(共21张PPT)
专题八 情态动词与虚拟语气
-2-
基础考法
能力考法
考法1 考查情态动词的基本用法
对于情态动词,通常是在具体的语境(尤其是对话)中考查其基本含义。个别高频情态动词在特殊语境下的特殊含义(如:must“非得;偏要”,should“竟然”,shall用于第二、三人称表示警告、命令、威胁、允诺、规定等)是高考的热点和难点。常见情态动词的基本用法是高考考查的重点。
(1)表示推测(可能性)
对于情态动词表示推测的考查多以填空的形式出现,其特点有三:一是空格后紧跟动词原形;二是结合具体的语境命题;三是侧重must,can,could,may,might,should表示推测时在语气和句式上的差异。
-3-
基础考法
能力考法
-4-
基础考法
能力考法
【典型例题1】(2015·重庆卷改编)You
be
Carol.You
haven’t
changed
a
bit
after
all
these
years.?
解析:句意:你一定是卡罗尔。这么多年后你一点儿都没变。根据语境可知,此处应该用情态动词表示推测,由下文“这么多年后你一点儿都没变”可推知此处为非常肯定的猜测。故填must,表示“一定”。
考法总结空后为动词原形,故此处只能填助动词或情态动词;根据下文内容可知此处是说话人的猜测,因为有“据”可循,所以非常肯定,故填语气最为强烈的情态动词must,表示“一定”。
-5-
基础考法
能力考法
(2)表示必要性、义务、责任等
主要集中在考查must(意为“必须”),should和need等的用法上。
【典型例题2】(2019·天津卷,单项填空)The
professor
warned
the
students
that
on
no
account
they
use
mobile
phones
in
his
class.?
解析:句意:教授警告学生们在任何情况下都不能在他的课上使用手机。on
no
account
“在任何情况下都不……”。否定短语置于句首引起部分倒装;warn后面的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气:should+动词原形。
-6-
基础考法
能力考法
【典型例题3】(2016·北京卷改编)I
love
the
weekend,because
I
get
up
early
on
Saturdays
and
Sundays.?
解析:句意:我喜欢周末,因为在周六、周日我不必早起。根据句意可知填needn’t,表示“不必”。
考法总结根据考题要求,无提示词填空题只填1个词,所以此处不能填don’t
have
to。
-7-
基础考法
能力考法
(3)表示请求、建议、命令、允许、允诺、禁止等
-8-
基础考法
能力考法
【典型例题4】You
be
careful
with
the
camera.It
costs!?
解析:句意:你必须要小心使用相机。它很贵重!根据下文的“It
costs!”可知,此处是说话人对使用相机的人提出的要求,must表示“必须”,指说话人主观上的要求,语气强烈。故答案为must。
考法总结根据空后的动词原形be可知此处填情态动词,根据句意和后面的感叹号可知这是说话人提出的要求,且语气非常强烈,因此只能填must。
-9-
基础考法
能力考法
考法2 考查“情态动词+have
done”的用法
情态动词+have
done的用法是高考的难点,主要的考查形式是给出动词,让考生根据语境选择适当的情态动词填空,考查内容既可能涉及情态动词的使用,也可能涉及动词过去分词的形式。
-10-
基础考法
能力考法
【典型例题5】(2014·安徽卷改编)People
are
recycling
many
things
which
they
(throw)
away
in
the
past.?
解析:句意:人们正在回收利用很多他们过去会扔掉的东西。根据句意可知,从句是说过去可能会做的事。故填would/could/might
have
thrown。
考法总结此处表示对过去可能会做的事情的推测,应该使用“情态动词+have
done”结构,表示推测应用could或might,也可填would,表示过去的倾向。
-11-
基础考法
能力考法
考法3 考查虚拟语气的用法
虚拟语气主要会在语篇填空或短文改错题型中出现,同时if的省略所产生的倒装现象也是常考的语法点。考生要根据上下文语境来揣摩句子的语气,同时注意if引导的非真实条件句中省略if引起倒装的语法现象。对于虚拟语气,考生需注意以下几点:
(1)虚拟语气用于条件状语从句时,从句或主句中动词的形式。
(2)虚拟语气在with,without,but
for,under,or等构成的结构代替条件状语从句时的用法。
(3)wish后的宾语从句,表示建议、愿望、命令等的动词或名词后的名词性从句以及as
if/as
though引导的从句中虚拟语气的用法。
-12-
基础考法
能力考法
【典型例题6】(2018·天津卷,单项填空)If
we
(catch)
the
flight
yesterday,we
would
be
enjoying
our
holiday
on
the
beach
now.?
解析:句意:如果昨天我们赶上那趟航班了,我们现在就会在沙滩上享受我们的假期了。if引导的从句表示与过去事实相反的假设,其谓语动词应用had
done的形式。故答案为had
caught。
考法总结根据主句中的would
be
enjoying可快速确定此题考查对过去事实的虚拟;if引导的条件句中表示和过去事实相反的动作时,其谓语动词应该用“had+过去分词”形式,故填had
caught。
-13-
基础考法
能力考法
考法1 意义和语气判断法
所谓意义判断法就是分析语境并确定应填情态动词的含义。因此熟练掌握每个情态动词的意义和用法是正确答题的前提。此外,情态动词主要表示说话人的语气、情感或态度,所以在解答此类试题时,要从说话者的角度去考虑问题,结合具体的语境进行分析和判断,最后确定所选情态动词是否符合说话者的语气以及特定的情感需要。
【典型例题1】(2016·浙江卷改编)George
(not
go)
too
far.His
coffee
is
still
warm.?
