Unit
3
词形变换
1.
produce
v.
→
product
n.
2.
pollute
v.
→
pollution
n.
3.
enemy
n.
→
enemies
（复数）→
friend
（反义词）
4.
fight
v.
→
fought
（过去式）→
fought
（过去分词）
5.
hope
n.
→
hopeful
adj.
→
hopeless
（反义词）
6.
policy
n.
→
policies
（复数）
7.
recycle
v.
→
recycling
n.
→
recycled
adj.
8.
waste
n.
&
v.
→
wasteful
adj.
9.
rapid
adj.
→
fast
（同义词）
10.
china
n.
→
China
n.
中国
常用词组
1.
clean
up
清理
2.
in
such
a
short
time
在这么短的时间里
3.
pay
attention
to
关注
4.
keep
sth.
growing
让某物一直生长
5.
once
a
day
一天一次
6.
be
off
to...
动身去……
7.
try
one’s
best
尽某人最大努力
8.
not...
any
more
不再……
9.
keep
sth.
clean
保持某物干净
10.
be
good
for...
对……有益
11.
in
this
way
用这种方式
12.
the
harm
of...
……的害处
13.
join
in
加入
14.
leave
lights
on
让灯亮着
重点句型
1.
If
we
pay
attention
to
pollution
now,
the
future
will
be
hopeful.
如果我们现在关注污染，将来会有希望的。
2.
We
can
help
keep
the
air
clean
by
planting
trees.
我们可以通过植树帮助保持空气清洁。
3.
Do
not
throw
away
things
made
of
glass,
plastic
and
paper,
but
recycle
them
when
possible.
不要扔掉由玻璃、塑料和纸制成的东西，如果可能的话，回收利用它们。
4.
Don’t
leave
lights
on
and
waste
electricity.
不要让灯亮着，浪费电。
5.
Producing
electricity
and
using
oil
will
not
cause
pollution.
发电和用石油不会造成污染。
语法链接
构词法
把两个或两个以上的词组合在一起或在一个词的基础上进行变化，从而得到一个新词，即为“构词”。在初中阶段主要学习三种构词法：合成法、派生法和转化法。
1.
合成法
把两个或两个以上独立的词结合在一起，构成一个新词，这种构词法叫合成法。常见的合成词有合成名词、合成形容词和合成动词。
（1）合成名词。如：
after+noon→afternoon,
door+bell→doorbell
（2）合成形容词。如：
world+famous→world-famous,
good+looking→good-looking
（3）合成动词。如：
down+load→download
2.
派生法
派生法也叫前缀、后缀构词法，即由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词的构词方法。
（1）前缀
添加在词根前的构词部分叫前缀，多数情况下它不改变原词的词性。常见的有以下几种：
1）im-,
un-,
in-,
dis-,
non-等，表示“否定”。如：
possible→impossible,
load→unload,
correct→incorrect,
like→dislike,
smoker→non-smoker
2）re-，表示“重复”。如：write→rewrite
3）mis-，表示“错误地”。如：use→misuse
4）anti-，表示“反对；防止”。如：war→antiwar
5）inter-，表示“相互；交互；在……之间”。如：national→international
（2）后缀
添加在词根后的构词部分叫后缀，多数情况下它改变原词的词性。常见的有以下几种：
1）名词后缀：-er,
-or,
-ist,
-ship,
-tion,
-ment等。如：
sing→singer,
act→actor,
violin→violinist,
friend
→friendship,
invent→invention,
enjoy→enjoyment
2）形容词后缀：-ful,
-less,
-able等。如：
peace→peaceful,
care→careless,
reason→
reasonable
3）动词后缀：-en,
-ise等。如：
strength→strengthen,
modern→modernise
4）副词后缀：-ly。如：
careful→carefully
5）数词后缀：-th,
-teen,
-ty等。如：
six→sixth,
sixteen,
sixty
3.
转化法
转化法是指将一种词类转化为另一种词类且词形不变。转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。常见的有以下几种：
（1）动词→名词。如：
waste
v.
浪费；滥用→n.
浪费；滥用
（2）名词→动词。如：
test
n.
测试；试验→v.
测验；测试
（3）形容词→动词。如：
slow
adj.
慢的→v.
放慢Unit
1
常用词组
1.
be
worried
about
担心……
2.
our
great
enemy
我们的劲敌
3.
have
to＝have
got
to
不得不；必须
4.
use
sth.
for
sth.
用某物来做某事
5.
in
some
places
在有些地方
6.
so
many
cars
这么多的车
7.
save
energy
节约能源
8.
less
waste
更少的浪费
9.
it’s
no
use
doing
sth.
