2022届高三英语一轮复习人教版（2019）必修第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters 分层训练（含答案）

Unit
4　Natural
disasters
【基础训练】
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.A
man
was
found
　　　　(death)
in
his
car.?
2.The
fish
can
grow
to
a
　　　　(long)
of
four
feet.?
3.Though
　　　　(suffer)
such
a
heavy
loss,the
boss
didn’t
lose
the
courage
to
go
on
with
his
business.?
4.She
took
a
deep
　　　　(breathe)
and
continued.?
5.I’m
　　　　(shock)
at
his
determined
attitude
towards
this
matter.?
6.The
　　　　(erupt)
of
the
volcano
makes
many
people
lose
their
lives.?
7.What’s
more,it
is
another
　　　　(effect)
way
to
deal
with
the
problem.?
8.The
doctors
gave
him
a
one-in-ten
chance
of
　　　　(survive).?
Ⅱ.短语达标
1.The
city
lay
　　　　　　　　(破败不堪)
after
the
earthquake.Now,rows
of
houses
are
being
built.?
2.There
weren’t
enough
snacks
　　　　　　　　(现有)
for
the
party.?
3.They
had
to
sleep
　　　　　　　　　　　　(露天)
after
the
earthquake.?
4.He
talks
about
Rome
　　　　　　　　(好像)
he
has
been
there
before.?
5.We
haven’t
cleaned
the
house
for
a
few
days,because
we
don’t
want
to
　　　　　　　　(消除)
good
luck.?
6.She’s
still
　　　　　　　　(震惊),but
she
can
stand
it.?
7.　　　　　　　　(至少)
one
policeman
is
said
to
have
been
injured
in
the
accident.?
8.Her
cap
fell
off
in
the
street
and
　　　　　　　　(被风吹走).?
Ⅲ.句式仿写
1.轮到我发表意见时,我紧张得一句话也说不出来。(too...to...太……而不能……)
When
it
was
my
turn
to
express
my
opinion,I
?
　.?
2.看起来这条河好像不干净,不能在这儿游泳。(as
if引导表语从句)
　　　　　　　　　　　　
the
river
isn’t
clean
enough
for
us
to
swim
here.?
3.无论走到哪里,她都受到热烈欢迎。(everywhere引导地点状语从句)
　　　　　　　　　　　　,she
receives
a
warm
welcome.?
4.他没来参加她的生日晚会,这使她非常伤心。(现在分词作结果状语)
He
didn’t
come
to
attend
her
birthday
party,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.?
5.我正想着这件事,突然听到有人叫我的名字。(be
doing...when...正在/要……突然……)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
when
I
heard
my
name
called.?
【能力提升】
Ⅰ.阅读
A
The
World
Wildlife
Fund
for
Nature—WWF—reports
that
nearly
3
billion
animals
were
killed
or
displaced
by
Australia’s
wildfires
in
2019
and
2020.The
number,
reported
in
late
July,was
about
three
times
higher
than
an
earlier
WWF
estimate.“It
ranks
as
one
of
the
worst
wildlife
disasters
in
modern
history,”
said
WWF-Australia
Chief
Executive
Officer
Dermot
O’Gorman.
The
WWF
said
it
used
different
methods
to
estimate
wildlife
populations,
including
information
from
over
100,000
studies.The
scientists
created
models
to
estimate
the
number
of
creatures
found
in
areas
destroyed
by
fire.Project
leader
Lily
Van
Eeden
from
the
University
of
Sydney
said
the
research
was
the
first
continent-wide
examination
of
animals
affected
by
wildfires.“Other
nations
can
build
upon
this
research
to
improve
understanding
of
bushfire
impacts
everywhere,”
she
said.
Those
creatures
that
fled
destroyed
habitats
faced
a
lack
of
food
and
shelter
or
the
likelihood
of
moving
into
already
occupied
habitats.Researchers
said
the
destruction
will
cause
some
species
to
become
extinct
before
their
existence
is
even
recorded.“We
don’t
even
know
what
we
are
losing,”
said
Chris
Dickman,a
professor
of
ecology
at
the
University
of
Sydney.“These
were
species
that
were
here
and
now
they
have
gone...It’s
almost
too
tragic
to
think
about,”
Dickman
added.
The
WWF
report
calls
for
improvements
in
habitat
connectivity
to
help
species
escape
from
fires.It
also
calls
for
identifying
and
protecting
habitat
that
was
not
burned
to
help
save
threatened
species.An
expanded
report
on
the
study
is
expected
later
this
year.
