whether 与 or not 连用。
2. I worry about( ) I hurt her feelings.
A. whether B. if C. If D. that
【答案】A
【解析】whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后,作介词的宾语,但if不能。
【考点】
连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
【知识点】
由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的,宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是:see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。
1、英语中的连接代词(疑问代词)有:who, whom, whose, which, what 在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。
Can you tell me whom you are waiting for? 能告诉我你在等谁吗?
2、英语中的连接副词(疑问副词)有:when, where, why, how 在句中担任状语的成分。
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 我们谁也不知道这些新零件在哪儿可以买到。
what作为引导词在变为宾语从句不改变语序的情况只有两种what is the matter 和 what is wrong。 因为这两种情况下what 既是引导词又是主语,其它的情况都要改变语序。
what宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句时态:
1、主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时。
2、主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。
3、主句用过去时,从句是真理时,只用一般现在时。
【即学即练】
[单选题]
1.The book will show you( ) you must do.
A. what B. that C. who D. whose
2. Please tell me( ) book this is.
A. what B. that C. whose D. who
3. Do you know( )wrong with him?
A. what is B. is what C. what D. was what
【答案】
1. A
2. C
3. A
【解析】
1. 译文:这本书将会告诉你,你应该做什么。
2. 译文:请告诉我这是谁的书。whose有”谁的”的意思。
3. 在 what is the matter 这种情况下,what 引导的宾语从句不用改变语序。