做某事是没用的
10.
a
danger
to
our
health
（威胁）我们健康的一大危害
11.
use
the
water
for...
用水浇……
12.
spread
over...
遍布……
13.
stop...
from
doing
sth.
阻止……做某事
重点句型
1.
If
the
rivers
are
polluted,
farmers
can’t
use
the
water
for
their
crops.
如果河流被污染了，农民就不能用河水来灌溉庄稼了。
2.
It’s
no
use
talking
about
things
we
can’t
do.
谈论我们无法做到的事是没有用的。
3.
At
a
green
school,
every
class
collects
waste
which
can
be
recycled
or
used
again.
在环保学校，每个班级都收集能够被回收利用或再次使用的废品。
4.
Though
pollution
is
heavy
now,
I
don’t
think
it’s
hopeless.
虽然现在污染很严重，但我认为那也不是毫无希望的。
5.
If
everyone
starts
to
do
something,
the
world
will
be
saved.
如果每个人都开始做点什么，这个世界就可以被拯救。
要点精析
1.
It’s
no
use
talking
about
things
we
can’t
do.
谈论我们无法做到的事是没有用的。
It’s
no
use
doing
sth.
是一个固定句型，意思是“做某事没用/只是白费力气”。在这个句型中，动词-ing形式是主语，it是形式主语。如：
It
is
no
use
crying
over
spilt
milk.
覆水难收。（谚语）
【拓展】这种动词-ing形式作主语、it作形式主语的句型还有：
（1）It
is
no
good
doing
sth.
做某事不好/没用/不行。
（2）It’s
a
waste
of
time/money
doing
sth.
做某事是白费时间/金钱的。
（3）It’s
fun
doing
sth.
做某事很有趣。
2.
At
a
green
school,
every
class
collects
waste
which
can
be
recycled
or
used
again.
在环保学校，每个班级都收集能够被回收利用或再次使用的废品。
（1）waste
n.
废料；废弃物。如：
Put
all
the
waste
in
this
bag.
把所有垃圾放进这只袋子里。
常见搭配：It’s
a
waste
of
time/money
doing
sth.
做某事是浪费时间/金钱的。
【注意】表示不同种类的“废弃物”时，waste可用复数形式。
【拓展】waste
v.
浪费；滥用。常见搭配：waste
time/money
on
sth.
在某事上浪费时间/金钱;
waste
time
（in）
doing
sth.
做某事浪费时间。如：
In
order
not
to
waste
electricity,
turn
off
all
the
lights
when
you
go
out.
为了不浪费电，出门时把所有的灯关掉。
（2）recycle
v.
回收利用；再使用。如：
We
should
try
to
recycle
all
our
waste
paper.
我们应该设法回收利用我们所有的废纸。Unit
2
常用词组
1.
ride
a
bike
to
school
骑车去上学
2.
ask
for
a
plastic
bag
索要塑料袋
3.
do
with
处理
4.
divide
the
waste
into...
把废弃物分成……
5.
be
harmful
to...
对……有害处
6.
use
again
再次使用
7.
as
long
as
possible
尽可能长时间地
8.
look
after
照料；保养
9.
if
possible
如果有可能
10.
throw
away
扔掉；丢弃
11.
paper
cups/bags
纸杯/袋
12.
china
cups
瓷杯
13.
change...
into...
把……变成……
14.
develop
a
recycling
policy
制订一项回收利用政策
15.
the
whole
community
整个社区
16.
hope
for
希望；期待
17.
take
these
simple
steps
采取这些简单的措施
18.
draw
up
起草；草拟
重点句型
1.
Do
you
divide
the
waste
into
things
to
recycle
and
things
to
throw
away?
你把废品分成可回收利用的和要扔掉的吗？
2.
Look
after
them
so
that
they
will
last.
Repair
them
if
possible.
保养它们，以便使用更长时间。如果可能，就修理一下它们。
3.
Do
not
order
more
food
than
you
can
finish.
不要点多于你能吃完的食物。
4.
It
is
better
to
use
china
cups
and
cloth
bags
because
they
can
be
used
many
times.
用瓷杯和布袋更好，因为它们可以多次使用。
5.
Let’s
take
these
simple
steps
today
so
that
we
will
save
the
world
for
our
grandsons
and
granddaughters
tomorrow.
让我们从现在开始采取这些简单的措施吧，以便为我们的子孙后代保护好地球。
要点精析
1.
Do
you
divide
the
waste
into
things
to
recycle
and
things
to
throw
away?
你把废品分成可回收利用的和要扔掉的吗？
divide
v.