解析:由下文的“His
coffee
is
still
warm.”可知,乔治应该是刚离开,不可能走太远,此处表示对过去发生的事情非常有把握的否定推测。故填can’t/couldn’t
have
gone。
-14-
基础考法
能力考法
考法2 时间判断法
虚拟语气的考查重点在于判断句子是对现在、过去还是将来的动作进行虚拟。判断出时间后再根据相应的结构或句型确定谓语动词的形式。
【典型例题2】(2019·天津卷,单项填空)The
workers
were
not
better
organised,otherwise
they
(accomplish)
task
in
half
the
time.?
解析:句意:工人们缺乏组织性,否则他们就可以仅用一半的时间完成这项任务了。这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,主句应用would/should/could/might+have
done。故答案为would/should/could/might
have
accomplished。
-15-
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2019·河北唐山一中模拟)Scientists
point
out
that
focusing
too
much
on
your
appearance
itself
be
harmful
if
it
creates
stress
and
anxiety.?
2.(2019·北京朝阳区统考)If
you’re
planning
to
get
away
from
it
all
this
year,you
think
passport
first.?
3.(2019·中国人民大学附中模考)We
(enjoy)
the
sunshine
in
Sanya
now
if
it
were
not
for
the
delay
of
our
flight.?
4.(2019·山西康杰中学月考)If
the
new
safety
system
(put)
to
use,the
accident
would
never
have
happened.?
5.After
that,the
manager
demanded
the
source
of
all
the
water
supplies
(examine).?
(should)
be
examined
can
should/must
would
be
enjoying
had
been
put
-16-
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
6.Don’t
go
to
the
cinema
this
afternoon,and
you
should
finish
your
work
first.I’d
rather
you
(go)
tomorrow.?
7.When
life
gets
hard
and
you
want
to
give
up,remember
that
life
is
full
of
ups
and
downs,and
without
the
downs,the
ups
(mean)
nothing.?
8.My
son
(worry)
before
he
came
to
the
new
school,for
his
classmates
here
were
very
friendly
to
him.?
9.No
reader
take
a
book
out
of
the
library
without
permission
of
the
librarian.?
10.Everybody
knows
you
shouldn’t
put
children’s
beds
under
a
window
in
case
a
child
(try)
to
climb
out.?
went
would
mean
needn’t
have
worried
shall
should
try
-17-
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
1.(2016·全国Ⅱ卷改编)We
can
chose
between
staying
at
home
and
taking
a
trip.
2.I
suggest
that
we
telling
them
we
want
them
to
trust
us
as
much
as
we’d
like
to
trust
them.
3.That
mustn’t
be
our
head
teacher,because
he
is
in
Indonesia.
chose→choose
telling→tell
mustn’t→can’t
-18-
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
4.I
wish
I
am
a
bird
and
could
fly
freely
in
the
sky.
5.Mr
Li
told
me
with
a
smile,“You
must
put
it
somewhere
else.I
am
sure
it
will
turn
up
soon.”
am→were
must后加have
6.There
should
be
any
difficulty
about
winning
the
speech
contest
now
that
you’re
well
prepared
for
it.
should→shouldn’t或在should后加not
7.The
upset
mother
thought
to
herself,“If
only
I
know
what’s
going
on
in
my
little
boy’s
head
right
now.”
know→knew
-19-
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
8.When
waiting
to
be
served,it’s
important
that
you
would
wait
your
turn.
9.It
seems
as
if
the
meeting
held
by
the
two
parties
never
end.
would→should或删除would
never前加would
10.Had
Andy
kept
writing
at
age
40,probably
he
can
become
a
well-known
poet
now.
can→would
-20-
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Adam
Harper
drinks
a
lot
of
coffee
to
stay
up
for
study.Recently,Adam
1. (feel)
that
drinking
much
coffee
was
making
2.
hard
for
him
to
sleep.He
also
complained
of
stomachaches.So
he
decided
to
stop
drinking
coffee.?
When
Adam
got
up
on
October
3,he
began
his
day
3.
this
morning
coffee.By
11
am,Adam
was
in
a
4.
(terribly)
condition.He
was
tired
and
had
a
headache.At
11:30,in
the
meeting
with
his
student
advisor,he
found
it
5.
(possible)
to
concentrate.What
was
going
on??
felt
it
without
terrible
impossible
-21-
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Caffeine,a
chemical
6. (find)
in
coffee,was
most
likely
the
reason
for
how
Adam
felt.Caffeine
is
a
stimulant(兴奋剂)
7.
boosts
energy
levels
and
improves
concentration.The
result
of
lowering
caffeine
consumption
is
a
“coffee
headache”
and
the
8. (lose)
of
concentration.?
The
good
news
is
that
these
feelings
usually
pass
after
four
to
five
days.Doctors
suggest
9. (take)
some
aspirin
for
the
headache.So,if
Adam
can
wait,in
less
than
a
week,he
may
be
feeling
much
10. (well).?
found
that/which
loss
taking
better