方式状语从句
【课程导入】
1. 能够理解在主从复合句中,方式状语从句表示动作的方式,多用来谈论某人的行为或者做某事的方式。
2. 方式状语从句引导词有:as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though, the way等等。
【语法学习】
【考点】
as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导的方式状语从句
【知识点】
1. As, just as和 (just) as…so… 引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思是"正如…","就像",“按照……的方式(样子,办法)”,多用于正式文体,例如:
Please do as what I told you. 请按照我告诉你的做。
【知识点】
2. 由as if, as though引导
as if 和 as though 两者的意义和用法相同,表示"仿佛……似的","好像……似的"。as if 和as though 引导的从句中的时态取决于说话者对所谈内容的态度。
【as if 和 as though常用在be,act,appear,behave,fell,look,seem,smell,sound,taste及其他描写行为举止的动词之后,引导方式从句】
as if, as though引导的方式状语从句:
一、若说话者认为其看法是真的或可能会成为事实,从句谓语就按常规变化。
He looks as if he is angry.他看上去好像生气了。
It looked as if there would be an exciting race.看来要有一场激动人心的比赛。
When the spaceship leaves the earth at tremendous speed,the astronauts feel as if they are being crushed against the spaceship floor.
当宇宙飞船以巨大的速度离开地球时,宇航员们觉得自己好像正在被压向宇宙飞船的底壁上去。
二、如果从句的内容是不真实的,是与事实相反的,从句的谓语时态要用虚拟语气。
They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它不存在似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。)
三、方式状语从句有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气。)
四、as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语、形容词或介词短语
He stared at me as if seeing me for the first time.
他目不转睛地看着我,就像第一次看见我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的。
The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.
波涛冲击着岩石,好像很愤怒。
【即学即练】
[单选题]
He looks as if (as though) he ( ) hit by lightning.
A. had been B. has been C. was
【答案】A
【解析】 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。从句与过去事实相反,再加上被动语态,所以是过去完成时的被动语态had been done。
【知识点】
3. As引导方式状语从句可倒装
As引导方式状语从句可以采用倒装结构,此时的结构一般是“as+助动词+主语”,as 往往是代替被省略的谓语部分。
He believe, as did his mother, that people should start as early as possible to look at the world and at nature and to think about what they saw.
他和他母亲一样相信,人们应该尽早开始观察世界和自然,并思考他们所看到的。(as did his mother = as his mother believed)
【知识点】
4. as的特殊用法:用于否定句
(1)as前面的句子是否定的,as所在的句子本身是肯定的。
He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.
他并没有像许多人那样,认为因为我们话说得不好,就不会正确地思维了。
(2) as前面的句子是肯定的,as所在的句子本身是否定的。
She described the scene as no other people described it.她这样描写这个场景,而没有其他人会这样描写。
【即学即练】
[单选题]
He could love the child ( ) he ( ) love Mike.
A. as...don not B. as... did not C.as... as not
【答案】B
【解析】他可以爱上这个孩子,然而他却不爱迈克。
【知识点】
5. 其他的引导词
(1) (in) the way (that)
Please pronounce the word the way I do. 请照我这样,读这个单词.
(2) 口语常用的like
He sit there smiling like it was his birthday. 他面带微笑坐在那儿,像是过生日似的。(这里用了虚拟语气,值得注意的是be动词用的was,而表示虚拟as if引导的be动词则只能是were。)
【即学即练】
[单选题]
They didn't do it ( )we do now.那时他们不像我们现在这样行事。
A. this way B. the way C. if
【答案】B
【解析】 那时他们不像我们现在这样行事。