中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2.1 图形的轴对称
一、夯实基础
1.自新冠肺炎疫情发生以来,全国人民共同抗疫,各地积极普及科学防控知识,下面是科学防控知识的图片,图片上有图案和文字说明,其中图案是轴对称图形的是( )
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A.打喷嚏捂口鼻 B.喷嚏后慎揉眼 C.勤洗手勤通风 D.戴口罩讲卫生
2.在下列图形中,对称轴条数最多的是( )
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A. B. C. D.
3.如图,△ABC和△A′B′C′关于直线l对称,若∠A=50°,∠C′=30°,则∠B的度数( )
A. 30° B. 50° C. 90° D. 100°
4.如图,△ABC和△A′B′C′关于直线l对称,下列结论中正确的个数是( )
①△ABC≌△A′B′C′;②∠BAC=∠B′A′C′;③直线l垂直平分CC′;
④直线BC和B′C′的交点不一定在直线l上.
A.4 B.3 C.2 D.1
第3题 第4题 第5题
5.如图,△ABC的周长为30 cm,把△ABC的边AC对折,使顶点C和点A重合,折痕交BC边于点D,交AC边于点E,连结AD,若AE=4 cm,则△ABD的周长是( )
A.22 cm B.20 cm C.18 cm D.15 cm
二、能力进阶
6.如图,在△ABC中,∠BAC=90°,∠B=50°,AD⊥BC,垂足为D,△ADB与△ADB′关于直线AD对称,点B的对称点是点B′,则∠CAB′的度数为( )
A.10° B.20° C.30° D.40°
第6题 第7题
7.如图,将长方形ABCD沿AC折叠,使点B落在点B′处,B′C交AD于点E,若∠1=25°,则∠2等于( )
A.25° B.30° C.50° D.60°
8.请在下面三个2×2的方格中,各作出一个与图中三角形成轴对称的图形,且所画图形的顶点与方格中小正方形的顶点重合,并给所画图形涂上阴影(所画的三个图形不能重复).
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9.如图,P是∠AOB内任意一点,以OA,OB为对称轴分别画出点P 经
轴对称变换后的点P1,P2,连结P1P2,分别与OA,OB相交于点C,
D.若P1P2=8 cm,求△PCD的周长.
三、自我挑战
10.图1、图2均为7×6的正方形网格,点A,B,C在格点上.在图1,2中确定格点D,并画出以A,B,C,D为顶点的四边形,使其为轴对称图形.(各画一个即可)
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11.如图,在正方形网格中,每个小正方形的边长都为1,网格中有一个格点△ABC(即三角
形的顶点都在格点上).
(1)求△ABC的面积.
(2)在图中作出△ABC与直线MN成轴对称的△A′B′C′.
(3)利用网格纸,在MN上找一点P,使得PB+PC的距离最短.
(保留作图痕迹)
12.如图,已知∠O,P为其内一定点,分别在∠O的两边上找点A,B,使△PAB周长最小的是( )
A. B. C. D.
答案:
1-7.D A D B A A C
8. 解:如图,任选三个即可.
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9. 解:根据轴对称变换的性质,可知PC=P1C,PD=P2D,
∴△PCD的周长为PC+CD+PD=P1C+CD+P2D=P1P2=8 cm.
10. 解:答案不唯一,如图.
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11.解:(1)S△ABC=3×4-×2×2-×1×4-×2×3
=12-2-2-3=5.
(2)如图,△A′B′C′即为所求.
(3)如图,连结BC′,交直线MN于点P,点P即为所求.
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12. D
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