分开；划分。常见搭配：divide
sth.
into...
将某物分成……;
divide
sth.
in
half将某物分为两半。如：
Divide
the
cake
into
four
parts.
把蛋糕分成四份。
2.
It
is
better
to
use
china
cups
and
cloth
bags.
用瓷杯和布袋更好。
（1）cloth
n.
布；布料。如：
How
much
cloth
does
it
take
to
make
a
dress?
做一件连衣裙要多少布料？
（2）cloth主要用作不可数名词，没有复数形式，但如果指有特殊用途的布（如抹布、桌布等）则为可数名词，其复数形式为cloths。
（3）表示“一块布”时，一般要借助量词词组a
piece
of。
【辨析】clothes,
cloth,
clothing
（1）clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词要用复数。如：
Yesterday
her
mother
bought
herself
a
suit
of
clothes.
昨天，她妈妈为自己买了一套衣服。
（2）cloth作“布料”讲时，为不可数名词。如：
She
bought
some
cloth
to
make
herself
a
dress.
她买了一些布来给自己做条裙子。
（3）clothing是不可数名词，为衣服、服装的总称。如：
Our
clothing
protects
us
against
the
cold.
我们的衣服用以御寒。Module
12
Save
our
world
一、根据句意及中文提示完成句子
1.
Pass
me
a
____________
（瓶）
of
juice,
please!
2.
Would
you
please
put
the
____________
（瓷器）
away
carefully?
3.
____________
（分开）
the
apples
into
quarters
so
the
boys
can
share.
4.
I
can’t
hear
clearly.
Please
____________
（重说）
the
question.
5.
What
do
you
think
of
the
new
transportation
____________（政策）?
6.
This
is
a
____________
（橡胶）
toy.
It
won’t
be
destroyed
by
water.
7.
Just
now
Mr
Black
walked
at
a
____________
（快速的）
pace
along
Charles
Street.
8.
There
is
____________
（较少的）
time
left
than
we
have
hoped.
Please
hurry.
9.
Needless
to
say,
it’s
a
____________
（浪费）
of
time
playing
computer
games.
10.
For
these
farmers,
rice
is
an
important
（作物）
on
the
island.
11.
The
survey
shows
us
how
much
____________
（能源）
we
can
save
in
a
year.
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.
The
soldier
died
for
saving
the
child,
so
his
___________（die）
is
heavier
than
Mount
Tai.
2.
The
child
looked
___________
（sad）
at
his
brother
who
was
badly
wounded.
3.
To
everyone’s
__________
（surprised）,
the
girl
finished
the
job
quite
well.
4.
My
TV
is
out
of
order.
Can
you
tell
me
what
the
_________
（late）
news
about
COVID-19
is?
5.
The
necklace
that
she
lost
is
very
expensive.
It’s
of
great
____________
（valuable）.
6.
There
were
____________
（danger）
fish
in
the
river
in
South
America.
7.
The
child
looked
at
me
____________
（strange）.
8.
You’d
better
give
up
smoking
if
you
want
to
keep
____________
（health）.
9.
It’s
____________
（possible）
for
him
to
finish
the
work.
He
is
so
young.
10.
It’s
____________
（polite）
to
stare
at
someone
or
to
talk
loudly
in
public
places.
11.
It
was
____________
（care）
of
Jim
to
leave
the
tap
running
all
night.
12.
He
is
a（n）
____________
（honest）
boy,
so
we
seldom
believe
what
he
says.
13.
All
the
students
are
having
a
____________
（discuss）
on
how
to
have
the
graduation
party.
14.
Have
you
noticed
the
____________
（sad）
on
her
face?
15.
It’s
____________
（usual）
for
a
four-year-old
boy
to
write
poems
so
well.
三、用方框中的不定代词填空
each
all
none
either
neither
both
1.
Old
Mr
Smith
lives
happily
with
his
three
dogs.
____________
of
them
are
part
of
his
family.
2.
I
invited
John
and
Linda
to
dinner,
but
____________
of
them
came.
3.
We
need
only
one
person,
so
____________
of
you
two
can
come
to
work
here.
4.
____________
of
the
twins
are
fond
of
sport.
5.
They
were
all
very
tired,
but
____________
of
them
stopped
to
have
a
rest.
6.
____________
of
the
four
bedrooms
in
the
house
has
its
own
shower.
四、用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空
instead
of
take
steps
throw
away
as
well
as
possible
do
with
change...
into
be
harmful
to
turn
off
hope
for
divide...
into
1.
Reading
in
the
sun
____________
our
eyes.
2.
We
should
____________
the
lights
before
we
leave
the
room.