The
wildfires
started
in
September
2019
and
continued
through
March
of
this
year.Scientists
say
the
fires
were
fueled
by
higher
than
normal
temperatures
and
years
of
drought
in
the
Australian
bush.The
fires
caused
34
human
deaths
and
destroyed
nearly
3,000
homes.The
WWF
said
that
over
the
past
year,it
had
raised
money
from
donors
to
allocate
emergency
aid
to
the
front
lines
of
the
fires
to
help
injured
and
displaced
wildlife.
1.What
do
we
know
about
Australia’s
wildfires
in
2019
and
2020?
A.They
were
the
worst
disasters
in
history.
B.Over
3
billion
animals
died
in
the
wildfires.
C.They
caused
more
damage
than
calculated
earlier.
D.Most
animals
moved
to
already
occupied
habitats.
2.How
did
Chris
Dickman
feel
about
the
extinction
of
some
species?
A.Astonished.
B.Pained.
C.Annoyed.
D.Puzzled.
3.What
can
be
inferred
from
the
last
paragraph?
A.The
wildfires
last
a
whole
year.
B.The
wildfires
were
caused
by
the
heat.
C.The
wildfires
also
cause
damages
to
humans.
D.The
wildfires
were
soon
under
control
with
donations.
4.What
lesson
can
we
learn
from
the
text?
A.Humans
shouldn’t
occupy
wildlife
habitat.
B.Humans
shouldn’t
overestimate
the
bushfire.
C.We
should
raise
money
for
wildlife
protection.
D.We
should
develop
the
methods
to
prevent
wildfires.
B
East
Africa
is
experiencing
the
worst
desert
locust
outbreak
in
decades.Climate
events
have
accelerated
breeding
of
the
pest
across
the
region,and
with
a
sudden
rise
in
the
locust
population
expected
in
coming
weeks,urgent
actions
and
funds
are
needed
to
prevent
a
human
crisis.
Twenty
million
people
in
six
of
the
eight
East
African
countries
are
most
affected
by
an
ongoing
desert
locust
outbreak
at
the
risk
of
serious
food
insecurity.Considered
among
the
most
destructive
of
moving
pests,an
adult
locust
can
consume
2g
of
plants
per
day,affecting
crops
and
grasslands.A
group
typically
holds
20
to
150
million
locusts
per
square
kilometer
and
can
move
hundreds
of
kilometers
per
day,invading
areas
covering
millions
of
square
kilometers.An
active
group,therefore,can
destroy
crops
and
grasslands
within
a
very
short
period
of
time.
That
global
warming
could
increase
the
risk
of
desert
locust
crisis
which
was
proposed
over
ten
years
ago,and
in
February,the
UN
Secretary-General
António
Guterres
stated
that
the
current
outbreak
is
linked
to
the
effects
of
climate
change:“Warmer
seas
mean
more
perfect
breeding
ground
for
locusts.”The
outbreak
has
its
origins
in
2018,when
a
series
of
windstorms
in
the
Arabian
Peninsula
(阿拉伯半岛)
enabled
the
warm
and
wet
conditions
the
desert
locust
requires
to
breed
and
band
undetected
in
remote
regions.Though
our
focus
here
is
migration
west,dreadful
outbreaks
of
the
desert
locust
have
been
experienced
to
the
east.
The
situation
is
going
out
of
control.A
rescue
operation
and
financial
support
admit
no
delay.
The
Food
and
Agricultural
Organization
(FAO)
can
take
out
only
US$138
million
for
rapid
response
and
immediate
action
—
controlling
the
spread
of
the
desert
locust
and
safeguarding
livelihoods.They
say
the
maths
is
clear:
about
half
the
funding
(资助)
is
needed
for
supervision,ground
and
sky
control,and
uniting
efforts;
the
other
half
is
needed
for
livelihoods
and
food
security
of
farmers.As
for
the
huge
gap,they
have
called
on
the
international
community
to
act
now
through
funding.However,by
the
end
of
February,just
US$69
million
had
been
promised.
This
most
alarming
crisis
has
developed
and
is
worsening
in
East
Africa.The
funds
needed
to
control
the
situation
become
very
difficult
to
achieve
and
the
gap
is
a
big
concern.
5.Why
does
the
crisis
happen
in
East
Africa?
A.There
is
a
big
population
there.
B.There
are
large
deserts
and
grasslands.
C.Africa
lies
west
of
Arabian
Peninsula.
D.Good
climate
for
breeding
plays
a
role.
6.Why
does
the
writer
list
those
figures
in
Para.2?
A.To
warn
of
the
terrible
damage
by
locusts.
B.To
help
us
understand
how
locusts
live.
C.To
show
how
many
locusts
there
are
now.
D.To
draw
a
picture
of
the
present
Africa.
7.What
can
we
infer
from
the
text?
A.The
crisis
is
not
noticed
until
recently.
B.More
fund
is
needed
to
prevent
the
crisis.
C.The
crisis
has
been
the
focus
of
the
world.
D.Locusts
are
all
from
the
Arabian
Peninsula.
8.Which
is
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.Killing
locusts
before
too
late
B.Global
warming,a
world
problem
C.Funding
gap
for
locust
crisis
D.Africa,a
crisis-stricken
place
Ⅱ.七选五
Floods
are
one
of
the
most
common
disasters
in
the
US.Some
floods
develop
slowly.But
flash
floods
can
develop
quickly,sometimes
in
just
a
few
minutes
and
without
any
signs
of
rain.1.　　　　
It
carries
rocks
and
can
sweep
away
most
things
in
its
path.?
If
a
flood
is
likely
in
your
area,you
should:
Listen
to
the
radio
or
watch
television
for
information.If
there
is
any
possibility
of
a
flash
flood,move
at
once
to
higher
ground.2.　　　?
If
you
have
time
to
prepare,you
should:
Make
your
home
safe
by
bringing
in
outdoor
furniture.Move
necessary
items
to
an
upper
floor.3.　　　　
Do
not
touch
any
electrical
equipment
if
you
are
wet
or
standing
in
water.?
If
you
have
to
leave
your
home
right
away,remember
these
tips:
Do
not
walk
through
moving
water.4.　　　　
If
you
have
to
walk
in
water,walk
where
the
water
is
not
moving.Use
a
stick
to
check
the
ground
in
front
of
you.?
5.　　　　
If
flood-waters
rise
around
your
car,give
up
the
car
and
move
to
higher
ground
if
you
can
do
so
safely.Otherwise
you
and
the
car
can
be
quickly
swept
away.?
A.Do
not
drive
into
flooded
areas.
B.Do
not
wait
for
instructions
to
move.
C.20
cm
depth
of
moving
water
can
make
you
fall.
D.Turn
off
all
pieces
of
electrical
equipment.
E.Flash
floods
often
have
a
dangerous
wall
of
water.
F.Maybe
you
know
floods,earthquakes,sandstorms,and
so
on.
G.During
recent
years,floods
have
caused
billions
of
dollars
in
damage
each
year.
Ⅲ.语法填空
You
may
often
see
young
people
in
Asian
countries
wear
their
masks
in
public.What
makes
them
do
so?
Asians
often
wear
face
masks
to
prevent
one’s
own
germs
or
sickness
from
spreading
in
public
places.In
many
Asian
countries,people
value
collectivism,
1.　　　　
means
they
will
try
their
best
to
make
a
2.　　　　(contribute)
to
their
group.Amid
the
novel
coronavirus
outbreak,Asians
wear
masks
to
prevent
both
3.
　　　　(they)
and
others
from
being
infected,which
will
ultimately
benefit
the
whole
group.?
Apart
from
physical
protection,masks
4.　　　　(evolve)
into
social
firewalls
among
young
people
in
Asian
countries
already
as
well.?
Young
people
are
more
concerned
about
their
privacy
than
their
parents
and
grandparents.In
public,for
example,on
a
crowded
subway,5.　　　　(hide)
their
faces
with
masks
can
sometimes
help
them
gain
some
privacy.For
some
young
girls,
wearing
masks
can
give
them
confidence
and
6.　　　　
sense
of
security
when
they
don’t
have
enough
time
to
do
makeup.?
7.　　　　
this
reason,wearing
masks
has
become
a
fashion
trend
among
young
people.They
wear
them,along
with
audio
headsets,to
signal
a
lack
of
desire
8.　
　　　(communicate)
with
those
around
them,according
to
Quartz.?
Not
only
9.　　　　(use)
to
prevent
the
spread
of
disease,masks
have
indeed
made
their
way
into
the
mainstream
and
are
here
to
stay
in
Asian
10.　　　　(country).?