3.
In
the
end,
the
workers
____________
the
waste
paper
____________
new
products.
4.
We
should
protect
our
earth
____________
.
5.
Do
you
know
what
to
____________
the
rubbish?
6.
More
and
more
people
____________
clean
water
and
blue
skies.
7.
Tony
____________
the
rubbish
____________
groups
every
day.
It’s
a
good
habit.
8.
We
should
____________
to
save
the
animals
in
danger.
9.
You
can’t
____________
the
waste
paper
which
can
be
recycled.
10.
We’d
better
take
our
own
cloth
bags
when
we
go
shopping
____________
using
plastic
bags.
五、词汇运用
根据短文内容和所给中文提示，写出空白处各单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
Last
week,
we
asked
kids
how
they
protected
the
environment.
Here
are
some
of
the
answers.
I
want
to
save
1
____________（石油）.
I
try
to
ride
my
bike
or
walk
to
different
places
instead
of
going
in
a
car.
Just
doing
small
things
like
turning
off
the
lights
or
2
____________（重复使用）
things
can
make
a
big
difference.
—Reed
Miller,
aged
10
My
father
works
in
a
3
____________（工厂）.
The
workers
in
his
factory
often
divide
the
waste
into
things
to
4
____________（回收利用）
and
things
to
throw
away.
I
will
do
that
like
them.
—Kevin
Daniel,
aged
10
I
do
my
part
by
not
buying
things
that
are
made
of
animals’
hair,
meat
or
skin.
If
we
don’t
buy
these
things,
people
won’t
5
____________（杀死）
animals.
—Rishabh
Sharma,
aged
9
I
think
we
can
take
some
simple
6
（措施）
in
everyday
life.
I
try
my
best
to
do
many
things.
I
try
to
use
less
water
when
I
take
a
shower.
Instead
of
using
7
____________（塑料的）
bags,
I
often
use
8
____________（布）
bags.
—Amelia
Whent,
aged
7
The
earth
is
our
home.
We’ve
9
____________（污染）
it
in
the
past
200
years.
Now
it
is
time
to
create
ways
and
learn
from
our
mistakes.
I
help
10
____________（减少）
pollution
by
not
always
buying
bottles
of
water.
—Arjun
Amin,
aged
9
六、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
I
live
near
a
forest.
I
used
to
love
going
there
1
____________（play）
with
my
dog.
But
one
day
there
was
so
much
litter
there
that
I
became
very
2
____________（happy）.
I
decided
to
clean
up
3
____________
forest.
I
made
my
4
____________（one）
trip
to
clean
the
forest
that
afternoon.
I
took
a
big
black
rubbish
bag
with
me.
Ten
minutes
5
____________（late）,
my
bag
was
full
of
litter!There
were
cans,
bottles,
broken
glass
and
6
____________（newspaper）
in
it.
From
then
on,
I
go
to
the
forest
four
times
a
month
to
pick
up
litter.
I’m
often
there
for
three
hours.
It
7
____________（make）
me
feel
great
to
do
something
for
the
environment.
After
each
trip,
I
look
at
all
the
litter
that
has
been
found
8
____________
me.
If
any
of
it
is
recyclable,
I
will
keep
it.
I
can’t
understand
9
____________
people
drop
litter.
But
I
will
keep
picking
it
up
until
people
stop
10
____________（drop）
it.
I
know
I’m
only
doing
a
small
bit
to
help
the
earth,
but
I
still
think
it’s
important.
参考答案
Module
12
Save
our
world
一、1.
bottle
2.
china
3.
Divide
4.
repeat
5.
policy
6.
rubber
7.
rapid/fast
8.
less
9.
waste
10.
crop
11.
energy
二、1.
death
2.
sadly
3.
surprise
4.
latest
5.
value
6.
dangerous
7.
strangely
8.
healthy
9.
impossible
10.
impolite
11.
careless
12.
dishonest
13.
discussion
14.
sadness
15.
unusual
三、1.
All
2.
neither
3.
either
4.
Both
5.
none
6.
Each
四、1.
is
harmful
to
2.
turn
off
3.
changed,
into
4.
as
well
as
possible
5.
do
with
6.
hope
for
7.
divides,
into
8.
take
steps
9.
throw
away
10.
instead
of
五、1.
oil
2.
reusing
3.
factory
4.
recycle
5.
kill
6.
steps
7.
plastic
8.
cloth
9.
polluted
10.
reduce
六、1.
to
play
2.
unhappy
3.
the
4.
first
5.
later
6.
newspapers
7.
makes
8.
by
9.
why
10.
dropping