参考答案
【基础训练】
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.dead　2.length　3.suffering　4.breath　5.shocked　6.eruption　7.effective　8.survival
Ⅱ.短语达标
1.in
ruins　2.on
hand　3.in
the
open
air　4.as
if
5.sweep
away　6.in
shock　7.At
least　8.blew
away
Ⅲ.句式仿写
1.was
too
nervous
to
say
a
word　2.It
looks
as
if
3.Everywhere
she
goes　4.making
her
very
sad　5.I
was
thinking
about
this
【能力提升】
Ⅰ.阅读
1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可推知,澳大利亚的山火造成的伤害比原先计算的要多很多。故选C项。
2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可推知,Chris
Dickman对于物种的灭绝感到痛心。故选B项。
3.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句可知,山火也对人类造成了损害。故选C项。
4.A　推理判断题。从倒数第二段可推断出,这里倡导人类不要占据野生动物的栖息地。故选A项。
5.D　细节理解题。根据第一段可知,气候活动加速了该地区害虫的繁殖。即蝗虫危机在东非发生的原因是气候条件有利于蝗虫的繁殖。故选D。
6.A　推理判断题。根据第二段可以判断出作者在本段列出这些数字是为了警告人们蝗虫会造成严重的损失及破坏。故选A。
7.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,关于资金的严重不足,粮食及农业组织呼吁国际社会立即筹款。然而,到2月底,仅筹措到6900万美元。因此我们可以推断出需要更多资金来预防危机。故选B。
8.C　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章讲述了东非发生了严重的沙漠蝗虫灾害,预计在未来几周内蝗虫数量会急剧增加。粮食及农业组织呼吁国际社会立即筹集资金,采取行动,控制沙漠蝗虫灾害。目前控制局势所需的资金变得非常难得,缺口是一个大问题。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
1.E　上文提到了山洪暴发,后文则提到了山洪可以扫除路上大部分东西,说明山洪具有危险性。本句属于过渡句,承上启下,说明山洪的特性。E选项中Flash
floods可对应上文中的flash
floods,a
dangerous
wall对应后文中的代词it。故选E。
2.B　根据上文可知,上文提到一有山洪暴发的可能,就要立即转移,即不能等着转移的指令。上文中move
at
once可对应到B选项中的to
move。故选B。
3.D　后文提到了不要触摸任何电器,可推知本句应当是在说明对电器的处理方法。下文中electrical
equipment可对应到D选项中的electrical
equipment。故选D。
4.C　上文提到了不要在流动的水里行走,故本句应当承接上文说明不要这么做的原因。上文中walk
through
moving
water可对应到C选项中的moving
water。故选C。
5.A　根据后文可知,本段主要说明的是洪水暴发时开车的相关注意事项。且后文中的car“汽车”可对应到A选项中的drive“驾驶”。故A选项“不要开车去洪水区”符合语境,故选A。
Ⅲ.语法填空
1.which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,　　　　
means
they
will
try
their
best
to
make
a
　　　　(contribute)
to
their
group是一个非限制性定语从句,应修饰整个主句内容,关系词在从句中作主语,that不能引导非限制性定语从句,应用which引导该从句,所以填which。?
2.contribution　考查名词。该空作make的宾语,故用名词,前面有不定冠词修饰,故用名词单数,所以填contribution。
3.themselves　考查反身代词。此处代指句子主语Asians,表示“他们自己”,所以填反身代词themselves。
4.have
evolved　考查时态。根据already,可知这里表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在,应用现在完成时,masks是复数,谓语动词用复数,所以填have
evolved。
5.hiding　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,　　　　(hide)
their
faces
with
masks作句子的主语,空处应用动名词,所以填hiding。?
6.a　考查固定短语。句意:对于一些年轻女孩来说,当她们没有足够的时间化妆时,戴口罩可以给她们信心和安全感。a
sense
of
“……的感觉”,是固定短语,所以空处填a。
7.For　考查固定短语。for
this
reason是固定短语,意为“因为这个原因”,句子第一个单词首字母应大写,所以填For。
8.to
communicate　考查非谓语动词。
a
desire
to
do
sth.意为“做某事的愿望”,此处用不定式作定语,所以填to
communicate。
9.used　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构,Not
only
　　　　(use)
to
prevent
the
spread
of
disease作状语,use与其逻辑主语masks之间是被动关系,故用过去分词,所以填used。?
10.countries　考查名词的数。
“亚洲国家”是复数意义,用名词复数,所以填countries。